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新人教版八年级英语下册 Unit5 核心知识点全覆盖:词汇·短语·句型·语法
一、词性转换(中考高频词)
1.rescue /ˈreskjuː/v.&n. 救援;营救
短语:rescue sb. from 从…… 营救某人
2.predict /prɪˈdɪkt/v. 预测;预报
变形:prediction n. 预测
3.survive /səˈvaɪv/v. 幸存;存活
变形:survival n. 幸存;survivor 幸存者
4.danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/n. 危险
变形:dangerous adj. 危险的
短语:in danger 处于危险中;out of danger 脱离危险
5.wind /wɪnd/n.风;v. 缠绕
短语:strong wind 大风;hurricane 飓风;
6.earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/n. 地震
短语:strong earthquake 强震;earthquake rescue 地震救援
7.storm /stɔːm/n.暴风雨;v. 突袭
短语:rainstorm 暴雨;thunderstorm 雷暴;storm at sea 海上风暴
二、单元核心短语
1.all of a sudden 突然;猛地
2.at the time of ...... 的时候
3.break out 爆发;突然发生
4.by the end of 到...... 末为止
5.by the time 到...... 时候为止
6.cause sb to do sth 导致某人做某事
7.get into an accident 发生事故
8.go off (闹钟) 响;离开
9.go wrong 出故障;出差错
10.hear about 得知;听到关于
11.jump into action 立刻行动
12.make preparations 做准备
13.out of breath 气喘吁吁
14.pay attention to 注意;关注
15.put out 扑灭
16.rain cats and dogs 下大雨
17.sweep through 扫过;掠过
18.take place 发生;举行
19.the difference between life and death 生死之别
20.warn sb of/about sth 提醒 / 警告某人某事 / 物
中考高频短语
1. make one’s way to 在某人去……的路上
2. break...apart使……分离;使……破裂
3. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
4. remember to do sth. 记得去做某事
5. make preparations 做准备
6. except for 除......之外
7. as soon as 一......就......
8. as a result 因此
9. go wrong 出现问题;发生故障;搞错
10. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
11. avoid doing sth 避免做某事
12. stay away from远离......
13. by the end of 到......末为止
14. as aresult 结果
三、中考高频短语精讲
1.remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
核心考核点
含义区别:记得已经做过某事(事情已做完)。
易混辨析:和 remember to do 必考配对辨析。
常考句型:I remember meeting you before.我记得以前见过你。
陷阱考点:选择题、完形填空最爱考动名词 vs 不定式辨析。
2. remember to do sth. 记得去做某事
核心考核点
含义:记得要去做某事(事情还没做)。
中考必考:祈使句场景高频考:
Remember to close the door when you leave.离开时记得关门。
拓展延伸:同类用法还有:
forget to do 忘记要做
forget doing 忘记做过
3. except for 除…… 之外
核心考核点
用法:强调整体中除去细节瑕疵,对整体做修正、补充。
常考辨析:except 与 except for 区别
except:同类排除
Everyone went except Tom.
except for:不同类、局部瑕疵
The article is good except for some mistakes.
题型:单选、完形填空固定考点。
4. as soon as 一…… 就……
核心考核点
从句时态口诀:主将从现
主句将来时,as soon as 从句用一般现在时。
I will call you as soon as I arrive.
时态考点:也常考主过从过(主句过去,从句也过去)。
同义替换:中考写作可替换:the moment /immediately。
题型:单选、句型转换、书面表达高频套用。
四、when和while的用法
很多同学分不清when和while的用法,其实只要抓住“动词类型、动作关系、时态”三个维度,就能100%做对题。
一、核心考点拆解
1. 接动词类型
- when:短暂性/延续性动词都可接
- while:只能接延续性动词
2. 动作关系
- when:可同时/先后发生,表“突然”
- while:必须同时发生,可表对比
3. 从句时态
- when:一般时/进行时均可
- while:常用进行时(突出正在进行)
4. 特殊用法
- when:be about to do...when...(正要做…突然…)
- while:主从句主语一致时,可省略主语+be动词,直接接doing
二、易混对比表(用纯文本序号代替表格)
1. 例1:I was doing my homework when the phone rang.(when接短暂动词rang)
2. 例2:While I was reading, my sister was watching TV.(while接延续动词reading/watching)
【真题演练】
1. We ______ (have) dinner when the rainstorm came.(答案:were having)
2. While my brother ______ (play) games, I was doing my homework.(答案:was playing)
3.We were about to leave ______ it began to rain.(答案:when)
五、单元核心语法
过去进行时是中考单选、完形和写作的高频考点。掌握它的关键,就是抓住 “定义 - 结构 - 句型 - 标志词” 这四大核心模块,就能轻松应对所有题型。
一、核心定义与基本结构
1. 定义:表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内,正在进行、持续发生的动作,尤其适合描述灾难发生时,背景中正在进行的场景。
2. 基本结构:主语 + was/were + 动词 - ing + 其他
1. 主语为单数(I/he/she/it)用 was;主语为复数(we/you/they)用 were
二、关键标志词看到这些词,优先考虑过去进行时:
1. at this time yesterday(昨天的这个时候)
2. at the time of(在…… 发生的时候)
3. when/while(引导时间状语从句时,主句常用过去进行时)
三、核心句型拆解
肯定句结构:主语 + was/were + v-ing + 其他
例句:It was raining hard while we were driving back.
否定句结构:主语 + was/were + not + v-ing + 其他
例句:He was not reviewing the notes at that time.
一般疑问句结构:Was/Were + 主语 + v-ing + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + was/were.;
否定回答:No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t.
例句:—Were you playing basketball then? —Yes, I was.
特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词 + was/were + (主语) + v-ing + 其他?
例句:—What were you doing at nine last Sunday morning? —I was reading a book.
【真题演练】
1. I ______ (do) my homework at 8:00 last night.
2. (答案:was doing)
3. They ______ (not watch) TV at this time yesterday.
4. (答案:weren’t watching)
5. —______ she ______ (dance) when you called her? —No, she wasn’t.(答案:Was; dancing)
6. What ______ your parents ______ (do) while you were sleeping?
7. (答案:were; doing)
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