Unit 8 Once upon a Time（知识清单）英语新教材人教版七年级下册

Unit 7 A Day to Remember Unit 1 重点词汇 1. /əˈpɒn/ prep.在……之上 2. /baɪt/ v.（bit /bɪt/）咬；咬伤 3. /net/ n.网；网状物 4. /ˈhʌntə(r)/ n.猎人；搜寻者 5. /ˈprɒmɪs/ v.承诺；保证；n.承诺；诺言 6. /wɔː(r)/ n.战争 7. /ˈneɪbə(r)/ n.邻居 8. /waɪz/ adj.明智的；高明的 9. /ˈempərə(r)/ n.皇帝 10. /laɪ/ v.撒谎；n.谎言 11. /prɪˈtend/ v.假装；伪装 12. /əˈfɪʃl/ n.官员；高级职员 13. /ˈsɪli/ adj.愚蠢的；傻的 14. /dɪˈsaɪd/ v.决定 15. /preɪz/ v.&n.赞美；表扬 16. /əˈfreɪd/ adj.害怕的；担心的 17. /ˈsʌdənli/ adv.突然地；出乎意料地 18. /truːθ/ n.真相；事实 19. /truː/ adj.符合事实的；真正的 20. /heɪt/ v.不喜欢；厌恶；讨厌 21. /kɪŋ/ n.君主；国王 22. /ˈɑːtɪst/ n.美术家；艺术家 23. /ˈkwɪkli/ adv.快速地；很快 24. /smaɪl/ v.微笑；n.微笑；笑容 25. /ˈʌɡli/ adj.丑陋的；难看的 26. /ˈdʌklɪŋ/ n.小鸭子 27. /ˈriːəl/ adj.真的；真正的 28. /sɜːtʃ/ v.寻找；搜寻 29. /hen/ n.母鸡 30. /ˈhəʊpfəli/ adv.有希望地 31. /pɜː(r)/ v.（猫愉快时）发出呜呜声 32. /leɪ/ v.（laid /leɪd/）下（蛋）；放置；搁 33. /swɒn/ n.天鹅 34. /ˈfeðə(r)/ n.羽毛 35. /saɪz/ n.尺寸；尺码 36. /dɪsˈlaɪk/ v.不喜欢；厌恶；n.不喜欢（的事物）；反感 37. /ˈfɪʃəmən/ n.（pl.fishermen /ˈfɪʃəmən/）渔夫 38. /ˈfɪshɪŋ/ n.钓鱼；捕鱼 39. /ˈdʒiːni/ n.妖怪；鬼 40. /daɪ/ v.死亡；消失 41. /ˈsʌmwʌn/ pron.某人；有人 42. /set/ v.使处于某种状况；使开始 43. /rɪtʃ/ adj.富有的；富含……的 44. /ˈpaʊəfl/ adj.强大的；有影响力的 45. /ˈeniwʌn/ pron.任何人；某个人 46. /ˈʌɡli/ adj.丑陋的；难看的 47. /hɪmˈself/ pron.他自己,他本人 重点短语 1. 从前；很久以前 2. 编写故事的结局 3. 咬穿 4. 抓老鼠 5. 承诺去做某事 6. 很久以前 7. 带着某东西回来 8. 参战 9. 对某人撒谎 10. 假装做某事 11. 决定去做某事 12. 害怕去做某事 13. 开始做某事 14. 说实话 15. 起初；最初 16. 赚钱 17. 逃脱；离开  18. 一张……图画 19. 到处；遍及 20. 嘲笑 21. 走开 22. 寻找 23. 对某人说不 24. 下蛋；产卵 25. 往下看 26. 出乎某人的意料 27. 在大小和颜色上 28. 只有 29. 渔网 30. 出现；盛开 31. 许下诺言 32. 释放 33. 年复一年的等待 34. 而不是；代替 35. 成功做成某事 36. 最后；终究 37. 发生 38. 在海边 重点句型 1. The emperor couldn't see ，but he said, “They're beautiful！” 皇帝什么也看不见，但他说：“他们很漂亮！” 2. Suddenly, a boy cried/shouted ，“Look! The emperor has ！” 突然，一个男孩喊道：“看！皇帝没穿衣服！” 3. People in the street/city them . They were afraid silly too. 街上/城里的人都称赞他们，他们也害怕自己看起来愚蠢。 4. Please tell me you think！ 请告诉我你的想法！ 5. “We can make a lot of money to the emperor.”one of the brothers said. “骗皇帝可以赚很多钱。”其中一个兄弟说道。 6. It took me months to paint a horse well. 我花了几个月的时间才学会如何画好一匹马。 7. But the other ducklings still him and told him to go away. 但是其他鸭子仍然嘲笑他，并让他走开。 8. It made the poor duckling very sad, so he decided a new home. 这让可怜的小鸭子很伤心，所以他决定去寻找一个新家。 9. The duckling looked , and , he saw that he was a beautiful white swan too! 小鸭低下头，惊讶地发现自己也是一只美丽的白天鹅。 10. We only like animals .You are welcome here only if you can purr or lay eggs. 我们只喜欢有特殊技能的动物。只有当你能发出咕噜声或下蛋时，这里才欢迎你。 11. I believe I can find the for me. 我相信我能找到适合我的地方。 12. If anyone me , I would kill them giving them anything. 如果有人释放了我，我会杀了他们，而不是给他们任何东西。 13. Would the fisherman saving himself? 渔夫能够成功自救吗？ 语言目标 掌握一般过去时态的特殊疑问句。 【知识点1】 The mouse bit through the net. 老鼠咬穿了网。 【详解】bite 作动词（过去式：bit)，意思为“咬；咬伤”；也可作可数名词，意思为“咬；（咬下的）一口” 例句：A dog bit me last week. 上周一只狗咬伤了我。 She took a bite of the meat.　她咬了一口肉。 【拓展】区分across,cross, through,over,past ①across 介词, 侧重从表面“跨过”，强调从一定范围的一边到另一边，且在物体表面上或沿着某一条线的方向而进行的动作，常与walk，run，go等词连用。 ②cross:动词，可直接在句中作谓语动词.与go across 意思一样. 例如：Go across the bridge，and you’ll find the park.= Cross the bridge , and you'll find the park. 越过这座桥，你就会找到公园。 ③through 侧重从事物内部“穿过”，表示从长形物体的一端到另一端，表示的动作是在内部空间进行的，往往指穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等。即头顶有覆盖物。 例如：He went through the forest finally .他终于走出了那遍森林。 ④over作为介词，用作“穿过、通过”时，侧重翻过障碍物（如树、墙、篱笆和山脉等）的另一侧。 例如：He jumped over the wall. 他跳过了墙。 ⑤past 介词，侧重从某物旁边经过，意思是“走过某处、经过……”;也有……的一半之意. 例如：He walked past me without saying“Hello”.=He passed me without saying "Hello". 他没打招呼就从我身边走过。 fifteen past seven七点过五分. 【典例】 1. The fierce dog suddenly ______ the thief on the leg and wouldn't let go. A. bit B. beat C. hit D. kicked 2. Be careful when you ______ the busy street. Look both ways first. A. across B. cross C. through D. past 3. The river runs ______ the village, and we built a bridge ______ it last year. A. through; over B. across; through C. over; past D. past; across 4.The thief climbed ______ the wall and ran ______ several gardens before the police caught him. A. across; through B. over; past C. through; over D. past; across 【知识点2】The mouse promised to help the lion. 老鼠承诺帮助狮子。 【详解】promise用作及物动词，意为＂许诺，承诺＂，常用于以下三种结构： promise to do sth答应做某事 promise + that从句 promise sb sth答应某人某事 例句: My teacher promised to help us. 我老师答应要帮助我们。 My aunt promised me a bike. 我姑姑答应给我买一辆自行车。 【拓展】promise还可以用作可数名词，意为＂承诺，诺言＂。 常用短语有： make a promise/promises 允诺 keep a /one’s promise 遵守诺言，信守承诺 break a /one’s promise 违背诺言 例句：Give me your promise that you’ll never be late again. 答应我你绝不再迟到了。 If you make a promise you should keep it. 如果你做出了承诺，你就应该遵守诺言。 Don’t break a promise even for one time, or people will not trust you again. 不要失信于人，哪怕只有一次，否则将没有人再相信你。 【典例】 1. My brother ______ me that he would finish his homework on time. A. wished B. hoped C. promised D. expected 2. Don't worry. I promise______ help you with your English tomorrow afternoon. A. help B. helped C. helping D. to help 【知识点3】 long (long) ago 很久以前 【详解】ago为副词，意为“以前”，常用于一般过去时，跟在表示时间段的表达之后。 如：I saw her a few minutes ago.几分钟前我看见她了。 【拓展】 1. 一段时间 + ago 多长时间之前(与一般过去时连用) 反义词：later 例句：We visited the Natural History Museum three days ago. 2. before + 时间点 在某个时间点之前（不一定用于过去时） 反义词：after 例句：I usually go to school before seven. 【典例】 1.—Your paintings are so great, David! When did you learn to paint? —Three years _________. A．ago B．before C．after D．later 【知识点4】Two brothers came and lied to him... 兄弟两人来对他撒谎说...... 【详解】lie〔不及物动词〕意思为“撒谎”；lie to sb对某人撒谎 lie的各种含义： lie v. 躺，位于，平放 lay—lain—lying You should lie down. 你应该躺下。 His school lies in the north of the city. 他的学校位于城北。 lie v. 说谎 lied—lied—lying He often lies. 他经常说谎。 lie n. 谎言 lies(复数) He often tells lies. 他经常说谎。 【拓展】 lay v. 下蛋，放置 例句：The hens lay a lot of eggs every day. 母鸡每天下很多蛋。 Please lay the table before dinner. 饭前请摆好餐具。 【典例】 1. The book ______ open on the desk where he had left it. A. lay B. lied C. laid D. was laying 2. He ______ to the police about his identity and was severely punished. A. lay B. lied C. laid D. lain 3. —Why is the baby crying? —Because he doesn't want to ______ on the bed. He wants his mother to hold him. A. lie B. lay C. be lain D. be lied 【知识点5】They pretended to make the clothes.他们假装做衣服。 【详解】 pretend动词， 意思为“假装；伪装” 常用搭配： 例句：He pretended to sleep when his mother came in. 当他妈妈进来时，他假装睡觉。 She pretended to be friendly to me. 她假装对我友好。 Let's pretend that we're doctors.　咱们装扮成医生吧。 【典例】 1. When his mother came in, the boy ______ to be asleep so that he wouldn't be scolded. A. pretended B. expected C. hoped D. wished 2.Don't pretend ______ my question. I know you heard me clearly. A. to understand B. understanding C. not understanding D. not to understand 【知识点6】...but they said, "What lovely clothes!' ......但是他们说：“多么漂亮的衣服啊！” 【详解】本句是what引导的感叹句, what用来修饰名词。 常见的结构有: What a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)！ What a beautiful girl she is! 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩啊！ What+形容词＋不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！ What good weather it is! 多好的天气啊！ What+形容词＋可数名词复数(＋主语＋谓语)！ What hard-working students they are! 他们是多么努力的学生啊！ 【拓展】how也可以引导感叹句, 用来修饰形容词或副词, 此类感叹句的结构为 “How+形容词／副词(＋主语＋谓语)！” 例句: How beautiful the girl is!这个女孩真漂亮啊！ How fast the boy is running!那个男孩跑得真快啊！ 【易错警示】 判断用what/ how的方法： 1、去掉主语、谓语和其他句子成分，看剩下来的最后一个词，如果是名词用what, 如果是形容词或副词用how. 2. 如果剩下来的词为可数名词单数，则用what a/an（元音因素前用an）,不可数名词或名词复数则不用冠词。 【典例】 1. ______ beautiful flower it is! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a 2. ______ interesting the story is! A. What an B. What C. How D. How an 3. ______ delicious food it is! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a 4. ______ hard-working students they are! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 5. ______ fast he runs! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 二、填空题 1. ______ lovely day it is! 2. ______ cold water it is! 3. ______ carefully she listens! 4. ______ beautiful music it is! 5. ______ tall the boy is! 【知识点7】The emperor decided to show everyone his new clothes. 皇帝决定给大家看看他的新衣服。 【详解】 decide是动词，意为“决定，选定”。常见用法有： (1) decide sth.意为“决定某事”。 例句：I can’t decide anything at the moment. 现在我不能做出任何决定。 (2) decide to do sth. 意为“决定做某事”。 例句： We decide to go to Paris next month. 我们决定下个月去巴黎。 (3)decision n. 决定；抉择 make a decision (to do sth./on sth.) = decide to do sth./on sth. 做决定去做某事 【典例】 1.—What did you decide ______ for your mother's birthday? —I plan to cook a meal for her. A. buying B. to buy C. buy D. bought 2.It's not easy to make such an important ______. You need to think it over carefully. A. point B. description C. question D. decision 【知识点8】They were afraid to look silly too! 他们也害怕看起来愚蠢！ 【详解】afraid形容词，意思为 “害怕的；担心的”, 常在句中作表语，不作定语。 如：× an afraid child → √ a scared child ✓ She is afraid. 常见结构： (1) be afraid of + 名词/代词/V-ing 表示 "害怕某物/做某事可能导致的后果" 例句：He is afraid of spiders. 他害怕蜘蛛。（怕蜘蛛） She is afraid of making mistakes. 她害怕犯错误。（怕犯错的结果） (2) be afraid to do sth. 表示 “因害怕而不敢做某事本身” 例句：They were afraid to ask questions. 他们害怕问问题。（不敢提问） (3) be afraid (that) + 从句 ▸表担忧：“担心...” 例句：I'm afraid (that) it will rain tomorrow. 我担心明天会下雨。 ▸表委婉否定：“恐怕...” 例句：I'm afraid I can't agree with you. 恐怕我不能同意你的看法。 (4) 固定回答 ▸ I'm afraid so. 恐怕是的。 ▸ I'm afraid not. 恐怕不行/不是。 【典例】 1. My little sister is afraid ______ dogs. She never gets close to them. A. of B. to C. with D. for 2. The boy was afraid ______ his teacher because he didn't finish his homework on time. A. to see B. seeing C. of see D. saw 3. —Will the meeting be cancelled because of the heavy rain? —______. The weather report says the rain will stop soon. A. I'm afraid so B. I'm afraid not C. I hope not D. I'm afraid 【知识点9】They started/began laughing 他们开始笑。 【详解】start作动词，意为“开始，着手，出发，启动”，start to do sth =start doing sth意为“开始做某事”。start 表“开始”之意时，可与begin互换。 如：She started playing/to play the guitar when she was six. 她六岁开始弹吉他。 start with... 以......开始 【典例】 1. The English class always ______ a five-minute dictation. A. starts with B. starts to C. starts from D. starts at 2. It's time to ______ your homework, children. A. start do B. start doing C. start did D. start done 【知识点10】They laughed when a boy told the truth. 当一个男孩说实话时，他们大笑。 【详解】truth名词，意思为 “真相；事实”，常与定冠词 the连用，tell the truth 说实话 face the truth 面对现实 例句：Please tell the truth. 请说实话。 【拓展】 ①true 形容词，意思为 “符合事实的；真正的” 例句： Is the story true? 这个故事是真的吗？ 常用短语：come true 实现 例句：Her dream finally came true. 她的梦想终于实现了。 ②truly副词，意思为 “真正；确实；真诚地” 例句：I truly believe you. 我真心相信你。 ③truthful 形容词，意思为 “诚实的” 例句：She gave a truthful answer. 她给出了诚实的回答。 【典例】 1. All of us hope that our dreams can ______ one day. A. come out B. come on C. come true D. come in 2. He finally told us the ______ (true) . 【知识点11】 We can make a lot of money by lying to the emperor. 我们可以通过对皇帝撒谎来赚很多钱。 【详解】“by +动词ing形式”意为“通过做某事”，常常表示方式或方法，可以用来回答how引导的特殊疑问句。 【拓展】介词by的其他常见用法： ①by + 地点，意为“靠近；在……旁边” 例句：Tom sits by the window in the classroom.汤姆坐在教室里的窗边。 ②by + 时间，意为“在……之前” 例句：Mom told him to come back home by 10:00.妈妈告诉他十点之前回到家。 ③by + 交通工具，意为“乘……” by bus/car/bike/train ④用于被动语态中，后面跟动作的执行者 ⑤by 介词，表示连续或反复,意为“(一个)接着(一个);”(一个)又(一个). one by one 一个接一个 little by little 一点一点 year by year 年复一年 step by step 一步一步 【典例】 1. You can improve your listening skills ______ English songs every day. A. by listen to B. by listening to C. with listening to D. in listening to 2. The scientist will give a speech ______ the afternoon of June 15th. A. by B. on C. in D. at 3. The bridge ______ built ______ thousands of workers in 1957. A. is; by B. was; by C. was; with D. is; for 4. The little boy traveled to Beijing ______ last summer vacation. A. by himself B. with himself C. on himself D. for himself 5.—Did you get there ________ bus? —No, I took a taxi. A.at B. in C. by D. on 【知识点12】 The duckling looked down, and to his surprise, he saw that he was a beautiful white swan too! 那只小鸭子低头看，出乎他的意料，他看见他也是一只美丽的白天鹅！ surprise作名词，意为“惊喜，惊奇”，如a surprise惊喜，in surprise惊奇地， to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是； 作动词，意为“使吃惊”，surprise sb使某人吃惊。 如：She gave us a big surprise. 她给了我们一个大大的惊喜。 【拓展】 （1）surprising 意为“令人惊奇的”，形容事物；surprised 意为“感到惊讶的”，形容人。（同tired /tiring，interesting/interested，scared/scaring） （2）常用搭配： a)be surprised at sth 对某事感到惊讶 如：We are surprised at his surprising success.我们对他惊人的成功感到惊讶。 b)be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到 如：She was surprised to find her handbag missing. 她惊奇地发现她的手提包不见了。 c)be surprised + that从句  因……而惊讶 如：I was surprised that these houses stay up for such a long time. 我很惊讶这些房子居然能撑这么久。 【典例】 1.使我们吃惊的是，彼得在考试中获得了第一名。 , Peter won first place in the exam. 2. We were all ______ at the ______ news that our team had won. A. surprising; surprised B. surprised; surprising C. surprise; surprising D. surprised; surprise 3. My parents ______ me with a big birthday party. I had no idea about it. A. surprised B. surprising C. surprise D. to surprise 【知识点13】 "Prepare to die!”shouted the genie. "准备去死吧！”妖怪大喊道。 【详解1】prepare 动词，意思为“准备；预备” 名词是preparation 常用搭配： ① prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 例句： They prepared to leave. 他们准备离开。 ② prepare sth for. 为......准备某物 例句： Students are preparing for the test. 同学们正在为考试做准备。 【详解2】die意为“死亡”，表示生命的结束，是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态；强调动作,是瞬间动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。过去式为died, 现在分词为 dying。 【拓展】 ①die 的形容词形式是dead，意为“死的”,可作表语或定语，作表语时表示状态。 例句：The ground was covered with dead flowers.地上覆盖着凋落的花. ②die的名词形式是death，意为“死亡”。 例句：His mother's death made him very sad .他母亲的去世让他非常伤心。 ③常用短语 die from 意为“由于……而死”,但一般常用于由外伤、衰老引起的死亡。 例句：The old man died from a car accident last year. 这个老人去年死于一场车祸。 die of意思同die from,但它一般指由于疾病、情感等原因引起的死亡。 例句：His grandfather died of liver cancer in 1992. 他的祖父1992年死于肝癌。 die out 意为“（家族、物种等）灭绝；绝迹”。 例句：Dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago.恐龙在六千五百万年前灭绝了。 【典例】 1. The students are busy ______ the final examination next week. A. preparing for B. preparing to C. to prepare for D. to prepare to 2. Hearing the whistle, the athletes prepared______ the race immediately. A. start B. starting C. to start D. started 3. The old man ______ a heart disease ten years ago. A. died of B. died from C. died with D. died for 4. Many workers ______ overwork in that factory during the 19th century. A. died of B. died from C. died out D. died away （一）一般过去时态的特殊疑问句 1. 特殊疑问词 +was/were + 主语+其他？ 上个周末你过得怎么样？ your last weekend? 昨天下午他们在哪里？ they yesterday afternoon? 昨天晚上谁在教室里？ in the classroom last night? 昨天你为什么迟到了？ you late yesterday? 2. 特殊疑问词 + did +主语+动词原形 +其他？ 昨天他做了什么事情？ he do yesterday? 上个周末她参观了什么地方？ she last weekend? 你和谁一起去的动物园？ you go to the zoo ? 他们什么时候到达北京的？ they arrive in Beijing? （二）一般现在时与一般过去时的区别 　　我们学习了一般现在时和一般过去时，其区别如下： 时态 谓语结构 用法及例句 标志词 一般现在时 1.am/is/are 2.动词原形或第三人称单数形式 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态,也表示客观真理、自然现象等 He is a student. 他是一名学生。 I often get up at six in the morning. 我经常在早上六点钟起床。 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day/ year/..., on Sundays 等 一般过去时 动词的过去式 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态　 How was your school trip? 你的学校旅行怎么样？ She visited her uncle yesterday. 昨天她看望了她的叔叔。 yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/year /..., ...ago, once upon a time等 语法巩固练习 一、单项选择。 1. My father usually ______ newspapers after dinner, but yesterday he ______ TV instead. A. reads; watched B. read; watched C. reads; watch D. read; watches 2. ______ your sister often ______ to music on weekends? A. Did; listen B. Does; listen C. Do; listens D. Is; listening 3. The earth ______ around the sun, and scientists ______ this fact hundreds of years ago. A. goes; proved B. went; prove C. goes; prove D. went; proved 4. I ______ born in a small village, but now I ______ in a big city. A. am; live B. was; live C. were; lives D. was; lives 5. She ______ to school by bus every day, but this morning she ______ there on foot because she missed the bus. A. goes; go B. went; goes C. go; went D. goes; went 6. ______ there any milk in the fridge now? —No, but there ______ some this morning. A. Is; was B. Was; is C. Are; were D. Were; are 7. Tom ______ his homework last night because he wanted to play computer games. A. doesn't do B. wasn't do C. didn't do D. don't do 8. The little girl ______ English very well when she was only five. A. speaks B. spoke C. speak D. is speaking 9. My parents ______ in Beijing. They ______ there ten years ago. A. live; moved B. lived; move C. lives; moved D. live; move 10. —______ you ______ the film last Sunday? —Yes, I ______. It was wonderful. A. Do; saw; do B. Do; see; do C. Did; saw; did D. Did; see; did 二、填空题。 1. Look! The boy ______ (play) basketball over there. He ______ (play) it every afternoon. 2. My grandmother ______ (tell) me an interesting story yesterday evening. 3. My brother ______ (not like) vegetables when he was young, but now he ______ (love) them. 4. There ______ (be) a meeting in the hall tomorrow morning, but there ______ (be) one yesterday afternoon. 5. Last summer, we ______ (go) to the beach and ______ (swim) in the sea. It ______ (be) great fun! 1、 单元写作主题 主题：讲述故事与分享感悟（Telling Stories and Sharing Lessons） 核心问题：Why do we tell stories?（我们为什么要讲故事？） 写作类型：记叙文 / 故事复述 / 寓言改写 —— 讲述一个经典故事或自创故事，并点明寓意 单元写作任务： 1. 运用一般过去时叙述故事情节（描述已发生的动作与事件） 2. 运用一般现在时描述故事评价、人物性格或普遍真理 3. 掌握故事叙述的时间顺序：开端 → 发展 → 高潮 → 结局 4. 表达故事的寓意（moral）或个人感悟 5. 掌握故事开头（Once upon a time...）与结尾（...lived happily ever after）的经典表达 2、 写作思路提示 开端：交代时间、地点、人物 Once upon a time..., Long long ago..., There was/were... 发展：介绍冲突/问题，人物行动 One day..., Suddenly..., Then..., After that... 高潮：故事最紧张/最关键的时刻 Just then..., At that moment..., Luckily..., Unfortunately... 结局：问题解决，人物命运 Finally..., In the end..., From then on... 寓意：点明道理，联系现实 The moral is..., This story teaches us..., I learn that... Step 1：选定故事 经典童话：《丑小鸭》《皇帝的新装》《狮子与老鼠》 中国寓言：《塞翁失马》《龟兔赛跑》《亡羊补牢》 自创故事：动物故事、校园故事、家庭故事 Step 2：梳理情节 按时间轴整理关键事件： 开头：谁？在哪里？怎么样？ 经过：发生了什么意外/冲突？人物做了什么？ 高潮：最关键的一幕是什么？ 结局：结果如何？ Step 3：时态分配 一般过去时：叙述故事情节（Once upon a time, there was a... He went... They saw...） 一般现在时：评价故事、表达观点（I think this story is... It teaches us...） Step 4：提炼寓意 思考：这个故事告诉我们什么道理？ 诚实的重要性（honesty） 不要以貌取人（don't judge by appearance） 善有善报（kindness is never wasted） 世事难料（you never know） 三、佳句积累 【开头段】 1.Once upon a time, there was a little duckling who looked different from his brothers and sisters. 从前，有一只小鸭子，他看起来和兄弟姐妹们不一样。 2.Long long ago, there lived an old farmer near the mountains. 很久很久以前，在山附近住着一位老农夫。 3.In a beautiful forest, there was a strong lion. He was the king of all the animals. 在一片美丽的森林里，有一头强壮的狮子。他是所有动物之王。 4.There was an emperor who loved new clothes more than anything else. 有一位皇帝，他最爱新衣服胜过一切。 5.My favourite story is "The Tortoise and the Hare". It is an old but meaningful story. 我最喜欢的故事是《龟兔赛跑》。这是一个古老但有意义的故事。 【中间段】 1.One day, something unexpected happened. A hunter caught the lion in a big net. 一天，意想不到的事情发生了。一个猎人用一张大网抓住了狮子。 2.The mouse cried, "Please let me go! One day I will help you!" 老鼠喊道："请放了我吧！总有一天我会帮助你的！" 3.The poor duckling felt very sad because everyone laughed at him. 可怜的小鸭子感到非常难过，因为每个人都嘲笑他。 4.Later, the farmer's horse came back with seven other horses. 后来，农夫的马带着另外七匹马回来了。 5.Suddenly, a little boy shouted, "Look! The emperor has no clothes on!" 突然，一个小男孩大喊："看！皇帝什么也没穿！" 6.The mouse bit through the net with his sharp teeth and set the lion free. 老鼠用它锋利的牙齿咬破了网，把狮子放了出来。 7.The hare ran very fast, but the tortoise kept walking slowly without stopping. 兔子跑得很快，但乌龟不停地慢慢走着。 8.Some days later, the ugly duckling came to a lake and saw three beautiful swans. 几天后，丑小鸭来到一个湖边，看见三只美丽的天鹅。 【结尾段】 1.Finally, the duckling became a beautiful swan and lived happily ever after. 最后，小鸭子变成了一只美丽的天鹅，从此幸福地生活着。 2.This story teaches us that kindness is never wasted. 这个故事告诉我们：善有善报。 3.The moral of the story is: We should be honest and brave enough to tell the truth. 这个故事的寓意是：我们应该诚实，并有勇气说出真相。 4.I think this story is still meaningful today because unlucky things may turn out well. 我认为这个故事至今仍有意义，因为不幸的事可能会有好的结果。 5.It is a simple story, but it makes me think about what real beauty is. 这是一个简单的故事，但它让我思考什么是真正的美。 四、句子练习 1.从前，在一个美丽的村庄里住着一位老农夫。 2.一天，农夫丢失了他的马，邻居们都说他很倒霉。 3.狮子大笑起来，然后放走了老鼠。 4.后来，一个猎人用网抓住了狮子。 5.皇帝决定向所有人展示他的新衣服。 6.街上的人们都称赞这些衣服，因为他们不想看起来很傻。 7.丑小鸭游得很好，但其他小鸭子仍然嘲笑他。 8.令他惊讶的是，他看见自己在水里是一只美丽的白天鹅。 9.这个故事告诉我们不要以貌取人。 10.我认为诚实比看起来聪明更重要。 五、写作范文 你们班级正在举办一个故事会，请在班级讲述《狮子与老鼠》的故事并表达感悟。 要求：（1）语句通顺，表达准确；（2）不少于80词。 Once upon a time, there was a strong lion in the forest. He was the king of all the animals. One day, while the lion was sleeping, a little mouse ran over his paw. The lion woke up and caught the mouse. The mouse was very afraid. He cried, "Please let me go! One day I will help you!" The lion laughed loudly. He didn't think such a small mouse could ever help him. But he let the mouse go anyway. Later, a hunter came into the forest. He set a big net and caught the lion. The lion tried to break free, but he couldn't. He roared for help. Just then, the little mouse heard him. He ran to the lion quickly and bit through the net with his sharp teeth. Finally, the lion was free! The lion said to the mouse, "Thank you so much! You saved my life!" The mouse smiled and replied, "I told you I would help you one day!" I like this story very much. It teaches us that kindness is never wasted. Even small friends can be great helpers. We should always be kind to others, no matter how weak or small they seem. 名师指导： 时态准确：全文运用一般过去时叙述故事情节（was, caught, let, ran, bit），结尾用一般现在时表达感悟（teaches, is, should be） 结构完整：按"开端—发展—高潮—结局—寓意"的经典故事结构展开 细节丰富：包含人物对话（直接引语）、情绪变化（afraid, laughed, smiled）和动作描写（bit through, roared） 主题扣题：结尾点明"善有善报"的寓意 六、实战演练 请复述《龟兔赛跑》的故事。 要点： 1.比赛开始 → 兔子领先 → 兔子睡觉 → 乌龟获胜 2.表达故事的寓意和你的感悟 注意： 1. 不得在作文中出现真实校名和考生的真实姓名。 2. 语句连贯，词数不少于80词。 The Tortoise and the Hare 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 Once upon a Time Unit 1 重点词汇 1.upon /əˈpɒn/ prep.在……之上 2.bite /baɪt/ v.（bit /bɪt/）咬；咬伤 3.net /net/ n.网；网状物 4.hunter /ˈhʌntə(r)/ n.猎人；搜寻者 5.promise /ˈprɒmɪs/ v.承诺；保证；n.承诺；诺言 6.war /wɔː(r)/ n.战争 7.neighbour /ˈneɪbə(r)/ n.邻居 8.wise /waɪz/ adj.明智的；高明的 9.emperor /ˈempərə(r)/ n.皇帝 10.lie /laɪ/ v.撒谎；n.谎言 11.pretend /prɪˈtend/ v.假装；伪装 12.official /əˈfɪʃl/ n.官员；高级职员 13.silly /ˈsɪli/ adj.愚蠢的；傻的 14.decide /dɪˈsaɪd/ v.决定 15.praise /preɪz/ v.&n.赞美；表扬 16.afraid /əˈfreɪd/ adj.害怕的；担心的 17.suddenly /ˈsʌdənli/ adv.突然地；出乎意料地 18.truth /truːθ/ n.真相；事实 19.true /truː/ adj.符合事实的；真正的 20.hate /heɪt/ v.不喜欢；厌恶；讨厌 21.king /kɪŋ/ n.君主；国王 22.artist /ˈɑːtɪst/ n.美术家；艺术家 23.quickly /ˈkwɪkli/ adv.快速地；很快 24.smile /smaɪl/ v.微笑；n.微笑；笑容 25.ugly /ˈʌɡli/ adj.丑陋的；难看的 26.duckling /ˈdʌklɪŋ/ n.小鸭子 27.real /ˈriːəl/ adj.真的；真正的 28.search /sɜːtʃ/ v.寻找；搜寻 29.hen /hen/ n.母鸡 30.hopefully /ˈhəʊpfəli/ adv.有希望地 31.purr /pɜː(r)/ v.（猫愉快时）发出呜呜声 32.lay /leɪ/ v.（laid /leɪd/）下（蛋）；放置；搁 33.swan /swɒn/ n.天鹅 34.feather /ˈfeðə(r)/ n.羽毛 35.size /saɪz/ n.尺寸；尺码 36.dislike /dɪsˈlaɪk/ v.不喜欢；厌恶；n.不喜欢（的事物）；反感 37.fisherman /ˈfɪʃəmən/ n.（pl.fishermen /ˈfɪʃəmən/）渔夫 38.fishing /ˈfɪshɪŋ/ n.钓鱼；捕鱼 39.genie /ˈdʒiːni/ n.妖怪；鬼 40.die /daɪ/ v.死亡；消失 41.someone /ˈsʌmwʌn/ pron.某人；有人 42.set /set/ v.使处于某种状况；使开始 43.rich /rɪtʃ/ adj.富有的；富含……的 44.powerful /ˈpaʊəfl/ adj.强大的；有影响力的 45.anyone /ˈeniwʌn/ pron.任何人；某个人 46.ugly /ˈʌɡli/ adj.丑陋的；难看的 47.himself /hɪmˈself/ pron.他自己,他本人 重点短语 1.once upon a time 从前；很久以前 2.make up an ending for a story编写故事的结局 3.bite through 咬穿 4.catch the mouse 抓老鼠 5.promise to do sth. 承诺去做某事 6.long (long) ago很久以前 7.come back with sth 带着某东西回来 8.join the war 参战 9.lie to sb对某人撒谎 10.pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 11.decide to do sth. 决定去做某事 12.be afraid to do sth. 害怕去做某事 13.begin/start doing sth/to do sth. 开始做某事 14.tell the truth说实话 15.at first起初；最初 16.make money赚钱 17.get out逃脱；离开  18.a picture of…一张……图画 19.all over到处；遍及 20.laugh at嘲笑 21.go away走开 22.search for寻找 23.say no to sb对某人说不 24.lay eggs 下蛋；产卵 25.look down往下看 26.to sb's surprise出乎某人的意料 27.in size and colour在大小和颜色上 28.only if只有 29.fishing net渔网 30.come out出现；盛开 31.make a promise许下诺言 32.set…free释放 33.years and years of waiting年复一年的等待 34.instead of而不是；代替 35.succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事 36.in the end最后；终究 37.take place发生 38.at the seashore在海边 重点句型 1. The emperor couldn't see anything either，but he said, “They're beautiful！” 皇帝什么也看不见，但他说：“他们很漂亮！” 2. Suddenly, a boy cried/shouted ，“Look! The emperor has no clothes on！” 突然，一个男孩喊道：“看！皇帝没穿衣服！” 3. People in the street/city praised them . They were afraid to look silly too. 街上/城里的人都称赞他们，他们也害怕自己看起来愚蠢。 4. Please tell me what you think！ 请告诉我你的想法！ 5. “We can make a lot of money by lying to the emperor.”one of the brothers said. “骗皇帝可以赚很多钱。”其中一个兄弟说道。 6. It took me months to learn how to paint a horse well. 我花了几个月的时间才学会如何画好一匹马。 7. But the other ducklings still laughed at him and told him to go away. 但是其他鸭子仍然嘲笑他，并让他走开。 8. It made the poor duckling very sad, so he decided to search for a new home. 这让可怜的小鸭子很伤心，所以他决定去寻找一个新家。 9. The duckling looked down, and to his surprise, he saw that he was a beautiful white swan too! 小鸭低下头，惊讶地发现自己也是一只美丽的白天鹅。 10. We only like animals with special skills.You are welcome here only if you can purr or lay eggs. 我们只喜欢有特殊技能的动物。只有当你能发出咕噜声或下蛋时，这里才欢迎你。 11. I believe I can find the right place for me. 我相信我能找到适合我的地方。 12. If anyone set me free, I would kill them instead of giving them anything. 如果有人释放了我，我会杀了他们，而不是给他们任何东西。 13. Would the fisherman succeed in saving himself? 渔夫能够成功自救吗？ 语言目标 掌握一般过去时态的特殊疑问句。 【知识点1】 The mouse bit through the net. 老鼠咬穿了网。 【详解】bite 作动词（过去式：bit)，意思为“咬；咬伤”；也可作可数名词，意思为“咬；（咬下的）一口” 例句：A dog bit me last week. 上周一只狗咬伤了我。 She took a bite of the meat.　她咬了一口肉。 【拓展】区分across,cross, through,over,past ①across 介词, 侧重从表面“跨过”，强调从一定范围的一边到另一边，且在物体表面上或沿着某一条线的方向而进行的动作，常与walk，run，go等词连用。 ②cross:动词，可直接在句中作谓语动词.与go across 意思一样. 例如：Go across the bridge，and you’ll find the park.= Cross the bridge , and you'll find the park. 越过这座桥，你就会找到公园。 ③through 侧重从事物内部“穿过”，表示从长形物体的一端到另一端，表示的动作是在内部空间进行的，往往指穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等。即头顶有覆盖物。 例如：He went through the forest finally .他终于走出了那遍森林。 ④over作为介词，用作“穿过、通过”时，侧重翻过障碍物（如树、墙、篱笆和山脉等）的另一侧。 例如：He jumped over the wall. 他跳过了墙。 ⑤past 介词，侧重从某物旁边经过，意思是“走过某处、经过……”;也有……的一半之意. 例如：He walked past me without saying“Hello”.=He passed me without saying "Hello". 他没打招呼就从我身边走过。 fifteen past seven七点过五分. 【典例】 1. The fierce dog suddenly ______ the thief on the leg and wouldn't let go. A. bit B. beat C. hit D. kicked 【答案】A 【解析】bit 是 bite 的过去式，意为"咬"，指用牙齿咬住；beat 意为"（连续）击打"，通常指用拳头、棍棒等反复打；hit 意为"打，击"，强调击中，通常指用手或器具击打；kicked 意为"踢"，指用脚踢。根据句子主语 dog（狗）以及"wouldn't let go"（不松口）的语境，狗是用嘴"咬"人，因此只有 bit 符合逻辑。句意：那条凶猛的狗突然咬住了小偷的腿，不肯松口。 2. Be careful when you ______ the busy street. Look both ways first. A. across B. cross C. through D. past 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查 cross 与 across 的词性区别。空格处需要谓语动词，而 across 是介词/副词，不能单独作谓语；cross 是动词，意为"横穿"，可直接作谓语。through（穿过内部）和 past（经过）语义不符。句意：横穿繁忙街道时要小心，先左右看看。 3. The river runs ______ the village, and we built a bridge ______ it last year. A. through; over B. across; through C. over; past D. past; across 【答案】A 【解析】 第一空考查 through，表示河流从村庄内部穿过（立体空间）；第二空考查 over，表示桥在河流上方横跨（不接触，越过）。across 强调从一边到另一边的平面横穿；past 表示从旁边经过，均不符合语境。句意：这条河穿村而过，去年我们在河上架了一座桥。 4.The thief climbed ______ the wall and ran ______ several gardens before the police caught him. A. across; through B. over; past C. through; over D. past; across 【答案】B 【解析】第一空考查 over，表示"越过"（从上方翻越），climb over the wall 意为"翻墙"；第二空考查 past，表示"经过"（从旁边路过），run past several gardens 意为"跑过几个花园"。across 是平面横穿；through 是从内部穿过，均不符合语境。句意：小偷翻墙而过，跑过几个花园后，才被警察抓住。 【知识点2】The mouse promised to help the lion. 老鼠承诺帮助狮子。 【详解】promise用作及物动词，意为＂许诺，承诺＂，常用于以下三种结构： promise to do sth答应做某事 promise + that从句 promise sb sth答应某人某事 例句: My teacher promised to help us. 我老师答应要帮助我们。 My aunt promised me a bike. 我姑姑答应给我买一辆自行车。 【拓展】promise还可以用作可数名词，意为＂承诺，诺言＂。 常用短语有： make a promise/promises 允诺 keep a /one’s promise 遵守诺言，信守承诺 break a /one’s promise 违背诺言 例句：Give me your promise that you’ll never be late again. 答应我你绝不再迟到了。 If you make a promise you should keep it. 如果你做出了承诺，你就应该遵守诺言。 Don’t break a promise even for one time, or people will not trust you again. 不要失信于人，哪怕只有一次，否则将没有人再相信你。 【典例】 1. My brother ______ me that he would finish his homework on time. A. wished B. hoped C. promised D. expected 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查 promise sb that...（向某人承诺/保证……）的用法。that 引导宾语从句，表示承诺的内容。hope（希望）、wish（祝愿/希望）、expect（期望）虽都可接 that 从句，但语义上只有 promise 表示"承诺、保证"。句意：我哥哥向我承诺他会按时完成作业。 2. Don't worry. I promise______ help you with your English tomorrow afternoon. A. help B. helped C. helping D. to help 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查 promise to do sth（承诺做某事）的用法。promise 后接带 to 的不定式作宾语。句意：别担心，我承诺明天下午帮你学英语。 【知识点3】 long (long) ago 很久以前 【详解】ago为副词，意为“以前”，常用于一般过去时，跟在表示时间段的表达之后。 如：I saw her a few minutes ago.几分钟前我看见她了。 【拓展】 1. 一段时间 + ago 多长时间之前(与一般过去时连用) 反义词：later 例句：We visited the Natural History Museum three days ago. 2. before + 时间点 在某个时间点之前（不一定用于过去时） 反义词：after 例句：I usually go to school before seven. 【典例】 1.—Your paintings are so great, David! When did you learn to paint? —Three years _________. A．ago B．before C．after D．later 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查 "一段时间 + ago" 的时态搭配。句中 three years ago（三年前）是一般过去时的典型标志词。 【知识点4】Two brothers came and lied to him... 兄弟两人来对他撒谎说...... 【详解】lie〔不及物动词〕意思为“撒谎”；lie to sb对某人撒谎 lie的各种含义： lie v. 躺，位于，平放 lay—lain—lying You should lie down. 你应该躺下。 His school lies in the north of the city. 他的学校位于城北。 lie v. 说谎 lied—lied—lying He often lies. 他经常说谎。 lie n. 谎言 lies(复数) He often tells lies. 他经常说谎。 【拓展】 lay v. 下蛋，放置 例句：The hens lay a lot of eggs every day. 母鸡每天下很多蛋。 Please lay the table before dinner. 饭前请摆好餐具。 【典例】 1. The book ______ open on the desk where he had left it. A. lay B. lied C. laid D. was laying 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查 lie（躺/位于） 的过去式。句意为"书摊开在他先前放的位置"，表示"平放/位于"的状态，需用不及物动词 lie，其过去式为 lay。 2. He ______ to the police about his identity and was severely punished. A. lay B. lied C. laid D. lain 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查 lie（说谎） 的过去式。句中"about his identity"（关于他的身份）提示此处意为"撒谎"，lie 作"说谎"讲时，过去式为规则变化 lied。 3. —Why is the baby crying? —Because he doesn't want to ______ on the bed. He wants his mother to hold him. A. lie B. lay C. be lain D. be lied 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查 lie（躺） 与 lay（放置） 的原形区分。want to 后接动词原形，且空格后无宾语，语义为"躺在床上"，需用不及物动词 lie。lay 是及物动词，意为"放置、下蛋"，后面必须接宾语，因此排除 B 项。C、D 项被动语态不符合语境。 【知识点5】They pretended to make the clothes.他们假装做衣服。 【详解】 pretend动词， 意思为“假装；伪装” 常用搭配： 例句：He pretended to sleep when his mother came in. 当他妈妈进来时，他假装睡觉。 She pretended to be friendly to me. 她假装对我友好。 Let's pretend that we're doctors.　咱们装扮成医生吧。 【典例】 1. When his mother came in, the boy ______ to be asleep so that he wouldn't be scolded. A. pretended B. expected C. hoped D. wished 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查 pretend to be + 形容词（假装处于某种状态）的用法。句中 to be asleep 表示"假装睡着"，只有 pretend 符合"假装"的语义。expect（期望）、hope（希望）、wish（希望/祝愿）均无此搭配和语义。句意：当他妈妈进来时，男孩假装睡着了，这样就不会被骂。 2.Don't pretend ______ my question. I know you heard me clearly. A. to understand B. understanding C. not understanding D. not to understand 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查 pretend to do sth（假装做某事）的用法。not to understand 是动词不定式的否定形式，作 pretend 的宾语。句意：别假装没听懂我的问题，我知道你听得清清楚楚。 【知识点6】...but they said, "What lovely clothes!' ......但是他们说：“多么漂亮的衣服啊！” 【详解】本句是what引导的感叹句, what用来修饰名词。 常见的结构有: What a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)！ What a beautiful girl she is! 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩啊！ What+形容词＋不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！ What good weather it is! 多好的天气啊！ What+形容词＋可数名词复数(＋主语＋谓语)！ What hard-working students they are! 他们是多么努力的学生啊！ 【拓展】how也可以引导感叹句, 用来修饰形容词或副词, 此类感叹句的结构为 “How+形容词／副词(＋主语＋谓语)！” 例句: How beautiful the girl is!这个女孩真漂亮啊！ How fast the boy is running!那个男孩跑得真快啊！ 【易错警示】 判断用what/ how的方法： 1、去掉主语、谓语和其他句子成分，看剩下来的最后一个词，如果是名词用what, 如果是形容词或副词用how. 2. 如果剩下来的词为可数名词单数，则用what a/an（元音因素前用an）,不可数名词或名词复数则不用冠词。 【典例】 1. ______ beautiful flower it is! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a 【答案】A 【解析】感叹句中，What 修饰名词。句中中心词为可数名词单数 flower，结构为 What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语！ beautiful 以辅音音素开头，用 a。 2. ______ interesting the story is! A. What an B. What C. How D. How an 【答案】C 【解析】感叹句中，How 修饰形容词或副词。句中中心词为形容词 interesting，结构为 How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 不可用 What，因为 What 后需接名词。 3. ______ delicious food it is! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a 【答案】B 【解析】中心词为不可数名词 food，结构为 What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 不可数名词前不加冠词 a/an，因此用 What 即可。 4. ______ hard-working students they are! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 【答案】A 【解析】中心词为复数名词 students，结构为 What + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 复数名词前不加冠词 a/an，因此选 What。 5. ______ fast he runs! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 【答案】C 【解析】中心词为副词 fast，修饰动词 runs，结构为 How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！ How 修饰副词，表示"多么……地"。 二、填空题 1. ______ lovely day it is! 【答案】What a 【解析】中心词为可数名词单数 day，结构为 What + a + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语！ 2. ______ cold water it is! 【答案】What 【解析】中心词为不可数名词 water，结构为 What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 不可数名词前不加 a/an。 3. ______ carefully she listens! 【答案】How 【解析】中心词为副词 carefully，修饰动词 listens，结构为 How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 4. ______ beautiful music it is! 【答案】What 【解析】中心词为不可数名词 music，结构为 What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)！ 感叹句中主语和谓语可省略。 5. ______ tall the boy is! 【答案】How 【解析】中心词为形容词 tall，结构为 How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 【知识点7】The emperor decided to show everyone his new clothes. 皇帝决定给大家看看他的新衣服。 【详解】 decide是动词，意为“决定，选定”。常见用法有： (1) decide sth.意为“决定某事”。 例句：I can’t decide anything at the moment. 现在我不能做出任何决定。 (2) decide to do sth. 意为“决定做某事”。 例句： We decide to go to Paris next month. 我们决定下个月去巴黎。 (3)decision n. 决定；抉择 make a decision (to do sth./on sth.) = decide to do sth./on sth. 做决定去做某事 【典例】 1.—What did you decide ______ for your mother's birthday? —I plan to cook a meal for her. A. buying B. to buy C. buy D. bought 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查 decide to do sth（决定做某事）的固定用法。动词 decide 后必须接带 to 的不定式作宾语，不能接动名词或动词原形。 2.It's not easy to make such an important ______. You need to think it over carefully. A. point B. description C. question D. decision 【答案】D 【解析】decision 是名词，意为"决定"，make a decision 是固定搭配，意为"做出决定"。 【知识点8】They were afraid to look silly too! 他们也害怕看起来愚蠢！ 【详解】afraid形容词，意思为 “害怕的；担心的”, 常在句中作表语，不作定语。 如：× an afraid child → √ a scared child ✓ She is afraid. 常见结构： (1) be afraid of + 名词/代词/V-ing 表示 "害怕某物/做某事可能导致的后果" 例句：He is afraid of spiders. 他害怕蜘蛛。（怕蜘蛛） She is afraid of making mistakes. 她害怕犯错误。（怕犯错的结果） (2) be afraid to do sth. 表示 “因害怕而不敢做某事本身” 例句：They were afraid to ask questions. 他们害怕问问题。（不敢提问） (3) be afraid (that) + 从句 ▸表担忧：“担心...” 例句：I'm afraid (that) it will rain tomorrow. 我担心明天会下雨。 ▸表委婉否定：“恐怕...” 例句：I'm afraid I can't agree with you. 恐怕我不能同意你的看法。 (4) 固定回答 ▸ I'm afraid so. 恐怕是的。 ▸ I'm afraid not. 恐怕不行/不是。 【典例】 1. My little sister is afraid ______ dogs. She never gets close to them. A. of B. to C. with D. for 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查 be afraid of + 名词/代词（害怕某物/某人）的用法。of 是介词，后面接名词 dogs 作宾语。句意：我妹妹害怕狗，她从不靠近它们。 2. The boy was afraid ______ his teacher because he didn't finish his homework on time. A. to see B. seeing C. of see D. saw 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查 be afraid to do sth（因害怕而不敢做某事）的用法。不定式 to see 作表语 afraid 的补足成分，表示"不敢去见"。B 项 seeing 缺少介词 of（be afraid of doing）；C 项 of 后应接动名词；D 项 saw 是过去式，不能用于此结构。句意：那个男孩不敢见老师，因为他没有按时完成作业。 3. —Will the meeting be cancelled because of the heavy rain? —______. The weather report says the rain will stop soon. A. I'm afraid so B. I'm afraid not C. I hope not D. I'm afraid 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查 I'm afraid (that)... 的省略用法。I'm afraid not 意为"恐怕不会"，用于礼貌地否定对方的猜测或提出相反的情况。根据答句后半句"天气预报说雨很快会停"，可知会议不会被取消。A 项 I'm afraid so 意为"恐怕是这样"（用于肯定坏消息）；C 项 I hope not 意为"希望不会"，语义不符；D 项 I'm afraid 后缺少内容，不完整。句意：——会议会因为大雨取消吗？——恐怕不会，天气预报说雨很快会停。 【知识点9】They started/began laughing 他们开始笑。 【详解】start作动词，意为“开始，着手，出发，启动”，start to do sth =start doing sth意为“开始做某事”。start 表“开始”之意时，可与begin互换。 如：She started playing/to play the guitar when she was six. 她六岁开始弹吉他。 start with... 以......开始 【典例】 1. The English class always ______ a five-minute dictation. A. starts with B. starts to C. starts from D. starts at 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查 start with...（以……开始）的固定搭配。句意为"英语课总是以五分钟的听写开始"。start to 后需接动词原形；start from 表示"从……（地点/时间）开始"；start at 表示"在……开始"，后常接时间点，均不符合语境。 2. It's time to ______ your homework, children. A. start do B. start doing C. start did D. start done 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查 start doing sth（开始做某事）的用法。start 后接动词时，可用 start doing sth 或 start to do sth，但不能直接接动词原形（A 项）、过去式（C 项）或过去分词（D 项）。句意：孩子们，该开始做作业了。 【知识点10】They laughed when a boy told the truth. 当一个男孩说实话时，他们大笑。 【详解】truth名词，意思为 “真相；事实”，常与定冠词 the连用，tell the truth 说实话 face the truth 面对现实 例句：Please tell the truth. 请说实话。 【拓展】 ①true 形容词，意思为 “符合事实的；真正的” 例句： Is the story true? 这个故事是真的吗？ 常用短语：come true 实现 例句：Her dream finally came true. 她的梦想终于实现了。 ②truly副词，意思为 “真正；确实；真诚地” 例句：I truly believe you. 我真心相信你。 ③truthful 形容词，意思为 “诚实的” 例句：She gave a truthful answer. 她给出了诚实的回答。 【典例】 1. All of us hope that our dreams can ______ one day. A. come out B. come on C. come true D. come in 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查 come true（实现）的词组辨析。come true 是不及物动词短语，主语通常是梦想、愿望等抽象名词，不能用于被动语态，也不能接宾语。 2. He finally told us the ______ (true) . 【答案】truth 【解析】句意：他最终告诉了我们实话。truth名词，意思为 “真相；事实”，常与定冠词 the连用，tell the truth说实话。 【知识点11】 We can make a lot of money by lying to the emperor. 我们可以通过对皇帝撒谎来赚很多钱。 【详解】“by +动词ing形式”意为“通过做某事”，常常表示方式或方法，可以用来回答how引导的特殊疑问句。 【拓展】介词by的其他常见用法： ①by + 地点，意为“靠近；在……旁边” 例句：Tom sits by the window in the classroom.汤姆坐在教室里的窗边。 ②by + 时间，意为“在……之前” 例句：Mom told him to come back home by 10:00.妈妈告诉他十点之前回到家。 ③by + 交通工具，意为“乘……” by bus/car/bike/train ④用于被动语态中，后面跟动作的执行者 ⑤by 介词，表示连续或反复,意为“(一个)接着(一个);”(一个)又(一个). one by one 一个接一个 little by little 一点一点 year by year 年复一年 step by step 一步一步 【典例】 1. You can improve your listening skills ______ English songs every day. A. by listen to B. by listening to C. with listening to D. in listening to 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查 by + doing sth（通过做某事）的用法。by 表示方式、手段，后接动名词作宾语。A 项 listen 为动词原形，缺少 to 且形式错误；C、D 项介词搭配不当。句意：你可以通过每天听英文歌来提高听力。 2. The scientist will give a speech ______ the afternoon of June 15th. A. by B. on C. in D. at 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查 by 与其他时间介词的辨析。by 表示"不迟于；到……为止"，而具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上需用介词 on。此处"the afternoon of June 15th"是具体日期的下午，故用 on。若用 by，则表示"到6月15日下午为止"，语义不通。句意：这位科学家将于6月15日下午发表演讲。 3. The bridge ______ built ______ thousands of workers in 1957. A. is; by B. was; by C. was; with D. is; for 【答案】B 【解析】 本题考查 by 在被动语态中的用法。被动语态结构为 be + 过去分词 + by + 动作执行者，表示"被……（人）"。时间状语 in 1957 标志一般过去时，主语 The bridge 为单数，be 动词用 was。句意：这座桥是1957年由数千名工人建造的。 4. The little boy traveled to Beijing ______ last summer vacation. A. by himself B. with himself C. on himself D. for himself 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查 by oneself（独自；单独）的固定搭配。by 表示"单独地"，后接反身代词。主语 The little boy 对应的反身代词为 himself。句意：那个小男孩去年暑假独自去了北京旅行。 5.—Did you get there ________ bus? —No, I took a taxi. A.at B. in C. by D. on 【答案】C 【解析】by + 交通工具，意为“乘……”，by bus 乘坐公交车。 【知识点12】 The duckling looked down, and to his surprise, he saw that he was a beautiful white swan too! 那只小鸭子低头看，出乎他的意料，他看见他也是一只美丽的白天鹅！ surprise作名词，意为“惊喜，惊奇”，如a surprise惊喜，in surprise惊奇地， to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是； 作动词，意为“使吃惊”，surprise sb使某人吃惊。 如：She gave us a big surprise. 她给了我们一个大大的惊喜。 【拓展】 （1）surprising 意为“令人惊奇的”，形容事物；surprised 意为“感到惊讶的”，形容人。（同tired /tiring，interesting/interested，scared/scaring） （2）常用搭配： a)be surprised at sth 对某事感到惊讶 如：We are surprised at his surprising success.我们对他惊人的成功感到惊讶。 b)be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到 如：She was surprised to find her handbag missing. 她惊奇地发现她的手提包不见了。 c)be surprised + that从句  因……而惊讶 如：I was surprised that these houses stay up for such a long time. 我很惊讶这些房子居然能撑这么久。 【典例】 1.使我们吃惊的是，彼得在考试中获得了第一名。 , Peter won first place in the exam. 【答案】to our surprise 【解析】本题考查的是“to one’s surprise令某人吃惊的是”。“使我们吃惊的是”翻译为to our surprise。 2. We were all ______ at the ______ news that our team had won. A. surprising; surprised B. surprised; surprising C. surprise; surprising D. surprised; surprise 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查 surprised 与 surprising 的区别。surprised（感到惊讶的）修饰人，表示人的感受；surprising（令人惊讶的）修饰物，表示事物的特征。第一空主语为 We（人），用 surprised；第二空修饰 news（物），用 surprising。句意：听到我们队获胜的惊人消息，我们都感到很惊讶。 3. My parents ______ me with a big birthday party. I had no idea about it. A. surprised B. surprising C. surprise D. to surprise 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查 surprise 作动词的用法。句中缺少谓语动词，且根据后句"I had no idea about it"（我对此一无所知）可知时态为一般过去时，因此用 surprise 的过去式 surprised，意为"使……惊讶"。B 项 surprising 是现在分词/形容词，不能单独作谓语；C 项 surprise 是动词原形，时态不符；D 项 to surprise 是不定式，不能作谓语。句意：我父母给我办了一个盛大的生日派对，让我大吃一惊，我对此毫不知情。 【知识点13】 "Prepare to die!”shouted the genie. "准备去死吧！”妖怪大喊道。 【详解1】prepare 动词，意思为“准备；预备” 名词是preparation 常用搭配： ① prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 例句： They prepared to leave. 他们准备离开。 ② prepare sth for. 为......准备某物 例句： Students are preparing for the test. 同学们正在为考试做准备。 【详解2】die意为“死亡”，表示生命的结束，是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态；强调动作,是瞬间动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。过去式为died, 现在分词为 dying。 【拓展】 ①die 的形容词形式是dead，意为“死的”,可作表语或定语，作表语时表示状态。 例句：The ground was covered with dead flowers.地上覆盖着凋落的花. ②die的名词形式是death，意为“死亡”。 例句：His mother's death made him very sad .他母亲的去世让他非常伤心。 ③常用短语 die from 意为“由于……而死”,但一般常用于由外伤、衰老引起的死亡。 例句：The old man died from a car accident last year. 这个老人去年死于一场车祸。 die of意思同die from,但它一般指由于疾病、情感等原因引起的死亡。 例句：His grandfather died of liver cancer in 1992. 他的祖父1992年死于肝癌。 die out 意为“（家族、物种等）灭绝；绝迹”。 例句：Dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago.恐龙在六千五百万年前灭绝了。 【典例】 1. The students are busy ______ the final examination next week. A. preparing for B. preparing to C. to prepare for D. to prepare to 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查 prepare for sth（为……做准备）的用法。for 引出准备的对象（the final examination）。be busy doing sth 为固定搭配，故用 preparing for。 2. Hearing the whistle, the athletes prepared______ the race immediately. A. start B. starting C. to start D. started 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查 prepare to do sth（准备去做某事）的用法。因此prepare后接to start。句意：听到哨声，运动员们立即准备起跑。 3. The old man ______ a heart disease ten years ago. A. died of B. died from C. died with D. died for 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查 die of 的用法。heart disease（心脏病）属于疾病、身体内部原因，传统语法中通常用 die of 表示死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、寒冷等内因。句意：那位老人十年前死于心脏病。 4. Many workers ______ overwork in that factory during the 19th century. A. died of B. died from C. died out D. died away 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查 die from 的用法。overwork（过度劳累）属于外部因素、不良条件或外部环境造成的死亡，通常用 die from。die out 意为"灭绝"；die away 意为"逐渐消失"，均不符合语境。句意：19世纪，那家工厂的许多工人因过度劳累而死。 （一）一般过去时态的特殊疑问句 1. 特殊疑问词 +was/were + 主语+其他？ 上个周末你过得怎么样？ How was your last weekend? 昨天下午他们在哪里？ Where were they yesterday afternoon? 昨天晚上谁在教室里？ Who was in the classroom last night? 昨天你为什么迟到了？ Why were you late yesterday? 2. 特殊疑问词 + did +主语+动词原形 +其他？ 昨天他做了什么事情？ What did he do yesterday? 上个周末她参观了什么地方？ Where did she visit last weekend? 你和谁一起去的动物园？ Who did you go to the zoo with ? 他们什么时候到达北京的？ When did they arrive in Beijing? （二）一般现在时与一般过去时的区别 　　我们学习了一般现在时和一般过去时，其区别如下： 时态 谓语结构 用法及例句 标志词 一般现在时 1.am/is/are 2.动词原形或第三人称单数形式 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态,也表示客观真理、自然现象等 He is a student. 他是一名学生。 I often get up at six in the morning. 我经常在早上六点钟起床。 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day/ year/..., on Sundays 等 一般过去时 动词的过去式 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态　 How was your school trip? 你的学校旅行怎么样？ She visited her uncle yesterday. 昨天她看望了她的叔叔。 yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/year /..., ...ago, once upon a time等 语法巩固练习 一、单项选择。 1. My father usually ______ newspapers after dinner, but yesterday he ______ TV instead. A. reads; watched B. read; watched C. reads; watch D. read; watches 【答案】A 【解析】前半句 usually（通常）是一般现在时标志，主语 My father 为第三人称单数，谓语用 reads；后半句 yesterday（昨天）是一般过去时标志，watch 的过去式为 watched。 2. ______ your sister often ______ to music on weekends? A. Did; listen B. Does; listen C. Do; listens D. Is; listening 【答案】B 【解析】often 和 on weekends 是一般现在时标志，主语 your sister 为第三人称单数，一般疑问句用助动词 Does 开头，后面动词用原形 listen。 3. The earth ______ around the sun, and scientists ______ this fact hundreds of years ago. A. goes; proved B. went; prove C. goes; prove D. went; proved 【答案】A 【解析】 "地球绕太阳转"是客观真理，用一般现在时 goes；"几百年前科学家证明了这个事实"是过去发生的动作，prove 的过去式为 proved。 4. I ______ born in a small village, but now I ______ in a big city. A. am; live B. was; live C. were; lives D. was; lives 【答案】B 【解析】"出生"是过去的事情，主语 I 搭配 be 动词过去式 was；"现在住在大城市"表示现在的状态，用一般现在时 live。 5. She ______ to school by bus every day, but this morning she ______ there on foot because she missed the bus. A. goes; go B. went; goes C. go; went D. goes; went 【答案】D 【解析】every day 是一般现在时标志，主语 She 为第三人称单数，用 goes；this morning（今天早上，动作已发生）用一般过去时，go 的过去式为 went。 6. ______ there any milk in the fridge now? —No, but there ______ some this morning. A. Is; was B. Was; is C. Are; were D. Were; are 【答案】A 【解析】问句中 now 提示用一般现在时，milk 为不可数名词，be 动词用 Is；答句中 this morning 提示用一般过去时，some 指代不可数名词 milk，be 动词用 was。 7. Tom ______ his homework last night because he wanted to play computer games. A. doesn't do B. wasn't do C. didn't do D. don't do 【答案】C 【解析】last night 是一般过去时标志，否定句结构为 didn't + 动词原形。A、D 项为一般现在时；C 项 wasn't 后不能接动词原形 do。 8. The little girl ______ English very well when she was only five. A. speaks B. spoke C. speak D. is speaking 【答案】B 【解析】when she was only five（当她只有五岁时）是过去时间状语，谓语动词用过去式，speak 的过去式为 spoke。 9. My parents ______ in Beijing. They ______ there ten years ago. A. live; moved B. lived; move C. lives; moved D. live; move 【答案】A 【解析】第一句描述现在的居住状态，用一般现在时 live；第二句 ten years ago 是一般过去时标志，move 的过去式为 moved。 10. —______ you ______ the film last Sunday? —Yes, I ______. It was wonderful. A. Do; saw; do B. Do; see; do C. Did; saw; did D. Did; see; did 【答案】D 【解析】last Sunday 是一般过去时标志，一般疑问句用 Did 开头，后面动词用原形 see；肯定回答用 Yes, I did。 二、填空题。 1. Look! The boy ______ (play) basketball over there. He ______ (play) it every afternoon. 【答案】is playing; plays 【解析】第一空 Look! 是现在进行时标志，用 is playing；第二空 every afternoon 是一般现在时标志，主语 He 为第三人称单数，用 plays。 2. My grandmother ______ (tell) me an interesting story yesterday evening. 【答案】told 【解析】yesterday evening 是一般过去时标志，tell 的过去式为不规则变化 told。 3. My brother ______ (not like) vegetables when he was young, but now he ______ (love) them. 【答案】didn't like; loves 【解析】第一空 when he was young 是一般过去时标志，否定句用 didn't like；第二空 now 是一般现在时标志，主语 he 为第三人称单数，用 loves。 4. There ______ (be) a meeting in the hall tomorrow morning, but there ______ (be) one yesterday afternoon. 【答案】will be; was 【解析】第一空 tomorrow morning 是一般将来时标志，用 will be；第二空 yesterday afternoon 是一般过去时标志，用 was。 5. Last summer, we ______ (go) to the beach and ______ (swim) in the sea. It ______ (be) great fun! 【答案】went; swam; was 【解析】Last summer 是一般过去时标志，三个动作均发生在过去。go 的过去式为 went，swim 的过去式为不规则变化 swam，be 动词用 was。 1、 单元写作主题 主题：讲述故事与分享感悟（Telling Stories and Sharing Lessons） 核心问题：Why do we tell stories?（我们为什么要讲故事？） 写作类型：记叙文 / 故事复述 / 寓言改写 —— 讲述一个经典故事或自创故事，并点明寓意 单元写作任务： 1. 运用一般过去时叙述故事情节（描述已发生的动作与事件） 2. 运用一般现在时描述故事评价、人物性格或普遍真理 3. 掌握故事叙述的时间顺序：开端 → 发展 → 高潮 → 结局 4. 表达故事的寓意（moral）或个人感悟 5. 掌握故事开头（Once upon a time...）与结尾（...lived happily ever after）的经典表达 2、 写作思路提示 开端：交代时间、地点、人物 Once upon a time..., Long long ago..., There was/were... 发展：介绍冲突/问题，人物行动 One day..., Suddenly..., Then..., After that... 高潮：故事最紧张/最关键的时刻 Just then..., At that moment..., Luckily..., Unfortunately... 结局：问题解决，人物命运 Finally..., In the end..., From then on... 寓意：点明道理，联系现实 The moral is..., This story teaches us..., I learn that... Step 1：选定故事 经典童话：《丑小鸭》《皇帝的新装》《狮子与老鼠》 中国寓言：《塞翁失马》《龟兔赛跑》《亡羊补牢》 自创故事：动物故事、校园故事、家庭故事 Step 2：梳理情节 按时间轴整理关键事件： 开头：谁？在哪里？怎么样？ 经过：发生了什么意外/冲突？人物做了什么？ 高潮：最关键的一幕是什么？ 结局：结果如何？ Step 3：时态分配 一般过去时：叙述故事情节（Once upon a time, there was a... He went... They saw...） 一般现在时：评价故事、表达观点（I think this story is... It teaches us...） Step 4：提炼寓意 思考：这个故事告诉我们什么道理？ 诚实的重要性（honesty） 不要以貌取人（don't judge by appearance） 善有善报（kindness is never wasted） 世事难料（you never know） 三、佳句积累 【开头段】 1.Once upon a time, there was a little duckling who looked different from his brothers and sisters. 从前，有一只小鸭子，他看起来和兄弟姐妹们不一样。 2.Long long ago, there lived an old farmer near the mountains. 很久很久以前，在山附近住着一位老农夫。 3.In a beautiful forest, there was a strong lion. He was the king of all the animals. 在一片美丽的森林里，有一头强壮的狮子。他是所有动物之王。 4.There was an emperor who loved new clothes more than anything else. 有一位皇帝，他最爱新衣服胜过一切。 5.My favourite story is "The Tortoise and the Hare". It is an old but meaningful story. 我最喜欢的故事是《龟兔赛跑》。这是一个古老但有意义的故事。 【中间段】 1.One day, something unexpected happened. A hunter caught the lion in a big net. 一天，意想不到的事情发生了。一个猎人用一张大网抓住了狮子。 2.The mouse cried, "Please let me go! One day I will help you!" 老鼠喊道："请放了我吧！总有一天我会帮助你的！" 3.The poor duckling felt very sad because everyone laughed at him. 可怜的小鸭子感到非常难过，因为每个人都嘲笑他。 4.Later, the farmer's horse came back with seven other horses. 后来，农夫的马带着另外七匹马回来了。 5.Suddenly, a little boy shouted, "Look! The emperor has no clothes on!" 突然，一个小男孩大喊："看！皇帝什么也没穿！" 6.The mouse bit through the net with his sharp teeth and set the lion free. 老鼠用它锋利的牙齿咬破了网，把狮子放了出来。 7.The hare ran very fast, but the tortoise kept walking slowly without stopping. 兔子跑得很快，但乌龟不停地慢慢走着。 8.Some days later, the ugly duckling came to a lake and saw three beautiful swans. 几天后，丑小鸭来到一个湖边，看见三只美丽的天鹅。 【结尾段】 1.Finally, the duckling became a beautiful swan and lived happily ever after. 最后，小鸭子变成了一只美丽的天鹅，从此幸福地生活着。 2.This story teaches us that kindness is never wasted. 这个故事告诉我们：善有善报。 3.The moral of the story is: We should be honest and brave enough to tell the truth. 这个故事的寓意是：我们应该诚实，并有勇气说出真相。 4.I think this story is still meaningful today because unlucky things may turn out well. 我认为这个故事至今仍有意义，因为不幸的事可能会有好的结果。 5.It is a simple story, but it makes me think about what real beauty is. 这是一个简单的故事，但它让我思考什么是真正的美。 四、句子练习 1.从前，在一个美丽的村庄里住着一位老农夫。 2.一天，农夫丢失了他的马，邻居们都说他很倒霉。 3.狮子大笑起来，然后放走了老鼠。 4.后来，一个猎人用网抓住了狮子。 5.皇帝决定向所有人展示他的新衣服。 6.街上的人们都称赞这些衣服，因为他们不想看起来很傻。 7.丑小鸭游得很好，但其他小鸭子仍然嘲笑他。 8.令他惊讶的是，他看见自己在水里是一只美丽的白天鹅。 9.这个故事告诉我们不要以貌取人。 10.我认为诚实比看起来聪明更重要。 【答案】1.Once upon a time, there was an old farmer in a beautiful village. 2.One day, the farmer lost his horse, and his neighbours said he was unlucky. 3.The lion laughed and let the mouse go. 4.Later, a hunter caught the lion in a net. 5.The emperor decided to show everyone his new clothes. 6.People in the street praised the clothes because they didn't want to look silly. 7.The ugly duckling swam well, but the other ducklings still laughed at him. 8.To his surprise, he saw that he was a beautiful white swan in the water. 9.This story teaches us not to judge people by their appearance. 10.I think honesty is more important than looking clever. 五、写作范文 你们班级正在举办一个故事会，请在班级讲述《狮子与老鼠》的故事并表达感悟。 要求：（1）语句通顺，表达准确；（2）不少于80词。 Once upon a time, there was a strong lion in the forest. He was the king of all the animals. One day, while the lion was sleeping, a little mouse ran over his paw. The lion woke up and caught the mouse. The mouse was very afraid. He cried, "Please let me go! One day I will help you!" The lion laughed loudly. He didn't think such a small mouse could ever help him. But he let the mouse go anyway. Later, a hunter came into the forest. He set a big net and caught the lion. The lion tried to break free, but he couldn't. He roared for help. Just then, the little mouse heard him. He ran to the lion quickly and bit through the net with his sharp teeth. Finally, the lion was free! The lion said to the mouse, "Thank you so much! You saved my life!" The mouse smiled and replied, "I told you I would help you one day!" I like this story very much. It teaches us that kindness is never wasted. Even small friends can be great helpers. We should always be kind to others, no matter how weak or small they seem. 名师指导： 时态准确：全文运用一般过去时叙述故事情节（was, caught, let, ran, bit），结尾用一般现在时表达感悟（teaches, is, should be） 结构完整：按"开端—发展—高潮—结局—寓意"的经典故事结构展开 细节丰富：包含人物对话（直接引语）、情绪变化（afraid, laughed, smiled）和动作描写（bit through, roared） 主题扣题：结尾点明"善有善报"的寓意 六、实战演练 请复述《龟兔赛跑》的故事。 要点： 1.比赛开始 → 兔子领先 → 兔子睡觉 → 乌龟获胜 2.表达故事的寓意和你的感悟 注意： 1. 不得在作文中出现真实校名和考生的真实姓名。 2. 语句连贯，词数不少于80词。 The Tortoise and the Hare 【答案】 The Tortoise and the Hare Once upon a time, there was a proud hare and a slow tortoise. The hare always boasted about his fast running. One day, they decided to have a race. The race began. The hare ran very fast and soon left the tortoise far behind. He thought the tortoise was too slow to catch up. So he lay down under a big tree and fell asleep. Meanwhile, the tortoise kept walking slowly but never stopped. Later, the hare woke up and ran to the finish line as fast as he could. But it was too late. The tortoise was already there. The moral of the story is: Slow but steady wins the race. This story teaches us that we should not be proud or careless. If we keep working hard and never give up, we can achieve our goals in the end. 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $