专题07 阅读理解 (议论文)（天津专用）2026年高考英语二模分类汇编

专题07 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1：51．C 52．B 53．D 54．A 55．D Passage 2：51．C 52．A 53．D 54．D 55．B 主题02 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1：46．D 47．B 48．A 49．C 50．A Passage 2：51．D 52．B 53．B 54．C 55．A Passage 3：51．A 52．B 53．D 54．B 55．C Passage 4：51．C 52．A 53．D 54．C 55．B 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1：51．A 52．A 53．C 54．B 55．C Passage 2：46．A 47．B 48．C 49．B 50．C 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1：51．A 52．C 53．D 54．A 55．D 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1：51．C 52．A 53．D 54．D 55．B Passage 2：51．A 52．C 53．B 54．A 55．A 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1：51．B 52．C 53．A 54．B 55．D 主题03 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1：51．B 52．D 53．B 54．C 55．A / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （2026·天津滨海·二模）Lao Zi once said, ‌“Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.” People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth through others’ approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life. Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves? If it’s true that you can’t please all people all of the time, wouldn’t it make sense to stop trying? Unfortunately, sense often isn’t driving our behavior. For social beings who desire love and belonging, wanting to be liked, and caring about the effect we have on others, is healthy and allows us to make connections. However, where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone’s approval or not. This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and were completely dependent on others to take care of us: Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate, they are also trying to learn how the world works. We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others so, to a four-year-old, if Mommy or Daddy doesn’t like him or her, there is the danger that they will abandon them. We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approve of us, it’s being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment. As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek, your need for external validation will start to vanish, leaving you stronger, more confident, and yes, happier in your life. Imagine how much time we lose each moment we restrain our authentic selves in an effort to be liked. If we base our worth on the opinions of others, we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves, because ultimately, there is no difference. So embrace the cliché (老话) and love yourself as it’s highly doubtful that you’ll regret it. 51．What can we conclude from Lao Zi’s quotation? A．We should see through other people’s attempt to make a prisoner of us. B．We can never really please other people even if we try as hard as we can. C．We can never be truly free if taking to heart others’ opinion of us. D．We should care about other people’s view as much as they care about our own. 52．What will happen if we base our self-worth on other people’s approval? A．Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled. B．Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting. C．Our identity as social beings will be affected. D．Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced. 53．What may account for our need to be liked or approved of? A．Our desperate longing for interactions with others. B．Our understanding of the workings of the world. C．Our knowledge about the pain of abandonment. D．Our early childhood fear of being deserted. 54．What can we do when we become better able to provide ourselves with the desired approval? A．Enjoy a happier life. B．Exercise self-restraint. C．Receive more external validation. D．Strengthen our power of imagination. 55．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A．Embrace life for ourselves and for others. B．See our experiences as wealth. C．Base our worth on others’ opinions. D．Love ourselves as we are. 【答案】51．C 52．B 53．D 54．A 55．D 【导语】文章主要探讨了“取悦他人”这一心理现象，指出过度依赖他人认可会损害自我价值感，并建议人们学会自我认可。 51．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Lao Zi once said, “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.” (老子曾说：“在乎别人的想法，你将永远是他们的囚徒。”)”可知，从老子的引言中可以得出结论：如果太在意他人对我们的看法，我们就永远无法真正自由。 52．细节理解题。根据第一段中“People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth through others’ approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life. (取悦他人，或通过他人的认可来寻求自我价值，是一种徒劳且令人筋疲力尽的生活方式)”可知，如果将自我价值建立在他人的认可上，我们的生活将变得徒劳且令人疲惫。 53．细节理解题。根据第四段中“This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and were completely dependent on others to take care of us... We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approve of us, it’s being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment. (这种被喜欢的需要可以追溯到我们小时候完全依赖他人照顾的时期……我们需要明白，当我们极度渴望某人认可我们时，这是由我们内心深处那个仍然害怕被抛弃的小孩部分所驱动的)”可知，我们需要被喜欢或被认可的原因是我们童年早期对被遗弃的恐惧。 54．细节理解题。根据第五段中“As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek, your need for external validation will start to vanish, leaving you stronger, more confident, and yes, happier in your life. (当你变得更有能力为自己提供你所寻求的认可时，你对外部认可的需求将开始消失，让你变得更强大、更自信，是的，生活更幸福)”可知，当我们变得更有能力为自己提供所需的认可时，我们可以享受更幸福的生活。 55．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“So embrace the cliché (老话) and love yourself as it’s highly doubtful that you’ll regret it.(所以，拥抱这句老话，爱自己，因为你不太可能会后悔)”可知，作者在最后一段建议我们要爱自己、接纳自己。 Passage 2 （2026·天津东丽·二模）What does being “smart” mean? The 16th-century philosopher Michel de Montaigne argued that we made a big mistake in regarding book learning or formal school education as sources of our most important lessons. He famously said that we can be knowledgeable with another man’s knowledge but cannot be wise with another man’s wisdom. And wisdom — which, to Michel de Montaigne, meant living well — was the only kind of “smart”. Wisdom, Michel de Montaigne thought, was available to anyone who was prepared and able to reflect well on their experiences. Reflecting well means more than just taking account of things that have made you feel one way or another. It means understanding the most basic elements to which they can be reduced. How wonderful to realise that you were so happy when you were in Vondelpark in Amsterdam, not because you were on holiday and hundreds of kilometres from home, but because you had been around nature. A condition much easier to reproduce! Wisdom takes a little bit more, however, than an ability to reflect well. It requires being able to adjust your life to make the best use of self-knowledge, which, in turn, can take discipline. Wisdom has a lot to do with understanding the eventual gains we can harvest from short-term deprivations (匮乏) and inconveniences. One of the best lessons I’ve learnt this year is that denying my urge to check something online has led to myself being freed from the virtual world’s tight control. What does a smart person look like? I used to think it was someone you find in cafes with a complicated-sounding book in front of them. I tend, these days, to agree with Michel de Montaigne that the most certain sign of wisdom is cheerfulness. Somehow my current image of “smart” is able to include someone who often walks into poles or trips over their own feet, so long as they know how to smile about it. 51．What is Montaigne’s main point about wisdom? A．It relies on rich academic knowledge. B．It demands a high level of intelligence. C．It is gained through deep self-reflection. D．It comes from learning others’ wisdom. 52．What does “Reflecting well” primarily involve? A．Discovering root elements. B．Identifying obvious reasons. C．Recalling emotional states. D．Reproducing pleasant conditions. 53．Why does the author mention the Vondelpark experience? A．To explain how to reproduce a holiday. B．To prove the importance of travelling. C．To advise people to get close to nature. D．To show the essence of true reflection. 54．What else is important for true wisdom? A．Avoiding all forms of deprivation. B．Mastering academic knowledge. C．Seeking immediate satisfaction. D．Practicing strong self-control. 55．What is a vital quality of a smart person according to the author? A．Reading complicated books in public. B．Being optimistic about awkward moments. C．Avoiding making silly mistakes carefully. D．Showing off their rich knowledge. 【答案】51．C 52．A 53．D 54．D 55．B 【导语】本文是一篇哲理议论文。引用哲学家蒙田的观点，阐释真正的聪明不在于书本知识，而在于智慧；智慧源于深度反思、自我审视与自律自控，真正有智慧的人往往心态豁达乐观。 【解析】 51．细节理解题。根据第一段 “Wisdom…was available to anyone who was prepared and able to reflect well on their experiences” 可知，蒙田认为智慧来自深度自我反思。故选 C。 52．细节理解题。第二段 “Reflecting well means…understanding the most basic elements to which they can be reduced” 可知，深度反思主要是挖掘事情的根本原因与核心本质。故选 A。 53．推理判断题。作者举阿姆斯特丹公园的经历，是为了举例说明什么是真正有深度的反思，透过表象看清本质。故选 D。 54．推理判断题。第三段提到智慧还需要调整生活、自律，懂得克制短期欲望、耐住暂时不便，对应强大的自我约束与自控力。故选 D。 55．推理判断题。最后一段作者认为智慧最确定的标志是开朗豁达，哪怕出糗也能坦然一笑、乐观面对尴尬时刻。故选 B。 主题02 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （2026·天津东丽第一百中学·二模）Anger is one of the most intense and challenging emotions we experience. It can arise from feelings of injustice, frustration, or perceived threats to our well-being. Whether anger manifests in ourselves or in others, it has the potential to create division, escalate (升级) conflicts, and harm relationships. However, anger does not have to control us. By utilizing compassion — specifically, compassionate reframing — we can transform anger into a deeper understanding and connection. At its core, anger is a reaction to an appraisal — a mental assessment of a situation that threatens something we value. This appraisal determines the intensity: and quality of our emotional response. However, situations themselves do not contain meaning; we assign meaning to them based on our interpretations. When we react in anger, we often view events through a narrow lens, reinforcing negative emotions and rigid perspectives. Reframing is the process of consciously changing our interpretation of an event to reduce negative emotions. Compassionate reframing takes this one step further by integrating compassion — for both ourselves and others — into the way we interpret situations, helping us move away from hostility and resentment toward a mindset of unity and understanding. Compassion has the power to neutralize anger by softening our perspective. It allows us to acknowledge suffering — both our own and that of others — without immediate judgment or retaliation. We can shift our reactions from aggressive to constructive. Consider a common scenario: You are at a restaurant, and the server has not attended to your table for quite some time. A typical reaction might be: “This is ridiculous! We’ve been waiting forever. The service here is terrible!” A compassionate reframe might be: “I don’t like how long this is taking, but I know serving tables is difficult. Maybe they’re short-staffed tonight. At least I can enjoy my time with friends.” Compassionate reframing acknowledges personal discomfort while also extending understanding to the server. It prevents anger from, escalating and creates an opportunity to act with patience and kindness. Rather than reacting defensively or dismissively, we can ask ourselves: What might be causing their anger? How can I respond in a way that acknowledges their emotions without fueling hostility? Anger is an unavoidable part of life, but it does not have to dominate our reactions or relationships. By practicing compassionate reframing, we gain the ability to step back, assess situations with kindness, and respond in ways that promote peace rather than conflict. Whether in personal interactions, professional settings, or moments of frustration with strangers, compassionate reframing offers a powerful tool for transforming anger into understanding. The choice to reframe our perspective not only benefits our emotional well-being but also fosters a world where compassion leads the way in conflict resolution and human connection. 46．Which statement does the author probably agree with on anger? A．Anger should always be contained in social settings. B．Anger’s impact is greater on oneself than on others. C．Compassionate reframing is effective only in specific contexts. D．Anger is a natural response that can be positively channeled. 47．Anger often escalate conflicts due to the fact that ______ . A．people prioritize winning over resolving issues B．fixed interpretations prevent consideration of others C．anger in its nature ruins relationships D．anger is an unavoidable part of life 48．Why is compassionate reframing proposed to conduct according to the passage? A．To reduce negative emotions through a deeper understanding. B．To acknowledge suffering without judgment and development and develop sympathy. C．To rationalize one’s dissatisfaction in challenging situations. D．To minimize the potential of a conflict by controlling emotions. 49．The restaurant scenario illustrates that compassionate reframing can ______ . A．encourage beneficial dialogues instead of confrontation B．decrease the sense of self-awareness during disagreements C．shift focus from personal frustration to others’ circumstances D．validate annoyance as a justified response to the issue 50．The writer’s friend Nathan was driving suddenly another driver cut him off, nearly causing an accident. How shouldn’t he respond? A．He was such an idiot! He could have killed us both! B．I was scared. But maybe he was rushing to a hospital. C．Dangerous! Perhaps he’s a green hand and misjudged the distance. D．I’m grateful I’m safe. Everyone should be careful in the morning rush. 【答案】46．D 47．B 48．A 49．C 50．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出愤怒是常见情绪且会带来负面影响，但可通过富有同情心的重新构建思维方式，将愤怒转化为理解，促进和平解决冲突。 46．推理判断题。根据第一段中“It can arise from feelings of injustice, frustration, or perceived threats to our well-being.(它可能来自于不公平的感觉、沮丧或对我们幸福的威胁)”和“However, anger does not have to control us. By utilizing compassion — specifically, compassionate reframing — we can transform anger into a deeper understanding and connection.(然而，愤怒不一定非要控制我们。通过运用同情心——具体来说，富有同情心的重新构建思维方式——我们可以将愤怒转化为更深刻的理解和联系)”可知，愤怒是一种自然反应，并且可以被积极地引导。由此可推断，作者可能同意“愤怒是一种可以被积极引导的自然反应”这一观点。故选D项。 47．推理判断题。根据第二段中“When we react in anger, we often view events through a narrow lens, reinforcing negative emotions and rigid perspectives.(当我们愤怒地做出反应时，我们常常以狭隘的视角看待事件，强化负面情绪和僵化的观点)”可知，愤怒会强化负面情绪和僵化的观点，让人们以狭隘的视角看待事件，常常会升级冲突，因为这种固定的解读方式使人们无法考虑他人。故选B项。 48．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Reframing is the process of consciously changing our interpretation of an event to reduce negative emotions. Compassionate reframing takes this one step further by integrating compassion — for both ourselves and others — into the way we interpret situations, helping us move away from hostility and resentment toward a mindset of unity and understanding.(重新构建思维方式是有意识地改变我们对事件的解读以减少负面情绪的过程。富有同情心的重新构建思维方式更进一步，将对自己和他人的同情心融入到我们解读情况的方式中，帮助我们从敌意和怨恨转向团结和理解的心态)”可知，提出富有同情心的重新构建思维方式是为了将对自己和他人的同情心融入到我们解读情况的方式中，通过更深刻的理解来减少负面情绪。故选A项。 49．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Consider a common scenario: You are at a restaurant, and the server has not attended to your table for quite some time. A typical reaction might be: ‘This is ridiculous! We’ve been waiting forever. The service here is terrible!’ A compassionate reframe might be: ‘I don’t like how long this is taking, but I know serving tables is difficult. Maybe they’re short staffed tonight. At least I can enjoy my time with friends.’(考虑一个常见的场景：你在一家餐馆，服务员很久都没有照顾你的桌子。一个典型的反应可能是：‘这太荒谬了!我们等了好久了。这里的服务太差了!’一个富有同情心的重新构建思维方式可能是：‘我不喜欢等这么久，但我知道服务顾客很困难。也许他们今晚人手不足。至少我可以和朋友们享受时光。’)”可知，餐馆场景说明了富有同情心的重新构建思维方式可以将注意力从个人的沮丧转移到他人的处境上。故选C项。 50．推理判断题。根据第四段“Compassionate reframing acknowledges personal discomfort while also extending understanding to the server. It prevents anger from escalating and creates an opportunity to act with patience and kindness.(富有同情心的重新构建思维方式在承认个人不适的同时，也对他人表示理解。它能防止愤怒升级，并创造一个以耐心和善意行事的机会)”可知，富有同情心的重新构建思维方式能将愤怒转化为理解，避免冲突升级。A选项“He was such an idiot! He could have killed us both!(他真是个白痴!他差点害死我们两个!)”表达的是愤怒和指责，没有运用富有同情心的重新构建思维方式，不利于和平解决问题；而B选项“也许他正赶着去医院”、C选项“可能他是个新手，误判了距离”、D选项“我很感激我安全了。每个人在早高峰都应该小心”都体现了理解和包容。所以不应该像A项那样回应。故选A项。 Passage 2 （2026·天津北辰·二模）If you ask someone to guess the number of sweets in a glass, the chance of guessing correctly is low. But if you ask many people to take guesses, something odd happens. Even though their individual answers differ greatly, the average of their varied guesses tends to be surprisingly accurate. This phenomenon is called “wisdom of the crowd”. Examples of this range from counting beans in a glass to guessing the weight of an elephant. However, these examples are somewhat artificial, because they involve decisions that are made in a social vacuum (社会真空). But in reality, people see what others around them are doing or intend to do. We actively seek out what others are saying, and we have a natural tendency to follow successful individuals. So what happens to the wisdom of the crowd when the crowd talk to one another? Andrew King from the Royal Veterinary College conducted a study with 82 participants guessing the number of sweets in a glass. Without extra information, the crowd’s median (中间值的) guess (751) nearly matched the actual number (752). However, when different groups were informed about previous random guesses, their median guesses ranged from 882 to 1109. King compares this effect to real-world situations where people collectively drive prices far above their true value and create economic bubbles (经济泡沫). Is the crowd bound to fall into groupthink? Not quite. King found a way to restore accuracy. When participants were given the current best estimate, the median improved to 795. This mirrors what happens in real life. The crowd may be a social beast, but it doesn’t follow blindly. Certain individuals have dominant influence, and groups of soldiers, employees, players and even animals often rely on leaders or experts when making decisions. But King’s study still reflects an artificial situation, because he could provide the crowd with the closest guess. Real crowds rarely have that luxury. If anything, this study simply highlights how important it is to choose whom we follow. If we pick poorly, our decisions are worse. If we pick well, we perform better. Maybe the real trick to using the wisdom of the crowd is to recognize the most knowledgeable individuals. 51．What does “wisdom of the crowd” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The explanation for people’s being fond of making guesses. B．The phenomenon of people following others’ decisions. C．The process of averaging varied guesses out in a meaningful way. D．The tendency for group average guesses to be surprisingly accurate. 52．What is the situation of a social vacuum like? A．People share resources with each other. B．People are cut off from others’ opinions. C．People are guided by successful individuals. D．People discuss their ideas freely with others. 53．What happened to participants after knowing previous random guesses? A．Their guesses became more random. B．They overestimated the number of sweets. C．They became more cautious about their own guesses. D．Their responses showed great variation from each other. 54．What can be inferred from Andrew King’s study about the “wisdom of the crowd”? A．Groupthink is unavoidable once the crowd is exposed to others’ guesses ahead of time. B．The median guess is more reliable than the average guess in economic bubble situations. C．Offering the best estimate to the crowd can help correct the influence of misleading information. D．The crowd’s guesses are always more accurate when members communicate as freely as possible. 55．What does the author think of the real-world effectiveness of “wisdom of the crowd”? A．It is dependent on the context. B．It can always achieve good outcomes. C．It is useless without external intervention. D．It works better in large groups than in small groups. 【答案】51．D 52．B 53．B 54．C 55．A 【导语】本文介绍“群体智慧”现象，说明其在实际场景中受交流影响，提供最佳估算可纠正偏差，强调选择正确参考对象对其效果的重要性。 51．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Even though their individual answers differ greatly, the average of their varied guesses tends to be surprisingly accurate. This phenomenon is called “wisdom of the crowd”.(尽管每个人的答案差异很大，但众人五花八门猜测的平均值往往惊人地准确。这种现象被称为“群体智慧”。)” 可知，“群体智慧”指群体猜测平均值往往出奇准确的趋势。 52．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, these examples are somewhat artificial, because they involve decisions that are made in a social vacuum (社会真空). But in reality, people see what others around them are doing or intend to do.(这些例子有些人为刻意，因为它们的决策处于社会真空状态。但现实中人们会观察身边人的做法与想法。)”可知，社会真空状态下人们无法获知他人观点、彼此隔绝。 53．细节理解题。根据第三段“Andrew King from the Royal Veterinary College conducted a study with 82 participants guessing the number of sweets in a glass.Without extra information, the crowd’s median (中间值的) guess (751) nearly matched the actual number (752). However, when different groups were informed about previous random guesses, their median guesses ranged from 882 to 1109.(来自英国皇家兽医学院的安德鲁・金开展了一项研究，共有 82 名参与者参与猜测玻璃杯里糖果的数量。无额外信息时群体中间值751与实际752几乎一致。但获知他人随机猜测后，各组中间值在882至1109之间。)” 可知，在获知他人随机猜测后，参与者高估了糖果数量。 54．推理判断题。根据第四段“When participants were given the current best estimate, the median improved to 795.(当给到参与者当前最佳估算值时，猜测中间值改善到了795。)”可知，向群体提供最佳估值，有助于纠正误导信息带来的负面影响。 55．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If anything, this study simply highlights how important it is to choose whom we follow. If we pick poorly, our decisions are worse. If we pick well, we perform better.(如果非要说的话，这项研究只是着重强调了选择追随对象的重要性。若是择人不善，我们的决策就会更糟糕；若是选对对象，我们的表现则会更加出色。)”可知，现实中群体智慧是否有效取决于所处情境与选择的参考对象。 Passage 3 （2026·天津红桥·二模）Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data. The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions. “The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original. It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “We need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller. Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says. Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says. Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says. The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to, although they would still have to actually read them. 51．What does the phrase “meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to? A．Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to. B．Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites. C．Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly. D．Insignificant data collected by social media firms. 52．It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______. A．social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark scheme B．people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they think C．a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale D．the kitemark would help companies develop their business models 53．Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______. A．their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old B．the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand C．the information they collected could become more valuable in future D．it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of 54．The writer advises users of social media to _______. A．think carefully before posting anything onto such websites B．read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemark C．take no further action if they can find a kitemark D．avoid providing too much personal information 55．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Say no to social media? B．New security rules in operation? C．Accept without reading? D．Administration matters! 【答案】51．A 52．B 53．D 54．B 55．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。当我们在社交媒体上注册登记的时候，总会签署一些无意义的法律合同，文章就此现象展开了讨论，并列举了多人的不同观点。 51．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions. (英国下议院科学技术委员会上周发布的报告指责公司让人们签署长期难以理解的法律合同，并呼吁使用国际标准或认证标记来识别那些有明确条款和条件的网站)”可知，很多社交媒体公司和用户签订了难以理解的法律合同，而这些合同是没有意义的废话，所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出第1和第3段中的meaningless drivel指的是“社交媒体公司让人们签署的法律合同”。故选A项。 52．推理判断题。根据第五段“Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says. (我们还会再注意认证标记吗？英国南安普敦大学研究开放数据的Nigel Shadbolt说：“我认为，如果你去做这项调查，人们会认为他们会去做。”“我们确实知道人们非常担心他们的信息被不当使用。”但他说，在实践中会发生什么是另一回事)”可知，第五段中Nigel Shadbolt提到，调查中人们“自认为会关注认证标记”，但实际行为可能不同，他质疑的是“人们是否会像自己认为的那样重视标记”。故选B项。 53．细节理解题。根据第六段“Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says. (其他机构，如银行，会要求客户签署他们可能不会读或理解的长期合同，但Miller认为，社交媒体需要特别关注，因为它是太新了。他说：“我们仍然不知道孩子们在社交媒体上放的不明智的东西会产生多大的长期影响，而20年后这些东西又会回来伤害到他们。”)”可知，第六段Miller指出，社交媒体是新兴事物，其长期影响（如青少年发布的内容多年后可能引发的后果）尚未可知，所以Andrew Miller认为社交媒体比银行需要更多的关注，主要是因为用户的数据将如何被利用仍然是个未知数。故选D项。 54．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to, although they would still have to actually read them. (如果管理得当，条款和条件的认证标记可以帮助人们知道他们到底在注册什么，尽管他们仍然需要实际阅读它们)”可知，作者建议社交媒体用户阅读条款和条件，即使有一个认证标记。故选B项。 55．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，现在的网站中或者社交媒体软件中，我们在注册用户名或安装的时候，总会有一些合同或条约让我们签署。很多人从来都没有详细阅读这些合同条款就签名了。文章就此话题展开讨论，作者提出我们应该仔细阅读条款内容，然后再签名。所以C项“Accept without reading? (未阅读就接受？)”为文章最佳标题。故选C项。 Passage 4 （2026·天津部分区·二模）What does being “smart” mean? The 16th-century philosopher Michel de Montaigne argued that we made a big mistake in regarding book learning or formal school education as sources of our most important lessons. He famously said that we can be knowledgeable with another man’s knowledge but cannot be wise with another man’s wisdom. And wisdom — which, to Michel de Montaigne, meant living well — was the only kind of “smart”. Wisdom, Michel de Montaigne thought, was available to anyone who was prepared and able to reflect well on their experiences. Reflecting well means more than just taking account of things that have made you feel one way or another. It means understanding the most basic elements to which they can be reduced. How wonderful to realise that you were so happy when you were in Vondelpark in Amsterdam, not because you were on holiday and hundreds of kilometres from home, but because you had been around nature. A condition much easier to reproduce! Wisdom takes a little bit more, however, than an ability to reflect well. It requires being able to adjust your life to make the best use of self-knowledge, which, in turn, can take discipline. Wisdom has a lot to do with understanding the eventual gains we can harvest from short-term deprivations (匮乏) and inconveniences. One of the best lessons I’ve learnt this year is that denying my urge to check something online has led to myself being freed from the virtual world’s tight control. What does a smart person look like? I used to think it was someone you find in cafes with a complicated-sounding book in front of them. I tend, these days, to agree with Michel de Montaigne that the most certain sign of wisdom is cheerfulness. Somehow my current image of “smart” is able to include someone who often walks into poles or trips over their own feet, so long as they know how to smile about it. 51．Which idea might Michel de Montaigne have criticised? A．We cannot learn others’ wisdom. B．Knowledge can be shared between individuals. C．Schools are the most important places for study. D．We may not become smart through formal education. 52．What does the author try to tell the readers by mentioning Vondelpark? A．Less is more. B．Life is only a journey. C．Nature is our best teacher. D．Travelling makes us happy. 53．What does the author say about wisdom in Para. 3? A．It requires little self-discipline. B．It equals the ability to reflect well. C．It is about adjusting one’s life to acquire knowledge. D．It is about keeping a balance between gains and losses. 54．What does the author talk about in the last paragraph? A．Montaigne’s conception of wisdom. B．Different approaches to wisdom. C．His image of a smart person. D．Definition of being cheerful. 55．What would be the best title of the passage? A．The Importance of Book Learning B．Wisdom: The Perception of “Smart” C．The Reflections on Life in Vondelpark D．Michel de Montaigne: A Great Philosopher 【答案】51．C 52．A 53．D 54．C 55．B 【导语】文章主要探讨了“智慧”的定义及智慧的获得，强调了智慧的重要性。 51．推理判断题。根据第一段“The 16th-century philosopher Michel de Montaigne argued that we made a big mistake in regarding book learning or formal school education as sources of our most important lessons.(16世纪哲学家米歇尔·德·蒙田认为，我们把书本学习或正规学校教育视为我们最重要课程的来源，这是一个巨大的错误)”可知，米歇尔·德·蒙田可能批评学校是最重要的学习场所这种观点。 52．推理判断题。根据第二段“How wonderful to realise that you were so happy when you were in Vondelpark in Amsterdam, not because you were on holiday and hundreds of kilometres from home, but because you had been around nature. A condition much easier to reproduce!(多么美妙啊，当你意识到你在阿姆斯特丹的冯得尔公园时是那么快乐，不是因为你在度假，离家数百公里，而是因为你置身于大自然之中。这种情况更容易再现)”可知，作者提到冯得尔公园是想告诉读者“少即是多”，即快乐源于简单、自然的事物，而非复杂的外部条件。 53．细节理解题。根据第三段“Wisdom has a lot to do with understanding the eventual gains we can harvest from short-term deprivations (匮乏) and inconveniences.(智慧与理解我们能够从短期的匮乏和不便中获得的最终收益有很大关系)”可知，作者认为智慧是关于在得失之间保持平衡。 54．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“What does a smart person look like?(一个聪明的人是什么样的)”以及“I tend, these days, to agree with Michel de Montaigne that the most certain sign of wisdom is cheerfulness.(如今，我倾向于同意米歇尔·德·蒙田的观点，即智慧最确定的标志是快乐)”可知，作者在最后一段谈论了他心目中聪明人的形象。 55．主旨大意题。文章主要探讨了“智慧”的定义，以及智慧的获得，并强调了智慧的重要性，因此B选项“智慧：‘聪明’的认知”最符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （2026·天津和平·二模）In an increasingly individualistic world, the act of giving — whether time, resources, or skills — serves as a powerful antidote to societal isolation. Engaging in charity activities fosters deeper human connections, enhances interpersonal relationships, and profoundly influences individuals’ mental and emotional well-being. This essay explores the multifaceted benefits of altruism (利他主义), emphasizing its role in nurturing community bonds and promoting individual fulfillment. At the core of voluntary engagement lies the natural human desire for connection. Participating in community service or charitable initiatives cultivates a sense of belonging, linking individuals with like-minded peers who share similar values and commitments. These shared experiences often lead to the formation of lasting friendships and networks, as individuals unite under a common purpose. For instance, volunteering at a local shelter not only addresses immediate community needs but also offers participants an opportunity to connect on a personal level, thus reinforcing social ties that might otherwise remain superficial. Moreover, altruism has been shown to contribute significantly to an individual’s mental health. Engaging in acts of kindness triggers the release of endorphins (内啡肽), the so-called “helper’s high,” which can enhance mood and promote feelings of happiness. Research by the Journal of Happiness Studies indicates that individuals who engage in regular volunteer work experience lower rates of depression and anxiety, leading to an overall improvement in life satisfaction. This psychological uplift extends beyond the individual, as happy people are more likely to engage positively in their communities, creating a positive cycle of altruism and well-being. Furthermore, acts of kindness cultivate empathy and inner strength, attributes essential for enduring human relationships. By actively engaging with diverse communities and understanding the struggles faced by others, individuals reinforce their capacity for compassion. This deepened empathy not only enhances interpersonal dynamics but also fosters a more inclusive and understanding society. Additionally, the experiences drawn from voluntary activity often encourage reflection and personal growth, helping individuals develop coping mechanisms and emotional perseverance. In conclusion, the benefits of goodwill extend far beyond the immediate impact of charitable acts. By fostering interpersonal connections and enhancing emotional well-being, acts of giving play a crucial role in building stronger, more resilient communities. In a world increasingly characterized by isolation and detachment, the embrace of altruism presents a powerful solution to reinvigorate (使…焕新) human connections and improve individual mental health. The cultivation of a giving spirit enriches not only the lives of those we help but also our own, creating a more compassionate and harmonious society. By choosing to engage in giving, we can transform not only our lives but also the fabric of our communities. 51．What does the word “antidote” most probably mean in Paragraph 1? A．An effective solution. B．A harmful result. C．A social trend. D．A mental disease. 52．According to the passage, which is an immediate and direct result of engaging in acts of kindness? A．The release of endorphins that improve mood. B．The significant improvement of social fairness. C．The building of lasting friendships and social networks. D．The cultivation of empathy and emotional resilience. 53．What is the main idea of the essay? A．Individualism is the root cause of societal problems. B．Altruism is the only solution to mental health issues. C．Giving behavior benefit individuals and communities in many ways. D．Modern society is becoming more and more individualistic and isolated. 54．How is the passage mainly organized? A．By presenting a problem and then offering several solutions. B．By stating a claim and supporting it with three arguments. C．By comparing different views on the value of acts of kindness. D．By listing historical examples to explain altruistic behavior. 55．Based on the essay, what can be inferred from the passage? A．People without extra money are not able to participate in charity effectively. B．Social isolation in modern society is mainly caused by lack of charity. C．Being kind would have significant impact on health. D．Being kind can remove depression and anxiety. 【答案】51．A 52．A 53．C 54．B 55．C 【导语】文章主要讲述了利他主义行为在多个方面对个人和社区的益处。 51．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“In an increasingly individualistic world, the act of giving — whether time, resources, or skills — serves as a powerful antidote to societal isolation.(在一个日益个人主义的世界里，给予的行为——无论是时间、资源还是技能——都是对抗社会孤立的antidote。)”可知，在日益个人主义的世界里，给予的行为是对抗社会孤立的有力解药，由此可推测出antidote意为“有效的解决办法”。 52．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Engaging in acts of kindness triggers the release of endorphins (内啡肽), the so-called “helper’s high,” which can enhance mood and promote feelings of happiness.(行善会触发内啡肽的释放，即所谓的“助人高潮”，这可以改善情绪，促进幸福感。)”可知，行善会触发内啡肽的释放，从而改善情绪，这是行善的直接和即时结果。 53．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“This essay explores the multifaceted benefits of altruism (利他主义), emphasizing its role in nurturing community bonds and promoting individual fulfillment.(本文探讨了利他主义的多方面益处，强调了其在培养社区纽带和促进个人成就感方面的作用。)”可知，本文主要讲述了利他主义行为在多个方面对个人和社区的益处。 54．推理判断题。根据第一段中“This essay explores the multifaceted benefits of altruism (利他主义), emphasizing its role in nurturing community bonds and promoting individual fulfillment.(本文探讨了利他主义的多方面益处，强调了其在培养社区纽带和促进个人成就感方面的作用。)”以及第二段的首句“At the core of voluntary engagement lies the natural human desire for connection.(自愿参与的核心是人类对联系的自然渴望。)”、第三段的首句“Moreover, altruism has been shown to contribute significantly to an individual’s mental health.(此外，利他主义已被证明对个人的心理健康有显著贡献。)”、“Furthermore, acts of kindness cultivate empathy and inner strength, attributes essential for enduring human relationships.(此外，善举培养同理心和内在力量，这是维持人际关系所必需的特质。)”可知，文章先提出一个论点，即利他主义在培养社区纽带和促进个人成就感方面起着重要作用，然后用三个论据来支持这一论点，分别是自愿参与的核心是人类对联系的自然渴望、利他主义对个人的心理健康有显著贡献、善举培养同理心和内在力量。 55．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Engaging in acts of kindness triggers the release of endorphins (内啡肽), the so-called “helper’s high,” which can enhance mood and promote feelings of happiness. Research by the Journal of Happiness Studies indicates that individuals who engage in regular volunteer work experience lower rates of depression and anxiety, leading to an overall improvement in life satisfaction.(行善会触发内啡肽的释放，即所谓的“助人高潮”，这可以改善情绪，促进幸福感。《幸福研究杂志》的研究表明，经常参加志愿工作的人患抑郁症和焦虑症的几率较低，从而全面提高了生活满意度。)”可知，行善可以触发内啡肽的释放，改善情绪，促进幸福感，经常参加志愿工作的人患抑郁症和焦虑症的几率较低，由此可推测出，善良对健康有显著影响。 Passage 2 （2026·天津滨海·二模）Social media can be a powerful communication tool for employees, helping them to collaborate, share ideas and solve problems. Research has shown that 82% of employees think social media can improve work relationships and 60% believe it can support decision-making processes. These beliefs contribute to a majority of workers connecting with colleagues on social media, even during work hours. Employers typically worry that social media is a productivity killer; more than half of U.S. employers reportedly block access to social media at work. In my research with 277employees of a healthcare organization I found these concerns to be misguided. Social media doesn’t reduce productivity nearly as much as it kills employee retention (保留). In the first part of the study, I surveyed the employees about why and how they used platforms like Facebook, Twitter, or LinkedIn. Respondents were then asked about their work behaviors, including whether they felt motivated in their jobs and showed initiative at work. I found employees who engage in online social interactions with co-workers through social media blogs tend to be more motivated and come up with innovative ideas. But when employees interact with individuals outside the organization, they are less motivated and show less initiative. In the second part of the study, I found 76% of employees using social media for work took an interest in other organizations they found on social media. When I examined how respondents express to new careers and employers, I found that they engaged in some key activities including researching new organizations and making new work connection. These findings present a dilemma for managers: employees using social media at work are more engaged and more productive, but they are also more likely to leave your company. Managers should implement solutions that neutralize the retention risk caused by social media. They can create social media groups in which employees will be more likely to collaborate and less likely to share withdrawal intentions or discussions about external job opportunities. Managers can also use social media to directly reduce turnover (跳槽) intentions, by recognizing employees’ accomplishments and giving visibility to employees’ success stories? 46．What does previous research about social media reveal? A．Most employees think positively of it. B．It improves employees’ work efficiency. C．It enables employees to form connections. D．Employees spend much of their work time on it. 47．What did the author’s own research find about social media? A．It influences employees’ work negatively. B．It does much harm to employee loyalty. C．It kills employees’ motivation for work. D．It affects employers’ decision-making. 48．What did the author find in his study about the effect of online social interactions? A．It differs from employee to employee. B．It tends to vary with the platform used. C．It has much to do with whom employees interact with. D．It is hard to measure when employees interact with outsiders. 49．What problem was found with employees using social media for work? A．They seldom expressed their inner thoughts. B．Most of them explored new job opportunities. C．They were reluctant to collaborate with others. D．Many of them ended with lower productivity. 50．What does the author suggest managers do to neutralize the retention risk? A．Give promotions to employees for their accomplishments. B．Create opportunities for employees to share success stories. C．Acknowledge employees’ achievements through social media D．Encourage employees to increase their visibility on social media. 【答案】46．A 47．B 48．C 49．B 50．C 【导语】文章探讨了社交媒体在工作场所的双重影响，并基于实证研究为管理者提供建议。 46．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的句子“Research has shown that 82% of employees think social media can improve work relationships and 60% believe it can support decision-making processes.(研究表明，82%的员工认为社交媒体可以改善工作关系，60%的员工认为它可以支持决策过程。)”可知，大多数员工对社交媒体持积极态度。 47．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的句子“Social media doesn’t reduce productivity nearly as much as it kills employee retention (保留).(。社交媒体对生产力的降低作用远不如它对员工留任率的破坏作用大)”可知，作者的研究发现社交媒体对员工忠诚度危害很大。 48．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的句子“I found employees who engage in online social interactions with co-workers through social media blogs tend to be more motivated and come up with innovative ideas. But when employees interact with individuals outside the organization, they are less motivated and show less initiative.(我发现，通过社交媒体博客与同事进行在线社交互动的员工往往更有动力，能提出创新想法。但当员工与组织外的人互动时，他们的动力就会减弱，主动性也会降低。)”可知，在线社交互动的效果与员工互动的对象有关。 49．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的句子“In the second part of the study, I found 76% of employees using social media for work took an interest in other organizations they found on social media.(在研究的第二部分，我发现76%使用社交媒体工作的员工对他们在社交媒体上发现的其他组织感兴趣。)”可知，使用社交媒体工作的员工大多在探索新的工作机会。 50．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的句子“Managers can also use social media to directly reduce turnover (跳槽) intentions, by recognizing employees’ accomplishments and giving visibility to employees’ success stories.(管理者还可以通过认可员工的成就和宣传员工的成功故事，利用社交媒体直接降低员工的跳槽意愿。)”可知，作者建议管理者通过社交媒体认可员工的成就来降低离职风险。 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （2026·天津新华中学·二模）Anybody can write. I believe it as much as I believe that nobody is boring. Are people writing more? I believe so. There is a lot of writing going on. All kinds of writing — amateur writing, professional writing, creative writing, boring writing, etc. Enthusiastic reader is hardly a thing anymore. Storyteller, published author and productive blogger are words that decorate people’s bio more often. The trend of listing what one is reading has been replaced by listing self-authored articles. Reading is unavoidable. Reading generates the road map for a society’s progress. But then why write? The most substantial reason could be ease of Expression, Record, and Reach. Enabled by present-day technology, the ease of Record (digitally saved forever) and Reach (to readers anywhere in the world) are undoubtedly the more straightforward motivations to write. But ease of Expression? We perhaps partly owe that to technology too. The social shaping (e. g. messaging behaviors) caused by technology has resulted in the breakdown of structures and rules of writing to a great extent, if not entirely, thus freeing up the technique of writing like music and art. Consequently, writing in all forms (short-long), structures (words-graphics-sound), and shapes (books-blogs-posts-tweets-open letters) has appeared like a movement. Writing is a promise, It is a promise to deliver not just pleasure, information, or inspiration; it is a promise to care. Writing can be intrusive (侵扰的). It can even be rude, as Joan Didion puts it in her essay Why I Write. The readers are the victims of the writer’s thoughts and views. But that’s how writers challenge the readers to think, look around and push back. Even after we have managed to ease the disciplinary demands of good literature, it still wouldn’t take the pain away from writing because thinking is the pain point of writing. We have to make things up or think about things we see. One could be as local, raw, and not remain preoccupied with presenting a stylized piece of sentence and still find a platform to write. But let us ensure we don’t ever give up thinking and never make writing completely painless. 51．What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1? A．Writing has become more popular. B．People no longer enjoy reading books. C．Readers are uninterested in others’ reading lists. D．Listing self-authored articles is a new form of social networking. 52．How has technology influenced writing? A．It has made writing more structured and formal. B．It has strengthened the bonds between writing and art. C．It has made writing more accessible and diverse. D．It has decreased the number of professional writers. 53．What is the ultimate purpose of writing according to Joan Didion? A．To entertain and amuse readers. B．To deliver the latest information. C．To impress readers with literary skills. D．To inspire readers to form new thoughts. 54．What does the author expect of writing? A．The challenges of thinking should be valued. B．There will be various platforms to choose from. C．There will be more works focusing on pain in life. D．The disciplinary demands of good literature will stay. 55．Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? A．The relationship between reading and writing. B．The influence of technology on writing. C．The various forms and trends of modern writing. D．The reasons and nature of writing in modern society. 【答案】51．A 52．C 53．D 54．A 55．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述写作在现代社会中的变化、技术对写作的影响、写作的本质（如表达、挑战读者思考）以及作者对写作的期望（强调思考的重要性）。 51．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Anybody can write. I believe it as much as I believe that nobody is boring. Are people writing more? I believe so. There is a lot of writing going on. All kinds of writing — amateur writing, professional writing, creative writing, boring writing, etc. Enthusiastic reader is hardly a thing anymore. Storyteller, published author and productive blogger are words that decorate people’s bio more often. The trend of listing what one is reading has been replaced by listing self-authored articles.(任何人都能写作。我坚信这一点，就如同我坚信没有人是乏味的那样。人们是不是在写更多的东西呢？我认为是这样的。有大量的写作活动正在进行。各种各样的写作——业余写作、专业写作、创意写作、乏味的写作等等。热情的读者这个概念已经不复存在了。讲故事的人、已出版的作者和有产出的博主这些词汇在人们个人简介中出现的频率越来越高。列出自己正在阅读的内容这一趋势已经被列出自己创作的文章这一趋势所取代)”可知，第一段描述的是写作变得越来越流行了。故选A。 52．细节理解题。根据第二段“Enabled by present-day technology, the ease of Record (digitally saved forever) and Reach (to readers anywhere in the world) are undoubtedly the more straightforward motivations to write.(借助当今的技术，记录（以数字化形式永久保存）的便捷性以及传播（面向全球任何地方的读者）的便利性无疑成为了人们写作的更为直接的动机)”以及“Consequently, writing in all forms (short-long), structures (words-graphics-sound), and shapes (books-blogs-posts-tweets-open letters) has appeared like a movement.(因此，各种形式的写作（长短不一）、不同的结构（文字、图形、声音）以及不同的形式（书籍、博客、帖子、推文、公开信）就像一场运动一样涌现出来)”可知，技术使写作变得更加容易且更加多样化。故选C。 53．细节理解题。根据第三段“It can even be rude, as Joan Didion puts it in her essay Why I Write. The readers are the victims of the writer’s thoughts and views. But that’s how writers challenge the readers to think, look around and push back.(它甚至可能显得很粗鲁，正如琼·迪登在其《我为何写作》一文中所言。读者实际上是作者思想和观点的“受害者”。但正是这种形式让作家促使读者去思考、观察周围环境并做出回应)”可知，写作的最终目的是激励读者产生新的想法。故选D。 54．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But let us ensure we don’t ever give up thinking and never make writing completely painless.(但让我们务必确保自己永远不要停止思考，也永远不要让写作变得毫无难度)”可知，作者期望应当重视思考过程中所面临的挑战。故选A。 55．主旨大意题。根据第1段（写作流行现象）、第2段（技术影响如表达、记录和触及）、第3段（写作本质为挑战思考）和第4段（作者期望重视思考）可推知文章核心是现代社会写作的原因（如技术推动）和本质（如表达和思考），可知，D选项“现代社会中写作的原因及本质”最能概括这篇文章的主要观点。故选D。 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （2026·天津东丽·二模）What does being “smart” mean? The 16th-century philosopher Michel de Montaigne argued that we made a big mistake in regarding book learning or formal school education as sources of our most important lessons. He famously said that we can be knowledgeable with another man’s knowledge but cannot be wise with another man’s wisdom. And wisdom — which, to Michel de Montaigne, meant living well — was the only kind of “smart”. Wisdom, Michel de Montaigne thought, was available to anyone who was prepared and able to reflect well on their experiences. Reflecting well means more than just taking account of things that have made you feel one way or another. It means understanding the most basic elements to which they can be reduced. How wonderful to realise that you were so happy when you were in Vondelpark in Amsterdam, not because you were on holiday and hundreds of kilometres from home, but because you had been around nature. A condition much easier to reproduce! Wisdom takes a little bit more, however, than an ability to reflect well. It requires being able to adjust your life to make the best use of self-knowledge, which, in turn, can take discipline. Wisdom has a lot to do with understanding the eventual gains we can harvest from short-term deprivations (匮乏) and inconveniences. One of the best lessons I’ve learnt this year is that denying my urge to check something online has led to myself being freed from the virtual world’s tight control. What does a smart person look like? I used to think it was someone you find in cafes with a complicated-sounding book in front of them. I tend, these days, to agree with Michel de Montaigne that the most certain sign of wisdom is cheerfulness. Somehow my current image of “smart” is able to include someone who often walks into poles or trips over their own feet, so long as they know how to smile about it. 51．What is Montaigne’s main point about wisdom? A．It relies on rich academic knowledge. B．It demands a high level of intelligence. C．It is gained through deep self-reflection. D．It comes from learning others’ wisdom. 52．What does “Reflecting well” primarily involve? A．Discovering root elements. B．Identifying obvious reasons. C．Recalling emotional states. D．Reproducing pleasant conditions. 53．Why does the author mention the Vondelpark experience? A．To explain how to reproduce a holiday. B．To prove the importance of travelling. C．To advise people to get close to nature. D．To show the essence of true reflection. 54．What else is important for true wisdom? A．Avoiding all forms of deprivation. B．Mastering academic knowledge. C．Seeking immediate satisfaction. D．Practicing strong self-control. 55．What is a vital quality of a smart person according to the author? A．Reading complicated books in public. B．Being optimistic about awkward moments. C．Avoiding making silly mistakes carefully. D．Showing off their rich knowledge. 【答案】51．C 52．A 53．D 54．D 55．B 【导语】本文是一篇哲理议论文。引用哲学家蒙田的观点，阐释真正的聪明不在于书本知识，而在于智慧；智慧源于深度反思、自我审视与自律自控，真正有智慧的人往往心态豁达乐观。 【解析】 51．细节理解题。根据第一段 “Wisdom…was available to anyone who was prepared and able to reflect well on their experiences” 可知，蒙田认为智慧来自深度自我反思。故选 C。 52．细节理解题。第二段 “Reflecting well means…understanding the most basic elements to which they can be reduced” 可知，深度反思主要是挖掘事情的根本原因与核心本质。故选 A。 53．推理判断题。作者举阿姆斯特丹公园的经历，是为了举例说明什么是真正有深度的反思，透过表象看清本质。故选 D。 54．推理判断题。第三段提到智慧还需要调整生活、自律，懂得克制短期欲望、耐住暂时不便，对应强大的自我约束与自控力。故选 D。 55．推理判断题。最后一段作者认为智慧最确定的标志是开朗豁达，哪怕出糗也能坦然一笑、乐观面对尴尬时刻。故选 B。 Passage 2 （2026·天津南开·二模）Trees take quite a while to grow. If someone 50 years ago planted a row of oaks or a chestnut tree on your land, you have something that no amount of money or effort can copy. The only way is to wait. Tree-lined roads, old gardens, and houses protected by decades of tree canopy:if you want to start fresh on an empty plot, you will not be able to get that. Because some things just take time. We know this by instinct. We pay more for Swiss watches, luxury bags, and historic houses precisely because of the time put into them -either the time spent building them or their age. We set age limits for driving, voting, and drinking because we believe maturity only comes through real-life experience. Yet we now live in a time of instant satisfaction, which affects how we develop software and run companies. Though we can speed up code writing, the key factor of a successful company or an Open-Source project lies in persistence — the ability of leaders or maintainers to stick to a problem for years, build relationships, and work through challenges that take a lifetime to solve. We tend to think all difficulties in life should be solved by automation and human involvement replaced by AI-based decisions. But often, the difficulty or the time needed is exactly the point. We have cooling-off periods for important life decisions because we know people need time to think, and doing something right once means little — commitment over time matters. AI writes code fast, but we are pushing this speed further:we want to release products faster, run more experiments, and remove all remaining frictions of reviews, designing and configuring(配置)infrastructure. Yet the software we depend on now has a short lifespan, measured in months rather than decades, as do the relationships built with customers. I’m skeptical of those who claim to save us time. AI tools seem to leave us with less time, as we fill every free moment with more tasks. Time saved is quickly taken by competition, and we can never really “save” it. I keep thinking of the trees. Maintaining Open-Source projects for nearly 20 years and working at a startup for 10 years taught me that time tums ideas into commitments, and commitments into something that can support others. Trust, quality and community can’t be created in a hurry-they take time, just like a 50-year-old oak. 51．According to the passage, which explains the value of old trees? A．They require precious time and effort for their growth. B．They are mainly found in historic gardens and sites. C．They provide samples for modern technology to copy. D．They produce excellent material for building houses. 52．What is the function of the single sentence in Paragraph 2? A．To provide a specific example. B．To introduce a novel chapter. C．To present the thesis statement. D．To list a contradictory opinion. 53．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．Automation and AI provide the best ways to solve life’s challenges. B．Dedication and perseverance involved in a process can be essential. C．People should make wise decisions to succeed in the modern world. D．Commitment over time is less important than solving tricky problems. 54．What is the author’s attitude towards the claim that AI will give us more free time? A．Skeptical. B．Favorable. C．Unconcerned. D．Confused. 55．Which of the following proverbs best summarizes the central theme presented in the passage? A．More haste, less speed. B．A stitch in time saves nine. C．Strike the iron while it is hot. D．Time and tide wait for no man. 【答案】51．A 52．C 53．B 54．A 55．A 【导语】本文以古树生长需要漫长岁月为切入点，提出核心观点：世间很多有价值的事物都无法速成，必须依靠时间沉淀与长期坚守。 51．细节理解题。根据第一段“Trees take quite a while to grow. If someone 50 years ago planted a row of oaks or a chestnut tree on your land, you have something that no amount of money or effort can copy. The only way is to wait.(树木生长需要很长时间。如果50年前有人在你的土地上种下一排橡树或一棵栗树，你就拥有了再多金钱和努力也无法复刻的东西。唯一的办法只有等待。)”可知，古树的生长需要耗费宝贵的时间与心力解释了古树的价值。 52．推理判断题。根据第二段“Because some things just take time.(有些事情本就需要时间沉淀。)”可知，这句话承接第一段古树例子，直接点明全文核心主旨，总领下文论述。由此可知，第二段独句的作用是提出中心论点。 53．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Though we can speed up code writing, the key factor of a successful company or an Open-Source project lies in persistence — the ability of leaders or maintainers to stick to a problem for years, build relationships, and work through challenges that take a lifetime to solve.(虽然我们可以加快编码速度，但一家成功的企业或开源项目，关键核心在于坚持：领导者和维护者要有数年深耕一个问题的定力，经营人脉关系，攻克那些需要穷尽一生才能解决的难题。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了过程中的投入与坚持至关重要。 54．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“I’m skeptical of those who claim to save us time. AI tools seem to leave us with less time, as we fill every free moment with more tasks. Time saved is quickly taken by competition, and we can never really “save” it.(对于那些声称能帮我们节省时间的说法，我深表怀疑。人工智能工具看似省时，实则让我们空余时间被更多任务填满。节省下来的时间很快会被竞争挤占，我们永远无法真正“留住”时间。)”可知，作者对 AI 能帮我们节省时间的说法持怀疑态度。 55．推理判断题。本文以古树生长需要漫长岁月为切入点，提出核心观点：世间很多有价值的事物都无法速成，必须依靠时间沉淀与长期坚守。由此可知，A.“More haste, less speed.(欲速则不达。)”完美契合全文主题。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （2026·天津十二区重点学校·二模）When planning my wedding, I was determined not to get caught up in the “perfect day”, but to have a relaxing, informal celebration. My husband and I ended up having a lovely time. “Pursuit of perfection is a prison,” says Moya Sarner, an NHS psychotherapist. Many of us are driven by the unconscious wish that if we could just have the perfect body, the perfect job and the perfect family, then we would be happy. For that reason, it can be one of the most significant barriers to happiness in life. The psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott wrote about the importance of the “good enough mother” who meets her baby’s needs timely, but is not perfect. He said perfect is harmful. To meet every desire immediately, to pass the toy straight away whenever it is demanded slows down a baby’s growth, robbing them of the opportunity to feel frustrated and learn to crawl to get the toy for themselves. Winnicott believed that while perfection is not a virtue, tolerance of imperfection is. If we cannot develop the capacity to tolerate imperfection in ourselves and in those around us, we can have no self-confidence, no sustainable relationships and no fulfilling career. If we’re always trying to build something called a perfect life, we aren’t really living the one we’re in. How do I know all this? I am a perfectionist in recovery. I’ve started to recognize my intolerance of imperfection — my need for certain things to be exactly as I would like them to be, from the way my husband chops his onions to my terror of being late — and it has made a huge difference to my relationship and my parenting. How can you be a good partner if you expect everyone else to fit your own narrow expectations? How can your child grow if they sense that they always need to color precisely inside the lines you’ve drawn out for them? We need to go further than tolerating imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a flawless version of the same script for less money and in less time. So for a more delicious life, and ultimately a better one, I choose imperfectionism. 51．What prevents us from obtaining happiness according to Moya Sarner? A．The lack of a perfect life. B．The pursuit of perfection. C．The unconscious wish for jobs. D．The fear of being imperfect. 52．What can we learn from the example of the “good enough mother”? A．Raising a child brings a mother much joy. B．Pursuing perfection is the duty of mothers. C．Responding instantly impacts babies’ growth. D．Meeting babies’ demands is very challenging. 53．How does the author develop her central argument? A．By citing experts’ opinions and reflecting on personal experience. B．By listing several problems and providing solutions one by one. C．By comparing two opposite views and proving one is wrong. D．By defining key terms and then giving detailed case analysis. 54．What can we infer from the example of the calligrapher in Paragraph 6? A．Handwritten invitations are more expensive but less beautiful. B．Imperfections make things more human and valuable in people’s eyes. C．People are willing to pay more for perfection even if it is inefficient. D．Calligraphers are better at creating flawless scripts than computers. 55．Which of the following might the author approve of? A．A miss is as good as a mile. B．One false move loses all. C．Every cloud has a silver lining. D．Close enough is good enough. 【答案】51．B 52．C 53．A 54．B 55．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了追求完美会阻碍幸福，要学会接受不完美。 51．细节理解题。根据第二段““Pursuit of perfection is a prison,” says Moya Sarner, an NHS psychotherapist. Many of us are driven by the unconscious wish that if we could just have the perfect body, the perfect job and the perfect family, then we would be happy. For that reason, it can be one of the most significant barriers to happiness in life.(英国国家医疗服务体系的心理治疗师莫亚·萨纳说：“追求完美是一座监狱。”我们中的许多人被一种无意识的愿望所驱使，即如果我们能拥有完美的身体、完美的工作和完美的家庭，那么我们就会幸福。因此，它可能是生活中幸福的最大障碍之一)”可知，根据莫亚·萨纳的说法，追求完美会阻碍我们获得幸福。 52．细节理解题。根据第三段“The psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott wrote about the importance of the “good enough mother” who meets her baby’s needs timely, but is not perfect. He said perfect is harmful. To meet every desire immediately, to pass the toy straight away whenever it is demanded slows down a baby’s growth, robbing them of the opportunity to feel frustrated and learn to crawl to get the toy for themselves.(精神分析学家唐纳德·温尼科特写到了“足够好的母亲”的重要性，她能及时满足婴儿的需求，但并不完美。他说完美是有害的。立即满足每一个欲望，每当需要玩具时就立刻递过去，会减缓婴儿的成长，剥夺他们感到沮丧并学会自己爬着去拿玩具的机会)”可知，从“足够好的母亲”的例子中我们可以学到立即回应会影响婴儿的成长。 53．推理判断题。根据第二段““Pursuit of perfection is a prison,” says Moya Sarner, an NHS psychotherapist.(英国国家医疗服务体系的心理治疗师莫亚·萨纳说：“追求完美是一座监狱。”)”以及第三段“The psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott wrote about the importance of the ‘good enough mother’ who meets her baby’s needs timely, but is not perfect.(精神分析学家唐纳德·温尼科特写到了‘足够好的母亲’的重要性，她能及时满足婴儿的需求，但并不完美)”和第五段“How do I know all this? I am a perfectionist in recovery. I’ve started to recognize my intolerance of imperfection — my need for certain things to be exactly as I would like them to be, from the way my husband chops his onions to my terror of being late — and it has made a huge difference to my relationship and my parenting.(我怎么知道这些的？我是一个正在康复的完美主义者。我已经开始意识到自己对不完美的无法容忍——我需要某些事情完全符合我的意愿，从我丈夫切洋葱的方式到我对迟到的恐惧——这对我的人际关系和育儿方式产生了巨大的影响)”可知，作者通过引用专家的观点和反思个人经历来展开她的中心论点。 54．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We need to go further than tolerating imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a flawless version of the same script for less money and in less time.(我们需要超越容忍不完美。我们需要学会欣赏它们的人性和美丽。不完美就是为什么人们会花钱请书法家手写邀请函，而电脑可以用更少的钱和更短的时间制作出同样字体的完美版本)”可知，从书法家的例子中我们可以推断出，在人们眼中，不完美让事物更有人情味，更有价值。 55．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We need to go further than tolerating imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a flawless version of the same script for less money and in less time. So for a more delicious life, and ultimately a better one, I choose imperfectionism.(我们需要超越容忍不完美。我们需要学会欣赏它们的人性和美丽。不完美就是为什么人们会花钱请书法家手写邀请函，而电脑可以用更少的钱和更短的时间制作出同样字体的完美版本。所以，为了更美好的生活，最终为了更好的生活，我选择不完美主义)”可知，作者认为我们要学会接受不完美，由此可推知，作者可能会赞成“足够接近就是足够好”的观点。 主题03 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （2026·天津河西·二模）In an era dominated by instant messaging and social media platforms, the art of genuine dialogue — where ideas are exchanged, challenged, and polished through patient reasoning — is quietly fading. While technology has undeniably made information accessible to all, its impact on the quality of human communication invites serious concern. What we often mistake for conversation is merely parallel monologue (独白): individuals taking turns to express pre-packaged opinions without genuine engagement with opposing views. The main point of the problem lies in what psychologist Sherry Turkle terms “the flight from conversation.” Humans, by nature, seek cognitive (认知的) efficiency; disagreeable viewpoints demand mental effort, whereas affirmation offers comfort. Digital environments, designed to maximize user engagement, exploit this tendency by algorithmically presenting content that matches our existing beliefs — a phenomenon known as the echo chamber effect (回声室效应). Consequently, the slow, uncomfortable process of dealing with conflicting perspectives is replaced by the instant pleasure of virtual approval. The result is not a strong exchange of ideas but a fragile agreement built on mutual (互相的) ignorance. Admittedly, supporters of digital communication argue that online platforms have given voice to ignored groups and facilitated global movements. However, this defense misses a deeper point: the spread of information is not the same as the deepening of understanding. A thousand shares online do not equal a single meaningful conversation in which one’s beliefs are genuinely questioned. Without face-to-face conversation — where tone, hesitation, and body language provide crucial context — messages easily lose their subtle shades, leading to misunderstandings which in turn divide people into opposite camps. What, then, is to be done? Restoring genuine dialogue requires more than limiting screen time; it demands a careful practice of being willing to accept we may be wrong. This means actively seeking out views that make us worried, resisting the strong wish to interrupt, and acknowledging that being proven wrong is not a defeat but an opportunity for growth. Educational institutions bear a special responsibility here: they must develop classrooms where debate is structured not as a competition to win, but as a collaborative search for truth. Only by relearning the lost art of patient listening and critical response can we hope to bridge the widening gaps in our ties between people. The consequences are severe. Without a conscious effort to bring back authentic conversation, we risk retreating further into groups with only one idea where the very possibility of mutual understanding is dismissed as simple-minded. In the end, the question is not whether technology is good or bad, but whether we possess the wisdom to use it without losing ourselves. 51．According to the author, what is the real nature of most online “conversations”? A．A constructive exchange of diverse ideas. B．A series of individual expressions without true interaction. C．A convenient way to reach agreement by avoiding conflict. D．A platform for sharing different opinions quickly. 52．The “echo chamber effect” (paragraph 2) occurs mainly because digital platforms . A．aim to promote interaction between users with different views. B．require users to provide reasons for their viewpoints. C．filter out information that challenges users’ opinions. D．prioritize content that matches users’ existing beliefs. 53．According to the author, what is essential for restoring the art of genuine dialogue? A．Merely reducing the time spent on digital devices to avoid distractions. B．The willingness to accept the possibility of being wrong and seeking different views. C．Structuring debates as a competition to win for building confidence and logic. D．Avoiding views that cause worry to maintain mental comfort and efficiency. 54．What does the author suggest educational institutions should do? A．Limit the use of electronic devices in classrooms. B．Train students to win debates with logical skills. C．Create an environment where debate focuses on shared understanding. D．Advise students to avoid discussing with those holding opposite views. 55．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To argue that genuine dialogue is declining and needs conscious restoration. B．To analyze the negative effects of digital communication on relationships. C．To emphasize the irreplaceable role of face-to-face talk in deep understanding. D．To describe how technology has helped more people share their voices. 【答案】51．B 52．D 53．B 54．C 55．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了在数字时代真正对话艺术在衰退，需有意识恢复。 51．细节理解题。根据第一段中“What we often mistake for conversation is merely parallel monologue (独白): individuals taking turns to express pre-packaged opinions without genuine engagement with opposing views. (我们常常误以为是对话的，不过是平行的独白：个人轮流表达预先包装好的观点，而不真正与相反的观点接触。)”可知，大多数网上“对话”只是个人表达，没有真正的互动。 52．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Digital environments, designed to maximize user engagement, exploit this tendency by algorithmically presenting content that matches our existing beliefs — a phenomenon known as the echo chamber effect (回声室效应). (数字环境旨在最大化用户参与度，它利用算法呈现与我们现有信念相符的内容，这种现象被称为回声室效应。)”可知，“回声室效应”发生主要是因为数字平台优先提供与用户现有信念相符的内容。 53．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Restoring genuine dialogue requires more than limiting screen time; it demands a careful practice of being willing to accept we may be wrong. This means actively seeking out views that make us worried, resisting the strong wish to interrupt, and acknowledging that being proven wrong is not a defeat but an opportunity for growth. (恢复真正的对话需要的不仅仅是限制屏幕时间；它需要谨慎地练习愿意接受我们可能是错的。这意味着积极寻找让我们担忧的观点，抵制打断的强烈愿望，并承认被证明是错误的不是失败，而是成长的机会。)”可知，恢复真正对话的艺术关键在于愿意接受可能出错并寻求不同观点。 54．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Educational institutions bear a special responsibility here: they must develop classrooms where debate is structured not as a competition to win, but as a collaborative search for truth. (教育机构在这方面负有特殊责任：他们必须创建这样的课堂，辩论不是作为一场赢的比赛，而是作为对真理的合作探索。)”可知，作者建议教育机构创建一个辩论聚焦于共同理解的课堂环境。 55．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“In an era dominated by instant messaging and social media platforms, the art of genuine dialogue — where ideas are exchanged, challenged, and polished through patient reasoning — is quietly fading. (在一个即时通讯和社交媒体平台主导的时代，真正的对话艺术——通过耐心的推理交换、挑战和完善想法——正在悄然消退。)”以及最后一段中“Without a conscious effort to bring back authentic conversation, we risk retreating further into groups with only one idea where the very possibility of mutual understanding is dismissed as simple-minded. (如果没有有意识的努力来恢复真正的对话，我们就有可能进一步退回到只有一个想法的群体中，在那里，相互理解的可能性被视为头脑简单。)”可知，文章主要讲述了在数字时代真正对话艺术在衰退，需有意识恢复。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （2026·天津滨海·二模）Lao Zi once said, ‌“Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.” People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth through others’ approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life. Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves? If it’s true that you can’t please all people all of the time, wouldn’t it make sense to stop trying? Unfortunately, sense often isn’t driving our behavior. For social beings who desire love and belonging, wanting to be liked, and caring about the effect we have on others, is healthy and allows us to make connections. However, where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone’s approval or not. This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and were completely dependent on others to take care of us: Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate, they are also trying to learn how the world works. We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others so, to a four-year-old, if Mommy or Daddy doesn’t like him or her, there is the danger that they will abandon them. We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approve of us, it’s being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment. As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek, your need for external validation will start to vanish, leaving you stronger, more confident, and yes, happier in your life. Imagine how much time we lose each moment we restrain our authentic selves in an effort to be liked. If we base our worth on the opinions of others, we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves, because ultimately, there is no difference. So embrace the cliché (老话) and love yourself as it’s highly doubtful that you’ll regret it. 51．What can we conclude from Lao Zi’s quotation? A．We should see through other people’s attempt to make a prisoner of us. B．We can never really please other people even if we try as hard as we can. C．We can never be truly free if taking to heart others’ opinion of us. D．We should care about other people’s view as much as they care about our own. 52．What will happen if we base our self-worth on other people’s approval? A．Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled. B．Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting. C．Our identity as social beings will be affected. D．Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced. 53．What may account for our need to be liked or approved of? A．Our desperate longing for interactions with others. B．Our understanding of the workings of the world. C．Our knowledge about the pain of abandonment. D．Our early childhood fear of being deserted. 54．What can we do when we become better able to provide ourselves with the desired approval? A．Enjoy a happier life. B．Exercise self-restraint. C．Receive more external validation. D．Strengthen our power of imagination. 55．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A．Embrace life for ourselves and for others. B．See our experiences as wealth. C．Base our worth on others’ opinions. D．Love ourselves as we are. Passage 2 （2026·天津东丽·二模）What does being “smart” mean? The 16th-century philosopher Michel de Montaigne argued that we made a big mistake in regarding book learning or formal school education as sources of our most important lessons. He famously said that we can be knowledgeable with another man’s knowledge but cannot be wise with another man’s wisdom. And wisdom — which, to Michel de Montaigne, meant living well — was the only kind of “smart”. Wisdom, Michel de Montaigne thought, was available to anyone who was prepared and able to reflect well on their experiences. Reflecting well means more than just taking account of things that have made you feel one way or another. It means understanding the most basic elements to which they can be reduced. How wonderful to realise that you were so happy when you were in Vondelpark in Amsterdam, not because you were on holiday and hundreds of kilometres from home, but because you had been around nature. A condition much easier to reproduce! Wisdom takes a little bit more, however, than an ability to reflect well. It requires being able to adjust your life to make the best use of self-knowledge, which, in turn, can take discipline. Wisdom has a lot to do with understanding the eventual gains we can harvest from short-term deprivations (匮乏) and inconveniences. One of the best lessons I’ve learnt this year is that denying my urge to check something online has led to myself being freed from the virtual world’s tight control. What does a smart person look like? I used to think it was someone you find in cafes with a complicated-sounding book in front of them. I tend, these days, to agree with Michel de Montaigne that the most certain sign of wisdom is cheerfulness. Somehow my current image of “smart” is able to include someone who often walks into poles or trips over their own feet, so long as they know how to smile about it. 51．What is Montaigne’s main point about wisdom? A．It relies on rich academic knowledge. B．It demands a high level of intelligence. C．It is gained through deep self-reflection. D．It comes from learning others’ wisdom. 52．What does “Reflecting well” primarily involve? A．Discovering root elements. B．Identifying obvious reasons. C．Recalling emotional states. D．Reproducing pleasant conditions. 53．Why does the author mention the Vondelpark experience? A．To explain how to reproduce a holiday. B．To prove the importance of travelling. C．To advise people to get close to nature. D．To show the essence of true reflection. 54．What else is important for true wisdom? A．Avoiding all forms of deprivation. B．Mastering academic knowledge. C．Seeking immediate satisfaction. D．Practicing strong self-control. 55．What is a vital quality of a smart person according to the author? A．Reading complicated books in public. B．Being optimistic about awkward moments. C．Avoiding making silly mistakes carefully. D．Showing off their rich knowledge. 主题02 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （2026·天津东丽第一百中学·二模）Anger is one of the most intense and challenging emotions we experience. It can arise from feelings of injustice, frustration, or perceived threats to our well-being. Whether anger manifests in ourselves or in others, it has the potential to create division, escalate (升级) conflicts, and harm relationships. However, anger does not have to control us. By utilizing compassion — specifically, compassionate reframing — we can transform anger into a deeper understanding and connection. At its core, anger is a reaction to an appraisal — a mental assessment of a situation that threatens something we value. This appraisal determines the intensity: and quality of our emotional response. However, situations themselves do not contain meaning; we assign meaning to them based on our interpretations. When we react in anger, we often view events through a narrow lens, reinforcing negative emotions and rigid perspectives. Reframing is the process of consciously changing our interpretation of an event to reduce negative emotions. Compassionate reframing takes this one step further by integrating compassion — for both ourselves and others — into the way we interpret situations, helping us move away from hostility and resentment toward a mindset of unity and understanding. Compassion has the power to neutralize anger by softening our perspective. It allows us to acknowledge suffering — both our own and that of others — without immediate judgment or retaliation. We can shift our reactions from aggressive to constructive. Consider a common scenario: You are at a restaurant, and the server has not attended to your table for quite some time. A typical reaction might be: “This is ridiculous! We’ve been waiting forever. The service here is terrible!” A compassionate reframe might be: “I don’t like how long this is taking, but I know serving tables is difficult. Maybe they’re short-staffed tonight. At least I can enjoy my time with friends.” Compassionate reframing acknowledges personal discomfort while also extending understanding to the server. It prevents anger from, escalating and creates an opportunity to act with patience and kindness. Rather than reacting defensively or dismissively, we can ask ourselves: What might be causing their anger? How can I respond in a way that acknowledges their emotions without fueling hostility? Anger is an unavoidable part of life, but it does not have to dominate our reactions or relationships. By practicing compassionate reframing, we gain the ability to step back, assess situations with kindness, and respond in ways that promote peace rather than conflict. Whether in personal interactions, professional settings, or moments of frustration with strangers, compassionate reframing offers a powerful tool for transforming anger into understanding. The choice to reframe our perspective not only benefits our emotional well-being but also fosters a world where compassion leads the way in conflict resolution and human connection. 46．Which statement does the author probably agree with on anger? A．Anger should always be contained in social settings. B．Anger’s impact is greater on oneself than on others. C．Compassionate reframing is effective only in specific contexts. D．Anger is a natural response that can be positively channeled. 47．Anger often escalate conflicts due to the fact that ______ . A．people prioritize winning over resolving issues B．fixed interpretations prevent consideration of others C．anger in its nature ruins relationships D．anger is an unavoidable part of life 48．Why is compassionate reframing proposed to conduct according to the passage? A．To reduce negative emotions through a deeper understanding. B．To acknowledge suffering without judgment and development and develop sympathy. C．To rationalize one’s dissatisfaction in challenging situations. D．To minimize the potential of a conflict by controlling emotions. 49．The restaurant scenario illustrates that compassionate reframing can ______ . A．encourage beneficial dialogues instead of confrontation B．decrease the sense of self-awareness during disagreements C．shift focus from personal frustration to others’ circumstances D．validate annoyance as a justified response to the issue 50．The writer’s friend Nathan was driving suddenly another driver cut him off, nearly causing an accident. How shouldn’t he respond? A．He was such an idiot! He could have killed us both! B．I was scared. But maybe he was rushing to a hospital. C．Dangerous! Perhaps he’s a green hand and misjudged the distance. D．I’m grateful I’m safe. Everyone should be careful in the morning rush. Passage 2 （2026·天津北辰·二模）If you ask someone to guess the number of sweets in a glass, the chance of guessing correctly is low. But if you ask many people to take guesses, something odd happens. Even though their individual answers differ greatly, the average of their varied guesses tends to be surprisingly accurate. This phenomenon is called “wisdom of the crowd”. Examples of this range from counting beans in a glass to guessing the weight of an elephant. However, these examples are somewhat artificial, because they involve decisions that are made in a social vacuum (社会真空). But in reality, people see what others around them are doing or intend to do. We actively seek out what others are saying, and we have a natural tendency to follow successful individuals. So what happens to the wisdom of the crowd when the crowd talk to one another? Andrew King from the Royal Veterinary College conducted a study with 82 participants guessing the number of sweets in a glass. Without extra information, the crowd’s median (中间值的) guess (751) nearly matched the actual number (752). However, when different groups were informed about previous random guesses, their median guesses ranged from 882 to 1109. King compares this effect to real-world situations where people collectively drive prices far above their true value and create economic bubbles (经济泡沫). Is the crowd bound to fall into groupthink? Not quite. King found a way to restore accuracy. When participants were given the current best estimate, the median improved to 795. This mirrors what happens in real life. The crowd may be a social beast, but it doesn’t follow blindly. Certain individuals have dominant influence, and groups of soldiers, employees, players and even animals often rely on leaders or experts when making decisions. But King’s study still reflects an artificial situation, because he could provide the crowd with the closest guess. Real crowds rarely have that luxury. If anything, this study simply highlights how important it is to choose whom we follow. If we pick poorly, our decisions are worse. If we pick well, we perform better. Maybe the real trick to using the wisdom of the crowd is to recognize the most knowledgeable individuals. 51．What does “wisdom of the crowd” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The explanation for people’s being fond of making guesses. B．The phenomenon of people following others’ decisions. C．The process of averaging varied guesses out in a meaningful way. D．The tendency for group average guesses to be surprisingly accurate. 52．What is the situation of a social vacuum like? A．People share resources with each other. B．People are cut off from others’ opinions. C．People are guided by successful individuals. D．People discuss their ideas freely with others. 53．What happened to participants after knowing previous random guesses? A．Their guesses became more random. B．They overestimated the number of sweets. C．They became more cautious about their own guesses. D．Their responses showed great variation from each other. 54．What can be inferred from Andrew King’s study about the “wisdom of the crowd”? A．Groupthink is unavoidable once the crowd is exposed to others’ guesses ahead of time. B．The median guess is more reliable than the average guess in economic bubble situations. C．Offering the best estimate to the crowd can help correct the influence of misleading information. D．The crowd’s guesses are always more accurate when members communicate as freely as possible. 55．What does the author think of the real-world effectiveness of “wisdom of the crowd”? A．It is dependent on the context. B．It can always achieve good outcomes. C．It is useless without external intervention. D．It works better in large groups than in small groups. Passage 3 （2026·天津红桥·二模）Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data. The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions. “The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original. It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “We need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller. Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says. Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says. Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says. The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to, although they would still have to actually read them. 51．What does the phrase “meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to? A．Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to. B．Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites. C．Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly. D．Insignificant data collected by social media firms. 52．It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______. A．social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark scheme B．people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they think C．a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale D．the kitemark would help companies develop their business models 53．Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______. A．their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old B．the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand C．the information they collected could become more valuable in future D．it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of 54．The writer advises users of social media to _______. A．think carefully before posting anything onto such websites B．read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemark C．take no further action if they can find a kitemark D．avoid providing too much personal information 55．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Say no to social media? B．New security rules in operation? C．Accept without reading? D．Administration matters!Passage 4 （2026·天津部分区·二模）What does being “smart” mean? The 16th-century philosopher Michel de Montaigne argued that we made a big mistake in regarding book learning or formal school education as sources of our most important lessons. He famously said that we can be knowledgeable with another man’s knowledge but cannot be wise with another man’s wisdom. And wisdom — which, to Michel de Montaigne, meant living well — was the only kind of “smart”. Wisdom, Michel de Montaigne thought, was available to anyone who was prepared and able to reflect well on their experiences. Reflecting well means more than just taking account of things that have made you feel one way or another. It means understanding the most basic elements to which they can be reduced. How wonderful to realise that you were so happy when you were in Vondelpark in Amsterdam, not because you were on holiday and hundreds of kilometres from home, but because you had been around nature. A condition much easier to reproduce! Wisdom takes a little bit more, however, than an ability to reflect well. It requires being able to adjust your life to make the best use of self-knowledge, which, in turn, can take discipline. Wisdom has a lot to do with understanding the eventual gains we can harvest from short-term deprivations (匮乏) and inconveniences. One of the best lessons I’ve learnt this year is that denying my urge to check something online has led to myself being freed from the virtual world’s tight control. What does a smart person look like? I used to think it was someone you find in cafes with a complicated-sounding book in front of them. I tend, these days, to agree with Michel de Montaigne that the most certain sign of wisdom is cheerfulness. Somehow my current image of “smart” is able to include someone who often walks into poles or trips over their own feet, so long as they know how to smile about it. 51．Which idea might Michel de Montaigne have criticised? A．We cannot learn others’ wisdom. B．Knowledge can be shared between individuals. C．Schools are the most important places for study. D．We may not become smart through formal education. 52．What does the author try to tell the readers by mentioning Vondelpark? A．Less is more. B．Life is only a journey. C．Nature is our best teacher. D．Travelling makes us happy. 53．What does the author say about wisdom in Para. 3? A．It requires little self-discipline. B．It equals the ability to reflect well. C．It is about adjusting one’s life to acquire knowledge. D．It is about keeping a balance between gains and losses. 54．What does the author talk about in the last paragraph? A．Montaigne’s conception of wisdom. B．Different approaches to wisdom. C．His image of a smart person. D．Definition of being cheerful. 55．What would be the best title of the passage? A．The Importance of Book Learning B．Wisdom: The Perception of “Smart” C．The Reflections on Life in Vondelpark D．Michel de Montaigne: A Great Philosopher 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （2026·天津和平·二模）In an increasingly individualistic world, the act of giving — whether time, resources, or skills — serves as a powerful antidote to societal isolation. Engaging in charity activities fosters deeper human connections, enhances interpersonal relationships, and profoundly influences individuals’ mental and emotional well-being. This essay explores the multifaceted benefits of altruism (利他主义), emphasizing its role in nurturing community bonds and promoting individual fulfillment. At the core of voluntary engagement lies the natural human desire for connection. Participating in community service or charitable initiatives cultivates a sense of belonging, linking individuals with like-minded peers who share similar values and commitments. These shared experiences often lead to the formation of lasting friendships and networks, as individuals unite under a common purpose. For instance, volunteering at a local shelter not only addresses immediate community needs but also offers participants an opportunity to connect on a personal level, thus reinforcing social ties that might otherwise remain superficial. Moreover, altruism has been shown to contribute significantly to an individual’s mental health. Engaging in acts of kindness triggers the release of endorphins (内啡肽), the so-called “helper’s high,” which can enhance mood and promote feelings of happiness. Research by the Journal of Happiness Studies indicates that individuals who engage in regular volunteer work experience lower rates of depression and anxiety, leading to an overall improvement in life satisfaction. This psychological uplift extends beyond the individual, as happy people are more likely to engage positively in their communities, creating a positive cycle of altruism and well-being. Furthermore, acts of kindness cultivate empathy and inner strength, attributes essential for enduring human relationships. By actively engaging with diverse communities and understanding the struggles faced by others, individuals reinforce their capacity for compassion. This deepened empathy not only enhances interpersonal dynamics but also fosters a more inclusive and understanding society. Additionally, the experiences drawn from voluntary activity often encourage reflection and personal growth, helping individuals develop coping mechanisms and emotional perseverance. In conclusion, the benefits of goodwill extend far beyond the immediate impact of charitable acts. By fostering interpersonal connections and enhancing emotional well-being, acts of giving play a crucial role in building stronger, more resilient communities. In a world increasingly characterized by isolation and detachment, the embrace of altruism presents a powerful solution to reinvigorate (使…焕新) human connections and improve individual mental health. The cultivation of a giving spirit enriches not only the lives of those we help but also our own, creating a more compassionate and harmonious society. By choosing to engage in giving, we can transform not only our lives but also the fabric of our communities. 51．What does the word “antidote” most probably mean in Paragraph 1? A．An effective solution. B．A harmful result. C．A social trend. D．A mental disease. 52．According to the passage, which is an immediate and direct result of engaging in acts of kindness? A．The release of endorphins that improve mood. B．The significant improvement of social fairness. C．The building of lasting friendships and social networks. D．The cultivation of empathy and emotional resilience. 53．What is the main idea of the essay? A．Individualism is the root cause of societal problems. B．Altruism is the only solution to mental health issues. C．Giving behavior benefit individuals and communities in many ways. D．Modern society is becoming more and more individualistic and isolated. 54．How is the passage mainly organized? A．By presenting a problem and then offering several solutions. B．By stating a claim and supporting it with three arguments. C．By comparing different views on the value of acts of kindness. D．By listing historical examples to explain altruistic behavior. 55．Based on the essay, what can be inferred from the passage? A．People without extra money are not able to participate in charity effectively. B．Social isolation in modern society is mainly caused by lack of charity. C．Being kind would have significant impact on health. D．Being kind can remove depression and anxiety. Passage 2 （2026·天津滨海·二模）Social media can be a powerful communication tool for employees, helping them to collaborate, share ideas and solve problems. Research has shown that 82% of employees think social media can improve work relationships and 60% believe it can support decision-making processes. These beliefs contribute to a majority of workers connecting with colleagues on social media, even during work hours. Employers typically worry that social media is a productivity killer; more than half of U.S. employers reportedly block access to social media at work. In my research with 277employees of a healthcare organization I found these concerns to be misguided. Social media doesn’t reduce productivity nearly as much as it kills employee retention (保留). In the first part of the study, I surveyed the employees about why and how they used platforms like Facebook, Twitter, or LinkedIn. Respondents were then asked about their work behaviors, including whether they felt motivated in their jobs and showed initiative at work. I found employees who engage in online social interactions with co-workers through social media blogs tend to be more motivated and come up with innovative ideas. But when employees interact with individuals outside the organization, they are less motivated and show less initiative. In the second part of the study, I found 76% of employees using social media for work took an interest in other organizations they found on social media. When I examined how respondents express to new careers and employers, I found that they engaged in some key activities including researching new organizations and making new work connection. These findings present a dilemma for managers: employees using social media at work are more engaged and more productive, but they are also more likely to leave your company. Managers should implement solutions that neutralize the retention risk caused by social media. They can create social media groups in which employees will be more likely to collaborate and less likely to share withdrawal intentions or discussions about external job opportunities. Managers can also use social media to directly reduce turnover (跳槽) intentions, by recognizing employees’ accomplishments and giving visibility to employees’ success stories? 46．What does previous research about social media reveal? A．Most employees think positively of it. B．It improves employees’ work efficiency. C．It enables employees to form connections. D．Employees spend much of their work time on it. 47．What did the author’s own research find about social media? A．It influences employees’ work negatively. B．It does much harm to employee loyalty. C．It kills employees’ motivation for work. D．It affects employers’ decision-making. 48．What did the author find in his study about the effect of online social interactions? A．It differs from employee to employee. B．It tends to vary with the platform used. C．It has much to do with whom employees interact with. D．It is hard to measure when employees interact with outsiders. 49．What problem was found with employees using social media for work? A．They seldom expressed their inner thoughts. B．Most of them explored new job opportunities. C．They were reluctant to collaborate with others. D．Many of them ended with lower productivity. 50．What does the author suggest managers do to neutralize the retention risk? A．Give promotions to employees for their accomplishments. B．Create opportunities for employees to share success stories. C．Acknowledge employees’ achievements through social media D．Encourage employees to increase their visibility on social media. 主题03 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （2026·天津新华中学·二模）Anybody can write. I believe it as much as I believe that nobody is boring. Are people writing more? I believe so. There is a lot of writing going on. All kinds of writing — amateur writing, professional writing, creative writing, boring writing, etc. Enthusiastic reader is hardly a thing anymore. Storyteller, published author and productive blogger are words that decorate people’s bio more often. The trend of listing what one is reading has been replaced by listing self-authored articles. Reading is unavoidable. Reading generates the road map for a society’s progress. But then why write? The most substantial reason could be ease of Expression, Record, and Reach. Enabled by present-day technology, the ease of Record (digitally saved forever) and Reach (to readers anywhere in the world) are undoubtedly the more straightforward motivations to write. But ease of Expression? We perhaps partly owe that to technology too. The social shaping (e. g. messaging behaviors) caused by technology has resulted in the breakdown of structures and rules of writing to a great extent, if not entirely, thus freeing up the technique of writing like music and art. Consequently, writing in all forms (short-long), structures (words-graphics-sound), and shapes (books-blogs-posts-tweets-open letters) has appeared like a movement. Writing is a promise, It is a promise to deliver not just pleasure, information, or inspiration; it is a promise to care. Writing can be intrusive (侵扰的). It can even be rude, as Joan Didion puts it in her essay Why I Write. The readers are the victims of the writer’s thoughts and views. But that’s how writers challenge the readers to think, look around and push back. Even after we have managed to ease the disciplinary demands of good literature, it still wouldn’t take the pain away from writing because thinking is the pain point of writing. We have to make things up or think about things we see. One could be as local, raw, and not remain preoccupied with presenting a stylized piece of sentence and still find a platform to write. But let us ensure we don’t ever give up thinking and never make writing completely painless. 51．What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1? A．Writing has become more popular. B．People no longer enjoy reading books. C．Readers are uninterested in others’ reading lists. D．Listing self-authored articles is a new form of social networking. 52．How has technology influenced writing? A．It has made writing more structured and formal. B．It has strengthened the bonds between writing and art. C．It has made writing more accessible and diverse. D．It has decreased the number of professional writers. 53．What is the ultimate purpose of writing according to Joan Didion? A．To entertain and amuse readers. B．To deliver the latest information. C．To impress readers with literary skills. D．To inspire readers to form new thoughts. 54．What does the author expect of writing? A．The challenges of thinking should be valued. B．There will be various platforms to choose from. C．There will be more works focusing on pain in life. D．The disciplinary demands of good literature will stay. 55．Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? A．The relationship between reading and writing. B．The influence of technology on writing. C．The various forms and trends of modern writing. D．The reasons and nature of writing in modern society. 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （2026·天津东丽·二模）What does being “smart” mean? The 16th-century philosopher Michel de Montaigne argued that we made a big mistake in regarding book learning or formal school education as sources of our most important lessons. He famously said that we can be knowledgeable with another man’s knowledge but cannot be wise with another man’s wisdom. And wisdom — which, to Michel de Montaigne, meant living well — was the only kind of “smart”. Wisdom, Michel de Montaigne thought, was available to anyone who was prepared and able to reflect well on their experiences. Reflecting well means more than just taking account of things that have made you feel one way or another. It means understanding the most basic elements to which they can be reduced. How wonderful to realise that you were so happy when you were in Vondelpark in Amsterdam, not because you were on holiday and hundreds of kilometres from home, but because you had been around nature. A condition much easier to reproduce! Wisdom takes a little bit more, however, than an ability to reflect well. It requires being able to adjust your life to make the best use of self-knowledge, which, in turn, can take discipline. Wisdom has a lot to do with understanding the eventual gains we can harvest from short-term deprivations (匮乏) and inconveniences. One of the best lessons I’ve learnt this year is that denying my urge to check something online has led to myself being freed from the virtual world’s tight control. What does a smart person look like? I used to think it was someone you find in cafes with a complicated-sounding book in front of them. I tend, these days, to agree with Michel de Montaigne that the most certain sign of wisdom is cheerfulness. Somehow my current image of “smart” is able to include someone who often walks into poles or trips over their own feet, so long as they know how to smile about it. 51．What is Montaigne’s main point about wisdom? A．It relies on rich academic knowledge. B．It demands a high level of intelligence. C．It is gained through deep self-reflection. D．It comes from learning others’ wisdom. 52．What does “Reflecting well” primarily involve? A．Discovering root elements. B．Identifying obvious reasons. C．Recalling emotional states. D．Reproducing pleasant conditions. 53．Why does the author mention the Vondelpark experience? A．To explain how to reproduce a holiday. B．To prove the importance of travelling. C．To advise people to get close to nature. D．To show the essence of true reflection. 54．What else is important for true wisdom? A．Avoiding all forms of deprivation. B．Mastering academic knowledge. C．Seeking immediate satisfaction. D．Practicing strong self-control. 55．What is a vital quality of a smart person according to the author? A．Reading complicated books in public. B．Being optimistic about awkward moments. C．Avoiding making silly mistakes carefully. D．Showing off their rich knowledge. Passage 2 （2026·天津南开·二模）Trees take quite a while to grow. If someone 50 years ago planted a row of oaks or a chestnut tree on your land, you have something that no amount of money or effort can copy. The only way is to wait. Tree-lined roads, old gardens, and houses protected by decades of tree canopy:if you want to start fresh on an empty plot, you will not be able to get that. Because some things just take time. We know this by instinct. We pay more for Swiss watches, luxury bags, and historic houses precisely because of the time put into them -either the time spent building them or their age. We set age limits for driving, voting, and drinking because we believe maturity only comes through real-life experience. Yet we now live in a time of instant satisfaction, which affects how we develop software and run companies. Though we can speed up code writing, the key factor of a successful company or an Open-Source project lies in persistence — the ability of leaders or maintainers to stick to a problem for years, build relationships, and work through challenges that take a lifetime to solve. We tend to think all difficulties in life should be solved by automation and human involvement replaced by AI-based decisions. But often, the difficulty or the time needed is exactly the point. We have cooling-off periods for important life decisions because we know people need time to think, and doing something right once means little — commitment over time matters. AI writes code fast, but we are pushing this speed further:we want to release products faster, run more experiments, and remove all remaining frictions of reviews, designing and configuring(配置)infrastructure. Yet the software we depend on now has a short lifespan, measured in months rather than decades, as do the relationships built with customers. I’m skeptical of those who claim to save us time. AI tools seem to leave us with less time, as we fill every free moment with more tasks. Time saved is quickly taken by competition, and we can never really “save” it. I keep thinking of the trees. Maintaining Open-Source projects for nearly 20 years and working at a startup for 10 years taught me that time tums ideas into commitments, and commitments into something that can support others. Trust, quality and community can’t be created in a hurry-they take time, just like a 50-year-old oak. 51．According to the passage, which explains the value of old trees? A．They require precious time and effort for their growth. B．They are mainly found in historic gardens and sites. C．They provide samples for modern technology to copy. D．They produce excellent material for building houses. 52．What is the function of the single sentence in Paragraph 2? A．To provide a specific example. B．To introduce a novel chapter. C．To present the thesis statement. D．To list a contradictory opinion. 53．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．Automation and AI provide the best ways to solve life’s challenges. B．Dedication and perseverance involved in a process can be essential. C．People should make wise decisions to succeed in the modern world. D．Commitment over time is less important than solving tricky problems. 54．What is the author’s attitude towards the claim that AI will give us more free time? A．Skeptical. B．Favorable. C．Unconcerned. D．Confused. 55．Which of the following proverbs best summarizes the central theme presented in the passage? A．More haste, less speed. B．A stitch in time saves nine. C．Strike the iron while it is hot. D．Time and tide wait for no man. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （2026·天津十二区重点学校·二模）When planning my wedding, I was determined not to get caught up in the “perfect day”, but to have a relaxing, informal celebration. My husband and I ended up having a lovely time. “Pursuit of perfection is a prison,” says Moya Sarner, an NHS psychotherapist. Many of us are driven by the unconscious wish that if we could just have the perfect body, the perfect job and the perfect family, then we would be happy. For that reason, it can be one of the most significant barriers to happiness in life. The psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott wrote about the importance of the “good enough mother” who meets her baby’s needs timely, but is not perfect. He said perfect is harmful. To meet every desire immediately, to pass the toy straight away whenever it is demanded slows down a baby’s growth, robbing them of the opportunity to feel frustrated and learn to crawl to get the toy for themselves. Winnicott believed that while perfection is not a virtue, tolerance of imperfection is. If we cannot develop the capacity to tolerate imperfection in ourselves and in those around us, we can have no self-confidence, no sustainable relationships and no fulfilling career. If we’re always trying to build something called a perfect life, we aren’t really living the one we’re in. How do I know all this? I am a perfectionist in recovery. I’ve started to recognize my intolerance of imperfection — my need for certain things to be exactly as I would like them to be, from the way my husband chops his onions to my terror of being late — and it has made a huge difference to my relationship and my parenting. How can you be a good partner if you expect everyone else to fit your own narrow expectations? How can your child grow if they sense that they always need to color precisely inside the lines you’ve drawn out for them? We need to go further than tolerating imperfections. We need to learn to appreciate their humanity and beauty. Imperfections are why people will pay a calligrapher to handwrite invitations when a computer can produce a flawless version of the same script for less money and in less time. So for a more delicious life, and ultimately a better one, I choose imperfectionism. 51．What prevents us from obtaining happiness according to Moya Sarner? A．The lack of a perfect life. B．The pursuit of perfection. C．The unconscious wish for jobs. D．The fear of being imperfect. 52．What can we learn from the example of the “good enough mother”? A．Raising a child brings a mother much joy. B．Pursuing perfection is the duty of mothers. C．Responding instantly impacts babies’ growth. D．Meeting babies’ demands is very challenging. 53．How does the author develop her central argument? A．By citing experts’ opinions and reflecting on personal experience. B．By listing several problems and providing solutions one by one. C．By comparing two opposite views and proving one is wrong. D．By defining key terms and then giving detailed case analysis. 54．What can we infer from the example of the calligrapher in Paragraph 6? A．Handwritten invitations are more expensive but less beautiful. B．Imperfections make things more human and valuable in people’s eyes. C．People are willing to pay more for perfection even if it is inefficient. D．Calligraphers are better at creating flawless scripts than computers. 55．Which of the following might the author approve of? A．A miss is as good as a mile. B．One false move loses all. C．Every cloud has a silver lining. D．Close enough is good enough. 主题03 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （2026·天津河西·二模）In an era dominated by instant messaging and social media platforms, the art of genuine dialogue — where ideas are exchanged, challenged, and polished through patient reasoning — is quietly fading. While technology has undeniably made information accessible to all, its impact on the quality of human communication invites serious concern. What we often mistake for conversation is merely parallel monologue (独白): individuals taking turns to express pre-packaged opinions without genuine engagement with opposing views. The main point of the problem lies in what psychologist Sherry Turkle terms “the flight from conversation.” Humans, by nature, seek cognitive (认知的) efficiency; disagreeable viewpoints demand mental effort, whereas affirmation offers comfort. Digital environments, designed to maximize user engagement, exploit this tendency by algorithmically presenting content that matches our existing beliefs — a phenomenon known as the echo chamber effect (回声室效应). Consequently, the slow, uncomfortable process of dealing with conflicting perspectives is replaced by the instant pleasure of virtual approval. The result is not a strong exchange of ideas but a fragile agreement built on mutual (互相的) ignorance. Admittedly, supporters of digital communication argue that online platforms have given voice to ignored groups and facilitated global movements. However, this defense misses a deeper point: the spread of information is not the same as the deepening of understanding. A thousand shares online do not equal a single meaningful conversation in which one’s beliefs are genuinely questioned. Without face-to-face conversation — where tone, hesitation, and body language provide crucial context — messages easily lose their subtle shades, leading to misunderstandings which in turn divide people into opposite camps. What, then, is to be done? Restoring genuine dialogue requires more than limiting screen time; it demands a careful practice of being willing to accept we may be wrong. This means actively seeking out views that make us worried, resisting the strong wish to interrupt, and acknowledging that being proven wrong is not a defeat but an opportunity for growth. Educational institutions bear a special responsibility here: they must develop classrooms where debate is structured not as a competition to win, but as a collaborative search for truth. Only by relearning the lost art of patient listening and critical response can we hope to bridge the widening gaps in our ties between people. The consequences are severe. Without a conscious effort to bring back authentic conversation, we risk retreating further into groups with only one idea where the very possibility of mutual understanding is dismissed as simple-minded. In the end, the question is not whether technology is good or bad, but whether we possess the wisdom to use it without losing ourselves. 51．According to the author, what is the real nature of most online “conversations”? A．A constructive exchange of diverse ideas. B．A series of individual expressions without true interaction. C．A convenient way to reach agreement by avoiding conflict. D．A platform for sharing different opinions quickly. 52．The “echo chamber effect” (paragraph 2) occurs mainly because digital platforms . A．aim to promote interaction between users with different views. B．require users to provide reasons for their viewpoints. C．filter out information that challenges users’ opinions. D．prioritize content that matches users’ existing beliefs. 53．According to the author, what is essential for restoring the art of genuine dialogue? A．Merely reducing the time spent on digital devices to avoid distractions. B．The willingness to accept the possibility of being wrong and seeking different views. C．Structuring debates as a competition to win for building confidence and logic. D．Avoiding views that cause worry to maintain mental comfort and efficiency. 54．What does the author suggest educational institutions should do? A．Limit the use of electronic devices in classrooms. B．Train students to win debates with logical skills. C．Create an environment where debate focuses on shared understanding. D．Advise students to avoid discussing with those holding opposite views. 55．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To argue that genuine dialogue is declining and needs conscious restoration. B．To analyze the negative effects of digital communication on relationships. C．To emphasize the irreplaceable role of face-to-face talk in deep understanding. D．To describe how technology has helped more people share their voices. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $