专题04 阅读理解之说明文15篇-2026年中考英语热点话题题型专练（广东专用）

**基本信息** 聚焦广东中考说明文阅读，精选15篇热点话题文本，系统覆盖细节理解、词义猜测、主旨归纳等核心题型，强化语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |自然科学|5篇（如“颤抖的原因”“沙丘移动”）|细节题占比60%，注重因果关系分析|现象描述→原理阐释→应用拓展的逻辑链| |文化科技|7篇（如“沙漠图书馆”“AI机器人”）|词义猜测题占35%，结合跨文化背景|概念引入→特征说明→价值意义的递进结构| |社会生态|3篇（如“电子垃圾”“粮食生产”）|主旨题占25%，强调问题解决思维|问题呈现→影响分析→对策建议的论证框架|

专题04 阅读理解之说明文15篇（广东专用） （精选中考模拟热点话题） Have you ever felt your body shake uncontrollably from cold or exercise? Shivering is a common bodily reaction and our body’s smart way to protect itself. Let’s learn the reasons. The most common reason is to stay warm. When the temperature drops, our skin senses the cold and sends a message to the brain. The brain tells our muscles to contract and relax quickly. This rapid movement is shivering. Muscles produce heat when they work. This heat keeps the vital parts of our body working the right way. Shivering also happens when we’re anxious, scared or nervous. Before a big exam or performance, your hands might shake slightly. This is because when you feel stressed, special body chemicals move quickly through you. This makes your heart beat faster and your muscles get tight. Another reason is after intense exercise. When you work out hard, muscles use much energy and produce lots of heat. After stopping, body temperature drops fast, and shivering starts to balance it. Tiredness or lack of food can also make you more likely to shiver. ▲ It stops on its own when you warm up, calm down or get enough energy. But if you shiver for no reason or for a long time, ask a doctor for advice. In short, shivering is natural self-protection. It shows how amazing our bodies are. They find smart ways to keep us safe. Next time you shake, remember it’s just your body doing its job! 1．What does the brain tell muscles to do when the body feels cold? A．Relax slowly. B．Contract and relax quickly. C．Stop working for a while. D．Protect the skin directly. 2．Why might people shiver after intense exercise? A．Their body temperature drops fast. B．They have too much energy. C．Muscles produce lots of heat. D．They feel tired of exercise. 3．What does the underlined word “vital” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Common. B．Weak. C．Strong. D．Important. 4．Which sentence can be put in the blank ▲ ? A．Shivering is always bad for health. B．Mostly, shivering is normal and harmless. C．Cold is the only cause of shivering. D．Shivering often makes people feel worried. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．How to Stop Shivering Quickly? B．How to Stay Warm in Cold Weather? C．Why We Need to Exercise? D．Why Do People Shiver? 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了发抖的几种常见原因：寒冷时身体产热保暖、焦虑或紧张时的身体反应、剧烈运动后体温快速下降等，并指出发抖是身体的一种自然自我保护机制。 1．第二段指出：“The brain tells our muscles to contract and relax quickly.”，这说明当身体感到寒冷时，大脑会告诉肌肉快速收缩和放松。 2．第四段指出：“After stopping, body temperature drops fast, and shivering starts to balance it.”，这说明剧烈运动后身体会发抖，是因为停止运动后体温快速下降。 3．第二段提到发抖产生的热量“keeps the vital parts of our body working the right way”，结合常识，身体需要保持正常工作的重要部位（如心脏、大脑等），“vital”在此处意为“重要的”。 4．文章前四段介绍了发抖的多种原因，第五段空白处后提到“It stops on its own when you warm up, calm down or get enough energy”，说明大多数情况下发抖会自行停止。因此空白处应填入一个总结性句子，说明发抖通常是正常且无害的。选项B“Mostly, shivering is normal and harmless.”符合上下文逻辑。 5．全文围绕“发抖”这一主题，分别介绍了寒冷、紧张、运动后等不同情况下的发抖原因，并解释了发抖是身体自我保护的一种方式。因此最佳标题应概括全文主旨——人们为什么会发抖。 In the southeast of the Tengger Desert in Ningxia, there is a new library. The three-storey library opened on June 8th in 2022 in the Shapotou desert tourist area in Zhongwei City. The chocolate-coloured building looks like a box with half of it in the desert. It brings knowledge to book lovers, tourists and architects (建筑师). The library is also called “Lost Treasure Box”. According to Liu Huiling, a manager in the library, the name “Lost Treasure Box” was taken as the library lies at a place in which many important historical events took place. “With rich ‘memories’, it has a lot to be discovered and told,” Liu said. With a collection of about 40,000 books, newspapers and magazines, the library is part of a desert culture and tourism project, which is supported by the local government. Lying between the Tengger Desert and the Yellow River, Zhongwei City has been making great work in recent years to develop its culture. “This is the first modern library ever built in the desert in China. Since it started serving the public 24 hours a day, it has won lots of good reviews,” said Liu. The library also shows the harmony between the desert and human activities after years of anti-desertification (抗沙漠化) work. Yang Fang, a visitor from Fujian Province, brought her 8-year-old daughter to the library. “With stars overhead at night, my daughter can enjoy sounds of the wind in the desert while reading,” she said. 1．What can’t we learn about the desert library from Paragraph 1? A．Its location. B．Its material. C．Its opening date. D．Its colour and shape. 2．What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．What can be found in the desert library. B．How colourful the desert library’s history is. C．Why the desert library is called “Lost Treasure Box”. D．What events took place near the “Lost Treasure Box”. 3．What does the underlined word “supported” most probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．Stopped. B．Created. C．Found. D．Helped. 4．What does the writer want to show in the last paragraph? A．A mother’s love for her daughter. B．The beauty of the Tengger Desert. C．People’s love for the desert library. D．A girl’s interest in travelling and reading. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．A Desert Library B．A Trip to A Desert C．A Lost Treasure Box D．A Place with Rich Memories 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了位于宁夏腾格里沙漠东南部中卫市沙坡头旅游区的沙漠图书馆。 1．第一段中提到“In the southeast of the Tengger Desert in Ningxia... in Zhongwei City”，“opened on June 8th in 2022”，“The chocolate-coloured building looks like a box”，但未提及建筑材料 (material)，所以选项B“Its material.”是答案。 2．第二段中提到“the name ‘Lost Treasure Box’ was taken as the library lies at a place in which many important historical events took place... it has a lot to be discovered and told”，这说明本段主要解释沙漠图书馆为什么被称为“遗失的宝盒”，所以选项C“Why the desert library is called ‘Lost Treasure Box’.”正确。 3．第三段中提到“the library is part of a desert culture and tourism project, which is supported by the local government”，说明当地政府对该项目是“支持”的，所以“supported”意为“帮助/支持”，选项D“Helped.”正确。 4．最后一段通过游客Yang Fang带女儿来图书馆的体验，描述夜晚头顶星光、在沙漠中边听风声边读书的美好感受，这体现了人们对沙漠图书馆的喜爱，所以选项C“People’s love for the desert library.”正确 5．全文围绕“沙漠中的图书馆”这一核心事物展开，介绍了它的位置、外观、名称由来、运营情况和游客感受，所以选项A“A Desert Library”最合适。 On the evening of March 3, 2026, a beautiful and unusual event appeared in the sky over parts of China. People saw a “blood moon” on the night of the Lantern Festival, making the celebration even more special. So, ________ It appears during a total lunar eclipse (月全食). This happens when the Earth moves directly between the Sun and the Moon. As a result, the Moon falls into the earth’s darkest shadow. You might expect the Moon to turn completely black. However, it takes on a reddish or orange color instead. Why does this happen? Because the earth’s atmosphere (大气层) turns the longer wavelengths of red sunlight onto the moon’s surface. That is why we call it a “blood moon”. Mr. Tang Haiming, an expert from the Shanghai Astronomical Society, explained that the total eclipse lasted nearly one hour—from 7:04 pm to 8:03 pm. This is much longer than a total solar eclipse, which usually lasts only a few minutes. Many people across East Asia had the chance to see this event. In China, the best viewing locations included Taiwan, Shanghai, and the provinces of Shandong, Jiangsu, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, and Jilin. People living in central China might also have caught a glimpse. However, cloudy or rainy weather could have made it difficult to see clearly. According to Mr. Tang, the next blood moon that people in China can see will not happen until January 1, 2029. Therefore, this lunar eclipse was a rare and wonderful gift for everyone who looked up at the night sky during the Lantern Festival. 1．The blood moon is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to ________. A．introduce a special Lantern Festival event B．ask people to look at the moon C．show the beauty of the night sky D．compare different sky events 2．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 2? A．is it easy to see the blood moon every year? B．does the blood moon appear in many countries? C．what exactly is a blood moon? D．can we take photos of the blood moon easily? 3．What does the underlined word “glimpse” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．A clear view. B．A quick look. C．A long wait. D．A bright light. 4．How long did the total lunar eclipse last in 2026? A．For nearly an hour. B．For a few minutes. C．For the whole night. D．For two hours. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to enjoy the Lantern Festival. B．A special “blood moon” in 2026. C．The way to watch the blood moon. D．The time of the next blood moon. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了2026年元宵节恰逢月全食的罕见天象，解释了月全食和“红月亮”的形成原理，说明了这一现象的稀有性与文化意义。 1．第一段提到：“a beautiful and unusual event appeared in the sky over parts of China”，“People saw a 'blood moon’ on the night of the Lantern Festival, making the celebration even more special.”，这说明文章第一段提到血月是为了引出元宵节的一个特殊事件。 2．第二段开头设空，后文解释：“It appears during a total lunar eclipse. This happens when the Earth moves directly between the Sun and the Moon.”并详细说明了血月的成因，因此空格处应是引出“血月到底是什么”的问题。 3．第三段提到：“People living in central China might also have caught a glimpse.”，根据上下文语境，这是说住在华中地区的人也可能“瞥见”过血月，因此“glimpse”意为“快速一看”。 4．第三段明确说明：“the total eclipse lasted nearly one hour—from 7:04 pm to 8:03 pm.”，因此月全食持续了将近一个小时。 5．全文围绕2026年出现在中国的特殊血月展开，介绍了它的形成、观测信息等，因此主旨是2026年这次特殊的血月。 Who grows our food? The question seems simple, but food often travels across many countries before reaching our plates. Today, only one in seven countries can produce enough food for their people. So we need to know clearly who really grows food for the world. Many people believe that big farms with modern machines keep the world fed. But a study of 198 countries shows us a distinct fact: small farms, usually very small in size, provide most of our daily food. In Australia, small farms are less than 1 percent of all farms but supply (供应) 15 percent of the country’s food. Small farms produce a much larger share of the nation’s food than their farm count would suggest. In 46 countries, small farms are the main food providers, meeting the daily food needs of 5 billion people around the world. However, ▲ They often face unstable (不稳定的) land rights, climate risks, and unfair trade rules. These problems do not just stay in one country; they spread to other nations. If small farmers lose their land or income (收入), food shortage will influence all of us. Protecting food production from small farms requires not only national efforts to support farmers, but also global rules to make sure they have their own land and can sell their products easily. Now that we know who grows our food, we must think highly of them and make good policies for them, both at home and around the world. 1．The fact that few countries grow enough food is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to show ________ A．What small farms can bring to the world. B．How food travels from country to country. C．How powerful big farms are in rich countries. D．Why it’s important to know who grows food worldwide. 2．What does the underlined word “distinct” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Famous. B．Boring. C．Different. D．Painful. 3．Which of the following shows the relationship between farm size and food supply? (x: farm size, y: food supply (%)) A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 4? A．big farms have fewer problems to solve. B．many people don’t respect small farmers. C．small farm owners have many difficulties. D．food travels across many countries quickly. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Food Shortage in Rich Countries B．Small Farms Grow Our Food C．Ways to Increase Food Production D．Global Trade Rules for Farmers 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了全球粮食供应的主要来源——小农场，并指出小农场主面临的困难以及保护小农场的重要性。 1．第一段指出：“Today, only one in seven countries can produce enough food for their people. So we need to know clearly who really grows food for the world.”，说明这一事实是为了引出“知道谁真正为世界种植粮食很重要”。 2．第二段指出：“a study of 198 countries shows us a distinct fact: small farms...provide most of our daily food.”，这个事实与人们普遍认为的“big farms with modern machines keep the world fed”不同，因此“distinct”意为“不同的”。 3．第二段指出：“small farms, usually very small in size, provide most of our daily food.”，第三段指出：“Small farms produce a much larger share of the nation’s food than their farm count would suggest.”，说明小农场在粮食供应中占主导地位，农场规模与粮食供应占比呈负相关趋势，即农场规模越小，供应占比越高。选项B为下降直线，符合这一趋势的简化表达。 4．前文第三段指出小农场是主要粮食供应者，第四段后文提到“They often face unstable land rights, climate risks, and unfair trade rules.”，因此应填“small farm owners have many difficulties”。 5．全文围绕小农场是全球粮食供应的主要来源这一核心观点展开。 Did you know that dunes (沙丘) can move? This sounds like something from a science fiction movie, but it happens in real life. However, a new study from Nanjing University found that the dunes in western China’s deserts are moving more slowly now. According to the study, dunes form in places with a lot of sand and little water. They change shape and move depending on how the wind blows. The team studied dunes in western China’s desert using pictures from 1986 to 2021. Satellites (卫星) took these pictures from the sky. The team found that the moving speed of dunes has slowed down by 30 percent. In the area with the fastest fall, the speed dropped from about 9 meters each year to 4.5 meters each year. The main reason is that the wind is not as strong, so it carries less sand. Why is the wind getting weaker? Scientists say that global warming is the main cause. As the Earth’s temperature rises, the temperature difference between the polar areas (极地地区) and the equator (赤道) becomes smaller. This makes the wind blow less strongly. This finding supports the idea of “global wind stilling”. It means wind near the ground is slowing down worldwide. ▲ . As the slower wind takes away less sand, dust storms happen less often. This helps plants grow back in dry areas. However, slower near-ground wind can also make wind power work less well. It may also make it harder for pollution to go away, said researchers from Nanjing University. 1．Why does the writer mention “a science fiction movie” in Paragraph 1? A．To show that dunes-moving is a new idea. B．To show that moving dunes seem unreal but are real. C．To prove that dunes only move in science fiction movies. D．To compare desert dunes with scenes in science fictions. 2．According to the study, what happened to the dune movement speed in the area with the fastest fall? A．It stayed the same over 35 years. B．It became 30% faster than before. C．It increased from 4.5 to 9 meters per year. D．It dropped from 9 to 4.5 meters per year. 3．What does the underlined word “stilling” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Turning around B．Moving fast C．Becoming weak D．Climbing up 4．Which of the following can be put in the “ ▲ ” in the passage? A．This slowdown is bad news for all living things. B．This change brings both good and bad effects. C．This leads to less sand being carried by the wind. D．This has already been proved by many studies. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Dunes Are Moving More Slowly B．Global Warming and Sandstorms C．How Wind Shapes the Desert D．Ways to Protect the Environment 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了南京大学的一项研究：受全球变暖影响，中国西部沙漠的沙丘移动速度正在放缓。 1．结合第一段“Did you know that dunes (沙丘) can move? This sounds like something from a science fiction movie, but it happens in real life.”可知，作者提到科幻电影，是为了说明“沙丘会移动”这件事听起来像虚构的科幻情节，但在现实中真实存在，突出“看似不真实却真实发生”的特点。 2．结合第三段“In the area with the fastest fall, the speed dropped from about 9 meters each year to 4.5 meters each year.”可知，下降最快的区域，沙丘移动速度从每年约9米降至4.5米。 3．根据第五段“This finding supports the idea of ‘global wind stilling’. It means wind near the ground is slowing down worldwide.”可知，后文用“It means...”解释了“global wind stilling”的含义，即“近地面的风在全球范围内减弱”，因此“stilling”的意思是“变弱、减弱”。 4．根据第5段“It means wind near the ground is slowing down worldwide. ______. As the slower wind takes away less sand, dust storms happen less often.”可知，空格处需要衔接“风力减弱”和“沙尘暴减少”的逻辑，后文提到“slower wind takes away less sand”，C选项“这导致风携带的沙子变少”能完美承接上下文。 5．全文围绕“沙丘移动速度放缓”这一核心主题展开，介绍了现象、原因和影响，因此最适合的标题是“Dunes Are Moving More Slowly”。 The 2026 CCTV Spring Festival Gala presented an amazing program named Wu BOT. In the special show, humanoid robots—robots that look and move like humans—performed traditional Chinese kung fu together with young martial artists. It soon turned out to be one of the most popular and unforgettable shows of the year. These smart robots were developed and produced by Unitree Technology. They are able to perform difficult and wonderful kung fu movements, including drunken boxing and nunchucks (双节棍). They performed perfectly on stage with students from Tagou Martial Arts School. Thanks to high-precision (高精度的) control, the robots can move smoothly and correctly just like real performers. The robots have improved greatly in just one year. At the 2025 gala, they could only take part in simple group dances. However, in the 2026 gala, they are able to perform difficult kung fu moves without difficulty. This fact clearly shows that China’s robot technology is developing at high speed. Wu BOT is more than just an interesting performance. It successfully brings together traditional Chinese culture and modern technology. ________. In the future, robots like these will be used widely in many parts of our daily life. 1．Why could the robots move very well on stage? A．Because they practice every day. B．Because they are very light. C．Because they have high-precision control. D．Because they can dance well. 2．What does the underlined word “humanoid” probably mean? A．Small and light. B．Very expensive. C．Fast and strong. D．Having a human-like shape and appearance. 3．What progress did the robots make in a year? A．They could talk with people. B．They could work at home. C．They could do difficult kung fu. D．They could teach kung fu. 4．Which can be put in “________”? A．Kung fu is a kind of Chinese culture. B．Many young people want to learn kung fu. C．The gala has many interesting shows. D．It also shows the latest development of China’s robots. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Traditional Chinese Kung Fu B．A popular robot kung fu show C．How to make humanoid robots D．The history of the Spring Festival Gala 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了2026年央视春晚节目《武Bot》，讲述了人形机器人与武术演员同台表演功夫的细节、技术突破，并展现了中国机器人技术的发展速度与文化融合意义。 1．第二段明确提到：“Thanks to high-precision control, the robots can move smoothly and correctly just like real performers.”，这直接说明机器人能在舞台上流畅动作的原因是高精度控制。 2．第一段给出解释：“humanoid robots—robots that look and move like humans”，破折号后的内容直接定义了“humanoid”，即外形和动作都像人类。 3．第三段对比说明：“At the 2025 gala, they could only take part in simple group dances. However, in the 2026 gala, they are able to perform difficult kung fu moves without difficulty.”，这表明机器人一年间的进步是从简单群舞升级到能表演高难度功夫。 4．第四段前文提到节目“brings together traditional Chinese culture and modern technology”，后文展望机器人的未来应用，中间需要衔接“机器人技术发展”的内容，选项D“It also shows the latest development of China’s robots.”既承接了前文的技术话题，又引出了后文的未来展望，逻辑连贯。 5．全文围绕春晚机器人功夫表演展开，介绍了节目内容、技术细节与意义，因此最佳标题是“A popular robot kung fu show”。 Unitree Robotics, set up by Wang Xingxing in 2016, is very successful in the field of robots. At the 2026 Spring Festival Gala, its G1 and H2 robots worked with martial (武术) artists to put on a wonderful kung fu show. They performed difficult movements perfectly without any mistakes, showing that technology can work well with traditional Chinese culture. Wang has loved robots since childhood. At 14, he built his first walking robot with toy car wheels and old watch batteries. Though it only took three steps before falling, the experience taught him to keep trying. In 2013, he created X Dog, a dog-shaped robot faster than real animals, laying a solid (坚实的) foundation for his later creations. ▲ They always offer help to people in many fields of life. They read interesting stories to sick children in hospitals to cheer them up. They also check dangerous factory equipment to protect workers, help teachers give lively classes at school, and assist (帮助) the disabled. Guide robots can lead blind people through busy streets using special sensors (传感器). Another robot can use its arm to help wheelchair users pick up objects. “Technology should make life warmer,” Wang says. These robots use easy-to-understand technology. Special cameras act as their eyes, while computers help them learn. For example, to perform kung fu, they watched human performances repeatedly. In 2023, Unitree’s models accounted for 70% of all four-legged robots in the global market, and its humanoid robots won high praise from global media. Wang often encourages students: “I failed English tests but never gave up on robot dreams. Don’t let weaknesses stop you!” 1．What did Unitree’s robots do at the 2026 Spring Festival Gala? A．Taught kung fu online. B．Performed kung fu with martial artists. C．Created new kung fu moves. D．Sang with young artists. 2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．Wang’s early experience in robot making. B．How X Dog helps people in daily life. C．Why Wang founded Unitree in 2016. D．The story of the Spring Festival Gala robot. 3．Which of the following can be put in   ▲ in Paragraph 3? A．AI helps robots work better. B．Robots can do many difficult jobs. C．Unitree’s robots are warm-hearted. D．Unitree’s robots sell well around the world. 4．What can Unitree’s robots do according to the passage? ①Help disabled people. ②Read stories to sick kids. ③Help with teaching at school. ④Play ball games with people. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 5．What advice did Wang give to students? A．Good grades are the key to making new robots. B．Everyone should make his own robot in daily life. C．We should give up our dreams when facing difficulties. D．We should hold on to our dreams in spite of weaknesses. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了宇树科技创始人王兴兴的机器人研发经历、旗下机器人的多样暖心用途、技术优势与全球影响力，并分享了他鼓励学生坚守梦想的人生建议。 1．第一段指出：“At the 2026 Spring Festival Gala, its G1 and H2 robots worked with martial artists to put on a wonderful kung fu show.”，说明机器人和武术演员共同表演功夫节目。 2．第二段介绍了王兴兴从小喜爱机器人、14岁制作首个机器人、2013年研发机器狗等经历，整体围绕他早期制作机器人的经历展开，对应本段主旨。 3．第三段后文列举机器人为病患儿童读故事、保障工人安全、辅助教学、帮助残障人士等暖心行为，填入“Unitree’s robots are warm-hearted.”可总领全段，衔接上下文。 4．第三段提到：“They read interesting stories to sick children…help teachers give lively classes at school, and assist the disabled.”，文中未提及机器人陪人打球，因此①②③正确。 5．最后一段王兴兴说：“I failed English tests but never gave up on robot dreams. Don’t let weaknesses stop you!”，鼓励学生不要因弱点而放弃梦想。 As the 2026 Year of the Horse draws near, four cute Spring Festival Gala mascots (吉祥物) catch people’s attention. They are Qiqi, Jiji, Chichi and Chengcheng. Their names together mean “galloping forward (骐骥驰骋)”, which perfectly matches the gala’s theme, “Unstoppable Momentum” (势不可挡). Qiqi comes from the Li Ju Zun, a valuable Western Zhou artifact (文物). With a blue-black coat, it looks serious and elegant (优雅的). Wearing the head decoration “danglu” and tidy hair, Qiqi seems polite, energetic and full of hope for moving forward. Jiji is designed after Han Dynasty sky horses. Its body copies the national treasure Bronze Galloping Horse (铜奔马). With wings spread wide, it seems to chase the sun through clouds, showing a spirit of trying hard to do better. Chichi is modeled on the Tang Dynasty Three-Flowered Horse. This kind of horse got its name because people cut its neck hair into three parts. Chichi looks lively and happy, and its tied-up tail makes it look brave and cool. It shows a confident and calm way of acting. Chengcheng is based on the Przewalski’s horse (普氏野马), the only living wild horse species (物种) on Earth. China has the largest population of them, which is a big success in wildlife protection. Chengcheng represents harmony between humans and nature. In Chinese culture, horses stand for strength, bravery and good luck. These four mascots not only carry forward traditional Chinese culture, but also show the beauty of nature and ecological (生态的) progress. They will surely bring joy and good luck to everyone during the Spring Festival. 1．Which mascot comes from the sky horses of the Han Dynasty? A． B． C． D． 2．What does Chengcheng stand for? A．Energy and hope. B．Hard work and success. C．Confidence and calmness. D．Ecological harmony. 3．What can we learn about the four mascots from the passage? A．They all carry forward traditional culture. B．They all have wings and head decorations. C．They all represent confidence and bravery. D．They all come from ancient Chinese artifacts. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To explain the history of Chinese bronze horses. B．To show different kinds of horses in Chinese history. C．To describe the theme of the 2026 Spring Festival Gala. D．To introduce the four 2026 Spring Festival Gala horse mascots. 5．Which part of the newspaper can we find this material? A．Fashion. B．Culture. C．Science. D．Entertainment. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了2026马年春晚四个吉祥物的命名含义、设计原型、外形特点与象征意义，展现了中华传统文化魅力以及人与自然和谐发展的理念。 1．第二个表格指出：“Jiji is designed after Han Dynasty sky horses. Its body copies the national treasure Bronze Galloping Horse.”，明确说明Jiji来源于汉代天马。 2．第四个表格指出：“Chengcheng represents harmony between humans and nature.”，人与自然和谐对应生态和谐。 3．最后一段指出：“These four mascots not only carry forward traditional Chinese culture...”，说明它们都传承了中国传统文化。 4．文章开篇指出四只吉祥物引人关注，随后分别介绍其设计来源与寓意，最后总结。全文旨在介绍2026年春晚的四只马年吉祥物。 5．文章介绍春晚吉祥物及其背后的中国传统文化、文物和生态意义，属于文化类内容。 Do dogs understand us? Be careful about what you say around your dog. It might understand more than you think. “A border collie(边牧) named Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects,” said researchers in Germany. ▲ . Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or a chimpanzee (黑猩猩). In one experiment (实验), the researchers prepared all 200 items that Rico was supposed to know. They divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects. Then the owner told the dog to go and get one of the items. In four tests, Rico got 37 out of 40 commands (命令) right. As the dog couldn’t see anyone to get clues, the scientists believed Rico must understand the meanings of certain words. In another experiment, the scientists used one toy that Rico had never seen before. They put it with seven toys whose names the dog already knew. The owner then told Rico to get the new toy, using a word the dog had never heard before. The correct object was chosen in 7 out of 10 similar tests, suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination (排除法). A month later, Rico remembered half of the new names, which was even more amazing. Rico is thought to be smarter than most dogs. For one thing, Rico is a border collie, which is known for its mental abilities. In addition, the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months. It’s hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can’t talk back. Still, it wouldn’t hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return! 1．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 2? A．The dog prefers playing with toys to learn new words. B．The dog can learn new words as easily as a young child. C．The dog needs a lot of practice to remember new words. D．The dog can understand every word its owner says. 2．From Paragraph 3 we know that ________. A．Rico was asked to fetch a toy that he already knew. B．Rico could remember all the new names a month later. C．Rico chose the correct toy in most of the tests. D．Rico got help from the owner to find the new toy. 3．Both experiments show that ________. A．Rico is smart enough to get all commands right B．Rico can recognize different things including toys C．Rico has developed the ability of learning maths D．Rico won’t forget the names of objects once recognizing them 4．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The experiments prove that all dogs understand human words. B．Rico has a good memory because of its proper early training. C．Rico managed to get 37 out of 40 commands right in a single test. D．Border collies are born to understand their owner’s commands. 5．The best title for the passage is ________ A．Can Dogs Really Understand What We Say? B．Rico: A Dog that Learned Hundreds of Words. C．The Secret to Raising a Smart Border Collie. D．Why Should You be Careful about Your Dog? 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文以边牧Rico为研究对象，通过两组实验证明狗狗具备识物、听懂指令、推理记忆的能力，分析它聪明的原因，并引发思考：狗狗究竟能否听懂人类的语言。 1． 根据前后原文“Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects. Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or a chimpanzee.”可知，前后都在夸赞这只狗的词汇学习能力很强，和幼儿学新词的能力相近，B选项“The dog can learn new words as easily as a young child.”符合语境。 2． 根据第三段“The correct object was chosen in 7 out of 10 similar tests.”可知，十次测试里有七次选对新玩具，说明Rico在大部分测试中都能选出正确玩具。C选项“Rico chose the correct toy in most of the tests.”符合语境。 3．根据实验内容，第一组实验让它按指令取已知物品；第二组实验让它辨认、记住陌生玩具名称。可知，两次实验都证明Rico能够识别包括玩具在内的不同物品。B选项“Rico can recognize different things including toys.”符合语境。 4． 根据第四段“…the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.”可知，Rico记忆力好，得益于从小就接受正规训练，B选项“Rico has a good memory because of its proper early training.”表述正确；其余选项均和原文不符。 5． 根据全文首句和内容可知，文章围绕 “狗狗是否能听懂人类话语”展开，用Rico的实验来论证观点。因此全文中心话题是狗狗是否真的能听懂我们说的话，适合做文章标题。A选项“Can Dogs Really Understand What We Say?”符合题意。 Animals have played an important role in scientific research for a long time. Frogs helped us learn how cells (细胞) work. Pigs helped develop CT scans. But animals are not always perfect models for human beings. Animal protection is one reason. Besides, raising research animals can be expensive — it takes much time and care. Most importantly, medicines that work on animals often fail on humans. For example, over 90% of cancer drugs that worked well in animals did not help human patients. So scientists are trying to find new research ways. One new way is artificial intelligence (AI). AI shows its great power in speeding up or replacing (代替) steps in scientists’ work. In one study, an AI model checked 190,000 chemicals to see if they were harmful. The result was 87 percent correct. It did a better job than repeated animal tests. In another test, scientists used AI to find out how rats would react (反应) to new drugs. The result was almost the same as real animal tests — but no animals were used! In the past, a similar test needed over 8,000 rats. In the future, AI may help test medicines for humans directly. Another new way is “organs-on-chips” (器官芯片) technology. Scientists can make a man-made lung or a mini brain on a chip. These tiny organs work like real ones by using human cells. So they are more dependable than animal models for medicine testing. Will we stop using animals in research completely? Maybe not soon. But scientists are trying their best to reduce the number of research animals. 1．Which of the following is the most important reason for scientists to find new research ways? A．Animal protection. B．The high cost of raising animals. C．Fewer research animals. D．Medicines’animal-human failure. 2．Why are numbers used in paragraph 3? A．To show the great power of AI in tests. B．To explain the meaning of scientists’ work. C．To state the number of animals used in the tests. D．To prove the importance of animals in medical tests. 3．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in paragraph 4? A．Scientists. B．Animals. C．Human cells. D．Tiny organs. 4．What will scientists probably do next according to the last paragraph? A．They will help set new laws to stop using animals. B．They will stop using animals in research very soon. C．They will find more ways to replace research animals. D．They will use more frogs and pigs for medicine testing. 5．What’s the structure of the passage? (P = Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了动物在科研中的作用及其局限性，并探讨了人工智能、器官芯片等替代动物实验的新方法。 1．根据第二段“Most importantly, medicines that work on animals often fail on humans.”可知，药物在动物身上有效却对人类无效，这是科学家寻找新研究方法的最重要原因。 2．根据第三段中“190,000 chemicals”“87 percent correct”“over 8,000 rats”等数据可知，此处用数字对比说明AI在测试中的效率和准确性。 3．根据第四段“Scientists can make a man-made lung or a mini brain on a chip. These tiny organs work like real ones…So they are more dependable than animal models for medicine testing.”可知，划线词“they”指代前文中的“tiny organs”。 4．根据最后一段“But scientists are trying their best to reduce the number of research animals.”可知，科学家未来会继续寻找更多替代动物实验的方法。 5．文章结构为：第一段引入话题，第二段说明动物实验的局限性，第三、四段介绍两种替代方法，第五段总结。 A great scientific discovery amazed the world. Chinese scientists have already found a new method to produce water on the moon, which could change how we think about living on the moon in the future! Their discovery shows that by using lunar soil, scientists can get a lot of water on the moon. In the past, the research on the moon showed that there might be ice at the moon’s north and south poles (极). However, there isn’t much water in lunar minerals (矿物) — only a little bit, like 0.0001 percent to 0.02 percent, which makes it hard to find and use water there. ___________ The researchers, however, found something exciting, after studying the rocks and soil from the moon brought back by the Chang’e-5 spacecraft. One of the exciting things they discovered is that lunar soil melts (熔化) when the temperature rises above 1,000℃. When it begins to melt, it gives off water vapor (蒸汽). They learned that just 100g of lunar soil can produce 5.1 g to 7.6 g of water. So, if we had one ton of lunar soil, we could get between 51 kg and 76 kg of water. That’s enough for 50 people to drink for one day! All in all, this research reveals new possibilities for finding water on the moon. It’s important for future trips to the moon and people who might live there someday. As we learn more about how to get water from lunar soil, we get closer to the dream of humans living on the moon! 1．What may the discovery change according to Paragraph 1? A．The purpose of the moon exploration. B．The way to do research on lunar minerals. C．People’s ideas about living on the moon. D．The method to produce water on the earth. 2．Which of the following can be put in “__________” in Paragraph 2? A．So it’s difficult for people to expect to live on the moon. B．So it’s easy for scientists to collect ice on the moon. C．So it’s expensive to get water from lunar minerals. D．So it’s possible to bring water to the moon from the earth. 3．How much water may the researchers get if they have 1,000g of lunar soil? A． B． C． D． 4．What does the underlined word “reveals” probably mean in the last paragraph? A．Loses. B．Hides. C．Needs. D．Shows. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．A new way to get water on the moon. B．Human trips to the moon in the future. C．How human can survive on the moon. D．Why the lunar soil produces water vapor. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国科学家发现的一种从月球土壤中制取水的新方法，及其对未来月球探索和人类定居的重要意义。 1．第一段指出“Chinese scientists have already found a new method to produce water on the moon, which could change how we think about living on the moon in the future!”，这一发现可能会改变人们对未来在月球上生活的看法。 2．第二段指出“However, there isn’t much water in lunar minerals — only a little bit, like 0.0001 percent to 0.02 percent, which makes it hard to find and use water there.”，月球矿物中的水含量极低，难以获取和利用，因此人们很难期望在月球上生活，A选项“所以人们很难期望在月球上生活”能承接上下文，符合语境。 3．第三段指出“They learned that just 100g of lunar soil can produce 5.1 g to 7.6 g of water.”，100g月球土壤可产生5.1-7.6g水，因此1000g月球土壤可产生51-76g水，对应选项B的烧杯。 4．最后一段指出“All in all, this research reveals new possibilities for finding water on the moon.”，结合上下文可知，研究为在月球上找水揭示/展现了新的可能性，因此“reveals”意为“展现、揭示”，与“Shows”意思相近。 5．文章围绕中国科学家发现的、从月球土壤中制取水的新方法展开，介绍了这一方法的原理、数据和意义，因此A选项“A new way to get water on the moon”最能概括全文主旨。 Have you ever lost yourself in doing something so that you forget the time? Everything around you—from the ringing of phones to the people passing by—seemed to be away. Most of us have ever had this experience. This special state (状态) of mind is called “flow”. When it happens, we completely focus on (关注) the task before us so that nothing else seems to matter. The idea of flow was introduced and first studied by psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. According to his discovery, whether flow happens depends on the difficulty of the challenge and our skill levels. For example, if the task is not challenging and doesn’t need a lot of skills, we probably feel bored with it. But facing a challenging task without the necessary skills could easily cause worry. He finally found out that when the challenge is difficult and we believe we have enough skills, flow happens. ▲ During flow, people can work faster and better. For example, artists said that they could produce more works easily “without putting in much effort” in a flow state. Flow can also make people more focused and creative because they have to look for new challenges and information to keep the state. With flow, people have greater levels of happiness and satisfaction in their activities. Flow can happen whenever a person is deeply lost in a task. During learning activities, clear plans, challenging tasks and quick feedback (反馈) can help achieve flow. It’s more difficult to achieve flow if people’s attention is distracted, so it’s necessary to turn off smartphones, TV and other electronic products that stop you from focusing. 1．What can people do when they are in flow? A．Finish the task before others. B．Face difficult challenges. C．Give full attention to their tasks. D．Notice others passing by. 2．According to Csikszentmihalyi’s study, what makes the flow state happen? A．When the challenge is low and skills are high. B．When the challenge is high and skills are low. C．When the challenge is high and skills are high. D．When the challenge is low and skills are low. 3．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 4? A．Why is flow so amazing? B．What advantages does flow bring? C．When can people experience flow? D．How do people use the flow model? 4．What does the underlined word “distracted” in the last paragraph mean? A．Focused on. B．Mixed up. C．Written down. D．Taken away. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The Person Who Discovered Flow B．Flow Activities for Students C．The Meaning of Flow D．Experience Flow in Daily Life 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了心理学中的“心流”状态，包括其定义、产生条件、带来的好处以及如何在生活中实现心流状态。 1．文章第2段“When it happens, we completely focus on the task before us so that nothing else seems to matter.”表明处于心流状态的人会全神贯注于他们的任务。 2．文章第3段“He finally found out that when the challenge is difficult and we believe we have enough skills, flow happens.”表明挑战难度高且技能水平高时会产生心流状态。 3．根据后文“During flow, people can work faster and better...Flow can also make people more focused and creative...”可知，第四段主要列举了心流带来的种种好处。 4．文章最后一段“it’s necessary to turn off smartphones, TV and other electronic products that stop you from focusing.”表明电子产品会让人们无法集中注意力，即注意力被分散。“distracted”的意思是“被分散/被转移”，与选项D意思最接近。 5．全文围绕“心流”这一概念展开，介绍了它的定义、产生条件、好处及实现方式，核心是阐释心流的含义与相关知识。选项C最符合文章主题。 Today, anyone can create images (图像) with the help of AI tools. It seems like these images grow even more realistic with each passing day. “But don’t worry,” says Lyu, a computer scientist. Lyu and a group of researchers have offered some advice about how to find out whether or not an image is real. What you need to do is to look carefully. On social media (媒体), it takes you as little as 13 milliseconds to look through a picture. That may be enough to notice what it is, but not enough to think about whether or not it’s real. When you take more time to look, what you find may surprise you. AI programs create images by looking at a great number of real ones. These programs only know what they’ve been given. They don’t know what details (细节) to pay attention to. You can easily find the problems. If there’s a person in an image, Lyu suggests looking at hands and eyes. AI programs aren’t good at producing lifelike hands. They may have six fingers, or fingers that are of the same length (长度). And why should you look at eyes? Humans almost always have circular pupils (圆形瞳孔), but AI often produces strangely shaped pupils. Many AI-created images are not so natural. Straight things may become curved in the images. You can start looking out for AI-created images today. Check it first before you believe anything you see! 1．What can Lyu and his research group offer? A．Some AI tools to create images. B．Advice on how to tell real images from AI-created ones. C．A way to make AI-created images more realistic. D．Tips on using social media to find real images. 2．Why does Lyu suggest looking at hands and eyes if there’s a person in an image? A．Because AI programs are good at producing lifelike hands and eyes. B．Because humans always have six fingers and strangely shaped pupils. C．Because AI programs often make mistakes in producing hands and eyes. D．Because hands and eyes are the most important parts of a person. 3．What does the underlined word “curved” mean in Chinese? A．弯曲的 B．平坦的 C．开阔的 D．高深的 4．Which is the right structure of the passage? (① = paragraph 1 ② = paragraph 2… ) A．① / ②③④⑤⑥ B．①② / ③ / ④⑤⑥ C．① / ②③④⑤ / ⑥ D．① / ② / ③④⑤⑥ 5．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To encourage people to create images with AI tools. B．To express his worries about people’s use of AI tools. C．To discuss the importance of creating images with AI tools. D．To explain how to find out an image is real or not. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了AI生成图像的特点以及如何辨别AI生成图像与真实图像的方法。 1．第一段结尾“offered some advice about how to find out whether or not an image is real.”可知，提供了辨别真实图片和AI生成图片的建议。 2．第四段“AI programs aren’t good…produces strangely shaped pupils.”指出原因：AI在生成手部和眼睛时经常出错，手指数量异常，瞳孔形状怪异。   3．第五段“Many AI-created images…in the images.”指出许多AI生成的图片不自然，说明笔直的事物很可能会变成弯曲的，所以curved应表示“弯曲的”。 4．根据文章内容可知本文为总分总结构。第一段引出话题（AI生成的图像越来越逼真，引出辨别方法），第二、三、四、五段从各方面阐述辨别技巧，最后一段总结建议（学会辨别AI图像）。 5．全文都在讲如何辨别AI生成的虚假图像，所以写作目的是：解释如何判断一张图片是否为真实的。 Xiangsheng, or crosstalk (相声), is one of the most popular performing art forms in China. People of all ages take a great interest in crosstalk in China. It is said that crosstalk first appeared in China during the Ming Dynasty. But most people believed that it was not until the middle and late Qing Dynasty that crosstalk became an independent art form. As the earliest forms of crosstalk, dankou (单口) is performed by an actor who usually tells jokes or humorous stories. It is known as qunkou (群口) when performed by three or more people. But most of the time, crosstalk is performed by two actors, called duikou (对口). The lead actor is called dougen, while the one playing the supporting role is called penggen. The two performers usually discuss or argue over a subject or a social topic in a humorous way. The main purpose, of course, is to make the people laugh loudly. There are four basic skills in modern crosstalk: shuo, xue, dou and chang. Shuo covers telling jokes, guessing riddles and saying tongue twisters (绕口令). Xue is usually a very interesting part of crosstalk and includes imitating the sounds and voices of human beings and animals. Dou means the skills of making people laugh. Chang is a way to show their singing skills to make people pay attention to their performance. In recent years, with the rise of online videos, more and more people focus on crosstalk. In 2008, crosstalk entered the national list of intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in China. 1．When did crosstalk become an independent art form? A．Before the Ming Dynasty. B．After the Ming Dynasty. C．In the middle and late Qing Dynasty. D．Before the middle Qing Dynasty. 2．Which form of crosstalk is performed by an actor? A．Duikou. B．Qunkou. C．Dankou. D．Dougen. 3．What does the underlined word “imitating” mean in English? A．Copying. B．Exchanging C．Creating D．Spreading. 4．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Dankou is the most common form of crosstalk. B．Only old people are interested in crosstalk in China. C．Duikou is performed by three or more people. D．The main purpose of crosstalk is to make the people laugh loudly. 5．Which is the best title? A．The history of Xiangsheng B．An introduction of Xiangsheng C．Three forms of Xiangsheng D．Xiangsheng is very popular in China 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文全面介绍了相声的历史、表演形式、基本技能以及现状等。 1．文中明确提到“But most people believed that it was not until the middle and late Qing Dynasty that crosstalk became an independent art form.”，意思是大多数人认为直到清朝中晚期，相声才成为一种独立的艺术形式。 2．根据文中“As the earliest forms of crosstalk, dankou (单口) is performed by an actor who usually tells jokes or humorous stories.”可知，单口相声是由一名演员表演的，该演员通常会讲笑话或幽默故事。 3．根据“Xue is usually a very interesting part of crosstalk and includes imitating the sounds and voices of human beings and animals.”可知，“学”通常是相声中非常有趣的一部分，包括模仿人和动物的声音。这里“imitating”表达的是对人和动物声音进行模仿、复制的意思，“Copying”有复制、模仿的含义，与“imitating”意思相符。 4．由“The main purpose, of course, is to make the people laugh loudly.”可知，相声的主要目的是让人们开怀大笑。 5．文章全面介绍了相声的历史、表演形式、基本技能以及现状等，用“An introduction of Xiangsheng”作为标题能很好地概括文章主旨。 Electronic waste, or e-waste, is old electronic devices that people throw away, such as old computers, phones, TVs, as well as all kinds of other electronics. While electronics make life easier, they aren’t good for the environment. As new products come out, many old ones are thrown away, instead of being recycled. The chemicals (化学物质) inside them may be a great danger to the environment. If they get into the ground or water, the pollution can cause serious problems. Besides, most electronics require rare metals(属), which must be mined (开采) from the earth. Often the mining process creates serious pollution. Researchers are trying to make people know about the problems of e-waste. They studied a kind of e-waste that’s often not noticed because people don’t think these things are electronics. Researchers call this kind “invisible” e-waste. The study showed that about 1/6 of all e-waste is “invisible” and that the value of this unseen waste is about $9.5 billion a year. Such e-waste weighs about 9 billion kilograms. Surprisingly, toys were at the top of the invisible e-waste list. Worldwide, around 7.3 billion electronic toys are thrown away each year. But the problem is far larger than just toys. The study also showed that some invisible e-waste also comes from things like home alarms, smoke alarms, and power tools. Researchers hope that more people will make much greater efforts to make sure electronics get recycled. 1．What is e-waste according to the passage? A．Old phones and TVs. B．New electronic devices. C．Electronics that still work. D．Old electronics thrown away. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The development of electronic products. B．The number of electronics used by people. C．The main materials used to make electronics. D．The environmental problems caused by electronics. 3．What does the underlined word “invisible” mean in Chinese? A．隐形的 B．智能的 C．精致的 D．危险的 4．According to the study, which kind of invisible e-waste is the largest in number? A．Old computers.B．Electronic toys. C．Home alarms. D．Power tools. 5．What’s the main purpose of the passage? A．To tell people the importance of electronics. B．To teach people how to repair old electronics. C．To show that electronics are becoming more expensive. D．To ask people to pay attention to e-waste and recycle more. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了电子垃圾（e-waste）的定义、危害，以及常被忽视的“隐形电子垃圾”问题，呼吁人们重视电子垃圾回收，减少其对环境的破坏。 1．根据文章第一段中“Electronic waste, or e-waste, is old electronic devices that people throw away, such as old computers, phones, TVs, as well as all kinds of other electronics.”可知，电子垃圾是指人们丢弃的旧电子设备，与D项“Old electronics thrown away.”表述一致。 2．文章第二段主要讲述了电子垃圾带来的环境问题：被丢弃的电子产品中的化学物质会污染土壤和水源，电子产品所需稀有金属的开采过程也会造成严重污染，与D项“The environmental problems caused by electronics.”表述一致。 3．根据文章第三段中“They studied a kind of e-waste that’s often not noticed because people don’t think these things are electronics. Researchers call this kind ‘invisible’ e-waste.”可知，这类电子垃圾常被人们忽视，因此“invisible”在文中的意思是“隐形的、不易被察觉的”。 4．根据文章第四段中“Surprisingly, toys were at the top of the invisible e-waste list. Worldwide, around 7.3 billion electronic toys are thrown away each year.”可知，电子玩具是隐形电子垃圾中数量最多的类别。 5．根据文章最后一段“Researchers hope that more people will make much greater efforts to make sure electronics get recycled.”点明了写作目的：呼吁人们重视电子垃圾问题，做好回收工作，减少环境污染，对应D项。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解之说明文15篇（广东专用） （精选中考模拟热点话题） Have you ever felt your body shake uncontrollably from cold or exercise? Shivering is a common bodily reaction and our body’s smart way to protect itself. Let’s learn the reasons. The most common reason is to stay warm. When the temperature drops, our skin senses the cold and sends a message to the brain. The brain tells our muscles to contract and relax quickly. This rapid movement is shivering. Muscles produce heat when they work. This heat keeps the vital parts of our body working the right way. Shivering also happens when we’re anxious, scared or nervous. Before a big exam or performance, your hands might shake slightly. This is because when you feel stressed, special body chemicals move quickly through you. This makes your heart beat faster and your muscles get tight. Another reason is after intense exercise. When you work out hard, muscles use much energy and produce lots of heat. After stopping, body temperature drops fast, and shivering starts to balance it. Tiredness or lack of food can also make you more likely to shiver. ▲ It stops on its own when you warm up, calm down or get enough energy. But if you shiver for no reason or for a long time, ask a doctor for advice. In short, shivering is natural self-protection. It shows how amazing our bodies are. They find smart ways to keep us safe. Next time you shake, remember it’s just your body doing its job! 1．What does the brain tell muscles to do when the body feels cold? A．Relax slowly. B．Contract and relax quickly. C．Stop working for a while. D．Protect the skin directly. 2．Why might people shiver after intense exercise? A．Their body temperature drops fast. B．They have too much energy. C．Muscles produce lots of heat. D．They feel tired of exercise. 3．What does the underlined word “vital” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Common. B．Weak. C．Strong. D．Important. 4．Which sentence can be put in the blank ▲ ? A．Shivering is always bad for health. B．Mostly, shivering is normal and harmless. C．Cold is the only cause of shivering. D．Shivering often makes people feel worried. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．How to Stop Shivering Quickly? B．How to Stay Warm in Cold Weather? C．Why We Need to Exercise? D．Why Do People Shiver? In the southeast of the Tengger Desert in Ningxia, there is a new library. The three-storey library opened on June 8th in 2022 in the Shapotou desert tourist area in Zhongwei City. The chocolate-coloured building looks like a box with half of it in the desert. It brings knowledge to book lovers, tourists and architects (建筑师). The library is also called “Lost Treasure Box”. According to Liu Huiling, a manager in the library, the name “Lost Treasure Box” was taken as the library lies at a place in which many important historical events took place. “With rich ‘memories’, it has a lot to be discovered and told,” Liu said. With a collection of about 40,000 books, newspapers and magazines, the library is part of a desert culture and tourism project, which is supported by the local government. Lying between the Tengger Desert and the Yellow River, Zhongwei City has been making great work in recent years to develop its culture. “This is the first modern library ever built in the desert in China. Since it started serving the public 24 hours a day, it has won lots of good reviews,” said Liu. The library also shows the harmony between the desert and human activities after years of anti-desertification (抗沙漠化) work. Yang Fang, a visitor from Fujian Province, brought her 8-year-old daughter to the library. “With stars overhead at night, my daughter can enjoy sounds of the wind in the desert while reading,” she said. 1．What can’t we learn about the desert library from Paragraph 1? A．Its location. B．Its material. C．Its opening date. D．Its colour and shape. 2．What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．What can be found in the desert library. B．How colourful the desert library’s history is. C．Why the desert library is called “Lost Treasure Box”. D．What events took place near the “Lost Treasure Box”. 3．What does the underlined word “supported” most probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．Stopped. B．Created. C．Found. D．Helped. 4．What does the writer want to show in the last paragraph? A．A mother’s love for her daughter. B．The beauty of the Tengger Desert. C．People’s love for the desert library. D．A girl’s interest in travelling and reading. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．A Desert Library B．A Trip to A Desert C．A Lost Treasure Box D．A Place with Rich Memories On the evening of March 3, 2026, a beautiful and unusual event appeared in the sky over parts of China. People saw a “blood moon” on the night of the Lantern Festival, making the celebration even more special. So, ________ It appears during a total lunar eclipse (月全食). This happens when the Earth moves directly between the Sun and the Moon. As a result, the Moon falls into the earth’s darkest shadow. You might expect the Moon to turn completely black. However, it takes on a reddish or orange color instead. Why does this happen? Because the earth’s atmosphere (大气层) turns the longer wavelengths of red sunlight onto the moon’s surface. That is why we call it a “blood moon”. Mr. Tang Haiming, an expert from the Shanghai Astronomical Society, explained that the total eclipse lasted nearly one hour—from 7:04 pm to 8:03 pm. This is much longer than a total solar eclipse, which usually lasts only a few minutes. Many people across East Asia had the chance to see this event. In China, the best viewing locations included Taiwan, Shanghai, and the provinces of Shandong, Jiangsu, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, and Jilin. People living in central China might also have caught a glimpse. However, cloudy or rainy weather could have made it difficult to see clearly. According to Mr. Tang, the next blood moon that people in China can see will not happen until January 1, 2029. Therefore, this lunar eclipse was a rare and wonderful gift for everyone who looked up at the night sky during the Lantern Festival. 1．The blood moon is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to ________. A．introduce a special Lantern Festival event B．ask people to look at the moon C．show the beauty of the night sky D．compare different sky events 2．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 2? A．is it easy to see the blood moon every year? B．does the blood moon appear in many countries? C．what exactly is a blood moon? D．can we take photos of the blood moon easily? 3．What does the underlined word “glimpse” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．A clear view. B．A quick look. C．A long wait. D．A bright light. 4．How long did the total lunar eclipse last in 2026? A．For nearly an hour. B．For a few minutes. C．For the whole night. D．For two hours. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to enjoy the Lantern Festival. B．A special “blood moon” in 2026. C．The way to watch the blood moon. D．The time of the next blood moon. Who grows our food? The question seems simple, but food often travels across many countries before reaching our plates. Today, only one in seven countries can produce enough food for their people. So we need to know clearly who really grows food for the world. Many people believe that big farms with modern machines keep the world fed. But a study of 198 countries shows us a distinct fact: small farms, usually very small in size, provide most of our daily food. In Australia, small farms are less than 1 percent of all farms but supply (供应) 15 percent of the country’s food. Small farms produce a much larger share of the nation’s food than their farm count would suggest. In 46 countries, small farms are the main food providers, meeting the daily food needs of 5 billion people around the world. However, ▲ They often face unstable (不稳定的) land rights, climate risks, and unfair trade rules. These problems do not just stay in one country; they spread to other nations. If small farmers lose their land or income (收入), food shortage will influence all of us. Protecting food production from small farms requires not only national efforts to support farmers, but also global rules to make sure they have their own land and can sell their products easily. Now that we know who grows our food, we must think highly of them and make good policies for them, both at home and around the world. 1．The fact that few countries grow enough food is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to show ________ A．What small farms can bring to the world. B．How food travels from country to country. C．How powerful big farms are in rich countries. D．Why it’s important to know who grows food worldwide. 2．What does the underlined word “distinct” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Famous. B．Boring. C．Different. D．Painful. 3．Which of the following shows the relationship between farm size and food supply? (x: farm size, y: food supply (%)) A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 4? A．big farms have fewer problems to solve. B．many people don’t respect small farmers. C．small farm owners have many difficulties. D．food travels across many countries quickly. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Food Shortage in Rich Countries B．Small Farms Grow Our Food C．Ways to Increase Food Production D．Global Trade Rules for Farmers Did you know that dunes (沙丘) can move? This sounds like something from a science fiction movie, but it happens in real life. However, a new study from Nanjing University found that the dunes in western China’s deserts are moving more slowly now. According to the study, dunes form in places with a lot of sand and little water. They change shape and move depending on how the wind blows. The team studied dunes in western China’s desert using pictures from 1986 to 2021. Satellites (卫星) took these pictures from the sky. The team found that the moving speed of dunes has slowed down by 30 percent. In the area with the fastest fall, the speed dropped from about 9 meters each year to 4.5 meters each year. The main reason is that the wind is not as strong, so it carries less sand. Why is the wind getting weaker? Scientists say that global warming is the main cause. As the Earth’s temperature rises, the temperature difference between the polar areas (极地地区) and the equator (赤道) becomes smaller. This makes the wind blow less strongly. This finding supports the idea of “global wind stilling”. It means wind near the ground is slowing down worldwide. ▲ . As the slower wind takes away less sand, dust storms happen less often. This helps plants grow back in dry areas. However, slower near-ground wind can also make wind power work less well. It may also make it harder for pollution to go away, said researchers from Nanjing University. 1．Why does the writer mention “a science fiction movie” in Paragraph 1? A．To show that dunes-moving is a new idea. B．To show that moving dunes seem unreal but are real. C．To prove that dunes only move in science fiction movies. D．To compare desert dunes with scenes in science fictions. 2．According to the study, what happened to the dune movement speed in the area with the fastest fall? A．It stayed the same over 35 years. B．It became 30% faster than before. C．It increased from 4.5 to 9 meters per year. D．It dropped from 9 to 4.5 meters per year. 3．What does the underlined word “stilling” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Turning around B．Moving fast C．Becoming weak D．Climbing up 4．Which of the following can be put in the “ ▲ ” in the passage? A．This slowdown is bad news for all living things. B．This change brings both good and bad effects. C．This leads to less sand being carried by the wind. D．This has already been proved by many studies. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Dunes Are Moving More Slowly B．Global Warming and Sandstorms C．How Wind Shapes the Desert D．Ways to Protect the Environment The 2026 CCTV Spring Festival Gala presented an amazing program named Wu BOT. In the special show, humanoid robots—robots that look and move like humans—performed traditional Chinese kung fu together with young martial artists. It soon turned out to be one of the most popular and unforgettable shows of the year. These smart robots were developed and produced by Unitree Technology. They are able to perform difficult and wonderful kung fu movements, including drunken boxing and nunchucks (双节棍). They performed perfectly on stage with students from Tagou Martial Arts School. Thanks to high-precision (高精度的) control, the robots can move smoothly and correctly just like real performers. The robots have improved greatly in just one year. At the 2025 gala, they could only take part in simple group dances. However, in the 2026 gala, they are able to perform difficult kung fu moves without difficulty. This fact clearly shows that China’s robot technology is developing at high speed. Wu BOT is more than just an interesting performance. It successfully brings together traditional Chinese culture and modern technology. ________. In the future, robots like these will be used widely in many parts of our daily life. 1．Why could the robots move very well on stage? A．Because they practice every day. B．Because they are very light. C．Because they have high-precision control. D．Because they can dance well. 2．What does the underlined word “humanoid” probably mean? A．Small and light. B．Very expensive. C．Fast and strong. D．Having a human-like shape and appearance. 3．What progress did the robots make in a year? A．They could talk with people. B．They could work at home. C．They could do difficult kung fu. D．They could teach kung fu. 4．Which can be put in “________”? A．Kung fu is a kind of Chinese culture. B．Many young people want to learn kung fu. C．The gala has many interesting shows. D．It also shows the latest development of China’s robots. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Traditional Chinese Kung Fu B．A popular robot kung fu show C．How to make humanoid robots D．The history of the Spring Festival Gala Unitree Robotics, set up by Wang Xingxing in 2016, is very successful in the field of robots. At the 2026 Spring Festival Gala, its G1 and H2 robots worked with martial (武术) artists to put on a wonderful kung fu show. They performed difficult movements perfectly without any mistakes, showing that technology can work well with traditional Chinese culture. Wang has loved robots since childhood. At 14, he built his first walking robot with toy car wheels and old watch batteries. Though it only took three steps before falling, the experience taught him to keep trying. In 2013, he created X Dog, a dog-shaped robot faster than real animals, laying a solid (坚实的) foundation for his later creations. ▲ They always offer help to people in many fields of life. They read interesting stories to sick children in hospitals to cheer them up. They also check dangerous factory equipment to protect workers, help teachers give lively classes at school, and assist (帮助) the disabled. Guide robots can lead blind people through busy streets using special sensors (传感器). Another robot can use its arm to help wheelchair users pick up objects. “Technology should make life warmer,” Wang says. These robots use easy-to-understand technology. Special cameras act as their eyes, while computers help them learn. For example, to perform kung fu, they watched human performances repeatedly. In 2023, Unitree’s models accounted for 70% of all four-legged robots in the global market, and its humanoid robots won high praise from global media. Wang often encourages students: “I failed English tests but never gave up on robot dreams. Don’t let weaknesses stop you!” 1．What did Unitree’s robots do at the 2026 Spring Festival Gala? A．Taught kung fu online. B．Performed kung fu with martial artists. C．Created new kung fu moves. D．Sang with young artists. 2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．Wang’s early experience in robot making. B．How X Dog helps people in daily life. C．Why Wang founded Unitree in 2016. D．The story of the Spring Festival Gala robot. 3．Which of the following can be put in   ▲ in Paragraph 3? A．AI helps robots work better. B．Robots can do many difficult jobs. C．Unitree’s robots are warm-hearted. D．Unitree’s robots sell well around the world. 4．What can Unitree’s robots do according to the passage? ①Help disabled people. ②Read stories to sick kids. ③Help with teaching at school. ④Play ball games with people. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 5．What advice did Wang give to students? A．Good grades are the key to making new robots. B．Everyone should make his own robot in daily life. C．We should give up our dreams when facing difficulties. D．We should hold on to our dreams in spite of weaknesses. As the 2026 Year of the Horse draws near, four cute Spring Festival Gala mascots (吉祥物) catch people’s attention. They are Qiqi, Jiji, Chichi and Chengcheng. Their names together mean “galloping forward (骐骥驰骋)”, which perfectly matches the gala’s theme, “Unstoppable Momentum” (势不可挡). Qiqi comes from the Li Ju Zun, a valuable Western Zhou artifact (文物). With a blue-black coat, it looks serious and elegant (优雅的). Wearing the head decoration “danglu” and tidy hair, Qiqi seems polite, energetic and full of hope for moving forward. Jiji is designed after Han Dynasty sky horses. Its body copies the national treasure Bronze Galloping Horse (铜奔马). With wings spread wide, it seems to chase the sun through clouds, showing a spirit of trying hard to do better. Chichi is modeled on the Tang Dynasty Three-Flowered Horse. This kind of horse got its name because people cut its neck hair into three parts. Chichi looks lively and happy, and its tied-up tail makes it look brave and cool. It shows a confident and calm way of acting. Chengcheng is based on the Przewalski’s horse (普氏野马), the only living wild horse species (物种) on Earth. China has the largest population of them, which is a big success in wildlife protection. Chengcheng represents harmony between humans and nature. In Chinese culture, horses stand for strength, bravery and good luck. These four mascots not only carry forward traditional Chinese culture, but also show the beauty of nature and ecological (生态的) progress. They will surely bring joy and good luck to everyone during the Spring Festival. 1．Which mascot comes from the sky horses of the Han Dynasty? A． B． C． D． 2．What does Chengcheng stand for? A．Energy and hope. B．Hard work and success. C．Confidence and calmness. D．Ecological harmony. 3．What can we learn about the four mascots from the passage? A．They all carry forward traditional culture. B．They all have wings and head decorations. C．They all represent confidence and bravery. D．They all come from ancient Chinese artifacts. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To explain the history of Chinese bronze horses. B．To show different kinds of horses in Chinese history. C．To describe the theme of the 2026 Spring Festival Gala. D．To introduce the four 2026 Spring Festival Gala horse mascots. 5．Which part of the newspaper can we find this material? A．Fashion. B．Culture. C．Science. D．Entertainment. Do dogs understand us? Be careful about what you say around your dog. It might understand more than you think. “A border collie(边牧) named Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects,” said researchers in Germany. ▲ . Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or a chimpanzee (黑猩猩). In one experiment (实验), the researchers prepared all 200 items that Rico was supposed to know. They divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects. Then the owner told the dog to go and get one of the items. In four tests, Rico got 37 out of 40 commands (命令) right. As the dog couldn’t see anyone to get clues, the scientists believed Rico must understand the meanings of certain words. In another experiment, the scientists used one toy that Rico had never seen before. They put it with seven toys whose names the dog already knew. The owner then told Rico to get the new toy, using a word the dog had never heard before. The correct object was chosen in 7 out of 10 similar tests, suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination (排除法). A month later, Rico remembered half of the new names, which was even more amazing. Rico is thought to be smarter than most dogs. For one thing, Rico is a border collie, which is known for its mental abilities. In addition, the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months. It’s hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can’t talk back. Still, it wouldn’t hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return! 1．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 2? A．The dog prefers playing with toys to learn new words. B．The dog can learn new words as easily as a young child. C．The dog needs a lot of practice to remember new words. D．The dog can understand every word its owner says. 2．From Paragraph 3 we know that ________. A．Rico was asked to fetch a toy that he already knew. B．Rico could remember all the new names a month later. C．Rico chose the correct toy in most of the tests. D．Rico got help from the owner to find the new toy. 3．Both experiments show that ________. A．Rico is smart enough to get all commands right B．Rico can recognize different things including toys C．Rico has developed the ability of learning maths D．Rico won’t forget the names of objects once recognizing them 4．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The experiments prove that all dogs understand human words. B．Rico has a good memory because of its proper early training. C．Rico managed to get 37 out of 40 commands right in a single test. D．Border collies are born to understand their owner’s commands. 5．The best title for the passage is ________ A．Can Dogs Really Understand What We Say? B．Rico: A Dog that Learned Hundreds of Words. C．The Secret to Raising a Smart Border Collie. D．Why Should You be Careful about Your Dog? Animals have played an important role in scientific research for a long time. Frogs helped us learn how cells (细胞) work. Pigs helped develop CT scans. But animals are not always perfect models for human beings. Animal protection is one reason. Besides, raising research animals can be expensive — it takes much time and care. Most importantly, medicines that work on animals often fail on humans. For example, over 90% of cancer drugs that worked well in animals did not help human patients. So scientists are trying to find new research ways. One new way is artificial intelligence (AI). AI shows its great power in speeding up or replacing (代替) steps in scientists’ work. In one study, an AI model checked 190,000 chemicals to see if they were harmful. The result was 87 percent correct. It did a better job than repeated animal tests. In another test, scientists used AI to find out how rats would react (反应) to new drugs. The result was almost the same as real animal tests — but no animals were used! In the past, a similar test needed over 8,000 rats. In the future, AI may help test medicines for humans directly. Another new way is “organs-on-chips” (器官芯片) technology. Scientists can make a man-made lung or a mini brain on a chip. These tiny organs work like real ones by using human cells. So they are more dependable than animal models for medicine testing. Will we stop using animals in research completely? Maybe not soon. But scientists are trying their best to reduce the number of research animals. 1．Which of the following is the most important reason for scientists to find new research ways? A．Animal protection. B．The high cost of raising animals. C．Fewer research animals. D．Medicines’animal-human failure. 2．Why are numbers used in paragraph 3? A．To show the great power of AI in tests. B．To explain the meaning of scientists’ work. C．To state the number of animals used in the tests. D．To prove the importance of animals in medical tests. 3．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in paragraph 4? A．Scientists. B．Animals. C．Human cells. D．Tiny organs. 4．What will scientists probably do next according to the last paragraph? A．They will help set new laws to stop using animals. B．They will stop using animals in research very soon. C．They will find more ways to replace research animals. D．They will use more frogs and pigs for medicine testing. 5．What’s the structure of the passage? (P = Paragraph) A． B． C． D． A great scientific discovery amazed the world. Chinese scientists have already found a new method to produce water on the moon, which could change how we think about living on the moon in the future! Their discovery shows that by using lunar soil, scientists can get a lot of water on the moon. In the past, the research on the moon showed that there might be ice at the moon’s north and south poles (极). However, there isn’t much water in lunar minerals (矿物) — only a little bit, like 0.0001 percent to 0.02 percent, which makes it hard to find and use water there. ___________ The researchers, however, found something exciting, after studying the rocks and soil from the moon brought back by the Chang’e-5 spacecraft. One of the exciting things they discovered is that lunar soil melts (熔化) when the temperature rises above 1,000℃. When it begins to melt, it gives off water vapor (蒸汽). They learned that just 100g of lunar soil can produce 5.1 g to 7.6 g of water. So, if we had one ton of lunar soil, we could get between 51 kg and 76 kg of water. That’s enough for 50 people to drink for one day! All in all, this research reveals new possibilities for finding water on the moon. It’s important for future trips to the moon and people who might live there someday. As we learn more about how to get water from lunar soil, we get closer to the dream of humans living on the moon! 1．What may the discovery change according to Paragraph 1? A．The purpose of the moon exploration. B．The way to do research on lunar minerals. C．People’s ideas about living on the moon. D．The method to produce water on the earth. 2．Which of the following can be put in “__________” in Paragraph 2? A．So it’s difficult for people to expect to live on the moon. B．So it’s easy for scientists to collect ice on the moon. C．So it’s expensive to get water from lunar minerals. D．So it’s possible to bring water to the moon from the earth. 3．How much water may the researchers get if they have 1,000g of lunar soil? A． B． C． D． 4．What does the underlined word “reveals” probably mean in the last paragraph? A．Loses. B．Hides. C．Needs. D．Shows. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．A new way to get water on the moon. B．Human trips to the moon in the future. C．How human can survive on the moon. D．Why the lunar soil produces water vapor. Have you ever lost yourself in doing something so that you forget the time? Everything around you—from the ringing of phones to the people passing by—seemed to be away. Most of us have ever had this experience. This special state (状态) of mind is called “flow”. When it happens, we completely focus on (关注) the task before us so that nothing else seems to matter. The idea of flow was introduced and first studied by psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. According to his discovery, whether flow happens depends on the difficulty of the challenge and our skill levels. For example, if the task is not challenging and doesn’t need a lot of skills, we probably feel bored with it. But facing a challenging task without the necessary skills could easily cause worry. He finally found out that when the challenge is difficult and we believe we have enough skills, flow happens. ▲ During flow, people can work faster and better. For example, artists said that they could produce more works easily “without putting in much effort” in a flow state. Flow can also make people more focused and creative because they have to look for new challenges and information to keep the state. With flow, people have greater levels of happiness and satisfaction in their activities. Flow can happen whenever a person is deeply lost in a task. During learning activities, clear plans, challenging tasks and quick feedback (反馈) can help achieve flow. It’s more difficult to achieve flow if people’s attention is distracted, so it’s necessary to turn off smartphones, TV and other electronic products that stop you from focusing. 1．What can people do when they are in flow? A．Finish the task before others. B．Face difficult challenges. C．Give full attention to their tasks. D．Notice others passing by. 2．According to Csikszentmihalyi’s study, what makes the flow state happen? A．When the challenge is low and skills are high. B．When the challenge is high and skills are low. C．When the challenge is high and skills are high. D．When the challenge is low and skills are low. 3．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 4? A．Why is flow so amazing? B．What advantages does flow bring? C．When can people experience flow? D．How do people use the flow model? 4．What does the underlined word “distracted” in the last paragraph mean? A．Focused on. B．Mixed up. C．Written down. D．Taken away. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The Person Who Discovered Flow B．Flow Activities for Students C．The Meaning of Flow D．Experience Flow in Daily Life Today, anyone can create images (图像) with the help of AI tools. It seems like these images grow even more realistic with each passing day. “But don’t worry,” says Lyu, a computer scientist. Lyu and a group of researchers have offered some advice about how to find out whether or not an image is real. What you need to do is to look carefully. On social media (媒体), it takes you as little as 13 milliseconds to look through a picture. That may be enough to notice what it is, but not enough to think about whether or not it’s real. When you take more time to look, what you find may surprise you. AI programs create images by looking at a great number of real ones. These programs only know what they’ve been given. They don’t know what details (细节) to pay attention to. You can easily find the problems. If there’s a person in an image, Lyu suggests looking at hands and eyes. AI programs aren’t good at producing lifelike hands. They may have six fingers, or fingers that are of the same length (长度). And why should you look at eyes? Humans almost always have circular pupils (圆形瞳孔), but AI often produces strangely shaped pupils. Many AI-created images are not so natural. Straight things may become curved in the images. You can start looking out for AI-created images today. Check it first before you believe anything you see! 1．What can Lyu and his research group offer? A．Some AI tools to create images. B．Advice on how to tell real images from AI-created ones. C．A way to make AI-created images more realistic. D．Tips on using social media to find real images. 2．Why does Lyu suggest looking at hands and eyes if there’s a person in an image? A．Because AI programs are good at producing lifelike hands and eyes. B．Because humans always have six fingers and strangely shaped pupils. C．Because AI programs often make mistakes in producing hands and eyes. D．Because hands and eyes are the most important parts of a person. 3．What does the underlined word “curved” mean in Chinese? A．弯曲的 B．平坦的 C．开阔的 D．高深的 4．Which is the right structure of the passage? (① = paragraph 1 ② = paragraph 2… ) A．① / ②③④⑤⑥ B．①② / ③ / ④⑤⑥ C．① / ②③④⑤ / ⑥ D．① / ② / ③④⑤⑥ 5．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To encourage people to create images with AI tools. B．To express his worries about people’s use of AI tools. C．To discuss the importance of creating images with AI tools. D．To explain how to find out an image is real or not. Xiangsheng, or crosstalk (相声), is one of the most popular performing art forms in China. People of all ages take a great interest in crosstalk in China. It is said that crosstalk first appeared in China during the Ming Dynasty. But most people believed that it was not until the middle and late Qing Dynasty that crosstalk became an independent art form. As the earliest forms of crosstalk, dankou (单口) is performed by an actor who usually tells jokes or humorous stories. It is known as qunkou (群口) when performed by three or more people. But most of the time, crosstalk is performed by two actors, called duikou (对口). The lead actor is called dougen, while the one playing the supporting role is called penggen. The two performers usually discuss or argue over a subject or a social topic in a humorous way. The main purpose, of course, is to make the people laugh loudly. There are four basic skills in modern crosstalk: shuo, xue, dou and chang. Shuo covers telling jokes, guessing riddles and saying tongue twisters (绕口令). Xue is usually a very interesting part of crosstalk and includes imitating the sounds and voices of human beings and animals. Dou means the skills of making people laugh. Chang is a way to show their singing skills to make people pay attention to their performance. In recent years, with the rise of online videos, more and more people focus on crosstalk. In 2008, crosstalk entered the national list of intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in China. 1．When did crosstalk become an independent art form? A．Before the Ming Dynasty. B．After the Ming Dynasty. C．In the middle and late Qing Dynasty. D．Before the middle Qing Dynasty. 2．Which form of crosstalk is performed by an actor? A．Duikou. B．Qunkou. C．Dankou. D．Dougen. 3．What does the underlined word “imitating” mean in English? A．Copying. B．Exchanging C．Creating D．Spreading. 4．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Dankou is the most common form of crosstalk. B．Only old people are interested in crosstalk in China. C．Duikou is performed by three or more people. D．The main purpose of crosstalk is to make the people laugh loudly. 5．Which is the best title? A．The history of Xiangsheng B．An introduction of Xiangsheng C．Three forms of Xiangsheng D．Xiangsheng is very popular in China Electronic waste, or e-waste, is old electronic devices that people throw away, such as old computers, phones, TVs, as well as all kinds of other electronics. While electronics make life easier, they aren’t good for the environment. As new products come out, many old ones are thrown away, instead of being recycled. The chemicals (化学物质) inside them may be a great danger to the environment. If they get into the ground or water, the pollution can cause serious problems. Besides, most electronics require rare metals(属), which must be mined (开采) from the earth. Often the mining process creates serious pollution. Researchers are trying to make people know about the problems of e-waste. They studied a kind of e-waste that’s often not noticed because people don’t think these things are electronics. Researchers call this kind “invisible” e-waste. The study showed that about 1/6 of all e-waste is “invisible” and that the value of this unseen waste is about $9.5 billion a year. Such e-waste weighs about 9 billion kilograms. Surprisingly, toys were at the top of the invisible e-waste list. Worldwide, around 7.3 billion electronic toys are thrown away each year. But the problem is far larger than just toys. The study also showed that some invisible e-waste also comes from things like home alarms, smoke alarms, and power tools. Researchers hope that more people will make much greater efforts to make sure electronics get recycled. 1．What is e-waste according to the passage? A．Old phones and TVs. B．New electronic devices. C．Electronics that still work. D．Old electronics thrown away. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The development of electronic products. B．The number of electronics used by people. C．The main materials used to make electronics. D．The environmental problems caused by electronics. 3．What does the underlined word “invisible” mean in Chinese? A．隐形的 B．智能的 C．精致的 D．危险的 4．According to the study, which kind of invisible e-waste is the largest in number? A．Old computers.B．Electronic toys. C．Home alarms. D．Power tools. 5．What’s the main purpose of the passage? A．To tell people the importance of electronics. B．To teach people how to repair old electronics. C．To show that electronics are becoming more expensive. D．To ask people to pay attention to e-waste and recycle more. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $