精品解析：北京市海淀区2025-2026学年度第二学期期中练习高二英语试题

2025-2026学年度第二学期期中练习 高二英语 2026.04 考生须知： 1.本卷共8页，包括三个部分，满分为100分。练习时间90分钟。 2.考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。 3.考试结束后，将答题纸交回。 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 My grandfather was a writer of many books. As a child and a teenager, I wrote___1___, trying to be an author like him. When I___2___my first book, I was not sure if I should throw it out to the world or shelter it forever. That’s why I went to grandpa that night, my faithful reader, who once again gave me tremendous ___3___. “Did you bring the book? I heard you talk about it and I can’t wait to see your ___4___.” “Oh yeah, the book. I completed it yesterday,” I handed him the draft, “but I don’t think it’s that good...” He turned to a random page and ___5___more of the pages. “Why do you think this isn’t good? It looks fine to me. Very heart-warming.” “Well, I’m not sure. It could be better than it is now.” “You can’t expect for the book to be___6___. Writing is a skill that takes time. You already finished the story, and now you have to___7___others what you’ve got.” he passed the book back to me. “If people don’t like it, then write again. Criticism is important, but you are going to have to keep on writing till you are ___8___with your work.” “Is that how you became a writer?” “Yes, and every other writer before me. You have to start from the ___9___ and then reach the top.” I finally broke out into a smile and he did too. I looked carefully at the book one more time. The pages bound together gave me hope for the future. That settled it. I was going to have to ___10___ myself and let others see my work. For me and for my grandpa. 1. A. fast B. well C. nonstop D. little 2. A. polished B. finished C. deleted D. published 3. A. tasks B. pressure C. rewards D. inspiration 4. A. progress B. style C. comment D. reaction 5. A. copied B. wrote C. scanned D. edited 6. A. perfect B. unique C. complex D. practical 7. A. submit B. show C. fetch D. sell 8. A. content B. strict C. patient D. exhausted 9. A. end B. failure C. bottom D. criticism 10. A. give up B. count on C. look after D. get over 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In January 2018, Chinese scientists announced that they ____11____ (clone) Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, the world’s first cloned long-tailed monkeys. As primates are closely related to humans, cloning them had been considered extremely difficult. ____12____ makes the achievement more inspiring is that the researchers had been wholly devoted to the research and taking care of over 1000 monkeys 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for more than 5 years. There had been a number of failures ____13____ they finally made a breakthrough which brought hope to medical research and human health. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Over the last 50 years, the U.S. and Canada have slowly but surely lost 29% of their bird populations. Even common birds such as sparrows and blackbirds ____14____ (face) declines in North America since 1970. One major cause is that humans have expanded their footprint greatly, ____15____ (result) in habitat loss for birds. Less habitat means less space ____16____ (find) food, mates, nest, and raise young. Since birds play an ____17____ (essence) role in the functioning of the world’s ecosystems, we need to spare no effort to protect them and take these beautiful creatures under our wing. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The 2021 International Confucius Cultural Festival ___18___ (launch) in September, featuring an international forum to discuss cultural civilizations and the Confucius Culture Week for Chinese and foreign students. This annual festival includes both online and offline events, which are aimed at connecting Confucian culture fans worldwide. ___19___ (found) in 1989, it is one of the largest festivals nationally and internationally supported by tourism festivals integrating culture, tourism, and scientific research ___20___ the aim of promoting ancient Chinese culture. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Dear Mr. Smith, I am seeking an opportunity to work with World Destiny as a Computer Systems Manage. My professional experience and my awareness of your high reputation and great achievements have led me to want to work for World Destiny. Since 1998 I have focused on computer-system design and training. As Systems Administrator for Newport Museum for the past two years, I have directed accounting, capital campaign and publication production. We designed the system from scratch, developing all applications, policies, procedures, and training programs. I was well prepared for such a challenge by my previous positions as a Systems Support Specialist and MicroComputer Assistant for the Imperial Corporation of America. Over the years, I have worked with Novell, using programs including dBase, Wordstarand Microsoft Word. This familiarity with a variety of hardware and software has helped me to get up to speed on nearly any computer with a minimum training period. Additional experience in other fields also adds my value to World Destiny. As a Market Research Coordinator for Cushman & Wakefield of California, I not only researched and maintained (维护) a comprehensive database of Silicon Valley, but also produced statistical and written reports that support Cushman & Wakefield’ reputation. Previously, I organized companywide annual sales meetings for Qualogy, Inc. Mr. Smith, while this experience more than qualifies me to join any number of successful companies, it is my personal goals that lead to my interest in being part of the World Destiny team. I believe my computer, promotional, and organizational skills, fueled by my beliefs, make World Destiny and me right for each other. Can we arrange an interview at your earliest convenience? I will call within the next week to arrange a meeting. Sincerely, Beth Henning 21. Beth Henning’s work experience include ______. A. Computer Systems Manager for Corporation of America B. Systems Support Specialist for World Destiny C. Systems Administrator for Newport Museum D. MicroComputer Assistant for Novell 22. While working with Cushman & Wakefield of California, Beth’s work involved ______. A. training new workers B. maintaining a database C. organizing sales meetings D. developing company policies 23. Beth Henning proves herself qualified for the position mainly by______. A. stressing her personality strengths B. promising her value to the company C. listing relevant experiences and skills D. expressing a strong interest in the company B My neighbor Mr. Taylor kept a large and white horse named Jasper. He had never panicked, never bitten, never kicked. There was a steady calmness in him that naturally inspired trust. The first time my daughter, Lila, saw Jasper, she stopped mid-step, pointed her tiny finger, and whispered, “Horsey.” Mr. Taylor waved us over. Jasper lowered his great head and Lila pressed her cheek against his nose and giggled (咯咯地笑). From that day forward, Lila wanted to see Jasper every chance she got. Their bond grew deeper. That’s why the knock on my door one evening surprised me so much. It was Mr. Taylor. His face carried a tightness I’d never seen before. “I think,” he began carefully, “that you should take Lila to see a doctor. I know this will sound strange, but Jasper’s been behaving differently around her. He sniffs (嗅) at her constantly. Jasper is a therapy-trained horse. He’s been trained to sense things...changes in people’s health, emotions, sometimes even illnesses.” He paused. “I’ve seen him do this before, with people who were later diagnosed (诊断) with serious conditions.” I stared at him. Part of me wanted to laugh it off. Horses didn’t diagnose illnesses — doctors did. Maybe Mr. Taylor was overreacting. I thanked him and closed the door. For the next two days, a persistent voice reminded me of Jasper’s strange behavior. Finally, I took Lila to the doctor. The appointment began routinely, but then came extra tests. When the doctor came back, his expression told everything before he spoke. “I’m sorry,” he said gently. “The tests show signs of cancer.” The months that followed were the hardest of our lives. And through it all, there was Jasper. He seemed to know just how to behave. He’d lower his great head so she could stroke him without much effort. He stood guard while Lila rested in the straw. It was as if he carried some of her burden for her. There were moments when I truly believed she fought harder because Jasper was waiting for her. He gave her comfort that no doctor, no parent, could provide. After months of treatment, the doctors finally gave us the news we had been desperate to hear: She was getting better. Lila was weak, but she was winning. And I knew that without Jasper — and without Mr. Taylor’s warning — we might never have caught it early enough. 24. Why did Mr. Taylor visit the author one night? A. To check on Lila’s health condition. B. To voice his concerns about Lila’s health. C. To discuss whether to keep Lila off Jasper. D. To ask for help with Jasper’s strange behavior. 25. How did the author initially react to Mr. Taylor’s warning? A. She did not care. B. She argued with him. C. She asked him for proof. D. She relied on his judgment. 26. How did Jasper support Lila during her treatment? A. He acted funny to ease her pain. B. He stood guard to keep visitors away. C. He signaled her change to her mother. D. He offered unusual emotional comfort. 27. What can we learn from the passage? A. Wisdom begins where prejudice ends. B. Loyalty often grows in the soil of trust. C. Wonders can arrive in unexpected forms. D. Courage grows when faced with hardships. C For decades, the term “Monday Blues” has been shorthand for the collective groan (呻吟) that greets the start of each workweek. Mondays come with higher rates of anxiety, stress and even suicide compared with other days. To explore the biological basis of this persistent Monday effect, Chandola, a chair professor of medical sociology at the University of Hong Kong, focused on the stress hormone cortisol (皮质醇). When we experience a stressor — whether it’s something psychological, such as an approaching deadline, or physical, such as a biting cold morning-our brain triggers the release of cortisol which helps manage short-term stress. But chronically high levels of cortisol and bodily systems, weakening immune function and increasing the risk of depression, diabetes and obesity. Previous research had shown that cortisol levels can be higher on weekdays than weekends, but few studies had directly examined whether Mondays are uniquely stressful at a biological level. To investigate further, Chandola turned to the English Longitudinal Study of Aging, which follows over 10,000 adults aged 50 and older in England. He asked participants questions like, “How anxious did you feel yesterday?”People also reported which day of the week “yesterday” was. To assess long-term biological toll (伤害), the study analyzed cortisol levels in hair samples to measure cumulative production over two to three months. Of the 3,511 participants, 281 reported feeling anxious on a Monday and 1.080 on another day. Crucially, the study also considered whether they were working or retired. The results were striking. Older adults who felt anxious on Mondays had 23 percent higher cortisol in hair samples collected up to two months later, compared with those feeling anxious on other days. In contrast, anxiety reported on other days did not predict higher cortisol. And the effect was not limited to workers; retirees who felt anxious on Mondays also showed elevated cortisol. In other words, the biological impact of Monday anxiety persist seven after the workweek fades from daily life. One reason people show elevated cortisol on Mondays is that they feel more anxious that day. The data show the effect of anxiety on cortisol is magnified on Mondays. Why might Mondays exert such a powerful effect on the body? Mondays present higher uncertainty, a key driver of stress. For those who don’t adapt to the weekly cycle, the repeated stress of Mondays may accumulate over the course of a lifetime, eventually leading to long-term problems in the body’s regulation of the stress system. It is also possible that some get anxious on Mondays so routinely it becomes an automatic bodily response, one that persists even when the original trigger is gone. Interventions aimed at helping people adapt to the start of the week might have long-term health benefits. The brain’s stress response is plastic, meaning it can change. Practices that support emotion regulation, including meditation, mindfulness, regular physical activity, and good sleep hygiene, may help recondition the brain’s weekly cycle and attenuate stress-related health risks. 28. What can we learn from Chandola’s study? A. Weekdays are more stressful than weekends. B. Stress hormones disrupt our immune function. C. Consequences of “Monday effect” can stretch into retirement. D. Older adults had 23% higher cortisol level than average on Mondays. 29. The underlined word “magnified” in Paragraph 5 probably means . A. clarified B. explained C. multiplied D. ignored 30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Mondays Are Really More Stressful B. Uncertainty drives Monday Anxiety C. Cortisol Peaks on Mondays for Anxious Individuals D. The Weekly Cycle Leaves a Biological Mark on the Body D I was at the Gathering for Science in Boston, on 22 April 2017, as were 70.000 other scientists. We were there to stand up for facts and truth. Where are the crowds of scientists now? Since then, harms from science denial have only increased: global suffering has grown owing to inaction on climate change, and some epidemics have risen along with vaccine skepticism. I've been out there talking to the science deniers, and I've asked my scientist friends to come with me. “Those people just aren't worth talking to.” they'll say. “I wouldn't make a difference anyway.” What's wrong. Those people can and do change their minds, although it requires someone to put in the time to overcome distrust. To be sure, many experts have launched themselves against misinformation, enduring abuse on social media and even threats to their safety. But when scientists turn down my invitations, it's not because of fear. Most often, their excuses are grounded in the “backfire effect”, a questionable 2010 finding that people sometimes embrace misconceptions more strongly when fared with corrective information, implying that pushing back against falsehoods is counter-productive. Even the researchers whose results were exaggerated to popularize this idea do not embrace it anymore, and argue that the true challenge is learning how best to target corrective information. In fact, evidence is growing that rebuttals can be effective. Science deniers all draw on the same flawed reasoning techniques: cherry-picking evidence, relying on fake experts, and engaging in illogical reasoning. A landmark 2019 study showed that critiquing the flawed techniques can contain the spread of misinformation. So how does “technique rebuttal” work in practice? Arnaud Gagneur and his colleagues at the University of Sherbrooke conducted more than 1.000 20-minute interviews in which they listened to new parents' concerns about vaccinations and answered their questions. Those parents' children were 9% more likely to receive all the vaccines on the schedule than were those of uninterviewed parents whose babies were delivered in the same maternity ward. One mother told him: “It's the first time that I've had a discussion like this, and I feel respected, and I trust you.” It is self-evident in science communication that you cannot convince a science denier with facts alone; most science deniers don't have a lack of information, but a lack of trust. So what should scientists do? Even non-experts can use technique rebuttal. A geologist can engage a neighbor who is vaccine hesitant. A protein biologist can coach an aunt or uncle who wants “more evidence” that climate change is real. Instead of shilling to more comfortable conversations, engage in respectful exchange. If you spend more time asking questions than offering explanations, people will be more likely to pay attention to the explanations that you do offer. 31. What can we learn from the passage? A. The Gathering for Science addressed online abuse. B. The silence of scientists worsens harm from science denial. C. Ineffective vaccines speed up the spread of some epidemics. D. The author's friends find it valuable to talk with science deniers. 32. According to the passage, the “backfire effect” ______. A. suggests caution before correcting others B. emphasizes the effectiveness of rebuttals C. results from flawed reasoning techniques D. enjoys wide support in the academic field 33. The last two paragraphs suggest that ______. A. the interviewed parents agreed to vaccination due to the sufficiency of the information B. geologists and protein biologists need to make sure the conversations are comfortable C. scientists are encouraged to listen carefully and ask questions during interaction D. scientists should teach non-experts how to conduct respectful exchanges 34. In writing this passage, the author aims to ______. A. express concerns for misinformation B. analyze the main cause of science denial C. advocate employing technique rebuttal D. present the problems scientists encounter 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you had to save the life of a person or an animal, which would you choose? Most adults say they would pick the person, but almost half of young children would prefer to save the animal, according to a study in Poland. “The finding really surprised us,” says Matti Wilks at the University of Edinburgh, UK. ___35___ For example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose. ___36___ Using a toy railway and Lego figures, Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem. The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal — either a dog or chimpanzee. ___37___ About 42 per cent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car collide with the person, compared with just 17 per cent of adults. About 28 per cent of children also prioritised the chimpanzee over the person, compared with 11 per cent of adults. “Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s really important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals,” says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. ___38___ “However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people,” says Neldner. ___39___ When she asked Australian children aged 4 to 10 to order pictures of people, animals, plants and objects according to how much they cared about them, the 4-year-olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins than about classmates, police officers and sick people, but this was reversed in the 10-year-olds. The reason children value dogs so highly is probably due to familiarity, says Wilks. Her studies have found that children who spent more time with dogs were more likely to say they would save a dog over a person. A. Most adults view human life as especially precious. B. Her research suggests this shift starts by the age of 10. C. Surprisingly, children were more likely to save a dog over a person. D. For comparison, the researchers repeated this with 178 Polish adults aged 18 to 50. E. As a result, they don’t show a strong preference for saving one over the other, she says. F. About 28 per cent of children aged 5 to 9 said they would save a dog over a person, compared with 8 per cent of adults. G. However, growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently. 第三部分 阅读表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息,完成对该问题的回答。答语要结构正确，书写工整，字迹清楚。 Over the years I have been fascinated to read about studies into the power of touch. One famous study examined videos of how people responded to those near them who had been the victim of a bad fortune. It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way. Offering hugs to calm victims may be an instinct that we got from primate ancestors. Another study found that when the husband or wife of a patient in sorrow reaches out and holds their hand, they become settled and less sorrowful. Touch symbolizes safety and love, which is one of the most important aspects for development as a child. When we are upset as adults, we seek out the same things. Humans are wired to be touched. Nevertheless, many people today suffer from “touch hunger”, which occurs when a person experiences little touch for a long time. It is associated with greater stress, anxiety and loneliness, and lower-quality sleep. Actually, even the briefest touch — a warm handshake, a gentle pat, or a high-five — is often enough to convey love and care. Be a giver! 40. What did the first study find about touch? ______________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why is touch important? ______________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Touch has the great power to give people who suffer from “touch hunger” strong emotional experiences, but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care. ______________________________________________________________________________ 43. Apart from touch, what other way(s) do you often use to express your love and care in your life? (In about 40 words) ______________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你们学校将举办主题为“Literature and Me”的文学节活动，请你用英语给交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括： 1.活动内容； 2.邀请理由。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年度第二学期期中练习 高二英语 2026.04 考生须知： 1.本卷共8页，包括三个部分，满分为100分。练习时间90分钟。 2.考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。 3.考试结束后，将答题纸交回。 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 My grandfather was a writer of many books. As a child and a teenager, I wrote___1___, trying to be an author like him. When I___2___my first book, I was not sure if I should throw it out to the world or shelter it forever. That’s why I went to grandpa that night, my faithful reader, who once again gave me tremendous ___3___. “Did you bring the book? I heard you talk about it and I can’t wait to see your ___4___.” “Oh yeah, the book. I completed it yesterday,” I handed him the draft, “but I don’t think it’s that good...” He turned to a random page and ___5___more of the pages. “Why do you think this isn’t good? It looks fine to me. Very heart-warming.” “Well, I’m not sure. It could be better than it is now.” “You can’t expect for the book to be___6___. Writing is a skill that takes time. You already finished the story, and now you have to___7___others what you’ve got.” he passed the book back to me. “If people don’t like it, then write again. Criticism is important, but you are going to have to keep on writing till you are ___8___with your work.” “Is that how you became a writer?” “Yes, and every other writer before me. You have to start from the ___9___ and then reach the top.” I finally broke out into a smile and he did too. I looked carefully at the book one more time. The pages bound together gave me hope for the future. That settled it. I was going to have to ___10___ myself and let others see my work. For me and for my grandpa. 1. A. fast B. well C. nonstop D. little 2. A. polished B. finished C. deleted D. published 3. A. tasks B. pressure C. rewards D. inspiration 4. A. progress B. style C. comment D. reaction 5. A. copied B. wrote C. scanned D. edited 6. A. perfect B. unique C. complex D. practical 7. A. submit B. show C. fetch D. sell 8. A. content B. strict C. patient D. exhausted 9. A. end B. failure C. bottom D. criticism 10. A. give up B. count on C. look after D. get over 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【导语】作者想成为爷爷那样的一位作家，但是在完成第一本书之后不确定是否应该拿给别人看，这时是爷爷给了他巨大的鼓励和启示，让他抛掉顾虑，重拾前行的勇气，继续向前。 【1题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当我十几岁还是个孩子的时候，我不间断地写，希望成为一个像他那样的作家。A. fast迅速的；B. well健康的；C. nonstop不间断的；D.  little小的。根据前文“My grandfather was a writer of many books.”可知，作者的爷爷是一个作家，所以作者也希望通过不间断地写作最终成为一个作家。 【2题详解】 考查动词。句意：当我完成我的第一本书的时候，我不确定我是应该把它扔给世界还是永远保护它。A. polished擦亮；B. finished完成；C. deleted删除；D. published出版。根据后文“I completed it yesterday,”可知，作者已经完成了他的第一本书。 【3题详解】 考查名词。句意：这就是为什么那天晚上要去找爷爷，我忠实的读者，他又一次给了我巨大的启示。A. tasks任务；B. pressure压力；C. rewards报酬；D. inspiration启示。根据后文“Why do you think this isn’t good? It looks fine to me. Very heart-warming.”可知，爷爷又一次给了我启示。 【4题详解】 考查名词。句意：你把书带来了吗？我听说你说过，我等不及要看你的进展。A. progress进展；B. style作风；C. comment评论；D. reaction反应。根据后文“Oh yeah. the book. I completed it yesterday,”可知，爷爷是要看看作者的书的进展情况。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查动词。句意：他转向一个随机的页面并浏览了更多的页面。A. copied复制；B. wrote写；C. scanned浏览；D. edited编辑。根据后文“Why do you think this isn’t good? It looks fine to me. Very heart-warming.”可知，作者的爷爷是在快速翻阅了更多的页面以后对作者的书做了评价。 【6题详解】 考查形容词。句意：你不能指望这本书是完美的。A. perfect完美的；B. unique独特的；C. complex复杂的；D. practical现实的。根据后文“Writing is a skill that takes time.”可知，爷爷是在告诉作者写作是一个逐渐的过程，不可能一下就能写出完美的书。 【7题详解】 考查动词。句意：你已经完成了这个故事，现在你必须向别人展示你的故事。A. submit提交；B. show展示；C. fetch取来；D. sell出售。根据后文“If people don’t like it, then write again.”可知，作品完成之后应该向别人展示，让人去评价。 【8题详解】 考查形容词。句意：批评是很重要的，但是你必须继续写作，直到你对你的工作很满意。A. content满意的；B. strict严格的；C. patient耐心的；D. exhausted疲惫不堪的。根据前文“If people don’t like it, then write again.”以及后文“You have to start from the ____ and then reach the top.”可知，继续写作是为了达到最后的满意。 【9题详解】 考查名词。句意：你必须要从底部开始然后才能到达顶端。A. end结束；B. failure失败；C. bottom底部；D. criticism 批判；指责。根据前文“If people don’t like it, then write again. Criticism is important, but you are going to have to keep on writing till you are ____ with your work.”以及“Yes, and every other writer before me.”可知，每一名作家都需要从最初的不断接受批评到最后的对自己作品满意，即从最底部开始。 【10题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我必须要克服自己，让别人看到我的作品。A. give up放弃；B. count on指望；C. look after照顾；D. get over克服。根据前文“I looked carefully at the book one more time. The pages bound together gave me hope for the future. That settled it.”可知，作者在爷爷的激励下已经战胜自我，决定继续前行，把自己的作品展示给别人看。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In January 2018, Chinese scientists announced that they ____11____ (clone) Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, the world’s first cloned long-tailed monkeys. As primates are closely related to humans, cloning them had been considered extremely difficult. ____12____ makes the achievement more inspiring is that the researchers had been wholly devoted to the research and taking care of over 1000 monkeys 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for more than 5 years. There had been a number of failures ____13____ they finally made a breakthrough which brought hope to medical research and human health. 【答案】11. had cloned 12. What 13. before 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了中国科学家历经五年艰辛，成功克隆出世界首批长尾猴“中中”和“华华”，以及这一突破对医学研究和人类健康带来的重要意义。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：2018年1月，中国科学家宣布他们已经克隆出“中中”和“华华”，这是世界上首批克隆长尾猴。分析句子结构可知，announced后为that引导的宾语从句；主句谓语动词 announced为一般过去时，而从句中的“克隆”这一动作发生在“宣布”之前，即“过去的过去”，因此从句谓语动词应用过去完成时。 【12题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：使这一成就更加鼓舞人心的是，研究人员全身心投入研究，五年多来每周7天、每天24小时照料着1000多只猴子。此处为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指代“……的事情”，应用what引导该主语从句；设空处位于句首，首字母需大写。 【13题详解】 考查时间状语从句。句意：在他们最终取得突破之前，曾经有过许多失败，而这一突破为医学研究和人类健康带来了希望。此处为时间状语从句，根据句意，此处表示“在……之前”，应用连接词before。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Over the last 50 years, the U.S. and Canada have slowly but surely lost 29% of their bird populations. Even common birds such as sparrows and blackbirds ____14____ (face) declines in North America since 1970. One major cause is that humans have expanded their footprint greatly, ____15____ (result) in habitat loss for birds. Less habitat means less space ____16____ (find) food, mates, nest, and raise young. Since birds play an ____17____ (essence) role in the functioning of the world’s ecosystems, we need to spare no effort to protect them and take these beautiful creatures under our wing. 【答案】14. have faced 15. resulting 16. to find 17. essential 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲的是北美鸟类种群正在减少，以及其原因和保护的必要性。 【14题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自 1970 年以来，就连常见的鸟类，如麻雀和乌鸫，在北美也面临着数量下降的问题。由since可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语common birds是复数，因此空格处是have faced。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一个主要原因是人类的活动范围大幅扩大，导致鸟类的栖息地遭到破坏。that引导的宾语从句中谓语是have expanded，空格处用非谓语动词，result和上文句子是逻辑主谓关系，此处用现在分词作结果状语。 【16题详解】 考查不定式。句意：栖息地减少意味着鸟类寻找食物、配偶、筑巢和养育后代的空间变小。句中谓语是means，空格处用非谓语动词，修饰名词space，需用动词不定式作后置定语。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：由于鸟类在世界生态系统的运作中起着至关重要的作用，我们必须竭尽全力保护它们，并将这些美丽的生物纳入我们的保护范围。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词role，essence的形容词是essential，意为“必不可少的”。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The 2021 International Confucius Cultural Festival ___18___ (launch) in September, featuring an international forum to discuss cultural civilizations and the Confucius Culture Week for Chinese and foreign students. This annual festival includes both online and offline events, which are aimed at connecting Confucian culture fans worldwide. ___19___ (found) in 1989, it is one of the largest festivals nationally and internationally supported by tourism festivals integrating culture, tourism, and scientific research ___20___ the aim of promoting ancient Chinese culture. 【答案】18. was launched 19. Founded 20. with 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了国际孔子文化节。 【18题详解】 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：2021年国际孔子文化节于9月启动，活动包括探讨文化与文明的国际论坛，以及面向中外学生举办的孔子文化周。空处作谓语，根据“The 2021 International Confucius Cultural Festival ”可知，使用一般过去时，主语和launch为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用was。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该文化节创办于1989年，是国内规模最大、国际认可度最高的节庆之一，集文化、旅游、科研于一体，旨在弘扬中华传统文化。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，found和it为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式founded，位于句首，首字母需大写。 【20题详解】 考查介词。句意同上。固定搭配with the aim of doing sth.意为“以……为目的”，空处需填介词 with。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Dear Mr. Smith, I am seeking an opportunity to work with World Destiny as a Computer Systems Manage. My professional experience and my awareness of your high reputation and great achievements have led me to want to work for World Destiny. Since 1998 I have focused on computer-system design and training. As Systems Administrator for Newport Museum for the past two years, I have directed accounting, capital campaign and publication production. We designed the system from scratch, developing all applications, policies, procedures, and training programs. I was well prepared for such a challenge by my previous positions as a Systems Support Specialist and MicroComputer Assistant for the Imperial Corporation of America. Over the years, I have worked with Novell, using programs including dBase, Wordstarand Microsoft Word. This familiarity with a variety of hardware and software has helped me to get up to speed on nearly any computer with a minimum training period. Additional experience in other fields also adds my value to World Destiny. As a Market Research Coordinator for Cushman & Wakefield of California, I not only researched and maintained (维护) a comprehensive database of Silicon Valley, but also produced statistical and written reports that support Cushman & Wakefield’ reputation. Previously, I organized companywide annual sales meetings for Qualogy, Inc. Mr. Smith, while this experience more than qualifies me to join any number of successful companies, it is my personal goals that lead to my interest in being part of the World Destiny team. I believe my computer, promotional, and organizational skills, fueled by my beliefs, make World Destiny and me right for each other. Can we arrange an interview at your earliest convenience? I will call within the next week to arrange a meeting. Sincerely, Beth Henning 21. Beth Henning’s work experience include ______. A. Computer Systems Manager for Corporation of America B. Systems Support Specialist for World Destiny C. Systems Administrator for Newport Museum D. MicroComputer Assistant for Novell 22. While working with Cushman & Wakefield of California, Beth’s work involved ______. A. training new workers B. maintaining a database C. organizing sales meetings D. developing company policies 23. Beth Henning proves herself qualified for the position mainly by______. A. stressing her personality strengths B. promising her value to the company C. listing relevant experiences and skills D. expressing a strong interest in the company 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。作者通过列举相关的经验和技能来证明自己的实力，证明自己有能力胜任这个职位。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“As Systems Administrator for Newport Museum for the past two years, I have directed accounting, capital campaign and publication production.(在过去的两年里，我担任纽波特博物馆的系统管理员，负责会计、资本活动和出版物制作。)”可知，Beth Henning的工作经验包括纽波特博物馆系统管理员，故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“As a Market Research Coordinator for Cushman & Wakefield of California, I not only researched and maintained (维护) a comprehensive database of Silicon Valley, but also produced statistical and written reports that support Cushman & Wakefield’ reputation. Previously, I organized companywide annual sales meetings for Qualogy, Inc.(作为加州戴德梁行的市场研究协调员，我不仅研究和维护了一个全面的硅谷数据库，还制作了支持戴德梁行为声誉的统计和书面报告。之前，我为Qualogy，股份有限公司组织了全公司的年度销售会议。)”可知，Beth的工作涉及到维护数据库，故选B。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Mr. Smith, while this experience more than qualifies me to join any number of successful companies, it is my personal goals that lead to my interest in being part of the World Destiny team. I believe my computer, promotional, and organizational skills, fueled by my beliefs, make World Destiny and me right for each other.(史密斯先生，虽然这段经历让我完全有资格加入任何一家成功的公司，但正是我的个人目标让我有兴趣成为World Destiny团队的一员。我相信，在我的信念的推动下，我的电脑、促销和组织技能使World Destiny和我相得益彰。)”可知，作者通过列举相关的经验和技能来证明自己的实力。故选C。 B My neighbor Mr. Taylor kept a large and white horse named Jasper. He had never panicked, never bitten, never kicked. There was a steady calmness in him that naturally inspired trust. The first time my daughter, Lila, saw Jasper, she stopped mid-step, pointed her tiny finger, and whispered, “Horsey.” Mr. Taylor waved us over. Jasper lowered his great head and Lila pressed her cheek against his nose and giggled (咯咯地笑). From that day forward, Lila wanted to see Jasper every chance she got. Their bond grew deeper. That’s why the knock on my door one evening surprised me so much. It was Mr. Taylor. His face carried a tightness I’d never seen before. “I think,” he began carefully, “that you should take Lila to see a doctor. I know this will sound strange, but Jasper’s been behaving differently around her. He sniffs (嗅) at her constantly. Jasper is a therapy-trained horse. He’s been trained to sense things...changes in people’s health, emotions, sometimes even illnesses.” He paused. “I’ve seen him do this before, with people who were later diagnosed (诊断) with serious conditions.” I stared at him. Part of me wanted to laugh it off. Horses didn’t diagnose illnesses — doctors did. Maybe Mr. Taylor was overreacting. I thanked him and closed the door. For the next two days, a persistent voice reminded me of Jasper’s strange behavior. Finally, I took Lila to the doctor. The appointment began routinely, but then came extra tests. When the doctor came back, his expression told everything before he spoke. “I’m sorry,” he said gently. “The tests show signs of cancer.” The months that followed were the hardest of our lives. And through it all, there was Jasper. He seemed to know just how to behave. He’d lower his great head so she could stroke him without much effort. He stood guard while Lila rested in the straw. It was as if he carried some of her burden for her. There were moments when I truly believed she fought harder because Jasper was waiting for her. He gave her comfort that no doctor, no parent, could provide. After months of treatment, the doctors finally gave us the news we had been desperate to hear: She was getting better. Lila was weak, but she was winning. And I knew that without Jasper — and without Mr. Taylor’s warning — we might never have caught it early enough. 24. Why did Mr. Taylor visit the author one night? A. To check on Lila’s health condition. B. To voice his concerns about Lila’s health. C. To discuss whether to keep Lila off Jasper. D. To ask for help with Jasper’s strange behavior. 25. How did the author initially react to Mr. Taylor’s warning? A. She did not care. B. She argued with him. C. She asked him for proof. D. She relied on his judgment. 26. How did Jasper support Lila during her treatment? A. He acted funny to ease her pain. B. He stood guard to keep visitors away. C. He signaled her change to her mother. D. He offered unusual emotional comfort. 27. What can we learn from the passage? A. Wisdom begins where prejudice ends. B. Loyalty often grows in the soil of trust. C. Wonders can arrive in unexpected forms. D. Courage grows when faced with hardships. 【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一匹名为Jasper的治疗马通过异常行为提示女孩Lila可能患病，促使她及时就医并确诊癌症，在治疗期间，Jasper以独特的情感支持陪伴Lila，帮助她渡过难关，最终康复。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中““I think,” he began carefully, “that you should take Lila to see a doctor. I know this will sound strange, but Jasper’s been behaving differently around her. He sniffs (嗅) at her constantly. Jasper is a therapy-trained horse. He’s been trained to sense things...changes in people’s health, emotions, sometimes even illnesses.” (“我认为，”他小心翼翼地说道，“你应该带Lila去看医生。我知道这听起来有些奇怪，但Jasper在她身边的行为变得有些异常了。他不停地嗅她。Jasper是一匹受过治疗训练的马。它被训练能够感知各种事物……人们的健康状况、情绪变化，有时甚至能察觉疾病。”)”可知，Taylor先生晚上拜访作者是为了表达对Lila健康的担忧。故选B项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“I stared at him. Part of me wanted to laugh it off. Horses didn’t diagnose illnesses — doctors did. Maybe Mr. Taylor was overreacting. I thanked him and closed the door. (我盯着他看。内心有一部分想一笑置之。马不会诊断疾病——那是医生的事。也许Taylor先生反应过度了。我向他道了谢，然后关上了门)”可知，作者最初并不在意Taylor先生的警告。故选A项。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“He seemed to know just how to behave. He’d lower his great head so she could stroke him without much effort. He stood guard while Lila rested in the straw. It was as if he carried some of her burden for her. (他似乎很清楚该如何表现。他会低下那硕大的脑袋，这样她就能轻松地抚摸他了。当Lila在稻草上休息时，他则站岗守卫着。仿佛他替她分担了部分负担)”和第六段中“There were moments when I truly believed she fought harder because Jasper was waiting for her. He gave her comfort that no doctor, no parent, could provide. (曾有那么一些时刻，我真的相信她之所以会更加努力地坚持，是因为Jasper一直在等着她。他给予她的安慰，是任何医生、任何家长都无法给予的)”可知，Jasper通过体贴的陪伴和独特的安抚方式，提供了非同寻常的情感安慰来支持Lila。故选D项。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“And I knew that without Jasper — and without Mr. Taylor’s warning — we might never have caught it early enough. (而且我深知，若没有Jasper——也没有Taylor先生的提醒——我们或许永远都无法及早发现这个问题)”可知，文章主要讲述了一匹受过治疗训练的马意外察觉女孩的疾病，并在她治疗期间给予关键支持，以出乎意料的方式改变了她的命运。由此推知，奇迹可能以意想不到的形式出现。故选C项。 C For decades, the term “Monday Blues” has been shorthand for the collective groan (呻吟) that greets the start of each workweek. Mondays come with higher rates of anxiety, stress and even suicide compared with other days. To explore the biological basis of this persistent Monday effect, Chandola, a chair professor of medical sociology at the University of Hong Kong, focused on the stress hormone cortisol (皮质醇). When we experience a stressor — whether it’s something psychological, such as an approaching deadline, or physical, such as a biting cold morning-our brain triggers the release of cortisol which helps manage short-term stress. But chronically high levels of cortisol and bodily systems, weakening immune function and increasing the risk of depression, diabetes and obesity. Previous research had shown that cortisol levels can be higher on weekdays than weekends, but few studies had directly examined whether Mondays are uniquely stressful at a biological level. To investigate further, Chandola turned to the English Longitudinal Study of Aging, which follows over 10,000 adults aged 50 and older in England. He asked participants questions like, “How anxious did you feel yesterday?”People also reported which day of the week “yesterday” was. To assess long-term biological toll (伤害), the study analyzed cortisol levels in hair samples to measure cumulative production over two to three months. Of the 3,511 participants, 281 reported feeling anxious on a Monday and 1.080 on another day. Crucially, the study also considered whether they were working or retired. The results were striking. Older adults who felt anxious on Mondays had 23 percent higher cortisol in hair samples collected up to two months later, compared with those feeling anxious on other days. In contrast, anxiety reported on other days did not predict higher cortisol. And the effect was not limited to workers; retirees who felt anxious on Mondays also showed elevated cortisol. In other words, the biological impact of Monday anxiety persist seven after the workweek fades from daily life. One reason people show elevated cortisol on Mondays is that they feel more anxious that day. The data show the effect of anxiety on cortisol is magnified on Mondays. Why might Mondays exert such a powerful effect on the body? Mondays present higher uncertainty, a key driver of stress. For those who don’t adapt to the weekly cycle, the repeated stress of Mondays may accumulate over the course of a lifetime, eventually leading to long-term problems in the body’s regulation of the stress system. It is also possible that some get anxious on Mondays so routinely it becomes an automatic bodily response, one that persists even when the original trigger is gone. Interventions aimed at helping people adapt to the start of the week might have long-term health benefits. The brain’s stress response is plastic, meaning it can change. Practices that support emotion regulation, including meditation, mindfulness, regular physical activity, and good sleep hygiene, may help recondition the brain’s weekly cycle and attenuate stress-related health risks. 28. What can we learn from Chandola’s study? A. Weekdays are more stressful than weekends. B. Stress hormones disrupt our immune function. C. Consequences of “Monday effect” can stretch into retirement. D. Older adults had 23% higher cortisol level than average on Mondays. 29. The underlined word “magnified” in Paragraph 5 probably means . A. clarified B. explained C. multiplied D. ignored 30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Mondays Are Really More Stressful B. Uncertainty drives Monday Anxiety C. Cortisol Peaks on Mondays for Anxious Individuals D. The Weekly Cycle Leaves a Biological Mark on the Body 【答案】28. C 29. C 30. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了研究发现 “周一情绪低落”不仅会让人焦虑紧张，还会使人体皮质醇水平升高，这种周一焦虑带来的生理影响不仅在职人群存在，退休人群同样会受影响，且会产生长期生理作用，同时文中也给出了缓解周一压力、调节身体应激反应的可行方法。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文第四段 “And the effect was not limited to workers; retirees who felt anxious on Mondays also showed elevated cortisol.(这种影响并不局限于在职人员；在周一感到焦虑的退休人士皮质醇水平也有所升高。)”可知，“周一效应” 带来的生理影响即便到了退休之后依然存在，其后果会延续到退休生活中。 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据原文第五段“One reason people show elevated cortisol on Mondays is that they feel more anxious that day. The data show the effect of anxiety on cortisol is magnified on Mondays.(人们周一皮质醇水平升高的一个原因，是他们在这天会感到更加焦虑。数据显示，焦虑对皮质醇的影响在周一被magnified。)” 可知，人们在周一会感到更加焦虑，说明焦虑对皮质醇的影响在周一被放大了，故magnified在此处表示增强、放大，与multiplied语义相近。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“To explore the biological basis of this persistent Monday effect, Chandola, a chair professor of medical sociology at the University of Hong Kong, focused on the stress hormone cortisol.(为探究这种持续存在的“周一效应”背后的生物学基础，香港大学医学社会学讲座教授Chandola将研究重点放在了压力激素皮质醇上。) ”及第五段“One reason people show elevated cortisol on Mondays is that they feel more anxious that day. The data show the effect of anxiety on cortisol is magnified on Mondays.(人们周一皮质醇水平升高的一个原因，是他们在这天会感到更加焦虑。数据显示，焦虑对皮质醇的影响在周一被放大。)”及全文内容可知，文章围绕周一焦虑展开，重点通过研究说明焦虑人群在周一皮质醇水平会明显升高，阐释了周一焦虑背后的生理机制、影响人群及长期危害，因此最合适的标题为：焦虑人群周一皮质醇达到峰值。 D I was at the Gathering for Science in Boston, on 22 April 2017, as were 70.000 other scientists. We were there to stand up for facts and truth. Where are the crowds of scientists now? Since then, harms from science denial have only increased: global suffering has grown owing to inaction on climate change, and some epidemics have risen along with vaccine skepticism. I've been out there talking to the science deniers, and I've asked my scientist friends to come with me. “Those people just aren't worth talking to.” they'll say. “I wouldn't make a difference anyway.” What's wrong. Those people can and do change their minds, although it requires someone to put in the time to overcome distrust. To be sure, many experts have launched themselves against misinformation, enduring abuse on social media and even threats to their safety. But when scientists turn down my invitations, it's not because of fear. Most often, their excuses are grounded in the “backfire effect”, a questionable 2010 finding that people sometimes embrace misconceptions more strongly when fared with corrective information, implying that pushing back against falsehoods is counter-productive. Even the researchers whose results were exaggerated to popularize this idea do not embrace it anymore, and argue that the true challenge is learning how best to target corrective information. In fact, evidence is growing that rebuttals can be effective. Science deniers all draw on the same flawed reasoning techniques: cherry-picking evidence, relying on fake experts, and engaging in illogical reasoning. A landmark 2019 study showed that critiquing the flawed techniques can contain the spread of misinformation. So how does “technique rebuttal” work in practice? Arnaud Gagneur and his colleagues at the University of Sherbrooke conducted more than 1.000 20-minute interviews in which they listened to new parents' concerns about vaccinations and answered their questions. Those parents' children were 9% more likely to receive all the vaccines on the schedule than were those of uninterviewed parents whose babies were delivered in the same maternity ward. One mother told him: “It's the first time that I've had a discussion like this, and I feel respected, and I trust you.” It is self-evident in science communication that you cannot convince a science denier with facts alone; most science deniers don't have a lack of information, but a lack of trust. So what should scientists do? Even non-experts can use technique rebuttal. A geologist can engage a neighbor who is vaccine hesitant. A protein biologist can coach an aunt or uncle who wants “more evidence” that climate change is real. Instead of shilling to more comfortable conversations, engage in respectful exchange. If you spend more time asking questions than offering explanations, people will be more likely to pay attention to the explanations that you do offer. 31. What can we learn from the passage? A. The Gathering for Science addressed online abuse. B. The silence of scientists worsens harm from science denial. C. Ineffective vaccines speed up the spread of some epidemics. D. The author's friends find it valuable to talk with science deniers. 32. According to the passage, the “backfire effect” ______. A. suggests caution before correcting others B. emphasizes the effectiveness of rebuttals C. results from flawed reasoning techniques D. enjoys wide support in the academic field 33. The last two paragraphs suggest that ______. A. the interviewed parents agreed to vaccination due to the sufficiency of the information B. geologists and protein biologists need to make sure the conversations are comfortable C. scientists are encouraged to listen carefully and ask questions during interaction D. scientists should teach non-experts how to conduct respectful exchanges 34. In writing this passage, the author aims to ______. A. express concerns for misinformation B. analyze the main cause of science denial C. advocate employing technique rebuttal D. present the problems scientists encounter 【答案】31. B 32. A 33. C 34. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章提出了否认科学所造成的危害不断加剧这一问题，然后就此问题提出解决办法，即要有技术性的反驳，鼓励科学家在互动过程中，要去仔细聆听他人且问他人问题。 【详解】1.推理判断题。根据第二段的“Where are the crowds of scientists now? Since then, harms from science denial have only increased: global suffering has grown owing to inaction on climate change, and some epidemics have risen along with vaccine skepticism.”(如今，科学家们在哪里？自从那时起，否认科学的危害只增不减: 由于对气候变化的不作为，全球苦难加剧，随着对疫苗的怀疑，一些流行病不断出现。)可知，作者提出 “科学家如今都在哪里？”，这暗示了科学家们如今都保持沉默，从而加剧了否认科学所造成的危害。故选B。 2.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Most often, their excuses are grounded in the “backfire effect”a questionable 2010 finding that people sometimes embrace misconceptions more strongly when fared with corrective information, implying that pushing back against falsehoods is counter-productive.”( 大多数情况下，他们的借口都是基于“回火效应”，2010年的一值得怀疑的发现是，当人们面对纠正性信息时，人们有时会更强烈地接受错误概念，这意味着反击谬误是适得其反的。)可知，backfire effect(回火效应)表明，人们在纠正别人时会产生适得其反的效果，所以推断出，backfire effect(回火效应)表明在纠正其他人之前要谨慎。故选A。 3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“...conducted more than 1.000 20-minute interviews in which they listened to new parents' concerns about vaccinations and answered their questions... It is self-evident in science communication that you cannot convince a science denier with facts alone; most science deniers don't have a lack of information, but a lack of trust.”(进行了超过1000次20分钟的采访，在采访中，他们听取新任父母对疫苗的关注，并回答了他们的问题......在科学传播中，你不能仅凭事实就说服一个否认科学的人，这是不言而喻的；大多数否认科学的人并不缺乏信息，而是缺乏信任。)和最后一段“If you spend more time asking questions than offering explanations, people will be more likely to pay attention to the explanations that you do offer.”(如果你花更多的时间问问题而不是解释，人们就会更加注意你给出的解释。)可以推断出，最后两段表明，在互动过程中，科学家被鼓励要去仔细聆听他人且问他人问题，故选C。 4.推理判断题。文章第一段讲了2017年“我”和70000位科学家一起在波士顿的科学大会上维护事实和真理。第二段讲述了如今，科学家们都保持沉默，否认科学所造成的危害不断加剧。第三段作者表明只要投入时间就能改变别人对科学的否认。第四段作者用“回火效应”来表明，在纠正别人之前要谨慎。第五段作者提出反驳别人的谬误是有效果的。第六段，第七段和第八段介绍了“技术性的反驳”在实践中的应用，同时要鼓励科学家在互动过程中，要仔细聆听他人，且问他人问题。所以，综合全文可知，作者先提出现有的问题，即否认科学造成危害不断加剧，然后提出解决办法--即要有技术性的反驳，所以可推断出，作者写这篇文章的目的就是要提倡使用技术性的反驳，故选C。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you had to save the life of a person or an animal, which would you choose? Most adults say they would pick the person, but almost half of young children would prefer to save the animal, according to a study in Poland. “The finding really surprised us,” says Matti Wilks at the University of Edinburgh, UK. ___35___ For example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose. ___36___ Using a toy railway and Lego figures, Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem. The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal — either a dog or chimpanzee. ___37___ About 42 per cent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car collide with the person, compared with just 17 per cent of adults. About 28 per cent of children also prioritised the chimpanzee over the person, compared with 11 per cent of adults. “Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s really important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals,” says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. ___38___ “However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people,” says Neldner. ___39___ When she asked Australian children aged 4 to 10 to order pictures of people, animals, plants and objects according to how much they cared about them, the 4-year-olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins than about classmates, police officers and sick people, but this was reversed in the 10-year-olds. The reason children value dogs so highly is probably due to familiarity, says Wilks. Her studies have found that children who spent more time with dogs were more likely to say they would save a dog over a person. A. Most adults view human life as especially precious. B. Her research suggests this shift starts by the age of 10. C. Surprisingly, children were more likely to save a dog over a person. D. For comparison, the researchers repeated this with 178 Polish adults aged 18 to 50. E. As a result, they don’t show a strong preference for saving one over the other, she says. F. About 28 per cent of children aged 5 to 9 said they would save a dog over a person, compared with 8 per cent of adults. G. However, growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently. 【答案】35. A 36. G 37. D 38. E 39. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了在面临“救人还是救动物”的选择时，儿童与成人的不同倾向及其背后的原因。 【35题详解】 由上文“‘The finding really surprised us,’ says Matti Wilks at the University of Edinburgh, UK. (英国爱丁堡大学的马蒂·威尔克斯说：‘这一发现真的让我们很惊讶。’)”以及下文“For example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose. (例如，一项对233个国家数百万人（其中大多数是20多岁和30多岁的人）的调查发现，他们大多认为，如果自动驾驶汽车必须做出选择，就应该撞向狗或猫而不是人。)”可知，本空要说明成人普遍认为人的生命更宝贵，A选项“Most adults view human life as especially precious. (大多数成年人认为人的生命特别宝贵。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“Most adults”与下文的调查对象“millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s”相呼应。故选A。 【36题详解】 由下文“Using a toy railway and Lego figures, Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem. (威尔克斯和她的同事们用玩具铁路和乐高积木，向波兰城市地区的170名6至9岁儿童展示了基于‘电车难题’这一思想实验的场景。)”可知，本空需要一个转折，引出儿童与成人不同的态度，G选项“However, growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently. (然而，越来越多的证据表明，许多年幼的孩子的感受不同。)”能引起下文，符合题意，该选项中的“young children”与下文“170 children aged 6 to 9”相呼应。故选G。 【37题详解】 由上文“The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal — either a dog or chimpanzee. (孩子们必须决定是否将失控的轨道车引向两条轨道中的一条，让它撞向乐高小人或乐高动物——狗或黑猩猩。)”以及下文“About 42 per cent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car collide with the person, compared with just 17 per cent of adults. (约42%的孩子想要救狗，让轨道车撞向人，而成年人中这一比例仅为17%。)”可知，本空需要介绍针对成人的对比实验，D选项“For comparison, the researchers repeated this with 178 Polish adults aged 18 to 50. (为了对比，研究人员对178名18至50岁的波兰成年人重复了这一实验。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“repeated this”指代上文的实验“direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks”，“adults”与下文“17 per cent of adults”对应。故选D。 【38题详解】 由上文“‘Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s really important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals,’ says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. (德国马克斯·普朗克进化人类学研究所的卡里·内尔德纳说：‘孩子们从父母、老师和其他人那里学到，关心他人非常重要，但他们可能更容易将其作为一条适用于人类和动物的普遍规则来学习。’)”以及下文“‘However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people,’ says Neldner. (内尔德纳说：‘然而，随着年龄的增长，他们可能会接受那些告诉我们关心他人非常重要的文化叙事。’)”可知，本空要说明儿童初期对人和动物的态度没有明显偏好，E选项“As a result, they don’t show a strong preference for saving one over the other, she says. (因此，他们并没有表现出强烈的偏好，要救其中一个而不是另一个。)”能承接上文，符合题意，该选项中的“don’t show a strong preference”与上文“blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals”相呼应。故选E。 【39题详解】 由下文“When she asked Australian children aged 4 to 10 to order pictures of people, animals, plants and objects according to how much they cared about them, the 4-year-olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins than about classmates, police officers and sick people, but this was reversed in the 10-year-olds. (当她让4至10岁的澳大利亚儿童根据他们对人、动物、植物和物体的关心程度来排序图片时，4岁的孩子往往更关心狗、猫和海豚，而不是同学、警察和病人，但10岁的孩子则相反。)”可知，本空要说明这种态度转变的时间节点，B选项“Her research suggests this shift starts by the age of 10. (她的研究表明，这种转变在10岁时就已开始。)”能概括下文内容，符合题意，该选项中的“shift starts by the age of 10”与下文“4-year-olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins”以及“but this was reversed in the 10-year-olds”相呼应。故选B。 第三部分 阅读表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息,完成对该问题的回答。答语要结构正确，书写工整，字迹清楚。 Over the years I have been fascinated to read about studies into the power of touch. One famous study examined videos of how people responded to those near them who had been the victim of a bad fortune. It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way. Offering hugs to calm victims may be an instinct that we got from primate ancestors. Another study found that when the husband or wife of a patient in sorrow reaches out and holds their hand, they become settled and less sorrowful. Touch symbolizes safety and love, which is one of the most important aspects for development as a child. When we are upset as adults, we seek out the same things. Humans are wired to be touched. Nevertheless, many people today suffer from “touch hunger”, which occurs when a person experiences little touch for a long time. It is associated with greater stress, anxiety and loneliness, and lower-quality sleep. Actually, even the briefest touch — a warm handshake, a gentle pat, or a high-five — is often enough to convey love and care. Be a giver! 40. What did the first study find about touch? ______________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why is touch important? ______________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Touch has the great power to give people who suffer from “touch hunger” strong emotional experiences, but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care. ______________________________________________________________________________ 43. Apart from touch, what other way(s) do you often use to express your love and care in your life? (In about 40 words) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. The first study found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way, and offering hugs to calm victims may be an instinct inherited from primate ancestors. 41. Touch is important because it symbolizes safety and love, which is essential for a child’s development. Even as adults, people seek touch when they are upset, as humans are naturally wired to be touched. 42. The false part is “but a brief touch like a handshake is too light to convey love and care.” According to the passage, even the briefest touch — a warm handshake, a gentle pat, or a high-five — is often enough to convey love and care. 43. I often express love and care by spending quality time with family and friends, listening to them patiently when they are upset, and offering words of encouragement. I also cook for them or write small notes to brighten their day. 【解析】 【导语】研究表明触摸有安抚治愈作用，源自人类本能，象征安全与关爱。长期缺乏触碰易产生压力孤独，哪怕短暂肢体接触也能传递温暖与善意。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“It found that humans and primates comfort one another and demonstrate care in a similar way. Offering hugs to calm victims may be an instinct that we got from primate ancestors.(研究发现，人类和灵长类动物在相互安慰和表达关爱方面有着相似的方式。向受害者递出拥抱以使其平静下来，或许是我们从灵长类动物祖先那里继承下来的本能行为)”可知，第一项研究发现，人类和灵长类动物在相互安慰和表达关爱方面有着相似的方式，而给予拥抱来安抚受害者或许是一种从灵长类祖先那里继承下来的本能。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Touch symbolizes safety and love, which is one of the most important aspects for development as a child. When we are upset as adults, we seek out the same things.(触摸象征着安全与爱，这是儿童成长过程中最为重要的方面之一。当我们成年人感到不安时，我们会寻求同样的东西)”可知，触摸非常重要，因为它象征着安全与爱，这对于孩子的成长至关重要。即使对于成年人而言，在感到沮丧时也会寻求触摸，因为人类天生就渴望被触碰。 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Actually, even the briefest touch — a warm handshake, a gentle pat, or a high-five — is often enough to convey love and care.(实际上，哪怕是最简单的接触——一个温暖的握手、一个轻柔的拍背动作，或者一个击掌——往往也足以传递出爱意和关怀)”可知，错误的部分是“但像握手这样的短暂接触太过轻柔，无法传递出爱与关怀。”根据这篇文章的内容，即便是最短暂的接触——一个温暖的握手、一个轻柔的拍背或者一个击掌——往往也足以传递出爱与关怀。 【43题详解】 考查开放题。根据“除了触摸之外，您在生活中通常还会通过其他什么方式来表达您的爱与关怀呢？”可回答：我常常通过与家人和朋友共度美好时光、耐心倾听他们倾诉烦恼以及给予鼓励的话语来表达爱与关怀。我还为他们做饭，或者写些小纸条来让他们的心情变得愉悦。 第二节(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你们学校将举办主题为“Literature and Me”的文学节活动，请你用英语给交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括： 1.活动内容； 2.邀请理由。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I hope this email finds you well. Our school is going to hold a literary festival themed “Literature and Me”, and I’m writing to invite you to join us. The festival will take place next Friday afternoon in the school library. There will be a book-sharing session where students can introduce their favorite books, a short play performed based on a famous novel, and a poetry writing workshop. It will be a great chance to explore the beauty of literature. Since you love reading and always share unique ideas, I believe you will truly enjoy the event. It’s also a wonderful opportunity to learn more about Chinese and Western literary works. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】题目要求考生用英语给交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加学校将举办主题为“Literature and Me”的文学节活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 举办：hold→carry out 著名的：famous→notable 探索：explore→probe 独特的：unique→particular 2.句式拓展 同义句 原句：Our school is going to hold a literary festival themed “Literature and Me”, and I’m writing to invite you to join us. 拓展句：Our school is going to hold a literary festival whose theme is “Literature and Me”, and I’m writing to invite you to join us. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Our school is going to hold a literary festival themed “Literature and Me”, and I’m writing to invite you to join us.（运用了过去分词短语themed...作后置定语） [高分句型2] Since you love reading and always share unique ideas, I believe you will truly enjoy the event.（运用了since引导原因状语从句，省略了that的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $