精品解析：北京市陈经纶中学2025-2026学年第二学期期中考试高二英语试题

北京市陈经纶中学期中考试 高二年级英语学科 （时间：90分钟 满分：100分） 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Bernard, the 82-year-old retired police officer, was heartbroken when he ____1____ his precious medal. His house was broken into last December. The thief took away some jewelry, some cash and his treasured medal given for his 32 years of ____2____ with Liverpool Police Station. He believed the medal was gone forever. Three months later, David, a young volunteer pulled the medal from a river in a “one-in-a-million” catch. The young man was in a litter clean-up programme in Liverpool. He had been using a large magnet (磁铁) to ____3____ metal rubbish out of the river for 30 minutes when he found a small blue metal box. “I would have never found the medal if we hadn’t ____4____ all the rubbish in the river first,” said David. “At first, we found old bits of shopping carts and other metal items but about half an hour later, I pulled out the ____5____ , and it’s got ‘Police Long Service Medal’ written on it, It really was like finding a needle in a haystack (干草堆).” ____6____ , the medal was carved with Bernard’s name and the medal number, which David used to ____7____ the senior’s phone number online. The retired police officer was ____8____ when he received a call saying the medal had been found in a river, still in its metal box. And when he was told it would be ____9____ to him by the young man who found it, his face lit up. David then planned a visit to meet Bernard and returned the medal to him. “This was truly the best _____10_____ for cleaning up that rubbish... It’s amazing,” David said. 1. A. damaged B. lost C. sold D. dirtied 2. A. business B. communication C. cooperation D. service 3. A. net B. site C. cup D. fish 4. A. tackled B. deserted C. recycled D. buried 5. A. magnet B. rubbish C. box D. jewelry 6. A. Apparently B. Thankfully C. Gradually D. Consequently 7. A. track B. recall C. record D. dial 8. A. nervous B. astonished C. proud D. embarrassed 9. A. awarded B. submitted C. presented D. addressed 10. A. drive B. proof C. wish D. reward 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一记叙文。退休警察贝尔纳家遭小偷光顾，丢失的物件包括他珍贵的勋章，三个月后，利物浦参加垃圾清理计划的志愿者大卫在河道清理时，意外打捞到装有勋章的盒子，并按照上面的信息，找到了他，并交还给了他。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝尔纳是一名82岁的退休警察，他失去了珍贵的勋章，伤心欲绝。A. damaged损坏；B. lost丢失；C. sold出售；D. dirtied弄脏。根据第一段“The thief took away some jewelry, some cash and his treasured medal given for his 32 years of ____2____ with Liverpool Police Station. (小偷偷走了一些珠宝、现金和他因在利物浦警察局工作32年而获得的珍贵勋章。)”可知，小偷偷了贝尔纳的勋章，所以贝尔纳失去了（lost）勋章。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：小偷偷走了一些珠宝、现金和他因在利物浦警察局任职32年而获得的珍贵勋章。A. business业务；B. communication沟通；C. cooperation合作；D. service服务。根据句中的his treasured medal given for his 32 years可知，这个勋章是因为他多年的工作而得到的，此处考查名词serve，意为“长期、受到敬重的工作，效劳，服务”，常用名词短语service with…，意为“在……任职，工作”，故选D项。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用一块大磁铁从河里打捞金属垃圾30分钟后，他发现了一个蓝色的小金属盒子。A. net净赚；B. site使坐落在；C. cup做成杯状；D. fish搜寻，摸找。此处考查动词短语fish sth out of sth，意为“从……中取出，拿出，拖出……”，根据上一句“The young man was in a litter clean-up programme in Liverpool. (这名年轻人正在利物浦参加垃圾清理计划。)”，磁铁可以吸附一些金属，故这位年轻人用磁铁吸附河道里的金属垃圾，以清理河道。故选D项。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们没有先处理河里的所有垃圾，我永远不会找到勋章。A. tackled处理；B. deserted遗弃；C. recycled回收；D. buried掩埋。根据上文“The young man was in a litter clean-up programme in Liverpool. He had been using a large magnet (磁铁) to ____3____ metal rubbish out of the river for 30 minutes when he found a small blue metal box. (这名年轻人正在利物浦参加垃圾清理计划。他用一块大磁铁从河里打捞金属垃圾30分钟后，他发现了一个蓝色的小金属盒子。)”可知，这个垃圾清理计划包括了清理河道里的金属垃圾，tackled符合语境。故选A项。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，我们发现了购物车和其他金属物品的旧碎片，但大约半小时后，我拽出一个盒子，上面写着“警察长期服务勋章”，真的就像大海捞针一样。A. magnet磁铁；B. rubbish垃圾；C. box盒子；D. jewelry珠宝。根据下文“The retired police officer was ____8____ when he received a call saying the medal had been found in a river, still in its metal box. (当这位退休警官接到电话说勋章在河里被发现时，勋章还装在金属盒子里，他非常惊讶。)”可知，勋章存放在盒子（box）里。故选C项。 【6题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，奖章上刻着伯纳德的名字和奖章号码，大卫用它在网上追踪了这位前辈的电话号码。A. Apparently显然；B. Thankfully谢天谢地；C. Gradually逐渐；D. Consequently因此。能够通过勋章上的信息找到失主，是一件庆幸的事，Thankfully符合语境。故选B项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，奖章上刻着伯纳德的名字和奖章号码，大卫用它在网上追踪了这位前辈的电话号码。A. track追查；B. recall回想起；C. record记录；D. dial拨号。句中的the medal was carved with Bernard’s name and the medal number可知，勋章上的信息方便David追查（track）到失主的电话号码。故选A项。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：(当这位退休警官接到电话说勋章在河里被发现时，勋章还装在金属盒子里，他非常惊讶。A. nervous紧张的；B. astonished惊讶的；C. proud骄傲的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据第一段最后一句“He believed the medal was gone forever. (他以为奖章永远消失了。)”可知，原本伯纳德认为，勋章再也找不回来了，但现在有人打电话告知勋章的下落，他惊讶，在情理之中。故选B项。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他被告知发现它的年轻人将把它交给他时，他的脸上露出了笑容。A. awarded授予；B. submitted屈服；C. presented提交，交给；D. addressed致辞。根据下文“David then planned a visit to meet Bernard and returned the medal to him. (随后，大卫计划去拜访伯纳德，并把奖章还给了他。)”可知，David不但找到了失主，还亲自把勋章交给了（presented）他。故选C项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这确实是清理垃圾的最好回报。A. drive驱动；B. proof证明；C. wish愿望；D. reward奖励，回报。根据下文“It’s amazing (这事令人惊奇)”，上文“I pulled out the ____5____ , and it’s got ‘Police Long Service Medal’ written on it, It really was like finding a needle in a haystack (干草堆). (我拽出一个盒子，上面写着‘警察长期服务勋章’，真的就像大海捞针一样。)”可知，清理河道金属垃圾的过程中，意外发现勋章，并归还失主，实属意料之外的好事，reward符合语境。故选D项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Many common things around the house are very useful. For example, warm water can be used for cleaning. When salt is put ____11____ warm water, it can help ease a sore throat. Warm water can also be used to make an orange taste better. The secret is the warmth of the water. The fruit becomes sweeter, ____12____ the warm water lowers its level of sourness. Another example is ____13____ you can try a banana peel when your shoes look dirty. The tannin in the peel works like magic, making your shoes shiny and bright! 【答案】11. into##in 12. because 13. that 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。简要列举了家庭中的很多常见物品的用途。 【11题详解】 考查介词。句意：把盐放在温水中，可以帮助缓解喉咙痛。分析句子可知，此处应为固定短语put in/into意为“放入”符合句意。故填in/into。 【12题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：水果变得更甜，因为温水降低了它的酸味。分析句子可知，此处应为连词引导的状语从句，根据句意可知，主句与从句之间为因果关系，此处应为because引导的原因状语从句。故填because 【13题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：另一个例子是，当你的鞋子看起来脏的时候，你可以试试香蕉皮。分析句子客户自，此处应为连词引导的表语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，且句意完整，所以使用连接词that。故填that。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Not all inventions have been the result of a ____14____ (care) plan. In the 1940s, an American scientist, Percy Spencer, was trying to make a machine, with the hope that it ____15____ (use) radio waves to detect warplanes. One day, after the experiment, Spencer found that a chocolate bar in his pocket had melted. Spencer then placed some corn in front of the machine. Soon, the corn was popping everywhere. Thus, the microwave oven (微波炉) ____16____ (invent) by chance． 【答案】14. careful 15. would use 16. was invented 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了微波炉的发明史。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：并非所有的发明都是精心策划的结果。提示词作定语，修饰名词plan，用形容词careful，意为“谨慎的，周密的”。故填careful。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：20世纪40年代，美国科学家珀西·斯宾塞试图制造一台机器，希望它能利用无线电波探测战机。提示词是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语it之间是主动关系；主句是一般过去时态，结合句意，表示希望将要发生的事情，用过去将来时would do。故填would use。 【16题详解】 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：因此，微波炉的发明纯属偶然。分析句子可知，invent(发明)是句中谓语动词，与主语the microwave oven之间是被动关系，讲述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填was invented。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A group of large white birds with black faces appear in the sky. There are only about six hundred of them ____17____ (leave) in the world. These beautiful black-faced spoonbills are some of the world’s ____18____ (rare) birds. The birds have flown all the way from their summer home to this wetland, ____19____ they will spend the winter. Now, they circle and land. Many people are crowding by the lake and then begin to shoot them. Is this the end for the spoonbills? No. The people are bird-watchers, ____20____ (shoot) photographs. 【答案】17. left 18. rarest 19. where 20. shooting 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍珍稀黑脸琵鹭迁徙越冬及游人观鸟拍照的情景。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：世界上仅存大约六百只这样的鸟了。leave与them构成动宾关系，应用过去分词left作后置定语，表示“被留存下来”。 【18题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：这些美丽的黑脸琵鹭是世界上最稀有的鸟类之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”为固定结构，表示“最……之一”，此处应用rare的最高级rarest，表示“最稀有的”。 【19题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这些鸟从它们夏季的栖息地一路飞到这片湿地，它们将在那里度过冬天。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词wetland，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些人是观鸟者，正在拍摄照片。空处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语The people与shoot为主动关系，用现在分词shooting作伴随状语。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Every year, young, talented, and ambitious nature conservationists from all over the world participate in the presentation of the Future For Nature (FFN) Award, an honorable international award. The Future For Nature aims to: • Reward and fund individuals for their outstanding efforts in the protection of species of wildlife. • Encourage winners to sustain their dedicated work. ·• Help winners to raise their profiles, extend their professional network and strengthen their funding basis. Benefits • The winners each receive 50,000 euros and may make their own decision to spend the money in the service of nature conservation. • FFN offers the winners a platform and brings their stories to the attention of conservationists, financiers and a wide audience, allowing them to increase their impact and gain more access to funds. • FFN is building a growing family of winners, dedicated people who form a community of people with the same interest. FFN offers them the opportunity to meet each other and continue to learn with each other in order to continue their fight for nature as efficiently and effectively as possible. Qualifications The candidate (候选人): • Must be born on or after the 31st May 1988 and before the 28th of August 2005. • Is able to explain his/her conservation work in fluent English (written and spoken) • Has achieved substantial and long-term benefits to the conservation status of one or more animal or plant species. • Must be determined to continue his/her conservation work, as the Award aims to stimulate the winner’s future work. It is not an “end of career” prize. Additional Remarks For the 2024 Future For Future Awards, we are again searching for natural leaders, who have proven that they can make a difference in species’ survival. From all applications, 6 to 10 nominees (被提名者) will be selected. These applicants will be asked to provide additional information, which will be used to select the final Awardees. Ultimately, three inspiring wildlife heroes are selected as the winners. Application Process: Apply online through the Apply Now link. Application Deadline: 28th August, 2023 21. Which is one of the aims of the Future For Nature? A. To aid more green groups B. To fund academic education. C. To inspire conservation efforts. D. To raise environmental awareness. 22. The winners will get the chance to _______. A. consult top specialists B. meet those who are of the same ambition C. benefit the local community D. promote self-created platforms 23. To apply for the 2024 Future For Nature Awards, candidates must ________. A. meet the age requirement B. apply via mail by the deadline C. turn in the application in English D. provide additional personal information 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了“自然未来奖 (FFN)”的目的，益处，资格和申请候选人等相关信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章The Future For Nature aims to部分“• Reward and fund individuals for their outstanding efforts in the protection of species of wildlife.(•奖励和资助在保护野生动物物种方面做出杰出努力的个人)”和“• Encourage winners to sustain their dedicated work.(•鼓励获奖者坚持他们的敬业精神)”可知，FFN的目标之一是激励保护工作。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Benefits部分“• FFN is building a growing family of winners, dedicated people who form a community of people with the same interest. FFN offers them the opportunity to meet each other and continue to learn with each other in order to continue their fight for nature as efficiently and effectively as possible.(•FFN正在建立一个不断壮大的赢家家庭，他们是有奉献精神的人，组成了一个有着相同兴趣的人的社区。FFN为他们提供了见面和继续相互学习的机会，以便尽可能高效地继续为自然而战)”可知，获胜者将有机会认识志同道合的人。故选B。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Qualifications部分“The candidate: • Must be born on or after the 31st May 1988 and before the 28th of August 2005.(候选人: •必须出生于1988年5月31日或之后至2005年8月28日之前)”可知，要申请2024年自然未来奖，候选人必须符合年龄要求。故选A。 B I wrestled her to the ground for the keys, literally. Indeed, when she opened the door to leave the house at 11 pm for the movies despite my words, I actually wrestled my 16-year-old daughter to the ground. I did not know how to deal with a rebellious (叛逆的) teenager. We are a family of strong wills, from the top down. All my kids had pushed and argued. Everyone “kind of” followed the rules. As they got older, especially when they hit high school, I saw the power shifting, but it hadn’t been so obvious. I had not seen much in-your-face rebellion. Until this happened. I called Amy Speidel, a wise and practical parenting expert. She stayed on the phone with me and listened to my wild complaint about my disrespectful kid. She listened for almost two hours and then gave me some suggestions. Amy told me that my daughter’s behavior was “developmentally appropriate”-she was supposed to test the boundaries. Amy also said that it was great that my daughter would be able to stand up for herself in a relationship that wasn’t working. Those comments really made me feel awful. I hadn’t considered anything positive about her behavior — but outside of our mother-daughter relationship, I would never want to devalue my daughter’s strong will. After talking with Amy, I realized that I was the one who needed help understanding discipline vs control. Honestly, I did hate that the responsibility was on me. I wanted permission to scream and punish. But I listened to Amy and here’s what I learned. 1. My daughter’s behavior was normal. That eased my fears that I had raised a terrible human and failed as a mother. 2. My daughter’s strong personality was a strength. That revelation was a huge gift. I value her qualities but don’t want them used against me. I will soften my response and listen to her. 3. I went crazy. In fact, I crossed a line. And that happens. But I learned to apologize and reset so that we could move forward. My job, therefore, is to learn new responses that offer my daughter options and realistic consequences, not empty threats. And hopefully, this will change my relationship with my daughter. 24. What is the actual reason the author had a fight with her daughter? A. The daughter wouldn’t give her the keys. B. The daughter didn’t come back until 11 pm. C. The daughter insisted on going out late at night. D. The daughter wanted to go to the movies with friends. 25. The comments made the author feel “awful” because_______. A. she had helped her daughter to test boundaries B. she didn’t treasure the mother-daughter relationship C. she thought Amy was criticizing her daughter’s upbringing D. she hadn’t noticed the desirable aspects of her daughter’s behavior 26. After the phone call, the author learned that ______. A. her daughter’s strong character should be softened B. she should constructively deal with conflict C. her daughter should control her behavior D. she should admit her failure as a mother 27. According to Amy, what should the author say if the same situation happens again? A. “Do you really think you can just walk out the door like that?” B. “It’s not safe to be out so late. What about tomorrow afternoon?” C. “It doesn’t matter whether you go out or not. I will support you.” D. “You have been disrespectful and can’t go out tonight. Is that clear?” 【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者和自己的女儿发生冲突后，和育儿专家通话后改变原来的处理冲突的方式，希望能改善和女儿的关系。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“I wrestled her to the ground for the keys, literally. Indeed, when she opened the door to leave the house at 11 pm for the movies despite my words, I actually wrestled my 16-year-old daughter to the ground. (我因为钥匙把她摔在地上，真的。事实上，当她不顾我的话，在晚上11点开门离开家去看电影时，我把我16岁的女儿摔倒在地)”可知，作者和女儿吵架的真正原因是因为女儿坚持深夜外出。故选C。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“Those comments really made me feel awful. I hadn’t considered anything positive about her behavior — but outside of our mother-daughter relationship, I would never want to devalue my daughter’s strong will. (那些评论真的让我感觉很糟糕。我没有考虑过她的行为有什么积极的方面——但除了我们母女的关系，我从来不想贬低我女儿坚强的意志)”可知，这些评论让作者感到“糟糕”，是因为作者没有注意到女儿行为中积极的方面，也就是令人满意的方面。故选D。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第七段“After talking with Amy, I realized that I was the one who needed help understanding discipline vs control. Honestly, I did hate that the responsibility was on me. I wanted permission to scream and punish. (在和艾米交谈之后，我意识到我才是那个需要帮助来理解纪律和控制的人。老实说，我确实讨厌责任落在我身上。我想要被允许尖叫和惩罚)”可推知，通过电话，作者了解到她应该建设性地处理冲突，故选B。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“My job, therefore, is to learn new responses that offer my daughter options and realistic consequences, not empty threats. And hopefully, this will change my relationship with my daughter. (因此，我的工作是学习新的回应，为我的女儿提供选择和现实的后果，而不是空洞的威胁。希望这能改变我和女儿的关系)”可推知，在重新处理同样的情况时，作者应该会把深夜离家的后果——不安全告诉女儿，并且让她选择一个其他时间出门。故选B。 C Laughing together is an important way for people to connect and bond. And though the causes of laughter can vary widely across individuals and groups, the sound of a laugh is usually recognizable between people belonging to different cultures. But what about animals? Do they “laugh”? And are the causes of animal and human laughter alike? In humans, people may laugh when they hear a joke, or when they see something that they think is funny, though it’s unknown if animals’ intelligence includes what humans would call a sense of humor. However, many animals produce sounds during play that are unique to that pleasant social interaction. Researchers consider such vocalizations to be similar to human laughter. Recently, scientists investigated play vocalization to see how common it was among animals. The team identified 65 species that “laughed” while playing — most were mammals (哺乳动物), but a few bird species demonstrated playful laughter too. Reports of playful laughter were notably absent in studies describing fish, perhaps because there is some question as to whether or not play exists at all in that animal group. This new study could help scientists to analyze the origins of human laughter. But how can we identify play? Unlike fighting, play is usually repetitive and happens independently of other social behaviors, said lead study author Sasha Winkler, a doctor of biological anthropology at the University of California. When it comes to identifying it, “you know it when you see it,” Winkler told Live Science. One sign is that primates — our closest relatives — have a “play face” that is similar to the expressions of humans who are playing. When Winkler previously worked with rhesus macaques, she had noticed that the monkeys panted (喘气) quietly while playing. Many other primates are also known to vocalize during play, she said, so a hypothesis (laughter in humans is thought to have originated during play) supported by the play-related panting laughter of many primate species was put forward. People now still laugh during play, but we also integrate laughter into language and non-play behaviors, using laughter in diverse ways to express a range of emotions that may be positive or negative. Human laughter notably differs from other animals’ laughter in another important way: its volume. People broadcast their laughter loudly, often as a way of establishing inclusion. By comparison, when most animals laugh, the sound is very quiet — just loud enough to be heard by the laugher’s partner. “It’s really fascinating that so many animals have a similar function of vocalization during play,” Winkler told Live Science. “But we do have these unique parts of human laughter that are also an important area for future study." 28. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain causes of animal and human laughter. B. To assess complexities regarding animal laughter. C. To present findings on the existence of animal laughter. D. To analyze differences between animal and human laughter. 29. What can we learn from this passage? A. Animal laughter is even noticeable in fish. B. Animal laughter is hard to recognize during play. C. People have learned to combine play with laughter. D. People laugh loudly because they want to involve others. 30. What is probably the focus of future study on laughter? A. Distinctive features of human laughter. B. Different functions of animal laughter. C. The origin and development of human laughter. D. The relationship between animal laughter and intelligence. 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于“动物界存在笑声”的相关研究成果。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“But what about animals? Do they “laugh”? And are the causes of animal and human laughter alike?(但是动物呢？他们会“笑”吗？动物和人类笑的原因是一样的吗？)”提出的三个问题、第三段中“Recently, scientists investigated play vocalization to see how common it was among animals. The team identified 65 species that “laughed” while playing — most were mammals (哺乳动物), but a few bird species demonstrated playful laughter too.(最近，科学家们调查了游戏中的发声，看看它在动物中有多普遍。研究小组确定了65种会在玩耍时“笑”的物种——大多数是哺乳动物，但一些鸟类也会笑)”、第五段中“Many other primates are also known to vocalize during play, she said, so a hypothesis (laughter in humans is thought to have originated during play) supported by the play-related panting laughter of many primate species was put forward.(她说，许多其他灵长类动物也会在玩耍时发出声音，因此提出了一种假说(人类的笑声被认为是在玩耍时产生的)，这种假说得到了许多灵长类动物与玩耍有关的喘息笑声的支持)”和最后一段中“‘It’s really fascinating that so many animals have a similar function of vocalization during play,’ Winkler told Live Science.(温克勒告诉《生活科学》杂志说：“这么多动物在玩耍时都有类似的发声功能，这真的很有趣。”)”中给出的相关答案可知，本文是为了展示“动物界存在笑声”相关研究的成果。故选C项。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中“People broadcast their laughter loudly, often as a way of establishing inclusion.(人们大声传播他们的笑声，这通常是作为一种寻求参与者的方式)”可知，人们大声地笑是为了让其它人参与进来。故选D项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But we do have these unique parts of human laughter that are also an important area for future study.(但我们确实有人类笑声所独有的部分，这也是未来研究的一个重要领域)”可推知，接下来的研究很可能重点关注人类笑声的独特特征。故选A项。 D Arguably, the biggest science development of the year to date has been the images of the very depths of the universe taken by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Those images beg a comparison between the external and internal universes that science is bent on observing and understanding. Decades ago, astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said, “The universe is also within. We’re made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself. ” He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space. There are many similarities between the progress we’ve made in understanding the universe and in piecing together life’s inner workings. Like the technological developments that took us from Galileo’s telescope to the Hubble to the JWST, life science tools have also improved rapidly. From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones, these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biology’s infinitesimal (无限小的) landscape. Learning that living things were composed of cells was, not a terribly long time ago, a revolutionary observation. Since then, scientists have been able to dive ever deeper into the components of life. Going beyond merely observing the complicated makeup of organisms, life scientists can now discover the workings of molecules (分子). And that is where scanning the universe differs from peering into biology. Understanding the universe, especially from a functional standpoint, is not necessarily an immediate urgency. Understanding biology on that level is. Simply observing the amazing internal structure of cells is not enough. Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges. Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science. But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Through time, biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge. Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components, even more importantly, they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors, of immune cells on foreign invaders (入侵者), and of genetic perturbations (基因干扰) on development and aging. This is not to belittle the work of scientists researching into universe. They should rightly be praised for delivering views of impossibly distant, impossibly massive phenomena. My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that science’s inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, more urgent. The output of both the outward and inward explorations should stimulate wonder in everyone. After all, it’s all star-stuff. 31. Why does the author quote Carl Sagan’s comment in Paragraph 2? A. To introduce the background. B. To prove an assumption. C. To make a comparison. D. To present an idea. 32. Like the study of the universe, life science has been advancing in ________. A. study approaches B. system management C. research facilities D. technology integration 33. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that biologists’ work is ________. A. practical B. risky C. flexible D. popular 34. As for life science, which would the author agree with? A. It has received universal recognition. B. It should enjoy priority in development. C. It can be applied in the majority of areas. D. It is more complicated than space science. 【答案】31. D 32. C 33. A 34. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述生命科学像宇宙一样复杂，随着生命科学工具的迅速改进，科学家们就能够更深入地研究生命的组成部分并且取得很大的成就，并且作者认为应优先发展生命科学。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Decades ago, astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said, “The universe is also within is. We’re made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself. ” He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space. (几十年前，天体物理学家卡尔·萨根说过一句名言：“宇宙也在身体之内。”我们是由恒星组成的。我们是宇宙认识自己的一种方式。他当时的评论是，我们的内部宇宙和外太空一样复杂、一样奇妙。)”可知他提出我们的身体像宇宙一样复杂和奇妙，这是一个想法，故选D。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Like the technological developments that took us from Galileo’s telescope to the Hubble to the JWST, life science tools have also improved rapidly. From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones, these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biology’s infinitesimal (无限小的) landscape. (就像从伽利略望远镜到哈勃望远镜再到JWST的技术发展一样，生命科学工具也在迅速改进。从早期的光学显微镜到现代的超分辨率显微镜，这些发展使研究人员能够深入观察生物学的微小景观。)”可知就像对宇宙的研究一样，生命科学的研究设施也在不断发展，故选C。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges. Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science. But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Through time, biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge. Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components, even more importantly, they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors, of immune cells on foreign invaders (入侵者), and of genetic perturbations (基因干扰) on development and aging. (生物学家还必须描述所有这些部分在不同环境和面临各种挑战时是如何相互作用和变化的。能够对病毒或细菌进行成像在基础科学层面上是很好的。但了解病毒如何进入细胞并传播、感染和致残确实可以挽救生命。随着时间的推移，生物学已经上升到这个机械的挑战。生命科学工具不仅可以生成细胞成分的图像，更重要的是，它们可以帮助预测药物对受体的影响，免疫细胞对外来入侵者的影响，以及基因扰动对发育和衰老的影响。)”可推测生物学家的工作是很实用的，故选A。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that science’s inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, more urgent. (我的目的是庆祝这些成就，同时认识到科学对细节和洞察力的内在探索同样令人印象深刻，在我看来，更加紧迫。)”可知作者认为生命科学要优先发展，故选B。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 With climate change continuing to worsen, our situation is beginning to feel increasingly serious. ____35____ Is it right? Maybe not. Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems. This definition reinforces (强化) the idea that there’s no reason to panic or change our current energy-intensive lifestyle. All society needs to do is look to green technology to work its magic. ____36____ One of the best examples of this optimistic misconception is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an eco-friendly way to get around, electric cars are not the end for the future of transport. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we could be seeing a shortage of by the midcentury. ____37____ Techno-optimism has led many to believe that if everyone just switched to driving electric vehicles, we would be making incredible steps towards sustainability. However, the reality is that the amount of resources and energy needed to produce enough electric vehicles for everyone is not even remotely sustainable. ____38____ Investing in public transportation and moving away from individually owned vehicles. Producing fewer cars. Improving recycling practices of old batteries. The solutions we seek should not be rooted in new technology, but be about changing the way our society functions. Techno-optimism puts too much emphasis on technology and not enough on what we can do right this minute. Unfortunately, people seem to like the picture that techno-optimism paints. ____39____ It is important to understand that the problem begins when we see those technologies as a way to make our current lifestyles eco-friendly. Until we are ready to face the need for a less complex life, we cannot make true progress towards sustainability. A. So where should we look for answers instead? B. The modern world’s simple solution is technology. C. Moreover, they are more energy intensive to produce. D. Is it a trap that many people have fallen into in recent years? E. Unfortunately, this is an incredibly dangerous opinion to hold. F. Despite any technology, we as a whole are not living sustainably. G. Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in our lifestyles. 【答案】35. B 36. E 37. C 38. A 39. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出“技术乐观主义”试图用技术解决当前的气候问题，作者用电动汽车的例子来证明这种想法似乎是没用的。改变我们的社会运作方式，以及人们的生活方式才是解决问题的关键所在。 【35题详解】 根据上文“With climate change continuing to worsen, our situation is beginning to feel increasingly serious.(随着气候变化的持续恶化，我们的情况开始变得越来越严重)”可知，气候问题持续恶化，人类的情况开始变得越来越严重。由此推知，人类可能会采取解决气候问题的办法。结合下文“Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems.(当谈到确保我们未来的解决方案时，技术乐观主义是最大的误解之一。它可以被定义为相信未来的技术将解决我们当前的所有问题)”可知，人们试图依靠技术来解决气候问题。B项“The modern world’s simple solution is technology.(现代世界的简单解决方案就是技术)”符合题意。故选B。 【36题详解】 空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems. This definition reinforces (强化) the idea that there’s no reason to panic or change our current energy-intensive lifestyle. All society needs to do is look to green technology to work its magic.(当谈到确保我们未来的解决方案时，技术乐观主义是最大的误解之一。它可以被定义为相信未来的技术将解决我们当前的所有问题。这个定义强化了这样一种观点，即没有理由恐慌或改变我们当前的能源密集型生活方式。社会所需要做的就是期待绿色技术发挥其魔力)”可知，上文提到了“没有理由恐慌或改变我们当前的能源密集型生活方式”这种观点，由此推知，下文应对这种观点进行评价。E项“Unfortunately, this is an incredibly dangerous opinion to hold.(不幸的是，这是一个极其危险的观点)”符合题意。故选E。 【37题详解】 根据上文“One of the best examples of this optimistic misconception is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an eco-friendly way to get around, electric cars are not the end for the future of transport. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we could be seeing a shortage of by the midcentury.(电动汽车就是这种乐观误解的最好例子之一。尽管电动汽车被高度认为是一种环保的出行方式，但它并不是未来交通的终点。电动汽车中的电池使用的化学元素到本世纪中叶可能会出现短缺)”可知，上文提到了电动汽车的弊端。结合本段主要谈论“乐观误解”推知，空处应继续对电动汽车的弊端进行陈述。C项“Moreover, they are more energy intensive to produce.(此外，它们的生产更耗能)”符合题意。故选C。 【38题详解】 空处位于段首，应为本段主旨句或引出本段内容。根据下文“Investing in public transportation and moving away from individually owned vehicles. Producing fewer cars, Improving recycling practices of old batteries. The solutions we seek should not be rooted in new technology, but be about changing the way our society functions.(投资公共交通，远离个人拥有的车辆。生产更少的汽车，改善旧电池的回收利用做法。我们寻求的解决方案不应该植根于新技术，而应该改变我们社会的运作方式)”可知，作者认为我们应该改变社会的运作方式，这才是解决气候问题的办法。A项“So where should we look for answers instead?(那么，我们应该在哪里寻找答案呢？)”符合题意，引出本段内容，下文是对该问题的回答。故选A。 【39题详解】 根据上文“Techno-optimism puts too much emphasis on technology and not enough on what we can do right this minute. Unfortunately, people seem to like the picture that techno-optimism paints.(技术乐观主义过于强调技术，而对我们现在能做的事情却不够重视。不幸的是，人们似乎喜欢技术乐观主义所描绘的画面)”和下文“It is important to understand that the problem begins when we see those technologies as a way to make our current lifestyles eco-friendly. (重要的是要理解，当我们将这些技术视为使我们当前的生活方式环保的一种方式时，问题就开始了)”可知，人们似乎更喜欢依靠技术解决问题，当我们把技术视为当前的环保生活方式时，问题就开始了。由此可知，要解决气候问题，不能只依靠技术，关键是要从很大程度上改变我们的生活方式。G项“Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in our lifestyles.(然而，事实是，我们需要广泛改变我们的生活方式)”符合题意。故选G。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 As a novice teacher at a kindergarten, I spent a lot of time observing the interaction between experienced teachers and their students. Oftentimes when kids fall, they don’t start crying immediately. Usually kids will be OK until they lock eyes with an adult: one that they trust and know can do something for them. When I noticed this, I so wanted it to happen to me, because that meant I had earned a kid’s trust and had proven that I was able to help them with anything. One day it finally happened. Hearing a kid yell, “Teacher, Sam fell down.” I rushed out and found Sam, who was looking puzzled. When our eyes locked, his lower lips started trembling and tears welled up in his eyes. He ran towards me and let me give him a big hug. We checked to make sure he wasn’t hurt. It was in that moment that I realized something odd. Sam’s vulnerability and coming to me for help was supposed to give me more power. But strangely, the power,I felt,shifted more to Sam, because he was giving me a privilege: a gift for me to do something for someone. With everything I learned from teaching in the kindergarten, I went to conquer other things in life. Later I landed a job to work extensively with volunteers. I loved the relationship I was building there and the feeling of being asked for help. Over time, I increasingly pressured myself to stay busy and helpful. My self-worth became associated with my performance at work, which brought about one of the lowest moments of my life. Even then, my mind was running at a hyper speed into problem-solving mode and it didn’t even occur to me that I could ask for help. I was surrounded by so many people who cared for me,but I just couldn’t see them. Finally, my good friend had to literally hold me by my shoulders and force me to ask for help. With their ongoing support, I overcame one difficulty after another. I love helping others and I firmly believe others are willing to help me. We all want to be the best self in life: strong, independent and self-reliant,but we don’t always have to be. Let’s start asking for help more often, because helping Sams is a privilege and a gift. 40. Why did the author want the kids to turn to her for help? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What led to one of the author’s lowest moments in life? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The author overcame the difficulties on her own when she was having a tough time. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. From this story, what can you learn about “help”? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Because it meant she had earned a kid’s trust and proven that she was able to help them. 41. Associating her self-worth with her performance at work and pressuring herself to stay busy and helpful. 42. The underlined part is “on her own”. Because the author’s good friend held her by the shoulders and forced her to ask for help, and with their ongoing support, she overcame the difficulties. 43. Help is mutual. We can both offer help to others and receive help from them. We don’t always have to be strong, independent and self-reliant. Learning to ask for help is also a kind of wisdom. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从幼儿园教学中领悟到求助与帮助的意义，经历低谷后学会接受他人帮助，并认识到互相帮助是特权和礼物的故事。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第一段中“Oftentimes when kids fall, they don’t start crying immediately. Usually kids will be OK until they lock eyes with an adult: one that they trust and know can do something for them. When I noticed this, I so wanted it to happen to me, because that meant I had earned a kid’s trust and had proven that I was able to help them with anything. (很多时候，孩子们摔倒了并不会立刻哭起来。通常情况下，孩子们在与他们信任且知道能为他们做点什么的成年人对视之前，都不会有事。当我注意到这一点时，我非常希望这种情况能发生在我身上，因为那就意味着我赢得了一个孩子的信任，并且证明了我能够在任何事情上帮助他们)”可知，作者希望孩子们向她求助是因为这意味着她赢得了孩子的信任，并证明了她能够帮助他们。故答案为：Because it meant she had earned a kid’s trust and proven that she was able to help them. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第四段中“My self-worth became associated with my performance at work, which brought about one of the lowest moments of my life. (我的自我价值开始与我的工作表现联系在一起，这给我带来了人生中最低谷的时刻之一)”以及“Over time, I increasingly pressured myself to stay busy and helpful. (随着时间的推移，我给自己施加的压力越来越大，要让自己保持忙碌和乐于助人)”可知，作者将自我价值与工作表现联系在一起，并给自己施加压力要保持忙碌和乐于助人，这导致了作者人生中的最低谷时刻之一。故答案为：Associating her self-worth with her performance at work and pressuring herself to stay busy and helpful. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第四段中“Finally, my good friend had to literally hold me by my shoulders and force me to ask for help. With their ongoing support, I overcame one difficulty after another. (最后，我的好朋友不得不实实在在地抓住我的肩膀，强迫我去寻求帮助。在他们持续的支持下，我克服了一个又一个困难)”可知，作者的好朋友抓住她的肩膀，强迫她寻求帮助，并在他们持续的支持下，她克服了困难。所以错误的部分是on her own。故答案为：The underlined part is “on her own”. Because the author’s good friend held her by the shoulders and forced her to ask for help, and with their ongoing support, she overcame the difficulties. 【43题详解】 开放性题目，此题要求回答：从这个故事中，你能学到什么关于“帮助”的知识？答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：通读全文，尤其是最后一段“I love helping others and I firmly believe others are willing to help me. We all want to be the best self in life: strong, independent and self-reliant,but we don’t always have to be. Let’s start asking for help more often, because helping Sams is a privilege and a gift. (我喜欢帮助别人，我坚信别人也愿意帮助我。我们都想成为生活中最好的自己:坚强、独立、自力更生，但我们并不总是需要这样。让我们开始更频繁地寻求帮助吧，因为帮助像萨姆这样的人是一种特权和礼物)”以及文章内容可知，帮助是相互的，我们在帮助别人的同时也能从别人那里得到帮助。我们不必总是坚强、独立和自力更生，学会寻求帮助也是一种智慧。故答案为Help is mutual. We can both offer help to others and receive help from them. We don’t always have to be strong, independent and self-reliant. Learning to ask for help is also a kind of wisdom. 第二节：写作（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你得知故宫正在招聘暑期义务英文讲解员，请你给相关部门负责人写一封申请信，内容包括： 1．对该岗位的认识； 2．说明你的优势。 注意：1．词数不少于100； 2．提示：义务讲解员volunteer guide 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir or Madam, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir or Madam, I have learned that English volunteer guides for the Forbidden City are wanted in the summer vacation. I am writing to apply for this position. I enclose a copy of my CV. I’m a Senior 3 student in Hongxing Middle School, and I believe I am qualified for the position. These years, I have been on several exchange programs in America, so I am confident with my communication skills in English. What’s more, as a fan of Chinese ancient history, I am sure my knowledge will prove helpful when I introduce the Forbidden City to foreign guests. I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity. Thank you for your consideration. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】题目要求考生以李华的身份写申请信，说明对故宫英文讲解员岗位的认识及自身优势。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 附上：enclose → attach 合格的：qualified → competent 感激的：grateful → appreciative 自信的：confident → assured 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：These years, I have been on several exchange programs in America, so I am confident with my communication skills in English. 拓展句：Having taken part in several exchange programs in America over the years, I am confident in my English communication skills. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I have learned that English volunteer guides for the Forbidden City are wanted in the summer vacation. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】What’s more, as a fan of Chinese ancient history, I am sure my knowledge will prove helpful when I introduce the Forbidden City to foreign guests. (运用了省略that的宾语从句和when引导的时间状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市陈经纶中学期中考试 高二年级英语学科 （时间：90分钟 满分：100分） 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Bernard, the 82-year-old retired police officer, was heartbroken when he ____1____ his precious medal. His house was broken into last December. The thief took away some jewelry, some cash and his treasured medal given for his 32 years of ____2____ with Liverpool Police Station. He believed the medal was gone forever. Three months later, David, a young volunteer pulled the medal from a river in a “one-in-a-million” catch. The young man was in a litter clean-up programme in Liverpool. He had been using a large magnet (磁铁) to ____3____ metal rubbish out of the river for 30 minutes when he found a small blue metal box. “I would have never found the medal if we hadn’t ____4____ all the rubbish in the river first,” said David. “At first, we found old bits of shopping carts and other metal items but about half an hour later, I pulled out the ____5____ , and it’s got ‘Police Long Service Medal’ written on it, It really was like finding a needle in a haystack (干草堆).” ____6____ , the medal was carved with Bernard’s name and the medal number, which David used to ____7____ the senior’s phone number online. The retired police officer was ____8____ when he received a call saying the medal had been found in a river, still in its metal box. And when he was told it would be ____9____ to him by the young man who found it, his face lit up. David then planned a visit to meet Bernard and returned the medal to him. “This was truly the best _____10_____ for cleaning up that rubbish... It’s amazing,” David said. 1. A. damaged B. lost C. sold D. dirtied 2. A. business B. communication C. cooperation D. service 3. A. net B. site C. cup D. fish 4. A. tackled B. deserted C. recycled D. buried 5. A. magnet B. rubbish C. box D. jewelry 6. A. Apparently B. Thankfully C. Gradually D. Consequently 7. A. track B. recall C. record D. dial 8. A. nervous B. astonished C. proud D. embarrassed 9. A. awarded B. submitted C. presented D. addressed 10. A. drive B. proof C. wish D. reward 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Many common things around the house are very useful. For example, warm water can be used for cleaning. When salt is put ____11____ warm water, it can help ease a sore throat. Warm water can also be used to make an orange taste better. The secret is the warmth of the water. The fruit becomes sweeter, ____12____ the warm water lowers its level of sourness. Another example is ____13____ you can try a banana peel when your shoes look dirty. The tannin in the peel works like magic, making your shoes shiny and bright! B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Not all inventions have been the result of a ____14____ (care) plan. In the 1940s, an American scientist, Percy Spencer, was trying to make a machine, with the hope that it ____15____ (use) radio waves to detect warplanes. One day, after the experiment, Spencer found that a chocolate bar in his pocket had melted. Spencer then placed some corn in front of the machine. Soon, the corn was popping everywhere. Thus, the microwave oven (微波炉) ____16____ (invent) by chance． C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A group of large white birds with black faces appear in the sky. There are only about six hundred of them ____17____ (leave) in the world. These beautiful black-faced spoonbills are some of the world’s ____18____ (rare) birds. The birds have flown all the way from their summer home to this wetland, ____19____ they will spend the winter. Now, they circle and land. Many people are crowding by the lake and then begin to shoot them. Is this the end for the spoonbills? No. The people are bird-watchers, ____20____ (shoot) photographs. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Every year, young, talented, and ambitious nature conservationists from all over the world participate in the presentation of the Future For Nature (FFN) Award, an honorable international award. The Future For Nature aims to: • Reward and fund individuals for their outstanding efforts in the protection of species of wildlife. • Encourage winners to sustain their dedicated work. ·• Help winners to raise their profiles, extend their professional network and strengthen their funding basis. Benefits • The winners each receive 50,000 euros and may make their own decision to spend the money in the service of nature conservation. • FFN offers the winners a platform and brings their stories to the attention of conservationists, financiers and a wide audience, allowing them to increase their impact and gain more access to funds. • FFN is building a growing family of winners, dedicated people who form a community of people with the same interest. FFN offers them the opportunity to meet each other and continue to learn with each other in order to continue their fight for nature as efficiently and effectively as possible. Qualifications The candidate (候选人): • Must be born on or after the 31st May 1988 and before the 28th of August 2005. • Is able to explain his/her conservation work in fluent English (written and spoken) • Has achieved substantial and long-term benefits to the conservation status of one or more animal or plant species. • Must be determined to continue his/her conservation work, as the Award aims to stimulate the winner’s future work. It is not an “end of career” prize. Additional Remarks For the 2024 Future For Future Awards, we are again searching for natural leaders, who have proven that they can make a difference in species’ survival. From all applications, 6 to 10 nominees (被提名者) will be selected. These applicants will be asked to provide additional information, which will be used to select the final Awardees. Ultimately, three inspiring wildlife heroes are selected as the winners. Application Process: Apply online through the Apply Now link. Application Deadline: 28th August, 2023 21. Which is one of the aims of the Future For Nature? A. To aid more green groups B. To fund academic education. C. To inspire conservation efforts. D. To raise environmental awareness. 22. The winners will get the chance to _______. A. consult top specialists B. meet those who are of the same ambition C. benefit the local community D. promote self-created platforms 23. To apply for the 2024 Future For Nature Awards, candidates must ________. A. meet the age requirement B. apply via mail by the deadline C. turn in the application in English D. provide additional personal information B I wrestled her to the ground for the keys, literally. Indeed, when she opened the door to leave the house at 11 pm for the movies despite my words, I actually wrestled my 16-year-old daughter to the ground. I did not know how to deal with a rebellious (叛逆的) teenager. We are a family of strong wills, from the top down. All my kids had pushed and argued. Everyone “kind of” followed the rules. As they got older, especially when they hit high school, I saw the power shifting, but it hadn’t been so obvious. I had not seen much in-your-face rebellion. Until this happened. I called Amy Speidel, a wise and practical parenting expert. She stayed on the phone with me and listened to my wild complaint about my disrespectful kid. She listened for almost two hours and then gave me some suggestions. Amy told me that my daughter’s behavior was “developmentally appropriate”-she was supposed to test the boundaries. Amy also said that it was great that my daughter would be able to stand up for herself in a relationship that wasn’t working. Those comments really made me feel awful. I hadn’t considered anything positive about her behavior — but outside of our mother-daughter relationship, I would never want to devalue my daughter’s strong will. After talking with Amy, I realized that I was the one who needed help understanding discipline vs control. Honestly, I did hate that the responsibility was on me. I wanted permission to scream and punish. But I listened to Amy and here’s what I learned. 1. My daughter’s behavior was normal. That eased my fears that I had raised a terrible human and failed as a mother. 2. My daughter’s strong personality was a strength. That revelation was a huge gift. I value her qualities but don’t want them used against me. I will soften my response and listen to her. 3. I went crazy. In fact, I crossed a line. And that happens. But I learned to apologize and reset so that we could move forward. My job, therefore, is to learn new responses that offer my daughter options and realistic consequences, not empty threats. And hopefully, this will change my relationship with my daughter. 24. What is the actual reason the author had a fight with her daughter? A. The daughter wouldn’t give her the keys. B. The daughter didn’t come back until 11 pm. C. The daughter insisted on going out late at night. D. The daughter wanted to go to the movies with friends. 25. The comments made the author feel “awful” because_______. A. she had helped her daughter to test boundaries B. she didn’t treasure the mother-daughter relationship C. she thought Amy was criticizing her daughter’s upbringing D. she hadn’t noticed the desirable aspects of her daughter’s behavior 26. After the phone call, the author learned that ______. A. her daughter’s strong character should be softened B. she should constructively deal with conflict C. her daughter should control her behavior D. she should admit her failure as a mother 27. According to Amy, what should the author say if the same situation happens again? A. “Do you really think you can just walk out the door like that?” B. “It’s not safe to be out so late. What about tomorrow afternoon?” C. “It doesn’t matter whether you go out or not. I will support you.” D. “You have been disrespectful and can’t go out tonight. Is that clear?” C Laughing together is an important way for people to connect and bond. And though the causes of laughter can vary widely across individuals and groups, the sound of a laugh is usually recognizable between people belonging to different cultures. But what about animals? Do they “laugh”? And are the causes of animal and human laughter alike? In humans, people may laugh when they hear a joke, or when they see something that they think is funny, though it’s unknown if animals’ intelligence includes what humans would call a sense of humor. However, many animals produce sounds during play that are unique to that pleasant social interaction. Researchers consider such vocalizations to be similar to human laughter. Recently, scientists investigated play vocalization to see how common it was among animals. The team identified 65 species that “laughed” while playing — most were mammals (哺乳动物), but a few bird species demonstrated playful laughter too. Reports of playful laughter were notably absent in studies describing fish, perhaps because there is some question as to whether or not play exists at all in that animal group. This new study could help scientists to analyze the origins of human laughter. But how can we identify play? Unlike fighting, play is usually repetitive and happens independently of other social behaviors, said lead study author Sasha Winkler, a doctor of biological anthropology at the University of California. When it comes to identifying it, “you know it when you see it,” Winkler told Live Science. One sign is that primates — our closest relatives — have a “play face” that is similar to the expressions of humans who are playing. When Winkler previously worked with rhesus macaques, she had noticed that the monkeys panted (喘气) quietly while playing. Many other primates are also known to vocalize during play, she said, so a hypothesis (laughter in humans is thought to have originated during play) supported by the play-related panting laughter of many primate species was put forward. People now still laugh during play, but we also integrate laughter into language and non-play behaviors, using laughter in diverse ways to express a range of emotions that may be positive or negative. Human laughter notably differs from other animals’ laughter in another important way: its volume. People broadcast their laughter loudly, often as a way of establishing inclusion. By comparison, when most animals laugh, the sound is very quiet — just loud enough to be heard by the laugher’s partner. “It’s really fascinating that so many animals have a similar function of vocalization during play,” Winkler told Live Science. “But we do have these unique parts of human laughter that are also an important area for future study." 28. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain causes of animal and human laughter. B. To assess complexities regarding animal laughter. C. To present findings on the existence of animal laughter. D. To analyze differences between animal and human laughter. 29. What can we learn from this passage? A. Animal laughter is even noticeable in fish. B. Animal laughter is hard to recognize during play. C. People have learned to combine play with laughter. D. People laugh loudly because they want to involve others. 30. What is probably the focus of future study on laughter? A. Distinctive features of human laughter. B. Different functions of animal laughter. C. The origin and development of human laughter. D. The relationship between animal laughter and intelligence. D Arguably, the biggest science development of the year to date has been the images of the very depths of the universe taken by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Those images beg a comparison between the external and internal universes that science is bent on observing and understanding. Decades ago, astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said, “The universe is also within. We’re made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself. ” He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space. There are many similarities between the progress we’ve made in understanding the universe and in piecing together life’s inner workings. Like the technological developments that took us from Galileo’s telescope to the Hubble to the JWST, life science tools have also improved rapidly. From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones, these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biology’s infinitesimal (无限小的) landscape. Learning that living things were composed of cells was, not a terribly long time ago, a revolutionary observation. Since then, scientists have been able to dive ever deeper into the components of life. Going beyond merely observing the complicated makeup of organisms, life scientists can now discover the workings of molecules (分子). And that is where scanning the universe differs from peering into biology. Understanding the universe, especially from a functional standpoint, is not necessarily an immediate urgency. Understanding biology on that level is. Simply observing the amazing internal structure of cells is not enough. Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges. Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science. But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Through time, biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge. Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components, even more importantly, they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors, of immune cells on foreign invaders (入侵者), and of genetic perturbations (基因干扰) on development and aging. This is not to belittle the work of scientists researching into universe. They should rightly be praised for delivering views of impossibly distant, impossibly massive phenomena. My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that science’s inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, more urgent. The output of both the outward and inward explorations should stimulate wonder in everyone. After all, it’s all star-stuff. 31. Why does the author quote Carl Sagan’s comment in Paragraph 2? A. To introduce the background. B. To prove an assumption. C. To make a comparison. D. To present an idea. 32. Like the study of the universe, life science has been advancing in ________. A. study approaches B. system management C. research facilities D. technology integration 33. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that biologists’ work is ________. A. practical B. risky C. flexible D. popular 34. As for life science, which would the author agree with? A. It has received universal recognition. B. It should enjoy priority in development. C. It can be applied in the majority of areas. D. It is more complicated than space science. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 With climate change continuing to worsen, our situation is beginning to feel increasingly serious. ____35____ Is it right? Maybe not. Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems. This definition reinforces (强化) the idea that there’s no reason to panic or change our current energy-intensive lifestyle. All society needs to do is look to green technology to work its magic. ____36____ One of the best examples of this optimistic misconception is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an eco-friendly way to get around, electric cars are not the end for the future of transport. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we could be seeing a shortage of by the midcentury. ____37____ Techno-optimism has led many to believe that if everyone just switched to driving electric vehicles, we would be making incredible steps towards sustainability. However, the reality is that the amount of resources and energy needed to produce enough electric vehicles for everyone is not even remotely sustainable. ____38____ Investing in public transportation and moving away from individually owned vehicles. Producing fewer cars. Improving recycling practices of old batteries. The solutions we seek should not be rooted in new technology, but be about changing the way our society functions. Techno-optimism puts too much emphasis on technology and not enough on what we can do right this minute. Unfortunately, people seem to like the picture that techno-optimism paints. ____39____ It is important to understand that the problem begins when we see those technologies as a way to make our current lifestyles eco-friendly. Until we are ready to face the need for a less complex life, we cannot make true progress towards sustainability. A. So where should we look for answers instead? B. The modern world’s simple solution is technology. C. Moreover, they are more energy intensive to produce. D. Is it a trap that many people have fallen into in recent years? E. Unfortunately, this is an incredibly dangerous opinion to hold. F. Despite any technology, we as a whole are not living sustainably. G. Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in our lifestyles. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 As a novice teacher at a kindergarten, I spent a lot of time observing the interaction between experienced teachers and their students. Oftentimes when kids fall, they don’t start crying immediately. Usually kids will be OK until they lock eyes with an adult: one that they trust and know can do something for them. When I noticed this, I so wanted it to happen to me, because that meant I had earned a kid’s trust and had proven that I was able to help them with anything. One day it finally happened. Hearing a kid yell, “Teacher, Sam fell down.” I rushed out and found Sam, who was looking puzzled. When our eyes locked, his lower lips started trembling and tears welled up in his eyes. He ran towards me and let me give him a big hug. We checked to make sure he wasn’t hurt. It was in that moment that I realized something odd. Sam’s vulnerability and coming to me for help was supposed to give me more power. But strangely, the power,I felt,shifted more to Sam, because he was giving me a privilege: a gift for me to do something for someone. With everything I learned from teaching in the kindergarten, I went to conquer other things in life. Later I landed a job to work extensively with volunteers. I loved the relationship I was building there and the feeling of being asked for help. Over time, I increasingly pressured myself to stay busy and helpful. My self-worth became associated with my performance at work, which brought about one of the lowest moments of my life. Even then, my mind was running at a hyper speed into problem-solving mode and it didn’t even occur to me that I could ask for help. I was surrounded by so many people who cared for me,but I just couldn’t see them. Finally, my good friend had to literally hold me by my shoulders and force me to ask for help. With their ongoing support, I overcame one difficulty after another. I love helping others and I firmly believe others are willing to help me. We all want to be the best self in life: strong, independent and self-reliant,but we don’t always have to be. Let’s start asking for help more often, because helping Sams is a privilege and a gift. 40. Why did the author want the kids to turn to her for help? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What led to one of the author’s lowest moments in life? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The author overcame the difficulties on her own when she was having a tough time. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. From this story, what can you learn about “help”? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节：写作（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你得知故宫正在招聘暑期义务英文讲解员，请你给相关部门负责人写一封申请信，内容包括： 1．对该岗位的认识； 2．说明你的优势。 注意：1．词数不少于100； 2．提示：义务讲解员volunteer guide 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir or Madam, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $