期末复习知识清单 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

期末复习知识清单（可直接打印） · 目录 · Unit 1 Time to Relax · Unit 2 Stay Healthy · Unit 3 Growing Up · Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature · Unit 5 Nature's Temper · Unit 6 Crossing Cultures · Unit 7 A Good Read · Unit 8 Making a Difference Unit 1 Time to Relax 一、重点单词 单词 词性 汉语释义 变形/搭配 relax v. 放松 relaxation (n.), relaxed (adj.), relaxing (adj.) hobby n. 爱好 hobbies (pl.) paint v./n. 绘画；颜料 painter (n.), painting (n.) guitar n. 吉他 play the guitar calligraphy n. 书法 — stress n. 压力 stressful (adj.), stressed (adj.) failure n. 失败 fail (v.) achievement n. 成就 achieve (v.) inspiration n. 灵感 inspire (v.) perform v. 表演 performance (n.), performer (n.) pressure n. 压力 — creative adj. 有创造力的 creativity (n.), create (v.) balance n./v. 平衡 — screen n. 屏幕 screen time strain n. 劳损 eye strain loneliness n. 孤独 lonely (adj.) 二、重点短语 短语 汉语释义 in one's free time 在某人的空闲时间 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 give up 放弃 get over 克服 start doing sth. 开始做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 a great way to do sth. 做某事的好方法 spend time doing sth. 花时间做某事 find it + adj. + to do sth. 发现做某事…… allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 teach sb. how to do sth. 教某人如何做某事 be up to 正在做某事 a sense of achievement 成就感 as long as 只要 all work and no play 只工作不玩耍 三、重点句型 句型 汉语释义 I like to play the guitar to relax. 我喜欢弹吉他来放松。 My father encourages me to try new things. 我爸爸鼓励我尝试新事物。 I paint to express my feelings. 我画画是为了表达我的感受。 The instructor told me not to give up so easily. 教练告诉我不要轻易放弃。 It's important to make time for hobbies. 为爱好腾出时间很重要。 I find it fun to make mobile phone apps. 我发现制作手机应用程序很有趣。 Hobbies can help us (to) reduce stress. 爱好可以帮助我们减轻压力。 What are you up to? 你在做什么？ 四、核心语法：动词不定式（to do） 1. 动词不定式作宾语 某些动词后常用不定式作宾语：want, decide, hope, learn, begin, start, agree, choose, plan, promise, refuse, offer 等。 例句： I decided to learn calligraphy. 2. 动词不定式作目的状语 表示做某事的目的。 例句： I paint to express my feelings. 3. 动词不定式作宾语补足语 结构：动词 + sb. + to do sth. 常见动词：tell, ask, want, allow, encourage, teach, advise 例句： My father encourages me to try new things. 4. 动词不定式的否定形式：not to do 例句： The instructor told me not to give up. · 5. 省略 to 的情况 · 使役动词 let / make / have：Let me help you. · · 感官动词 see / hear / watch / feel：I saw her paint. · help 后可带 to 也可不带：He helped me (to) clean. 6. 与疑问词连用：疑问词 + to do 例句： Can you teach me how to write a poem? 7. 不定式作主语：It + be + adj. + (for sb.) + to do sth. 例句： It is important to make time for hobbies. 五、例题解析 例题1： My father encourages me ______ new things. A. try B. to try C. trying D. to trying 解析： encourage sb. to do sth. 故选 B。 例题2： I paint ______ my feelings. A. express B. to express C. expressing D. expressed 解析： 不定式作目的状语。故选 B。 例题3： The instructor told me ______ give up so easily. A. to not B. not to C. don't D. doesn't 解析： tell sb. not to do sth. 故选 B。 六、写作范文 My Favorite Hobby My favorite hobby is playing the guitar. I started playing it two years ago because I wanted to relax after school. My father encouraged me to learn, and he bought me a guitar. At first, it was difficult, but I didn't give up. Now I can play many songs. Playing the guitar helps me reduce stress and express my feelings. I think everyone should have a hobby. 中文翻译： 我最喜欢的爱好是弹吉他。我两年前开始弹吉他，因为我想放学后放松一下。我爸爸鼓励我学习，他给我买了一把吉他。起初很难，但我没有放弃。现在我会弹很多歌曲。弹吉他帮助我减轻压力，表达我的感受。我认为每个人都应该有一个爱好。 Unit 2 Stay Healthy 一、重点单词 单词 词性 汉语释义 变形/搭配 stomachache n. 胃痛 have a stomachache toothache n. 牙痛 have a toothache fever n. 发烧 have a fever cough n./v. 咳嗽 have a cough pain n. 疼痛 painful (adj.) injury n. 受伤 injure (v.), injured (adj.) bleed v. 流血 bleeding (n./adj.), blood (n.) allergy n. 过敏 allergic (adj.) medicine n. 药 medical (adj.) temperature n. 温度 take one's temperature mask n. 口罩 wear a mask X-ray n. X光 get an X-ray ingredient n. 成分 — emergency n. 紧急情况 — first aid n. 急救 — 二、重点短语 短语 汉语释义 have a stomachache / toothache / fever 胃痛/牙痛/发烧 see a dentist 看牙医 too much + 不可数名词 太多…… too many + 可数名词复数 太多…… by oneself 独自 put some ice on it 在上面敷些冰 press down on 按压 be careful with 小心 take one's temperature 量体温 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 take good care of yourself 好好照顾自己 first aid 急救 be allergic to 对……过敏 get an X-ray 拍X光 三、重点句型 句型 汉语释义 What's the matter with you? 你怎么了？ You should see a dentist. 你应该去看牙医。 I ate too much ice cream. 我吃了太多冰淇淋。 Be careful with the knife. 小心刀。 Don't hurt yourself. 不要伤到你自己。 You should drink some water with honey. 你应该喝些蜂蜜水。 If you get a nosebleed, press down on your nose. 如果你流鼻血，按压你的鼻子。 Let me take your temperature. 让我量一下你的体温。 It stops us from passing the flu virus. 它可以阻止我们传播流感病毒。 Your health is in your hands. 你的健康掌握在自己手中。 四、核心语法：情态动词 should / shouldn't 与反身代词 · 一、情态动词 should / shouldn't · should 意为“应该”，表示建议、劝告。 · · shouldn't 是 should not 的缩写，意为“不应该”。 · 结构： · 肯定句：主语 + should + 动词原形 · · 否定句：主语 + shouldn't + 动词原形 · · 一般疑问句：Should + 主语 + 动词原形？ · 例句： · You should see a dentist. · You shouldn't eat too much candy. 二、反身代词 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves · 常见用法： · 作宾语：Don't hurt yourself. · 作同位语：I myself did it. · by oneself = alone · enjoy oneself = have a good time · teach oneself = learn by oneself 五、例题解析 例题1： I ate ______ ice cream and now I have a stomachache. A. too many B. too much C. much too D. many too 解析： ice cream 不可数，用 too much。故选 B。 例题2： Don't hurt ______. A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself 解析： 反身代词 yourself。故选 D。 例题3： You ______ see a dentist because you have a toothache. A. could B. may C. should D. would 解析： 表示建议用 should。故选 C。 六、写作范文 How to Stay Healthy Good health is very important for everyone. Here is some advice on how to stay healthy. First, we should have healthy eating habits. We should eat more vegetables and fruit, and we shouldn't eat too much junk food. Second, we should exercise regularly. Running, swimming and playing ball games are all good for us. Third, we should get enough sleep and rest. Finally, we should see a doctor when we don't feel well. If we take good care of ourselves, we can stay healthy and happy. 中文翻译： 如何保持健康 良好的健康对每个人都很重要。以下是一些关于如何保持健康的建议。 首先，我们应该有健康的饮食习惯。我们应该多吃蔬菜和水果，不应该吃太多垃圾食品。其次，我们应该定期锻炼。跑步、游泳和打球都对我们有好处。第三，我们应该有充足的睡眠和休息。最后，当我们感觉不舒服时，应该去看医生。 如果我们好好照顾自己，我们就能保持健康和快乐。 Unit 3 Growing Up 一、重点单词 单词 词性 汉语释义 变形/搭配 argue v. 争吵 argument (n.) upset adj. 难过的 — forgive v. 原谅 forgave (pt.), forgiven (pp.) compare v. 比较 comparison (n.) grade n. 成绩 — respect v./n. 尊重 respectful (adj.) pride n. 自豪 proud (adj.) shock n./v. 震惊 shocked (adj.), shocking (adj.) stress n. 压力 stressful (adj.) trust v./n. 信任 trustworthy (adj.) remain v. 保持；留下 — share v. 分享 — 二、重点短语 短语 汉语释义 get into a fight 打架；争吵 say sorry to sb. 向某人道歉 on purpose 故意地 put yourself in one's shoes 站在某人的角度想 clear the air 消除误会 compare A with B 把A和B相比较 look on the bright side 看到积极的一面 be too hard on yourself 对自己太苛刻 learn from mistakes 从错误中学习 work together as a team 团队合作 a sense of belonging 归属感 fight the feeling of loneliness 对抗孤独感 shut yourself away 把自己封闭起来 double your joy 使快乐加倍 cut problems in half 使问题减半 三、重点句型 句型 汉语释义 Although you argued, you are still close friends. 虽然你们吵过架，但你们仍然是亲密的朋友。 You won't know how he feels until you talk to him. 直到你和他谈谈，你才会知道他的感受。 You can write to your parents so that they'll know how you feel. 你可以给父母写信，这样他们就会知道你的感受。 If you did something wrong, you should say sorry. 如果你做错了什么，你应该道歉。 I never liked science until I took Mrs Thompson's class. 直到上了汤普森夫人的课，我才喜欢上科学。 Don't be too hard on yourself. 别对自己太苛刻。 Talk to your loved ones so that you can double your joy. 和你爱的人谈谈，这样你可以把快乐加倍。 四、核心语法：连词 (although, until, so that, if, unless) 连词 含义 引导从句类型 although 虽然 让步状语从句 until 直到……才 时间状语从句 so that 为了 目的状语从句 if 如果 条件状语从句 unless 除非 条件状语从句 注意： although 不能和 but 同时使用。 · 例句： · Although you argued, you are still friends. · You won't know until you talk to him. · Talk to her so that she can understand. · If you did wrong, say sorry. · You won't understand unless you try. 五、例题解析 例题1： ______ you argued, you are still very close friends. A. Although B. Because C. If D. Until 解析： 表示让步关系。故选 A。 例题2： You won't know how he feels ______ you talk to him. A. so that B. although C. until D. if 解析： not...until 结构。故选 C。 例题3： You can write to your parents ______ they'll know how you feel. A. so that B. although C. until D. because 解析： 表示目的。故选 A。 六、写作范文 An Argument with My Best Friend Last week, I had an argument with my best friend, Tom. He borrowed my favourite book, but when he returned it, there was a big mark on it. I was very upset and said some hurtful words. He didn't say sorry, so I became even angrier. Later, I realized that it was just an accident. Although he was careless, I shouldn't have shouted at him. So I decided to talk to him. I said sorry first, and he also said sorry to me. We forgave each other and became friends again. From this experience, I learned that although friends may hurt each other sometimes, we should learn to forgive. After all, good friends are hard to find. 中文翻译： 与最好朋友的争吵 上周，我和我最好的朋友汤姆吵了一架。他借了我最喜欢的书，但还回来的时候上面有一个很大的印记。我非常难过，说了一些伤人的话。他没有道歉，所以我更生气了。 后来我意识到那只是个意外。虽然他很粗心，但我不应该对他大喊大叫。于是我决定和他谈谈。我先道了歉，他也向我道了歉。我们互相原谅，又成为了朋友。 从这次经历中，我学到虽然朋友之间有时会互相伤害，但我们应该学会原谅。毕竟，好朋友难找。 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 一、重点单词 单词 词性 汉语释义 变形/搭配 wonder n./v. 奇迹；想知道 wonderful (adj.), wonderfully (adv.) desert n. 沙漠 — trench n. 海沟 — deep adj. 深的 deeply (adv.), depth (n.) high adj. 高的 height (n.) long adj. 长的 length (n.) below prep. 在……下面 — above prep. 在……上面 — surface n. 表面 — blind adj. 盲的 blindness (n.) research n./v. 研究 researcher (n.) rubbish n. 垃圾 — civilization n. 文明 civilize (v.) measure v. 测量 measurement (n.) survive v. 生存 survival (n.), survivor (n.) curiosity n. 好奇心 curious (adj.) ambition n. 雄心 ambitious (adj.) 二、重点短语 短语 汉语释义 in size 在面积上 below sea level 在海平面以下 one of the greatest wonders 最伟大的奇迹之一 dive deep into the sea 潜入深海 create one's own light 自己发光 do something about it 对此采取行动 at all costs 不惜一切代价 deal with thin air 应对稀薄的空气 be determined to do 决心做某事 bit by bit 一点一点地 risk one's life 冒生命危险 human curiosity and ambition 人类的好奇心和雄心 cover an area of... 占地……面积 take up an area 占据面积 三、重点句型 句型 汉语释义 Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. 珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。 The Sahara Desert is about 9,000,000 square kilometres in size. 撒哈拉沙漠面积约900万平方公里。 The Dead Sea is 416 metres below sea level. 死海位于海平面以下416米。 The Mariana Trench is about 11,000 metres deep. 马里亚纳海沟约11000米深。 The Yangtze River travels farthest in China. 长江在中国流经距离最长。 Some deep-sea animals are blind, but they can "see" as well as others. 一些深海动物是盲的，但它们能和其他动物一样“看见”。 Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world. 珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一。 We should protect them at all costs. 我们应该不惜一切代价保护它们。 四、核心语法：形容词和副词的比较级与最高级 一、规则变化 情况 变化规则 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词 加 -er / -est tall taller tallest 以 e 结尾 加 -r / -st wide wider widest 辅音+y 结尾 改 y 为 i 加 -er / -est heavy heavier heaviest 重读闭音节结尾 双写末尾字母加 -er / -est big bigger biggest 二、不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good / well better best bad / badly worse worst many / much more most little less least far farther / further farthest / furthest old older / elder oldest / eldest 三、基本句型 · 原级： · as + 原级 + as （和……一样） · · not as/so + 原级 + as （不如……） · 比较级： · 比较级 + than （比……） · much / even / a little + 比较级 （……得多） · 比较级 + and + 比较级 （越来越……） · the + 比较级，the + 比较级 （越……，越……） · 最高级： · the + 最高级 + of/in + 范围 （在……中最……） · one of the + 最高级 + 可数名词复数 （最……之一） 四、副词比较级和最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 fast faster fastest deep deeper deepest far farther/further farthest/furthest well better best 例句： The Yangtze River travels farthest in China. 五、例题解析 例题1： Mount Qomolangma is ______ mountain in the world. A. high B. higher C. highest D. the highest 解析： 三者以上范围用最高级，加 the。故选 D。 例题2： The Yangtze River travels ______ in China. A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the farthest 解析： 副词最高级。故选 C。 例题3： The Nile is ______ than the Yangtze River. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 解析： 两者比较用比较级。故选 B。 六、写作范文 The Most Amazing Place I Have Learned About Among all the natural wonders I have learned about, the Mariana Trench is the most amazing to me. It is the deepest place on Earth, about 11,000 metres deep. That is deeper than Mount Qomolangma is high. The deep sea is very dark and cold, with huge pressure. However, many strange animals live there. Some are blind, but they can "see" using other senses. Some can even create their own light. I am amazed by the mystery of the deep sea. It makes me want to learn more about our planet. One day, I hope to become a scientist and help explore these unknown places. 中文翻译： 我所了解的最神奇的地方 在我了解过的所有自然奇观中，马里亚纳海沟对我来说是最神奇的。它是地球上最深的地方，深约11000米。这比珠穆朗玛峰的高度还要大。 深海非常黑暗和寒冷，水压巨大。然而，许多奇特的动物生活在那里。有些是盲的，但它们能通过其他感官“看见”。有些甚至能自己发光。 深海的奥秘让我惊叹。它让我想更多地了解我们的星球。有一天，我希望成为一名科学家，帮助探索这些未知的地方。 Unit 5 Nature's Temper 一、重点单词 单词 词性 汉语释义 变形/搭配 flood n./v. 洪水；淹没 — earthquake n. 地震 — typhoon n. 台风 — tornado n. 龙卷风 — tsunami n. 海啸 — snowstorm n. 暴风雪 — heatwave n. 热浪 — warn v. 警告 warning (n.) scared adj. 害怕的 scary (adj.) mess n. 混乱；脏乱 messy (adj.) clean-up n. 清理 — survive v. 生存 survival (n.) panic n./v. 恐慌 — safety n. 安全 safe (adj.) rescue n./v. 救援 rescuer (n.) wildfire n. 野火 — 二、重点短语 短语 汉语释义 warn sb. about sth. 警告某人某事 take sb. by surprise 使某人吃惊 all of a sudden 突然 at the time 在那时 have trouble 遇到麻烦 be worried about 担心 slow down 减速；减弱 pay attention to 注意 come off 脱落；离开 be prepared for 为……做好准备 go out 熄灭 safe room 安全屋 jump into action 立刻行动 make it to safety 成功到达安全地带 thanks to 多亏了 the difference between life and death 生与死的区别 三、重点句型 句型 汉语释义 Our neighbour warned us about it in time. 我们的邻居及时提醒了我们。 My family were having dinner when she called. 她打电话时，我家正在吃晚饭。 We didn't notice that the water was rising. 我们没有注意到水正在上涨。 It scared me. 它把我吓坏了。 I was doing my homework when the building shook. 楼房晃动时我正在做作业。 The earthquake took us by surprise too. 地震也让我们措手不及。 I was worried about my grandparents. 我担心我的祖父母。 What were you doing while it was snowing? 下雪的时候你在做什么？ Even our roof nearly came off. 连我们的屋顶都差点掉了。 Do stay inside. 一定要待在室内。 It was worse than we expected. 比我们预想的更糟。 四、核心语法：过去进行时 (Past Continuous Tense) · 一、基本结构 · 肯定句：主语 + was/were + V-ing · 否定句：主语 + was/were + not + V-ing · 疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + V-ing? 二、动词现在分词变化规则 情况 变化规则 原形 现在分词 一般情况 加 -ing read reading 以不发音 e 结尾 去 e 加 -ing write writing 重读闭音节结尾 双写末尾字母加 -ing swim swimming 以 ie 结尾 变 ie 为 y 加 -ing die dying 三、典型用法 1. 表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作 0. At 8 o'clock last night, I was watching TV. 2. 表示过去某一段时间内持续发生的动作 0. I was travelling on the train then. 3. 与一般过去时搭配使用 0. when + 一般过去时（短暂），主句用过去进行时（延续） · I was doing my homework when the building shook. 4. while + 过去进行时（延续），主句用过去进行时 My mother was preparing lunch while I was doing chores. 四、when 与 while 的区别 连词 后面接的时态 动作类型 when 一般过去时 短暂性动作 when 过去进行时 延续性动作 while 过去进行时 延续性动作 五、例题解析 例题1： What were you doing when the building ______? A. shake B. shakes C. shook D. shaking 解析： when 从句用一般过去时。shook 是 shake 的过去式。故选 C。 例题2： I was doing some chores while my mother ______ preparing lunch. A. am B. is C. are D. was 解析： while 从句用过去进行时。故选 D。 例题3： What ______ you doing at the time? A. am B. is C. are D. were 解析： 主语 you 用 were。故选 D。 六、写作范文 A Terrible Storm I Experienced Last summer, a terrible typhoon hit my town. My family and I were having dinner when the strong winds started. The rain was beating against the windows, and the trees outside were shaking violently. Suddenly, a loud noise came from the roof. My mother was scared, and my little sister started crying. We moved our things off the floor and stayed in the living room. Although we were worried, we stayed calm and waited. After about two hours, the typhoon slowed down and passed. When we went outside, we saw fallen trees and rubbish everywhere. Luckily, nobody was hurt. This experience taught me the importance of staying calm during disasters. 中文翻译： 我经历的一场可怕的风暴 去年夏天，一场可怕的台风袭击了我的小镇。强风开始时，我和家人正在吃晚饭。雨水拍打着窗户，外面的树猛烈地摇晃。突然，屋顶传来一声巨响。我妈妈很害怕，我的小妹妹开始哭了起来。 我们把东西从地上搬走，待在客厅里。虽然很担心，但我们保持冷静，等待着。大约两个小时后，台风减弱并过去了。 当我们出去时，到处是倒下的树和垃圾。幸运的是，没有人受伤。这次经历让我明白了在灾难中保持冷静的重要性。 Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 一、重点单词 单词 词性 汉语释义 变形/搭配 bow v./n. 鞠躬 — hug v./n. 拥抱 — kiss v./n. 亲吻 — shake v. 摇动；握手 shook (pt.), shaken (pp.) greeting n. 问候 greet (v.) formal adj. 正式的 informal (反义词) rude adj. 粗鲁的 rudely (adv.), rudeness (n.) embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的 embarrass (v.), embarrassed (adj.) confusing adj. 令人困惑的 confuse (v.), confused (adj.) culture n. 文化 cultural (adj.) shock n./v. 冲击；震惊 — personal space n. 个人空间 — manners n. 礼仪 manner (n.) symbolize v. 象征 symbol (n.) descendants n. 后代 — 二、重点短语 短语 汉语释义 press one's palms together 双手合十 on the cheek 在脸颊上 take off your shoes 脱鞋 as soon as 一……就…… table manners 餐桌礼仪 be patient with 对……有耐心 on time 准时 culture shock 文化冲击 be used to 习惯于 be curious about 对……好奇 in many cultures 在许多文化中 point at 指着 a symbol of power 权力的象征 good luck 好运 be in the red 亏损 long lasting 持久 三、重点句型 句型 汉语释义 In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher. 在日本，我们一见到老师就鞠躬。 Don't look so embarrassed! 别看起来这么尴尬！ It is embarrassing! 这太尴尬了！ In India, people have a special greeting. 在印度，人们有一种特殊的问候方式。 Could you tell me the proper way to use a knife and fork? 你能告诉我正确使用刀叉的方法吗？ If you get confused, watch what everyone else does. 如果你感到困惑，就看别人怎么做。 Enjoy yourself! 玩得开心！ In Japan, take off your shoes as soon as you enter someone's home. 在日本，一进别人家门就要脱鞋。 In China, sticking chopsticks into a bowl of rice is very rude. 在中国，把筷子插进饭碗里是很粗鲁的。 Do you know what culture shock is? 你知道什么是文化冲击吗？ 四、核心语法：so that 与 such that；-ed/-ing 形容词 一、so that 引导目的状语从句 意为“为了，以便”，从句中常含 can, could, may, might 等。 例句： Talk to your loved ones so that you can double your joy. 二、so...that 与 such...that 引导结果状语从句 结构 例句 so + adj./adv. + that The water was so cold that we couldn't swim. such + a/an + adj. + n. + that It was such a cold day that we stayed home. 三、-ed 和 -ing 形容词的区别 结尾 含义 修饰对象 例句 -ing 令人……的 事物 The story is interesting. -ed 感到……的 人 I am interested in the story. -ing (令人……) -ed (感到……) interesting interested exciting excited surprising surprised embarrassing embarrassed confusing confused 五、例题解析 例题1： In the US, we usually just say "hello" or ______ hands. A. shake B. bow C. hug D. kiss 解析： shake hands 意为“握手”。故选 A。 例题2： Don't look so ______! A. embarrass B. embarrassed C. embarrassing D. embarrasses 解析： 修饰人的感受用 -ed 形容词。故选 B。 例题3： It is ______! A. embarrass B. embarrassed C. embarrassing D. embarrasses 解析： 描述事物令人……用 -ing 形容词。故选 C。 六、写作范文 A Cultural Difference That Surprised Me When I first learned about Japanese culture, I was surprised by their greeting custom. In Japan, people bow when they meet someone for the first time. However, in my country, we usually shake hands. At first, I thought bowing was too formal and a little embarrassing. But later, I learned that bowing is a way to show respect in Japan. The deeper the bow, the more respect you show. This experience taught me that different cultures have different customs. What seems strange to us may be normal to others. When we travel or meet people from other countries, we should respect their customs and try to understand them. 中文翻译： 让我惊讶的文化差异 当我第一次了解日本文化时，我对他们的问候习俗感到惊讶。在日本，人们第一次见面时会鞠躬。然而，在我的国家，我们通常握手。 起初，我觉得鞠躬太正式了，还有点尴尬。但后来我了解到，在日本鞠躬是表示尊重的一种方式。鞠躬越深，表示的尊重越多。 这次经历让我明白了不同的文化有不同的习俗。在我们看来奇怪的事情，对别人来说可能是正常的。当我们旅行或遇到来自其他国家的人时，我们应该尊重他们的习俗，并试着去理解。 Unit 7 A Good Read 一、重点单词 单词 词性 汉语释义 变形/搭配 read n./v. 阅读；读物 reader (n.) decide v. 决定 decision (n.) mystery n. 神秘；悬疑 mysterious (adj.) detective n. 侦探 — fiction n. 小说 non-fiction (n.) fantasy n./adj. 幻想；奇幻的 — adventure n. 冒险 adventurous (adj.) alien n. 外星人 — character n. 人物；角色 — chapter n. 章节 — idiom n. 习语；成语 — writer n. 作家 write (v.) force v. 强迫 — punish v. 惩罚 punishment (n.) prove v. 证明 proof (n.) 二、重点短语 短语 汉语释义 decide on 决定 be about 关于 hear of 听说 look forward to 期待 be full of 充满 be forced to do 被迫做 be kind to 对……友善 prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过B be considered as 被认为 be based on 基于 on a journey 在旅途中 work together 合作 prove oneself 证明自己 三、重点句型 句型 汉语释义 Have you decided on a book for your report? 你选好写报告的书了吗？ I've never heard of The Three-Body Problem. 我从未听说过《三体》。 Have you ever read Harry Potter? 你读过《哈利·波特》吗？ I love fantasy novels. 我喜欢奇幻小说。 I've just finished Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. 我刚读完《爱丽丝梦游仙境》。 You should read the book too! 你也应该读这本书！ I've always preferred the book to the movie. 我总是更喜欢书而不是电影。 I've never read a classic novel before. 我以前从未读过经典小说。 Could I borrow it? 我能借一下吗？ 四、核心语法：现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense) · 一、基本结构 · 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 · 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 · 疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 二、过去分词变化规则 · 规则变化： · 一般加 -ed：play → played · 以 e 结尾加 -d：like → liked · 辅音+y 结尾变 y 为 i 加 -ed：study → studied · 不规则变化（常见）： · read → read · write → written · go → gone · see → seen · eat → eaten · buy → bought · hear → heard · choose → chosen 三、常用时间状语 副词 含义 用法 already 已经 肯定句 yet 还；已经 否定句、疑问句 ever 曾经 疑问句 never 从未 否定句 just 刚刚 肯定句 for + 时间段 长达…… 持续动作 since + 时间点 自从…… 持续动作 四、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 时态 强调 时间状语 现在完成时 与现在的联系 already, yet, ever, never, just, for, since 一般过去时 过去的事实 yesterday, last week, in 2018, ago · 对比： · I have lost my key. (现在没有钥匙) I lost my key yesterday. (只说明昨天丢了) 五、例题解析 例题1： Have you decided on a book? Yes, I've ______ The Final Problem. A. pick B. picks C. picked D. picking 解析： have + 过去分词。故选 C。 例题2： I've never ______ of The Three-Body Problem. A. hear B. hears C. heard D. hearing 解析： have + 过去分词。故选 C。 例题3： Have you ever read Harry Potter? Of course! I love ______ novels. A. mystery B. fantasy C. adventure D. romance 解析： Harry Potter 属于 fantasy novels。故选 B。 六、写作范文 My Favourite Book My favourite book is The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. I have read it three times already. The story is about a little prince who travels from planet to planet. On his journey, he meets different people and learns many lessons about life, friendship, and love. He also meets a fox, who teaches him that "what is essential is invisible to the eye." I love this book because it is simple but deep. It makes me think about what really matters in life. Since I first read it, I have become more grateful for the people around me. I have recommended this book to all my friends, and they have all loved it too. 中文翻译： 我最喜欢的书 我最喜欢的书是圣埃克苏佩里写的《小王子》。我已经读过三遍了。 这个故事讲述了一个小王子从一个星球旅行到另一个星球。在旅途中，他遇到了不同的人，学到了许多关于生活、友谊和爱的道理。他还遇到了一只狐狸，狐狸告诉他：“真正重要的东西是眼睛看不见的。” 我喜欢这本书，因为它简单而深刻。它让我思考生活中什么才是真正重要的。自从第一次读到它，我对身边的人更加感恩了。我把这本书推荐给了我所有的朋友，他们也都很喜欢。 Unit 8 Making a Difference 一、重点单词 单词 词性 汉语释义 变形/搭配 volunteer n./v. 志愿者；做志愿 voluntary (adj.) direction n. 方向；指引 direct (v.) donation n. 捐赠 donate (v.) duty n. 责任 — shelter n. 收容所 — elderly adj./n. 年老的；老人 — lonely adj. 孤独的 loneliness (n.) emergency n. 紧急情况 — rescue n./v. 救援 rescuer (n.) aid n. 援助 — teamwork n. 团队合作 — value n./v. 价值；珍视 valuable (adj.) goal n. 目标 — ordinary adj. 普通的 — hero n. 英雄 heroes (pl.) 二、重点短语 短语 汉语释义 make a difference 有影响；发挥作用 give directions 指路 clean up 清理 take care of 照顾 in poor condition 状况不佳 nursing home 养老院 stay active 保持活跃 care for 照顾；关心 sign up 报名 provide aid 提供援助 hand out 分发 be worth the effort 值得付出努力 pocket money 零花钱 the essence of life 生命的本质 三、重点句型 句型 汉语释义 How long have you been a volunteer? 你当志愿者多久了？ I've been a volunteer since last year. 我从去年开始当志愿者。 I clean up the stadium after matches too. 比赛后我也打扫体育场。 I think it's everyone's duty to look after it. 我认为照顾它是每个人的责任。 Have you ever been to our animal shelter? 你去过我们的动物收容所吗？ Because of her, I learnt that every animal is special. 因为她，我明白了每个动物都是特别的。 Some of them are in poor condition and need more care. 它们中一些状况不佳，需要更多照顾。 Many elderly people are very lonely. 许多老人很孤独。 It's fun to volunteer together. 一起做志愿很有趣。 I've never forgotten that day. 我从未忘记那一天。 Working as a volunteer has taught me many practical life-saving skills. 做志愿者教会了我许多实用的救生技能。 Together we can make a difference! 团结起来我们可以改变世界！ 四、核心语法：现在完成时（for / since）+ 动词-ing 形式作宾语 一、for 与 since 的区别 用法 含义 后面接 例句 for 长达…… 时间段 I have been a volunteer for two years. since 自从…… 时间点 I have been a volunteer since 2022. · 常见表达： · for two years / three months / a long time since last year / since August / since I was ten 注意： for 和 since 引导的时间状语，主句动词必须用延续性动词。 二、动词 -ing 形式作宾语 某些动词后只能接动词 -ing 形式作宾语： 动词 例句 enjoy I enjoy volunteering. finish I finished reading. practice I practice playing every day. mind Do you mind opening the window? consider I consider helping others my duty. suggest I suggest going there by bus. avoid You should avoid eating too much. 三、have/has been 与 have/has gone 的区别 结构 含义 例句 have/has been to 去过某地（已回来） I have been to Beijing. have/has gone to 去了某地（未回来） He has gone to Beijing. 五、例题解析 例题1： I've been a volunteer ______ last year. A. for B. since C. in D. on 解析： last year 是时间点，用 since。故选 B。 例题2： I've been a volunteer ______ two years. A. for B. since C. in D. on 解析： two years 是时间段，用 for。故选 A。 例题3： This college student enjoys ______ for the army. A. volunteer B. volunteers C. volunteering D. to volunteer 解析： enjoy 后接动词 -ing 形式。故选 C。 六、写作范文 My Volunteer Experience I have been a volunteer at an animal shelter for six months. I started volunteering because I love animals and want to help them. Every Saturday morning, I go to the shelter. I clean the cages, feed the animals, and take the dogs for walks. Some of the animals are in poor condition when they first arrive. They need more care and love. Seeing them get better and find new homes makes me really happy. This experience has taught me a lot. I have learned that every small act of kindness matters. I have also made many new friends who share the same interest. Being a volunteer is not always easy, but it is worth it. I feel proud to be able to make a difference in the lives of these animals. 中文翻译： 我的志愿经历 我在一家动物收容所做志愿者已经六个月了。我开始做志愿者是因为我热爱动物，想帮助它们。 每个星期六早上，我都会去收容所。我清理笼子、喂动物、遛狗。有些动物刚来的时候状况不佳，它们需要更多的照顾和关爱。看到它们好转并找到新家，让我非常开心。 这段经历教会了我很多。我明白了每一份小小的善意都很重要。我也结识了许多志同道合的新朋友。 做志愿并不总是容易的，但这是值得的。能为这些动物的生活做出一点改变，我感到很自豪。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $