Unit1 Science Fiction 词汇讲解课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

Unit 1 Science Fiction Words and Expressions ridiculous adj. 愚蠢的; 荒谬的; 荒唐的 ridiculously adv.荒唐地;荒谬地; 令人惊奇地 It is ridiculous to do ... 做什么是愚蠢的/荒谬的/荒唐的 It is ridiculous that ... ...是愚蠢的/荒谬的/荒唐的 It is ridiculous that the Marquis of Wu'an marries into the butcher's daughter's family. 2 appointment [əˈpɔɪntmənt] n. 预约；约会；委任 (1) make/have an appointment with sb. 和某人有约 by appointment 按照预约 (2) appoint sb. (as/to be) 任命某人(为……) appoint sb. to do sth. 指派某人去做某事 appoint v.任命，委派 appointed adj.约定的 一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. She had failed to keep her appointment for third times. 2. They congratulated him on his appointment as chairman. ___________ 3. He has taken up an appointment as Professor of Chemistry. ___________ 二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. I have an __________ (appoint) at the doctor’s. 2. She has an appointment __________ her friend, but she has to change it. 失约 任命 职位 appointment with ① Call the secretary and make an (appoint) with the manager. ② If you are invited to dinner, you are supposed to arrive no later than the (appoint) time. ③ A new engineer was appointed (deal) with the products returned by customers. ④ Word came that the committee appointed Mrs Brown ____ chairwoman of the organization. appointment appointed to deal as guilty [ˈɡɪlti] adj.内疚的，有罪的，有过失的 feel/ be guilty about/ at 对...感到内疚 be guilt of 犯有...罪 guilt n. 内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行 ① John had a (guilt) look on his face, leaving all the tasks to me. ② I still feel guilty the things I said to my father when I was a teenager. ③ Henry was guilty abusing his power as a government official. guilty about of suspend [səˈspend] vt. 悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 suspension n.暂令停职；暂缓；推迟；延期 suspend [səˈspend] vt. 悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. A lamp was suspended from the ceiling. ___________ 2. Production has been suspended while safety checks are carried out. ___________ 3. Dave was suspended from school for a week. ___________ 4. Julie was suspended from her job shortly after the incident. ___________ 悬 / 挂 / 吊 暂停 / 中止 被停学 被停职 dismiss [dɪsˈmɪs] vt. 让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除 dismiss/fire sb. for sth. 因……而解雇/开除某人 dismissal n.开除，解雇 ① The suggestion should not (dismiss) out of hand. ② The servant was dismissed being lazy and dishonest. ③ On Thursday, the company announced their plan to ． 该公司周四宣布计划解雇180名员工。 be dismissed for dismiss 180 employees declare vt. 表明；宣称；公布 declare...to be/as...　　 宣布……是…… The painting was declared to be a forgery.这幅画被判定为赝品。 declare for/against... 赞成/反对…… They declared for equal rights for everyone.他们赞成人人平等的权利。 He declared against the decision at the meeting.他在会议上公开反对这个决定。 declare war on... 向……宣战 Germany declared war on France on 1 August 1914. 德国在1914年8月1日向法国宣战。 It is declared that... 宣布…… It is declared that the study tour activity will be held next week. 宣布研学活动将于下周举行。 declaration n. 声明；宣告 Universal Declaration of Human Rights 《世界人权宣言》 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)The emperor declared war ____________ his rival kingdom in order to expand his territory. (2)The medical association decided to declare ____________ the new healthcare policy, arguing that it would harm public health. on against (3)在打破100米短跑的世界纪录后，这名运动员(athlete)被宣布为世界上速度最快的选手。 →___________________________________________________ after breaking the world record in the 100-meter dash. →_____________________________________________________ after he broke the world record in the 100-meter dash. [应用文写作之人物介绍] The athlete was declared to be the fastest in the world It was declared that the athlete was the fastest in the world 14 whereas conj. 然而；但是；尽管 while 强调对比 He is a worker while I am a doctor. 他是工人，我是医生。 whereas 强调相反 Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not. 有一些结果令人满意，然而其它的则不然。 calculate [ˈkælkjuleɪt] vt. 计算；核算；预测 calculate on 指望；期待 be calculated to do sth. 旨在做某事 It is calculated that... 据计算…… It has been calculated that at least 47 000 jobs were lost last year. 据估算，去年至少47 000人次失去了工作。 calculation n.计算；核算 calculator n.计算器 pros and cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对 advantages and disadvantages strengths and weaknesses 17 superior [suːˈpɪəriə(r)] adj. 更好的；占优势的；更高的 superior to 比...更好，更胜一筹 superior in 在...方面优越 Your cell phone is superior to mine in quality. 你的手机质量比我的好。 ---superiority n. 优越；优势；优越感 (反)---inferior adj. 较差的；低下的 --- inferiority n. 低等；劣等；自卑 be superior to 比……更好，更胜一筹 be junior to sb. 比某人年龄小/职位低 be senior to sb. 比某人年长/职位高 be inferior to sb./sth. 比……差/级别低 be prior to...先于... take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 I'm going to take over the company one day. 我总有一天会接管这家公司。 Try not to let negative thoughts take over. 尽量别受消极的想法左右。 In 2001, I took over from him as governing mayor. 2001年我接替他担任了主管市长。 take off 起飞；匆匆离开；脱下；大获成功 Her new song really took off. 她的新歌大获成功。 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 We plan to take on more workers.我们打算雇用更多员工。 take in 吸收；吸纳；理解；欺骗；收留 Plants take in carbon dioxide. 植物吸收二氧化碳。 He was taken in by the lie. 他被谎言欺骗了。 take up 占据；开始从事；接受 He decided to take up the challenge. 他决定接受这个挑战。 ① It was declared that he would the company after his father retired. 据宣布他将会在他父亲退休后接管这家公司。 ② His career after his excellent performance in the film. 在这部电影里有了出色表现之后，他的事业大获成功。 ③ There will be many challenges ahead, but I have confidence that I’ll the burden. 前面会有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。 ④ I was by the salesman — the car turned out to be uneconomical and unreliable. 推销员欺骗了我——那辆汽车结果既不经济又不耐用。 ⑤ Looking after her baby much of her time, but she still made use of her spare time to learn French. 照顾孩子占用了她大量时间，但是她仍然利用空闲时间来学习法语。 take over took off take on taken in took up conflict n.冲突；矛盾；抵触 v. 冲突，抵触 conflict with 与……冲突或抵触 These results conflict with earlier findings. 这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。 in conflict with sb. 和某人冲突 She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career. 她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。 come into conflict with sb. 与某人发生冲突 He often comes into conflict with his neighbors over noise. 他经常因为噪音问题和邻居发生冲突。 ① If so, your points of view are bound to conflict his. ② She found herself conflict with her parents over her future career. ③ They came conflict with the local villagers because of a heated quarrel. ④ The changes are sure to the old traditions, so we must give it a second thought. 变化一定与旧的传统相冲突，所以我们一定要三思。 with in into conflict with turn up　　　　　　 调高(音量等)；出现 He didn’t turn up at the party last night. 他昨晚没来派对。 turn down 调低(音量等)；拒绝 She had to turn down his invitation. 她不得不拒绝他的邀请。 turn in 上交；交还，归还 You must turn in your keys when you leave. 离开时必须归还钥匙。 turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等) turn off 关闭(水、煤气、电灯等) turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向 turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是 ① It that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood. 事实证明，只是看一看绿色的、生长中的东西就能减轻压力，降低血压，让人心情更好。 ② The meeting has already begun, but the chairman hasn’t yet. 会议已开始，但是主席还没出现。 ③ I don’t understand why John Mary’s kind offer. 我不明白约翰为什么拒绝玛丽善意的帮助。 ④ I often my classmates or teachers for help. As a result, I have made steady progress in my studies. turns out turned up turned down turn to at a(n)...pace　　 以……的速度 to set off at a steady/gentle/leisurely pace 以稳定的╱徐缓的╱悠闲的步子出发 pace up and down 来回踱步 She paced up and down outside the room. 她在屋子外面来回走着。 pace [ˈpeɪs] n. 速度；步伐；节奏 vt. & vi. 确定速度；调整节奏 fall back 后退，撤退，退却 fall behind 落后 fall off 减少；下降 fall down 跌倒；掉下；倒塌；失败 fall ill 生病 fall in love with 爱上 The market for their products fell away to almost nothing.他们产品的市场几乎萎缩到零。 The houses fell away as we left the city. 随着我们离城市越来越远，房屋也逐渐在视线中消失了。 fall away （逐渐）减少；消失 ① The sales of cold drinks usually in winter. 冷饮的销售额在冬季通常是减少的。 ② Many foreign tourists China the first time they pay a visit to this great country. 很多外国游客在第一次访问中国这个伟大的国家时，就爱上了它。 ③ The baby who is only ten months old can’t stand steadily and from time to time. 这个只有十个月大的婴儿不能平稳地站立，不时地摔倒。 ④ If you don’t come to class regularly, you will in your studies. 如果你经常不来上课，学习成绩就会落在别人后面。 ⑤ But in winter, when leaves trees, they also fly away. fall away fall in love with falls down fall behind fall off division [dɪˈvɪʒn] n. 分开；分隔；差异；除（法） divide v.分开；分隔 divided adj.有分裂的，有分歧的 add v addition n subtract v subtraction n multiply v multiplication n divide v division n divide sth. between/among... 在……之间分配某物；由……分享某物 Let’s divide the money between us. 我们把钱分了吧。 divide...into... 把……分成…… We can divide the work into small tasks. 我们可以把工作分成小任务。 divide A by B A除以B Divide 20 by 5, and you’ll get 4. 20 除以 5 等于 4。 (1)The ____________ (divide) opinion among the committee members made it difficult to reach a compromise. (2)The teacher divided the books ____________the students who needed them most. (3)The total cost, divided ____ the number of people, is $50 per person. divided among by urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事 He urged us to take exercise every day. 他力劝我们每天锻炼。 urge that...(should) do sth. 极力主张/强调……做某事 I urge that you (should) think twice before you decide. 我极力主张你在决定前三思。 It is urged that...(should) do sth. 极力主张/强调……做某事 It is urged that everyone (should) obey the rules. 人们极力主张每个人都遵守规则。 urge [ɜːdʒ] n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐 have/feel an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事 I have an urge to travel around the world. 我有环游世界的强烈欲望。 urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的 urgency n. 紧急；迫切 ① I never had/felt an urge (learn) any sign language before. ② The local government urged the factory (take) steps to stop the pollution. ③ is strongly urged that all the factories should stop discharging sewage into the river. ④ The people in the earthquake-stricken area are in (urge) need of food, medicine and shelters. ⑤ Our teacher with the College Entrance Examination drawing near. 随着高考的临近，老师敦促我们努力学习。 to learn to take It urgent urges us to study hard maximum adj. 最大极限的 n. 最大量；最大限度 minimum adj. 最低限度的 n. 最小值；最小限度 random adj. 随机的; 不可思议的 randomly adv. 随机; 随意; 未加计划地 at random 随意; 随机; 胡乱地 explode vi. & vt. 爆炸；爆破 explode with anger/ into laughter 勃然大怒/突然大笑起来 explosion n. 爆炸，爆破，爆裂（声） explosive adj. 易爆炸的；可能引起爆炸的 n. 炸药；爆炸物 stun vt.使震惊; 使昏迷 n. 昏迷 stunned adj. 震惊的; 惊愕的 stunning adj.令人震惊的/惊愕的 (stunned-stunned; stunning ) 表示“吃惊”的词 astonishing adj.惊人的 surprising adj.令人惊讶的 shocking adj.令人震惊的 be stunned by 被……震惊 他因听到这突然的消息而目瞪口呆。 He was stunned by the sudden news. The animals are stunned before slaughter. 屠宰前要先把动物击昏。 Thank you! Lavf59.14.100 Lavf59.14.100 $