Unit 5 Nature‘s T emper单元单词用法知识点 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 5 Nature’s Temper 单词用法 Temper n.脾气;怒气 keep one's temper 保持冷静，不发脾气 She always keeps her temper when talking to children. 和孩子说话时，她总能保持耐心。 lose one's temper 发脾气，失控 My dad lost his temper because I forgot to do homework. 因为我忘了写作业，爸爸发了脾气。 have a (good/bad) temper 有（好/坏）脾气 Lucy has a good temper—she never gets angry easily. 露西脾气很好，从不轻易生气。 反义：His uncle has a bad temper, so no one likes to talk to him.他 叔叔脾气差，没人愿意和他说话。 flood n. ①水灾;洪水 (可以用 great,big 等词对其进行修饰） be in flood 发洪水 The big flood washed away the bridge. 这场大洪水冲垮了这座桥梁。 The river is in flood.河水泛滥 ② 大批,大量(的人或事物) a flood of..大量… a flood of tourists 大批游客 v. ①泛滥;淹没;(使)满水 be flooded with.. 被……淹没 The river flooded the village. 河水淹没了村庄。 The station was flooded with water after the heavy rain. 大雨过后,车站被水淹没了。 ②大量涌人;蜂拥而出 People flood into these countries.人们涌入这些国家。 warn v.警告;提醒注意;告诫 warn sb (not)to do sth告诫某人(不要)做某事 The teacher warned him to pay attention to his learning habits. 老师告诫他注意他的学习习惯。 warn sb about/of sth 提醒某人注意某事 A smoke alarm warns you of the danger. 烟雾报警器提醒你有危险。 warn sb against (doing) sth 告诫某人提防某事/不要做某事 My parents warn me against playing tricks on others. 我父母告诚我不要捉弄别人。 warning n. 警告 give a warning 发出警告 wave n. ①波浪；波 The dolphins are swimming happily in the waves. 海豚在波浪中快乐地游着。 ②挥手 give sb a wave 向某人挥手 She refused it with a wave of her hand. 她摆了摆手，拒绝了这件事。 He gave us a wave as the bus drove off. 公共汽车开走时他向我们挥了挥手。 v. 挥手;招(手);挥舞 wave to/at sb 向某人挥手 He waved to his mother smilingly. 他微笑着向他的母亲挥手。 They waved flags and cheered. 他们挥舞着旗子欢呼。 interview n. 采访;面试 do/give an interview 接受采访 go for an interview 参加面试 She will do an interview with a local newspaper tomorrow. 明天她将接受一家当地报社的采访。 Did you go for an interview last week? 你上周去参加面试了吗? v. 采访;对(某人)进行面试 interview sb for sth 为某事面试某人 interview sb about sth 就某事采访某人:就某事与某人面谈 Who do you want to interview next? 接下来你想采访谁? The reporter interviewed the writer about his new book. 记者就那位作家的新书采访他。 拓展：interviewer n. 采访者/面试官 interviewee n. 被采访者/应聘者 nearly adv. 几乎；差不多 ；将近 (可以和 not 连用, not nearly意为“远非, 绝不是”) almost adv. 几乎；差不多 （可以和 no, never, nothing等表示否定意义的词连用，但不与 not 连用） We've saved some money, but it's not nearly enough. 我们存了一些钱,但还远远不够。 I almost never see her. 我几乎从未见过她。 report n. ① 汇报;报道;报告 a weather report -则天气预报 a report on. 一份……的报告 Are these news reports true? 这些新闻报道是真的吗? You need to write a report on your findings. 你需要就你的发现写一份报告。 ②成绩报告单 a school report 学生成绩报告单 get a good/bad report 成绩优异/欠佳 She got a better report this time. 她这次的成绩提高了一些。 v. 汇报;报道;公布 He reported the accident to us. 他向我们汇报了这起事故。 变形：reporter n. 记者 trouble n. ① 苦恼;困难(不可数) have trouble 遇到麻烦;有困难 have trouble ( in) doing sth = have problems (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 (be) in trouble 处于困境中 get into trouble 陷人困境,造成麻烦 What's the trouble with you? 你出什么事了? I have trouble learning English grammar. 我学习英语语法有困难。 v. ①使忧虑;使苦恼 What is it that's troubling you? 是什么事使得你愁眉苦脸? This news troubled him deeply. 这个消息使他深感苦恼。 ② 劳驾;麻烦 trouble sb with sth/to do sth 麻烦某人(做)某事 I'm sorry to trouble you.对不起,打扰你了 I don't want to trouble the doctor with such a small problem. 我不想为了这个小毛病麻烦医生。 Could I trouble you to open the window. please? 劳驾,请您把窗户打开好吗? relative n. (可数名词) 亲戚;亲属 （同义词为 relation） a close/distant relative 一位近/远亲 We usually visit our relatives and friends during the Spring Festival. 春节期间我们通常走亲访友。 adj. 相比较而言的;相对的;相关联的 be relative to sth 相对于某事物;与某事相关的 You may think you're poor, but it's all relative. 你可能认为自己很穷,但一切都是相对的。 We need to collect the facts relative to this problem. 我们需要收集与这个问题相关的事实。 move...off 把……从……移开 Please move the books off the desk.请把书从书桌上移开。 move 的其他常见相关短语: move off 离开,出发,启程 move away 移开;离开 move back 向后移动;退回 move out 搬出(某处) move around 四处移动;走来走去 supply. n. ①补给(品) emergency supplies 应急物资 Our supplies were running out.我们的补给快用完了。 ②供应(量) food supply 粮食供应 water supply 供水 v. 供应,供给,提供 supply sth to sb/sth 把某物提供给某人/某物 supply sb/sth with sth 向某人/某物提供某物 The company supplied sports equipment to schools. =The company supplied schools with sports equipment. 该公司向学校提供运动器材。 prepare vt. 准备 ;使做好准备 prepare sth 准备某物 prepare to do sth 准备去做某事 prepare sb for sth 使某人做好准备 My mom is preparing dinner in the kitchen. 我妈妈正在厨房准备晚饭。 He prepares to visit his grandparents this weekend. 他准备这周末去看望祖父母。 The college prepares students for a career in business. 这个学院是培养商务人才的 vi. 需搭配介词“for”，表“为某事做准备” prepare for sth= get ready for sth They are preparing for the final exam. 他们正在为期末考试做准备。 prepared adj. 有准备的；准备好的 be prepared for 为……做好了准备 （强调状态） We are prepared for the sports meeting. 我们已经为运动会做好了准备。 preparation n.准备(工作);预备 preparation作“准备”讲时,是不可数名词;作“准备工作”讲时,是可数名词。 make preparations 作准备 Why didn't you do any preparation for the exam? 你为什么没为这次考试作任何准备? We made preparations to move to new offices. 我们作好搬到新办公室的准备工作了。 power n. ①电力供应 They turned off the power. 他们关掉了电源。 She was in the lift when the power went off. 她在电梯里时停电了。 ②能量;力量;体力 wind/solar power 风/太阳能 He hit the ball with as much power as he could. 他用尽全力击球。 ③权力;职权 How much power does he have? 他有多少权力? v. 驱动,推动 The engine can power the car easily. 这台发动机能轻松地驱动这辆小汽车。 powerful adj.强大的；强有力的 The country has a powerful army to protect its people. 这个国家有一支强大的军队来保护人民。 powerfully adv.强大地；有力地 The music played powerfully and filled the whole hall. 音乐声激昂地回荡在整个大厅。 go out ①熄灭 Suddenly the candle went out. 蜡烛突然熄灭了。 ②外出 表示“参加社交活动;外出交际(或娱乐) Mary goes out a lot on Sundays. 星期日玛丽应酬非常多。 ③出去 When does Peter usually go out for a trip? 彼得通常什么时候出去旅行? soundly adv. ①(睡觉)酣畅地;(睡得)沉 The baby slept soundly last night.宝宝昨晚睡得很香甜。 ②可靠地 Your information is soundly based. 你的信息是有可靠依据的。 ③完全彻底地 The team was soundly beaten. 该队输得一败涂地。 thick adj. ①厚的 His English-Chinese dictionary is very thick. 他的英汉词典很厚。 ②浓密的;茂密的 a thick head of hair 一头浓密的头发 a thick forest 茂密的森林 ③浓的;稠的 反义词为 thin(薄的;稀的) thick fog 浓雾,大雾 The old man likes to eat thick soup. 那个老人喜欢喝浓汤。 ④粗的;粗壮的 There is a thick tree in the yard! 院子里有一棵粗壮的树。 beat v. (过去式 beat,过去分词 beaten) ①敲;打;(心脏、脉搏等)跳动 beat 表示“敲;打”时常和 at/against/on 等连用。 Somebody was beating at the door. 有人在敲门。 His heart was beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。 ②vt.打败 We beat them by 3 : 2. 我们以3比2打败了他们。 hide v. (过去式 hid,过去分词 hidden) ①vi. 躲藏;藏身 The boy hid behind the sofa when they!played a game. 当他们玩游戏时,这个男孩藏在了沙发后面。 ②vt.隐蔽;隐藏 hide...from sb 藏起……使某人找不到 Can a fox hide its tail? 狐狸能藏住它的尾巴吗? She hid the money from her husband. 她把钱藏起来使她丈夫找不到。 worst adj.& adv.最坏(的);最糟(的) worst是形容词 bad 和副词 badly 的最高级。 the worst 最糟糕的情况、最坏的结果 I think this coat has the worst quality. 我认为这件外套的质量最差. He played worst among all the team members. 在所有队员中他表现最差。 unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地（用于表达负面结果、意外或令人惋惜的情况） Unfortunately, I missed the first class because of the heavy traffic.不幸的是，因为交通拥堵，我错过了第一节课。 fortunate adj.幸运的 He is fortunate to get a new bike as a gift. 他很幸运，收到一辆新自行车作为礼物。 unfortunate adj. 不幸的；遗憾的 It was an unfortunate mistake that he made in the exam. 他在考试中犯的这个错误很遗憾。 fortunately adv.幸运地 Fortunately, my friend helped me solve the math problem. 幸运的是，我的朋友帮我解了这道数学题。 refuse v. ①拒绝 refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 He usually refuses the invitation from Tony. 他通常会拒绝托尼的邀请。 I don't think he will refuse me. 我认为他不会拒绝我。 You shouldn't refuse to help her. 你不应该拒绝帮助她。 ②推却;回绝 The job offer was simply too good to refuse. 这个工作机会太好了，简直无法推掉。 I politely refused their invitation. 我礼貌地回绝了他们的邀请。 guard n. 卫兵;保卫 security guard 保安人员 to be on guard duty 站岗;值勤 There are two guards on duty outside the building. 大楼外有两名警卫在值勤。 v. 保卫;守卫 guard against sth 防止某事,防范某事 The dog guards the house. 这条狗看守这所房子。 scream v. 尖叫;惊呼 scream in/with sth 在某种状态下或因某种情绪尖叫 scream at sb 朝/向某人尖叫 She screamed for help. 她尖声喊救命。 The children were screaming with excitement 孩子们兴奋地喊叫着。 He screamed at her to go away. 他朝她大声叫喊让她走开。 n. [可数名词〕尖叫声 a scream of pain 痛苦的尖叫声 拓展 :shout 表示为让对方听见而故意“大声叫;喊”。 Don't shout like that. I can hear you. 不用那样喊,我能听见你(说话)。 knowledge n.〔不可数名词) ①知识;学问 可与 of 或 about 连用,表示“……方面的知识”，此时 knowledge 前可用不定冠词。 knowledge of sth ………的知识 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 He has a wide knowledge of painting and music. 他在绘画和音乐方面知识渊博 ②知悉;了解 knowledge of sth 知道某事 without sb’s knowledge 某人不知道的情况下 She sent the letter without my knowledge. 她背着我把信寄了出去。 knowledgeable adj. 博学的；有见识的；知识渊博的 She is very knowledgeable about plants. 她对植物很在行。 thinking n. ①〔不可数名词〕思考;思维 I had to do some quick thinking. 我得迅速思考一番。 Walking can improve our thinking skills. 步行能提高我们的思维能力。 ②〔不可数名词】想法 to my way of thinking =in my opinion 我认为;依我看 the thinking behind sth 某事背后的想法 She explained the thinking behind the plan. 她解释了这个计划背后的想法。 adj. 思想的;有理智的 (仅用于名词前作定语) thinking people 有识之士 safeguard v. 保护;捍卫 safeguard against sth 防范/预防某事 safeguard...against/from..保护……免受… The order will safeguard jobs at the factory .这份订单能够保住这家工厂里的工作岗位。 How to safeguard against dangers at home? 在家里如何防备各种危险? The government must safeguard people against air pollution. 政府必须保护人们免受空气污染(危害)。 rescue n. 救援；营救；获救 rescue team 救援队 come to sb's rescue 挽救某人 A lifeboat came to the man's rescue. 一艘救生艇挽救了这个人的生命 vt. 援救;营救 rescue..from…从……中营救… Firefighters worked for two hours to rescue people from the building. 消防员奋战两个小时,将人们从大楼中救出。 volunteer n. ①〔 可数名词〕志愿者;自告奋勇者 I want to be a volunteer in the city. 我想成为这座城市的一名志愿者。 v. 〔及物动词】自愿做;义务做 volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事 Jenny volunteered to clean up the room after the party. 聚会结束后,珍妮自愿打扫房间。 〔不及物动词〕自愿做;义务做 后常跟介词 in,for 等。 They volunteer for the work in the club. 他们自愿在社团里参加这项工作 terribly adv.非常糟地;严重地;非常 She played the piano terribly at the concert. 她在音乐会上弹钢琴弹得非常糟 The little boy missed his mother terribly. 这个小男孩太想念他妈妈了。 I'm terribly sorry--did I hurt you? 非常抱歉,我伤着您了吗? 拓展 terrible〔形容词〕糟糕的;可怕的;非常严重的 The weather is terrible today. 今天天气很糟糕。 What terrible news! 多么骇人听闻的消息! alarm n. ①(时钟或手机的)闹铃 alarm clock 闹钟! set the alarm for.... 把闹钟设定在…… The alarm went off at 7 o'clock.闹铃在7点钟响了。 ②警报(器) a fire/smoke alarm 防火/烟雾警报器 ③ 惊恐 in alarm 惊恐地 She looked up in alarm. 她惊恐地抬头看。 go off ①(警报器等)突然发出巨响 The alarm clock went off just now.刚才闹钟响了。 ②离开 Mary went off to buy water. 玛丽离开去买水了。 ③(机器或设备)停止运转 The heating in our neighbourhood went off suddenly yesterday. 昨天我们社区的暖气突然停止供热了。 ④(电灯)熄灭 The lights went off just now. 刚才灯熄灭了。 ⑤变质 Meat goes off quickly in summer. 夏天肉变质很快。 review v. ①复习;回顾;复查 review for sth 为某事复习 We should review what we learnt as often as possible. 我们应该尽可能经常地复习我们学过的东西。 Jonas helped me review for the test. 乔纳斯帮助我复习备考。 ②写(关于书籍、戏剧、电影等的)评论 I review the storybook after reading it. 我读完故事书后写评论。 n. ①回顾;审查 a review of the year 对一年的回顾 under review 在审查 ②(对图书、戏剧、电影等的)评论 a book review 书评 sudden adj.突然的 all of a sudden 突然;猛地 (相当于 suddenly,可放在句首或句末) a sudden change in the weather天气的突然变化 All of a sudden, the light went off. 突然,灯灭了。 The boy began crying all of a sudden. 这个男孩突然开始哭。 suddenly adv.突然;忽然 Suddenly, the sky became dark and rain started to pour down. 突然,天空变黑,雨开始倾盆而下。 usual adj. 通常的;寻常的;平常的 反义词为 unusual adj.不寻常的;罕见的 as usual 跟往常一样 They worked harder than usual. 他们比平常更加努力地工作。 He went out for a walk as usual. 他跟往常一样外出散步。 unlucky adj.不幸的;不顺利的; 反义词为 lucky adj.幸运的 副词形式为 unluckily不幸地 He was unlucky enough to miss the last train! 他很不幸,没赶上最后一趟火车。 The crow is an unlucky bird in Chinese culture. 在中国文化中,乌鸦是一种不吉利的鸟。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $