Unit1 Past and present期中复习讲义2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

2025-2026学年译林八下Unit1 Past and present期中复习讲义 【知识梳理】 一、重点词形变化 1. southern（adj.）南方的→south（n.）南方 2. development（n.）发展，培养→develop 3. pioneer（n.）先锋，先驱→ pioneering（adj.）开拓性的，先驱性的 4. cultural（adj.）文化的→ culture （n.）文化national culture民族文化 5. wealthy（adj.）富有的→ wealth a man of wealth 富人 6. educational（adj.）教育性的→ education（n.） 7. creativity（n.）创造性，创造力→create（vt.）创造→creative（adj.）创造性的 8. certainly（adv.）一定，必定→certain （adj.）确信的，有把握的；某个，某些 9. hopeful（adj.）充满希望的→hopeless无望的，绝望的 10. reporter（n.）记者→report（vt.）&（n.）报道 11. crowded（adj.）拥挤的 比较级：more crowded →crowd（vi.）拥挤 12. move（n.）改变，转变，动摇→moving （adj.）感人的→moved感动的→movement（n.）运动 13. recently（adv.）最近→recent （adj.）最近的 14. mud（n.）泥→muddy（adj.）泥泞的 15. tourism（n.）旅游业→tourist（n.）游客→tourist attraction景点 16. common（adj.）普通的，普遍的，常见的→commonly （adv.）普通地，常见地 17. convenient（adj.）便利的/方便的→convenience（n.）便利/方便→conveniently（adv.）方便地/便捷地 二、重要表达法 1. 曾经做，过去常做 used to do 2. 习惯于做（状态）be used to doing 3. 习惯了做（动作变化） get used to doing 4. 在城市中出行get around the city 5. 从…发展成……develop from…to… 6. 是……方面的先驱者 be a pioneer in… 7. 来自全世界的劳动者 workers from across the world 8. 处于…核心位置lie at the heart of 9. 崛起为…… ，成长为…. . . rise to become a/an… 10. 积极推动be active in its drive to do 11. 引领着从…向…的转变lead the move from…to… 12. 挤满，满是be crowded with 13. 大量的青年才俊 a wealth of young talent 14. 也as well（用于句尾）以及，还有as well as（连接两个并列成份） 15. 是某方面的榜样be a role model in… 16. 是某人的榜样be a model for sb. 17. 鼓励某人做encourage sb. to do 18. 致力于work to do 19. 产生更少的空气污染produce less air pollution 20. 致力在……方面work on sth. 21. 自从20世纪七十年代since the 1970s 22. 成为……的象征become a symbol of 23. 是（做）某事的关键be the key to (doing) sth. 24. 开拓精神pioneering spirit 25. 多年来over the years 26. 在过去的几年里in the past/last few years 27. 通过做……谋生make a living by doing 28. 多得多的工作a lot more jobs 29. 生活条件living conditions 30. 把……变成turn…into 31. 爱上…… fall in love with… 32. 步入/踏上step into/onto 33. 对……充满希望feel hopeful about… 34. 熬夜做stay overnight to do 35. 那时back then 36. 文化差异cultural differences 37. 培养良好的阅读习惯develop a good reading habit 38. 生活质量quality of life 【巩固训练】 一、单项填空 1. —What do you think of 3D printer? —It’s amazing though it still needs further ____ . A. invention B. education C. development D. situation 2. Look at the ____ road. There must ____ a big rain last night. A. muddy；be B. mud；have been C. muddy；has been D. muddy；is 3. The Smiths ____ in the north but now they ____ in the south. A. used to live；used to live B. were used to live；are used to living C. were used to living；are used to living D. used to live；are used to living 4. —Have you finished your homework ____ ? —Not ____ . I will do it right now. A. already；yet B. already；yet C. yet；yet D. already；already 5. Since the late 1970s, Chinese people are ____ at the ____ development in Shenzhen. A. amaze；amazed B. amazing；amazed C. amazed；amazing D. amaze；amazing 6. —As we all know, Shanghai is a modern city ____ the east of China. —You’re right. It is developing ____ an amazing speed. A. in；at B. at；at C. on；in D. on；at 7. —Mum, could you buy me a new iPad if I get high marks in the exam? —Well, son. Your iPad is still in good ____ . A. condition B. situation C. innovation D. creation 8. —Have you ever been to Nanjing? —Of course. Actually, I ____ there years ago. A. worked B. was working C. would work D. have worked 9. —What’s wrong, Tommy? Why are you crying? —Mummy, Jeremy ____ my cookies. There’s none left. A. eats up B. eating up C. was eating up D. has eaten up 10. How time flies! Great changes ____ in my hometown since I left there. A. took place B. take place C. have taken place D. had taken place 11. —Look! I have bought a new bike. —Cool! Where ____ you ____ it? A. did；buy B. were；buying C. will；buy D. are；buying 12. After reading the Harry Potter series, I must say it is one of ____ books I ____ . A. the best；have read B. the best；read C. a best；have read D. a best；read 13. —How long has your brother ____ China? — ____ last month. A. returned to；since B. been to；for C. come to；for D. been in；since 14. Thanks to the education ____ , students have more time to relax or exercise. A. reply B. repeat C. reform D. record 15. Sally can cook so well that she ____ won’t get hungry at home. A. loudly B. suddenly C. rapidly D. certainly 16. Healthy eating ____ regular exercise ____ good for an energetic person. A. together with；are B. as well as；is C. and；is D. along with；are 17. Jack is a ____ man with a ____ of expensive cars. A. wealth；wealthy B. wealth；wealth C. wealthy；wealth D. wealthy；wealthy 18. Wang Xiaoyun, a pioneer scientist, won an honour ____ UNESCO ____ her researches in maths. A. from；in B. for；in C. for；from D. from；for 19. Tom ____ Chinese food ____ he came to Xuzhou in 2000. A. has fallen in love with；since B. fell in love with；since C. has been in love with；since D. falls in love with；when 20. —I just got an offer from my dream company after months of preparation! — ____ ! You’ve worked so hard for this. A. I couldn’t agree more B. You have my point C. That’s great D. You’re welcome 二、根据所给中文、首字母提示，写出句中所缺单词，每空限填一词。 1. Young people here receive ______________ (优秀的) education that helps them achieve their big dreams. 2. A ______________ (举世闻名的) artist even came to visit and praised our hometown’s beautiful scenery. 3. During holidays, the ______________ (拥挤的) streets are full of happy people enjoying their free time together. 4. This change can also help different local ______________ (行业，工业) to grow in a green way. 5. Thanks to the internet, we can get a ______________ (富有) of learning resources. 6. It is ______________ (普通的) knowledge that the earth moves around the sun every year. 7. The government has realized how important it is to develop new energy ______________ (电动的) cars. 8. ______________ (旅游业) plays an important role in the local economy (经济). 9. Jane’s ______________ (开拓性的) work completely changed how humans view animals. 10. I have put on five pounds ______________ (最近). It’s time for me to lose some weight. 11. It’s an ______________ (荣誉) for me to speak in front of you, ladies and gentlemen. 12. The game show is so meaningless. I like to watch something ______________ (教育的). 13. We have ______________ (已经) finished our homework. 14. The Internet makes our lives more ______________ (方便的). 15. S______________ into the new year fills me with the hope and courage to face the coming challenges. 16. —How many k______________ does a piano usually have? —88. 17. The train can reach a maximum s______________ of 350 kilometers per hour. 18. Modern t______________ has changed the way we communicate. 19. We can take different kinds of t______________ to travel around the country. 20. Planting trees and grass in the deserts really shows Chinese people’s wisdom and ______________ (创造力). 三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I have been away from my hometown for ten years. Last weekend, I returned to my hometown __1__________ I lost my way! Great changes have taken place __2__________ the reform and opening-up. There are electric cars everywhere in the wide streets. But I can still breathe the fresh air just like before. The government took action __3__________ (improve) people’s living conditions. In order to make people get good medical treatment in time, the government __4__________ (offer) much money to start the NCMS (新型农村合作医疗). Whenever they go to the hospital, they pay only a little for it. Besides, the government helped the villagers open the Joyous Farmer’s House (农家乐). __5__________ (thousand) of visitors all over the country come here for their holidays. The farmers are getting richer and richer. And thanks __6__________ the better transportation, the children in the countryside can get a good __7__________ (educate) now. In general, the government is trying its best __8__________ (help) people. People now keep in touch with their friends and relatives more often by __9__________ (use) phones and the internet instead of sending letters. And every family has __10__________ (it) own washing machine. People don’t need to wash heavy clothes by hand any more. And old people can get good medical care. I’m very happy to see these great changes in my hometown. 第 1 页 共 12 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年译林八下Unit1 Past and present期中复习讲义 【知识梳理】 一、重点词形变化 1. southern（adj.）南方的→south（n.）南方 2. development（n.）发展，培养→develop 3. pioneer（n.）先锋，先驱→ pioneering（adj.）开拓性的，先驱性的 4. cultural（adj.）文化的→ culture （n.）文化national culture民族文化 5. wealthy（adj.）富有的→ wealth a man of wealth 富人 6. educational（adj.）教育性的→ education（n.） 7. creativity（n.）创造性，创造力→create（vt.）创造→creative（adj.）创造性的 8. certainly（adv.）一定，必定→certain （adj.）确信的，有把握的；某个，某些 9. hopeful（adj.）充满希望的→hopeless无望的，绝望的 10. reporter（n.）记者→report（vt.）&（n.）报道 11. crowded（adj.）拥挤的 比较级：more crowded →crowd（vi.）拥挤 12. move（n.）改变，转变，动摇→moving （adj.）感人的→moved感动的→movement（n.）运动 13. recently（adv.）最近→recent （adj.）最近的 14. mud（n.）泥→muddy（adj.）泥泞的 15. tourism（n.）旅游业→tourist（n.）游客→tourist attraction景点 16. common（adj.）普通的，普遍的，常见的→commonly （adv.）普通地，常见地 17. convenient（adj.）便利的/方便的→convenience（n.）便利/方便→conveniently（adv.）方便地/便捷地 二、重要表达法 1. 曾经做，过去常做 used to do 2. 习惯于做（状态）be used to doing 3. 习惯了做（动作变化） get used to doing 4. 在城市中出行get around the city 5. 从…发展成……develop from…to… 6. 是……方面的先驱者 be a pioneer in… 7. 来自全世界的劳动者 workers from across the world 8. 处于…核心位置lie at the heart of 9. 崛起为…… ，成长为…. . . rise to become a/an… 10. 积极推动be active in its drive to do 11. 引领着从…向…的转变lead the move from…to… 12. 挤满，满是be crowded with 13. 大量的青年才俊 a wealth of young talent 14. 也as well（用于句尾）以及，还有as well as（连接两个并列成份） 15. 是某方面的榜样be a role model in… 16. 是某人的榜样be a model for sb. 17. 鼓励某人做encourage sb. to do 18. 致力于work to do 19. 产生更少的空气污染produce less air pollution 20. 致力在……方面work on sth. 21. 自从20世纪七十年代since the 1970s 22. 成为……的象征become a symbol of 23. 是（做）某事的关键be the key to (doing) sth. 24. 开拓精神pioneering spirit 25. 多年来over the years 26. 在过去的几年里in the past/last few years 27. 通过做……谋生make a living by doing 28. 多得多的工作a lot more jobs 29. 生活条件living conditions 30. 把……变成turn…into 31. 爱上…… fall in love with… 32. 步入/踏上step into/onto 33. 对……充满希望feel hopeful about… 34. 熬夜做stay overnight to do 35. 那时back then 36. 文化差异cultural differences 37. 培养良好的阅读习惯develop a good reading habit 38. 生活质量quality of life 【巩固训练】 一、单项填空 1. —What do you think of 3D printer? —It’s amazing though it still needs further ____ . A. invention B. education C. development D. situation 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—你觉得3D打印机怎么样？ —令人惊讶的是，它还需要进一步发展。 A. invention发明；B. education教育；C. development发展，改进；D. situation情况。3D打印机作为一种科技产品，虽然很棒，但还需要进一步的“发展”或“完善”。故答案为C。 2. Look at the ____ road. There must ____ a big rain last night. A. muddy；be B. mud；have been C. muddy；has been D. muddy；is 【答案】A 【解析】句意：看这条泥泞的路。昨晚一定下了一场大雨。 第一空需要一个形容词修饰名词road（路），muddy是形容词“泥泞的”，mud 是名词“泥”，所以第一空填muddy。第二空考查There be句型和情态动词结合的用法，根据句意“昨晚一定下了一场大雨”，用There must be…。故答案为A。 3. The Smiths ____ in the north but now they ____ in the south. A. used to live；used to live B. were used to live；are used to living C. were used to living；are used to living D. used to live；are used to living 【答案】D 【解析】句意：史密斯一家过去住在北方，但现在他们习惯住在南方了。句中有but now（但是现在），表示前后时态和状态的对比。前半句表示“过去常常住在北方”，应该用used to do sth.（过去常常做某事），即used to live。后半句表示“现在他们习惯住在南方了”，应该用be used to doing sth.（习惯于做某事），主语是they，所以用are used to living。故答案为D。 4. —Have you finished your homework ____ ? —Not ____ . I will do it right now. A. already；yet B. already；yet C. yet；yet D. already；already 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—你完成作业了吗？ —还没有。我现在就去写。 考查already和yet的用法。在疑问句中，通常用yet表示“已经”，放在句尾。在否定句或简略回答中，表示“还（没）”也用yet。Not yet是固定搭配，意为“还没有”。故答案为C。 5. Since the late 1970s, Chinese people are ____ at the ____ development in Shenzhen. A. amaze；amazed B. amazing；amazed C. amazed；amazing D. amaze；amazing 【答案】C 【解析】句意：自20世纪70年代末以来，中国人民对深圳惊人的发展感到惊讶。 第一空修饰人（Chinese people），表示“感到惊讶的”，用-ed结尾的形容词amazed，构成be amazed at（对……感到惊讶）。第二空修饰物（development发展），表示“令人惊讶的”，用 -ing 结尾的形容词 amazing。故答案为C。 6. —As we all know, Shanghai is a modern city ____ the east of China. —You’re right. It is developing ____ an amazing speed. A. in；at B. at；at C. on；in D. on；at 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—我们都知道，上海是中国东部的一座现代化城市。 —你是对的。它正以惊人的速度发展。 第一空表示“在中国的东部”，in the east of…表示“在……的东部（范围内）”；on the east of… 表示“在……的东面（接壤）”，即两地相邻。第二空表示“以惊人的速度”，固定搭配是 at a/an…speed。故答案为A。 7. —Mum, could you buy me a new iPad if I get high marks in the exam? —Well, son. Your iPad is still in good ____ . A. condition B. situation C. innovation D. creation 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—妈妈，如果我考试得高分，你能给我买台新iPad吗？ —好吧，儿子。你的iPad状况还很好呢。 A. condition状况，状态，条件；B. situation情况，形势，处境；C. innovation创新；D. creation创造。根据语境可知，儿子想要新iPad，妈妈的回答暗示旧iPad还能用。in good condition是固定搭配，意为“状况良好”。故答案为A。 8. —Have you ever been to Nanjing? —Of course. Actually, I ____ there years ago. A. worked B. was working C. would work D. have worked 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—你曾经去过南京吗？ —当然。实际上，我多年前在那里工作过。 A. worked工作（一般过去时）；B. was working工作（过去进行时）；C. would work工作（过去将来时）；D. have worked工作（现在完成时）。问句是现在完成时，询问经历。答句中出现了明确的时间状语 years ago（多年前），这标志着句子必须使用一般过去时。worked 是一般过去时。故答案为A。 9. —What’s wrong, Tommy? Why are you crying? —Mummy, Jeremy ____ my cookies. There’s none left. A. eats up B. eating up C. was eating up D. has eaten up 【答案】D 【解析】句意：—怎么了，汤米？你为什么哭？ —妈妈，杰里米把我的饼干吃光了。一点都没剩。 A. eats up吃光（一般现在时）；B. eating up吃光（现在进行时）；C. was eating up吃光（过去进行时）；D. has eaten up吃光（现在完成时）。根据语境可知，妈妈问为什么哭，Tommy回答说饼干没了（There’s none left）。这说明Jeremy把饼干吃光了这个动作已经发生，并且对现在造成了影响（饼干没了），应该用现在完成时。has eaten up符合语境。故答案为D。 10. How time flies! Great changes ____ in my hometown since I left there. A. took place B. take place C. have taken place D. had taken place 【答案】C 【解析】句意：时间过得真快！自从我离开家乡以来，那里发生了巨大的变化。 A. took place发生（一般过去时）；B. take place发生（一般现在时）；C. have taken place发生（现在完成时）；D. had taken place发生（过去完成时）。句中有时间状语 since I left there（自从我离开那里以来）。since引导的从句用一般过去时，主句通常用现在完成时。Great changes是主语，谓语动词用have taken place。故答案为C。 11. —Look! I have bought a new bike. —Cool! Where ____ you ____ it? A. did；buy B. were；buying C. will；buy D. are；buying 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—看！我买了一辆新自行车。 —酷！你在哪里买的它？ 第一句使用了现在完成时“have bought”，表示动作已经完成。第二句询问的是过去买自行车的具体地点，是对过去发生的动作提问，因此需要使用一般过去时。特殊疑问句中，一般过去时的结构为 “疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形”，故答案为A。 12. After reading the Harry Potter series, I must say it is one of ____ books I ____ . A. the best；have read B. the best；read C. a best；have read D. a best；read 【答案】A 【解析】句意：读完《哈利·波特》系列后，我必须说这是我读过的最好的书之一。 “one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”是固定用法，表示“最……的……之一”，所以第一空填“the best”。后半句“I…”是一个定语从句，修饰“books”，表示“我读过的（书）”，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，应用现在完成时“have read”。故答案为A。 13. —How long has your brother ____ China? — ____ last month. A. returned to；since B. been to；for C. come to；for D. been in；since 【答案】D 【解析】句意：—你哥哥来中国多久了？ —自从上个月以来。 本题考查现在完成时中延续性动词的用法以及时间状语的搭配。问句以“How long”开头，询问时间段，谓语动词需要用延续性动词。“return to（返回）、“been to（去过）”、“come to（来到）”都是瞬间动词，不能与表示时间段的“How long”连用。只有“been in”（待在某地）表示一种持续的状态，符合语境。答语中“last month（上个月）”是一个具体的过去时间点。在现在完成时的回答中，表示从过去某一时间点开始的动作或状态，需要用“since + 时间点”；而“for + 时间段”表示持续了多久。因此这里应填“since”。 故答案为D。 14. Thanks to the education ____ , students have more time to relax or exercise. A. reply B. repeat C. reform D. record 【答案】C 【解析】句意：多亏了教育改革，学生们有更多的时间放松或锻炼。 A. reply回复；B. repeat重复；C. reform改革；D. record记录。结合语境，“education reform（教育改革）”符合逻辑，因为改革（如“双减”政策）使得学生有了更多休息时间。故答案为C。 15. Sally can cook so well that she ____ won’t get hungry at home. A. loudly B. suddenly C. rapidly D. certainly 【答案】D 【解析】句意：萨莉做饭做得太好了，她在家肯定饿不着。 A. loudly大声地；B. suddenly突然地；C. rapidly迅速地；D. certainly当然，必定。根据前半句“做饭做得好”，可以推断出她在家“当然/必定”不会挨饿。“certainly”符合语境。故答案为D。 16. Healthy eating ____ regular exercise ____ good for an energetic person. A. together with；are B. as well as；is C. and；is D. along with；are 【答案】B 【解析】句意：健康的饮食以及定期的锻炼对于一个精力充沛的人是有益的。 本题考查主谓一致。当主语后面跟有由“together with”“as well as”“along with”等引导的短语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于前面的主语（即“就远原则”）。本句主语是 “Healthy eating（健康的饮食）”，这是一个动名词短语，作主语时视为单数。“and”连接两个主语时，谓语应为复数“are”。故答案为B。 17. Jack is a ____ man with a ____ of expensive cars. A. wealth；wealthy B. wealth；wealth C. wealthy；wealth D. wealthy；wealthy 【答案】C 【解析】句意：杰克是一个富有的男人，拥有大量昂贵的汽车。 本题考查词性转换。第一个空修饰名词“man”，需要用形容词。“wealth”是名词（财富），“wealthy”是形容词（富有的），所以填“wealthy”。第二个空在“a…of”结构中，需要填入名词。“a wealth of”是固定短语，意为“大量的，丰富的”，所以填名词“wealth”。故答案为C。 18. Wang Xiaoyun, a pioneer scientist, won an honour ____ UNESCO ____ her researches in maths. A. from；in B. for；in C. for；from D. from；for 【答案】D 【解析】句意：先锋科学家王小云因其在数学领域的研究获得了联合国教科文组织的一项荣誉。 本题考查介词搭配。第一个空表示荣誉的来源，即“来自”联合国教科文组织，用介词“from”。第二个空表示获奖的原因，即“为了/因为”她的数学研究，用介词“for”。win a honour from sb. for sth. 因某事从某人那里获得一个荣誉，固定搭配，故答案为D。 19. Tom ____ Chinese food ____ he came to Xuzhou in 2000. A. has fallen in love with；since B. fell in love with；since C. has been in love with；since D. falls in love with；when 【答案】C 【解析】句意：汤姆自从2000年来到徐州以来，就一直爱上了中国食物。 本题考查现在完成时与时间状语从句的搭配。“since” 引导的时间状语从句（一般过去时）通常与主句的现在完成时连用。“fall in love with（爱上）”是瞬间动词短语，不能与表示一段时间的“since” 连用，需要改为延续性状态 “be in love with”。故答案为C。 20. —I just got an offer from my dream company after months of preparation! — ____ ! You’ve worked so hard for this. A. I couldn’t agree more B. You have my point C. That’s great D. You’re welcome 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—经过几个月的准备，我终于收到了我梦寐以求的公司的录用通知！ —太棒了！你为此付出了很多努力。 A. I couldn’t agree more我完全同意（用于赞同观点）；B. You have my point 你说得有道理（用于认可观点）；C. That’s great太棒了（常用于对别人的好消息表示高兴和祝贺）；D. You’re welcome不客气（用于回应感谢）。综合语境，故答案为C。 二、根据所给中文、首字母提示，写出句中所缺单词，每空限填一词。 1. Young people here receive ______________ (优秀的) education that helps them achieve their big dreams. 【答案】excellent 【解析】句意：这里的年轻人接受了优秀的教育，这帮助他们实现了伟大的梦想。空格处需要形容词修饰“education”，表示“优秀的”，可用“excellent”。 2. A ______________ (举世闻名的) artist even came to visit and praised our hometown’s beautiful scenery. 【答案】world-famous 【解析】句意：一位举世闻名的艺术家甚至来参观并称赞了我们家乡的美丽景色。形容词修饰“artist”，表示“举世闻名的”，可用“world-famous”。 3. During holidays, the ______________ (拥挤的) streets are full of happy people enjoying their free time together. 【答案】crowded 【解析】句意：假期期间，拥挤的街道上满是快乐的人们一起享受空闲时光。形容词修饰“streets”，表示“拥挤的”，可用“crowded”。 4. This change can also help different local ______________ (行业，工业) to grow in a green way. 【答案】industries 【解析】句意：这一变化也能帮助不同的本地行业以绿色方式发展。空格处需要名词，表示“行业，工业”，且“different”修饰复数名词，可用“industries”。 5. Thanks to the internet, we can get a ______________ (富有) of learning resources. 【答案】wealth 【解析】句意：多亏了互联网，我们可以获得丰富的学习资源。固定搭配“a wealth of”表示“大量的，丰富的”。 6. It is ______________ (普通的) knowledge that the earth moves around the sun every year. 【答案】common 【解析】句意：地球每年绕太阳运转是常识。形容词修饰“knowledge”，表示“普通的”，可用“common”。 7. The government has realized how important it is to develop new energy ______________ (电动的) cars. 【答案】electric 【解析】句意：政府已经意识到发展新能源电动汽车的重要性。形容词修饰“cars”，表示“电动的”，可用“electric”。 8. ______________ (旅游业) plays an important role in the local economy (经济). 【答案】Tourism 【解析】句意：旅游业在当地经济中扮演着重要角色。名词作主语，表示“旅游业”，可用“Tourism”。 9. Jane’s ______________ (开拓性的) work completely changed how humans view animals. 【答案】pioneering 【解析】句意：简的开创性工作彻底改变了人类对动物的看法。形容词修饰“work”，表示“开拓性的”，可用“pioneering”。 10. I have put on five pounds ______________ (最近). It’s time for me to lose some weight. 【答案】recently 【解析】句意：我最近胖了五磅。是时候减肥了。副词表示“最近”，可用“recently”。 11. It’s an ______________ (荣誉) for me to speak in front of you, ladies and gentlemen. 【答案】honor 【解析】句意：女士们先生们，能在你们面前演讲是我的荣幸。名词表示“荣誉”，可用“honor”。 12. The game show is so meaningless. I like to watch something ______________ (教育的). 【答案】educational 【解析】句意：这个游戏节目太没意义了。我喜欢看有教育意义的东西。形容词修饰“something”，表示“教育的”，可用“educational”。 13. We have ______________ (已经) finished our homework. 【答案】already 【解析】句意：我们已经完成作业了。副词表示“已经”，可用“already”。 14. The Internet makes our lives more ______________ (方便的). 【答案】convenient 【解析】句意：互联网让我们的生活更便利。形容词表示“方便的”，可用“convenient”。 15. S______________ into the new year fills me with the hope and courage to face the coming challenges. 【答案】Stepping 【解析】句意：步入新的一年让我充满希望与勇气去面对即将到来的挑战。step into步入，迈入。固定搭配，动名词作主语，用“Stepping”。 16. —How many k______________ does a piano usually have? —88. 【答案】keys 【解析】句意：—钢琴通常有多少个琴键？ —88个。名词复数表示“琴键”，用“keys”。 17. The train can reach a maximum s______________ of 350 kilometers per hour. 【答案】speed 【解析】句意：这列火车可以达到每小时350公里的最高速度。名词表示“速度”，用“speed”。 18. Modern t______________ has changed the way we communicate. 【答案】technology 【解析】句意：现代科技改变了我们沟通的方式。名词表示“技术”，用“technology”。 19. We can take different kinds of t______________ to travel around the country. 【答案】transport 【解析】句意：我们可以乘坐各种交通工具环游全国。名词表示“交通工具”，用“transport”。 20. Planting trees and grass in the deserts really shows Chinese people’s wisdom and ______________ (创造力). 【答案】creativity 【解析】句意：在沙漠中植树种草，真正展现了中国人的智慧和创造力。名词表示“创造力”，用“creativity”。 三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I have been away from my hometown for ten years. Last weekend, I returned to my hometown __1__________ I lost my way! Great changes have taken place __2__________ the reform and opening-up. There are electric cars everywhere in the wide streets. But I can still breathe the fresh air just like before. The government took action __3__________ (improve) people’s living conditions. In order to make people get good medical treatment in time, the government __4__________ (offer) much money to start the NCMS (新型农村合作医疗). Whenever they go to the hospital, they pay only a little for it. Besides, the government helped the villagers open the Joyous Farmer’s House (农家乐). __5__________ (thousand) of visitors all over the country come here for their holidays. The farmers are getting richer and richer. And thanks __6__________ the better transportation, the children in the countryside can get a good __7__________ (educate) now. In general, the government is trying its best __8__________ (help) people. People now keep in touch with their friends and relatives more often by __9__________ (use) phones and the internet instead of sending letters. And every family has __10__________ (it) own washing machine. People don’t need to wash heavy clothes by hand any more. And old people can get good medical care. I’m very happy to see these great changes in my hometown. 【答案】but；since；to improve；offered；Thousands；to；education；to help；using；its 【解析】 1. 句意：我回到了家乡，但我却迷路了！前后两个分句是转折关系，所以用连词 but。 2. 句意：自改革开放以来，发生了巨大的变化。主句“Great changes have taken place”使用了现在完成时，表示从过去某一时间点持续到现在的动作或状态。since后面接时间点，意为“自从……以来”，符合语境。 3. 句意：政府采取行动改善人民的生活条件。“take action to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“采取措施做某事”。这里用动词不定式to improve作目的状语，表示采取措施的目的是为了改善生活条件。 4. 句意：为了使人们及时得到良好的治疗，政府提供了大量资金来启动新型农村合作医疗。这句话描述的是政府过去为了启动“新型农村合作医疗”而采取的行动，是一个发生在过去的事件，因此动词offer应使用一般过去时offered。 5. 句意：全国各地成千上万的游客来这里度假。“thousands of”是一个固定短语，意为“成千上万的”，用来修饰可数名词复数。注意句首单词首字母需要大写。 6. 句意：多亏了更好的交通，农村的孩子现在可以接受良好的教育。“thanks to”是固定短语，意为“多亏了，由于”，后面接名词或名词性短语，表示原因。 7. 句意：多亏了更好的交通，农村的孩子现在可以接受良好的教育。空格前有不定冠词“a”和形容词“good”，说明这里需要一个名词。动词educate的名词形式是education。“get a good education”意为“接受良好的教育”。 8. 句意：总的来说，政府正在尽最大努力帮助人们。“try one’s best to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。这里用动词不定式to help作宾语。 9. 句意：人们现在更经常地通过电话和互联网与朋友和亲戚保持联系，而不是写信。介词by后面需要接动名词形式，表示通过某种方式。因此，use应变为using。 10. 句意：每个家庭都有它自己的洗衣机。own在这里是形容词，意为“自己的”，前面需要一个物主代词来修饰。主语是“every family（每个家庭）”，是单数，所以用its。 第 1 页 共 12 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $