Unit 5 知识点，语法点以及练习题 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

八年级下册人教版unit 5 知识点 这一单元主要学习了自然灾害的相关知识,自然灾害的特征,人们关于自然灾害的经历等内容。这一单元的短语相对较少,好多是之前学习过的。难点在语法点中的when 和while引导的时间状语从句。 41页 主情景图 1. be likely to do sth很可能做…… 42页 1. at the time of +名词/动词ing :在……的时候 2. hear about听说,得知(详细情况) 3. in time及时 4. at the time当时,在那时 5. all of a sudden=suddenly突然 6. take sb by surprise是某人猝不及防,突然发生 43页 1. take place发生,举行(多指有计划、有安排的事) 2. slow down减速、放松 3. clean up打扫、清洁干净 4. play chess下棋 5. come off脱落,掉下 6. pay attention to +名词/代词/动词ing:注意,留心 7. advise sb (not) to do sth建议某人(不)做某事 advise doing sth建议做…… 8. prepare for为……做准备 be prepared for sth为……做好了准备 make preparations for为……做准备 make preparations to do sth准备做…… 9. close by 在附近 44页 1. cover A with B: 用B盖住A be covered with 被……覆盖 2. move...off :移走,挪开 3. get into进入,养成(习惯),参与 45页 1. land on 登陆,落到……上 2. go out外出,交际,熄灭 3. warn sb of sth警告/提醒某人某事 4. start to do sth(还没做,准备做) 开始做…… start doing sth(强调动作开始、持续) 5. hide from躲避…… 6. at last最后,最终 46、47页 1. instead of代替,而不是 2. just then就在那时 3. refuse to do sth拒绝做…… 4. the rest of+名词/代词: 剩下的,其余的 5. jump into action立即行动起来 6. continue to do sth(换了一件事做) 继续做…… continue doing sth(继续做同一件事) 7. right away立刻,马上 8. rush to do sth急忙去做…… 9. get off下车,离开,脱下 10. begin to do sth开始去做某事 侧重动作启动、从无到有; 心理活动、情感、无意识动作只能用 to do; 物作主语,一般用begin to do begin doing sth 开始做起某事。侧重动作持续、进入做某事的状态。多指有意识、主动着手做具体事情。 11. just as正如,正当……时候 12. look out for注意,小心,寻找 13. move away from离开,远离,摆脱 14. as soon as一……就 48页 1. blow across吹过,横扫 2. sweep through(风、风暴)席卷、横扫; (疾病、情绪、潮流)迅速蔓延、席卷 3. at the end of:在…… 末尾 / 尽头 by the end of:到…… 末尾为止 4. safeguard sth. from/against sth:保护……免受 49页 1. go off (闹钟、警报)响起来 2. by the time 等到…… 的时候;到…… 时候为止 3. out of breath上气不接下气;气喘吁吁 4. as a result结果;因此;所以 5. after all毕竟,终究 50页 1. on the other hand另一方面,然而 2. be glued to + 名词: 全神贯注看着;粘在…… 上 unit 5 语法点 这一单元学习了过去进行时。过去进行时与现在进行时的结构类似,只是将be动词换成了过去式。 一. 概念:表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正进行的动作。 二. 构成:was/were + 动词现在分词 三. 动词变动词ing形式 1. 直接加ing 2. 以不发音e结尾的,去e加ing 3. 重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母再加ing。(辅音 + 元音 + 辅音 (且该音节重读)) 四. 用法: 1. 表示某一时刻正进行的行为,与特定的过去时间状语连用,常见的时间状语有:at 5 o'clock yesterday, at that time, at that moment, when I came in 等。 例: What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 2. 表示动作在一段时间内持续进行,未完成;常用时间标志:from 6 to 10 the day before yesterday;也可搭配while引导的时间状语从句。 例: They were playing football from 8 to 10 yesterday morning. 五. 句子结构 1. 肯定句:主语 + was/were + 动词ing 例子: He was reading a book at 6 last night. 他昨晚上6点正在看书。 2. 否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 动词ing 例子:We were not playing chess yesterday evening . 我们昨天晚上没有下棋。 3. 一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 动词ing? 例子: Were you watching TV at that time yesterday? 你昨天那个时候在看电视吗? 4. 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词ing? 例子:What was Tom doing when the typhoon landed? 当台风登陆的时候,汤姆正在做什么? 六. when和while引导的时间状语从句 1. when表示“当……的时候”。既可以与延续性动词连用,又可以与非延续性动词连用。从句中动作既可和主句的动作同时发生,又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。 例子:My mother was cooking dinner when I opened the door. 2. while表示“在……的时候”、“在……期间”。while与延续性动词连用。它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。 例子:I was doing homework while my brother was playing with his friend. 3. 延续性动词与非延续性动词 ①延续性动词:动作可以持续一段时间。 例:live, work, study, stay, keep, sleep, have, know, like ②非延续性动词(瞬间动词/短暂动词) 动作一瞬间就结束,不能持续。 例:come, go, leave, buy, borrow, die, begin, start, join, arrive, finish, stop 4. 规律口诀 when主句、从句都用一般过去时 when主句用过去进行时,从句用一般过去时 while主句、从句都用过去进行时 while从句用过去进行时 总结为:when主从都不进或主进 while主从都进或从进 (不进指的是一般过去时;进指的是过去进行时) 练习 1. 写出下列动词的动名词 1. lend_ 2. go_ 3. come_ 4. arrive_ 5. run_ 6. sit_ 7. drop_ 8. decide_ 9. pack_ 10. learn_ 二. 按要求写句子 1. I was doing my homework at 8 yesterday evening.(改成否定句) I _ _ my homework at 8 yesterday evening. 2. 在那时候,Lucy正在跳舞。(汉译英) Lucy _ _ at that time. 3. They were watching TV yesterday evening. (改成一般疑问句并作否定回答) _ _ watching TV yesterday evening? _ , _ _. 三. 判断下列单词是瞬时动词还是延续性动词 live, die, buy, keep, leave, stay, begin, know, join, work, borrow, have, finish, study, arrive 延续性动词:_ 瞬时动词:_ 四. 用 when /while 填空 1. _ I was walking to school, I saw a cat. 2. He was reading _ his mother was cooking. 3. _ the rain stopped, we went out. 4. I was doing homework _ my friend called me. 5. _ they were playing basketball, it began to rain. 6. My dad was washing the car _ my mom was cleaning the room. 五、用所给动词适当形式填空 1. I _ (read) a book when he _ (come) in. 2. While they _ (talk), the teacher _ (enter) the classroom. 3. When I _ (be) young, I _ (like) music. 4. She _ (sleep) while her brother _ (play) games. 六. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I _(do) my homework last night. 2. I _(do) my homework at 8:00 last night. 3. It _(rain) yesterday. 4. It _(rain) when I went out. 5. He _(write) a letter and then went to bed. 6. He _(write) a letter when I came in. 答案 一. 1. lending 2. going 3. coming 4. arriving 5. running 6. sitting 7. dropping 8. deciding 9. packing 10. learning 二. 1. wasn't doing 2. was dancing 3. Were they, No, they weren't. 三. 延续性动词:live、keep、stay、know、work、have、study 瞬时动词:die、buy、leave、begin、join、borrow、finish、arrive 四. 1. While 2. while 3. When 4. when 5. While 6. while 五. 1. was reading; came 2. were talking; entered 3. was; liked 4. was sleeping; was playing 六. 1. did 2. was doing 3. rained 4. was raining 5. wrote 6. was writing 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $