Unit 1 Science Fiction Discovering Useful Structures 被动语态复习 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

复习被动语态 Review the Passive Vioce Unit 1 Learning About Language 一、定义和基本用法： 语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。 当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）； 如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。 As he was not allowed to accompany her... she was being offered sympathy by a robot. A robot is offering sympathy to her. 1. 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。 2. 强调动作的承受者。 3. 广播、广告、新闻、标题中。 Satisfaction Guaranteed / Man wanted. When should we use passive voice? The street is cleaned (clean) by the dustmen every morning. These books were written (write) in 1969. Some pine trees will be planted (plant) in the park tomorrow. A new bridge is being built (build) over the river now. All the letters have been posted(post) so far. 2. 一般过去时: 1. 一般现在时: am / is / are + done 3. 一般将来时: 4. 现在进行时: Structures of passive voice 5. 现在完成时: was / were + done will be + done am / is / are being + done have / has been + done The roads were being widened (widen) last week at this time. She said that the bridge had been washed (wash) away by the flood. The baby must be looked (look) after well. 6. 过去进行时: 7. 过去完成时: 8. 含有情态动词: Structures of passive voice was /were being + done had been + done must/can/may…+be done 世界各地都有人讲英语。 People speak English almost all over the world. → English is spoken(by people) almost all over the world. 1．含有单宾语的句子转换： 二、主动变被动语态时需注意的问题 2. 主动变为被动时, 双宾语的变化。 My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. 改为：主语是书 →An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday. 改为：我为主语 →I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday. 3.当动词后有复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)，变被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语即可，其它不变。 ﹡The boss found a cook smoking in the kitchen. → A cook was found smoking in the kitchen. ﹡We always keep the classroom clean. →The classroom is always kept clean(by us). ﹡She told us to follow her instructions. →We were told to follow her instructions. 思考： 在see, watch, hear, notice, make, feel等 动词后作宾语补足语 的动词不定式都不带 to， 如何改成被动语态？ He made me do the work. I was made to do the work by him. 4. 注意：make, let, see, watch，hear，notice等词 在主动句中动词不带to, 但在被动句中要带to We heard him say good-bye to his friends. 5.动词短语变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。 含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来,变被动时不要丢漏动词短语中的副词或介词。 如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operate on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。 The children were taken good care of (by her)． Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention______. 小翻译 ﹡处处都在讨论疫情。 ﹡他讨厌被嘲笑。 The epidemic is talked about everywhere. He hates being laughed at. 6.当主动句中句子的谓语为say，believe，expect，think，know，write, consider, report等，句中的宾语是that引导的宾语从句时，可转换为两种形式的被动句。 两种形式： ①把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。 ②用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。 ﹡People say he is a smart boy. →He is said to be a smart boy. →It is said that he is a smart boy. ﹡People know paper was made in China first. →Paper was known to be made in China first. →It is known that paper was made in China first. 7.“get＋done”也可表示被动语态。 ﹡The patient got treated once a week. 很多人在这次抢劫事故中被抓住。 Many people got caught in the robbery accident. 1.有些动词如read, write, clean, wash, iron, burn, draw, cook, keep, cut, open, sell等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性或性能, 且和副词well, easily, smoothly，badly等连用时, 用这些动词的主动形式表示被动意义。 三、主动形式表被动意义 ﹡这支钢笔写起来很顺畅。 The pen writes smoothly. 这剧本易读不易演。 ﹡The play reads more easily than acts. 【心得总结】 以上动词的主语一般是表示物的词, 且这些动词表示主语具有某种内在的特点, 这些句子的时态多用一般现在时。 2. 当连系动词feel，smell, sound，look, taste, prove等后面接形容词时，这些动词的主动形式也表示被动意义。 ﹡花儿散发着芳香。 The flowers smell sweet. —Do you like the material? —Yes, it ________(feel) very soft. feels 3.不及物动词没有被动语态。 他的梦想终于实现了。 ﹡His dream came true finally. 不及物动词(短语)如appear, happen, remain, take place, come about, break out, come true,belong to, run out 等没有被动语态。 4.介词in, on, under等加名词构成介词短语表示被动意义。 这些介词短语中名词前一般不用冠词，其形式可以替换成该名词相应动词的被动形式。 大楼正在建设之中。 The building is under construction. (is being constructed). 如 “under +名词”结构, 表示“某事在进行中”。 常见的有: under control(受控制), under treatment(在治疗中), under repair(在修理中), under discussion(在讨论中) under construction(在施工中)。 5.在need ,want,require,deserve等词后 用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，也可用不定式的被动形式。 The matter needs looking into. →The matter needs ________________. to be looked into 6. be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。也可用 be worthy to be done或 be worthy of being done替换 His suggestion is not worth considering. → 7.在“名词/代词 +be+adj. + to do”结构中。 不定式常用在形容词 easy, difficult, hard, impossible，important, strange等后面，和句子主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，用主动式表被动意义。 The book is easy to understand. 8.某些作表语用的不定式，强调出租，责备等，此类常用的动词有let,blame等。不定式主动形式表被动意义。 Am I to blame? 我该受罚吗? The house is to let. 这房屋出租。 1 What is done cannot _________. (undo) 2 Janet _____________ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect) 3 Two hundred grammes of flour should _________ to the cake mix. (add) 4 A 3,000-seat venue _____________________ for the circus performance in November. (build) 5 Working efficiency _________________ since this new software was adopted. (improve) be undone was elected be added will be built/ was built has been improved 6 Only one piece of carry-on luggage ______ __________ for each economy class passenger. (allow) 7 It is a great honour for me to _________ to address this international AI conference. (invite) 8 When I entered the room, I found that the salesman's salary _________________ at the meeting. (discuss) 9 With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination. He is expected to _____________ to a top university. (admit) is allowed be invited was being discussed be admitted Science fiction __________ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and _________. The Three-Body Problem, _______ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume ______________ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book ___________ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, AI, and the future of humans. written was translated represents is regarded explored The Three Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao. Ye ___________ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which ______________ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao _____________ in a popular online game called "Three Body", in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people’s stories ___________? And how will their behaviour change Earth’s future and the civilizations of other planets? Answers to all these questions are waiting to __________ when you go on reading. is recruited has been set up connected gets caught up be discovered 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/ does 一般过去式 did 一般将来时 will do 现在进行时 am/is/are doing 过去进行时 was/were doing 现在完成时 has/ have done 过去完成时 had done 语态 时态 am/ is/ are + done was/ were + done will + be done am/is/are + being done was/ were + being done has/ have + been done had +been done 使用被动语态时要注意 和 。 时态 单复数 $