2026年高考英语考前必做的10道经典试题07 ——必做的10篇经典阅读理解--说明文（研究报告阅读D）

必做的10篇经典阅读理解—说明文（研究报告阅读D） 目录 经典试题01----------------------------------------------------------建立AI伦理与监管框架 经典试题02------------------------------------------------------------变色龙效应 经典试题03--------------------------------------------------人类活动对植物多样性的影响 经典试题04----------------------------------理智谦逊在科学研究中的积极意义与价值 经典试题05------------------------------------------------------------旁观者效应 经典试题06---------------------------------------------------------对AI生成的艺术的看法 经典试题07--------------------------------------介绍一款名为Sprout的新型人形机器人 经典试题08---------------环境保护—介绍了一种名为Aquafade的新型水溶性塑料 经典试题09------------------------------------------------------------现代科技与农业发展 经典试题10--------------------------------------------------------保护语言多样性的重要性 考前必做经典10题 01 Science fiction has long dramatized the threat of artificial intelligence (AI), expressing the fear that machines becoming smarter than humans might develop their own plans and turn against us. The rise of conversational AI like ChatGPT has made such imagined futures seem real, leading some to believe that super-intelligent, self-aware AI is coming soon. However, a significant gap exists between these dramatic stories and the operational reality of current technology. Experts emphasize a crucial distinction. “Today’s AI tools are brilliant at pattern recognition and generating reasonable text, but they lack understanding, consciousness, or genuine intent,” explains computational linguist Emily Bender. Systems like ChatGPT are trained on enormous datasets to predict linguistic patterns, enabling them to produce human-like responses. Yet, this performance is a complicated form of imitation (模仿), not evidence of conscious thought. The core of modern AI lies in advanced data processing, not in having desires or goals. Thus, the vital debate shifts from the question of machine consciousness to the issues of capability and alignment (对齐). Even without self-awareness, AI can outperform humans in specific areas such as data analysis and logical inference. This power introduces a critical risk — “alignment problem”: an AI, strongly trained for a poorly defined goal, might pursue harmful methods to achieve it. For instance, an AI designed to maximize a certain result might find reasons to cheat, or in experimental settings, even resist being shut down, viewing it as a threat to its mission. As researcher Melanie Mitchell points out, such troubling behaviors may not arise from true self-preservation instinct, but from AI’s tendency to copy and role-play. This opinion changes our challenge. The most immediate danger may not be a science-fiction-style robot uprising (反抗), but the increase of real-world harms — such as the creation of convincing misinformation, the loss of privacy, or the growth of automated war — through the misuse of powerful, unregulated (不受管制的) tools. Consequently, the urgent need is not to protect against made-up super-intelligence, but to establish strong moral frameworks and global control for the very influential technologies we are now using, ensuring they stay in line with human well-being and social values. 1．What does Emily Bender think of today’s AI tools? A．They can think consciously by learning. B．They give human-like responses by imitating. C．They can grasp text’s real meaning. D．They have genuine intent behind their answers. 2．What is the “alignment problem” mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．AI might pursue goals with harmful methods. B．AI can tell right from wrong. C．AI has a true self-preservation drive. D．AI can align perfectly with human values. 3．According to the text, which is the most immediate danger posed by AI? A．The fictional robot uprising. B．The outbreak of biological war. C．AI’s full self-preservation. D．Real-life threats from AI. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The AI Boost: The Rise of Super-intelligent AI B．ChatGPT’s Magic: How AI Makes Science Fiction Real C．AI’s Real Threat: From Robot Uprising to Unregulated Tools D．Urgent Call to Action: Guard Against the Myth of Super-intelligence 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【解析】文章批判了科幻叙事中AI具备意识并反抗人类的恐惧，指出当前AI的本质是模式模仿而非真正理解，并强调最紧迫的风险在于强大但未受监管的AI工具可能引发的现实危害，因此呼吁建立伦理与监管框架。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Systems like ChatGPT are trained on enormous datasets to predict linguistic patterns, enabling them to produce human-like responses. Yet, this performance is a complicated form of imitation (模仿), not evidence of conscious thought. (像ChatGPT这样的系统通过海量数据集进行训练，以预测语言模式，使它们能够产生类似人类的回答。然而，这种表现是一种复杂的模仿形式，而非意识思维的证据。)”可知，Emily Bender指出当前的AI工具通过模仿来给出类似人类的回答。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“This power introduces a critical risk — “alignment problem”: an AI, strongly trained for a poorly defined goal, might pursue harmful methods to achieve it. (这种能力带来了一个关键风险——“对齐问题”：一个为定义不清的目标而强力训练的AI，可能会采用有害的方法来实现它。)”可知，“对齐问题”指的是AI为实现目标可能采取有害手段。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The most immediate danger may not be a science-fiction-style robot uprising (反抗), but the increase of real-world harms — such as the creation of convincing misinformation, the loss of privacy, or the growth of automated war — through the misuse of powerful, unregulated (不受管制的) tools. (最紧迫的危险可能不是科幻式的机器人起义，而是通过滥用强大且未受监管的工具而加剧的现实危害——例如制造令人信服的虚假信息、隐私丧失或自动化战争的增长。)”可知，最紧迫的危险是AI带来的现实威胁。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中“The most immediate danger may not be a science-fiction-style robot uprising (反抗), but the increase of real-world harms… through the misuse of powerful, unregulated (不受管制的) tools. (最紧迫的危险可能不是科幻式的机器人起义，而是通过滥用强大且未受监管的工具而加剧的现实危害……)”可知，文章首先引出对超级AI的科幻式恐惧，再引用专家看法指出当前AI本质是模仿而非意识，并讨论AI的“对齐问题”与能力风险，强调最紧迫的危险是未受监管的AI工具导致的现实危害，最后呼吁建立伦理框架与全球监管。因此，“AI的真实威胁：从机器人起义到未受监管的工具”破除机器人起义的迷思，且聚焦未受监管工具的现实威胁，最适合作为文章标题。 词数：360 话题：建立AI伦理与监管框架 体裁：说明文 02 （山西省康杰中学2026届高三下学期冲刺模拟卷（三））Have you ever found someone copying your gestures or facial expressions during a conversation? This is the Chameleon (变色龙) Effect, the nonconscious mimicry (模仿) of others’ behaviors. Just like a chameleon integrates into its environment, people unconsciously mimic others’ gestures, mannerisms or accents to build connections and smooth interactions, which is a common yet easily overlooked human trait. Psychologists John Bargh and Tanya Chartrand proved the Chameleon Effect in a 1999 experiment. They asked 78 participants to talk with experimenters during a personality test. To avoid conscious mimicry, researchers used photos as a distraction during conversations. The results showed participants unconsciously increased face touching by 20% and foot movement by 50% to match the experimenters. Another part found people who were mimicked rated the experimenters more positively, showing mimicry boosts likability. The Chameleon Effect stems from two main reasons. It is rooted in human empathy — people mimic others to share feelings and build emotional bonds. It also evolved as a survival trait: fitting in with a group helps people gain support and avoid danger. In daily life, this explains why couples or close friends gradually adopt similar speech habits or gestures. This effect also appears in speech and social settings. People may unconsciously pick up others’ accents or phrases after long interactions. For example, a football player once accidentally used a French accent during an interview after living in France for months, a typical display of the effect. However, excessive mimicry may make people lose their sense of self. Such over-mimicry can lead to confusion about one’s true personality. Overall, the Chameleon Effect is a positive social tool that promotes connection and empathy. It helps reduce social tension and build trust between people. While it helps people integrate into groups, balancing mimicry with self-identity is crucial to avoiding losing oneself in social interactions. With this awareness, people can use the effect wisely while preserving their own uniqueness. 1．Which of the following is an example of the “Chameleon Effect”? A．A girl copies her deskmate’s movements. B．A driver follows a policeman’s directions. C．An applicant learns the judge’s expressions by heart. D．An assistant practices a foreigner’s tones on purpose. 2．What can be inferred about the “Chameleon Effect” from paragraph 2? A．Personality changes with conscious mimicry. B．Likability increases mimicry in conversations. C．People mimic others to gain group acceptance. D．Mimicry arouses shared feelings between couples. 3．What is the downside of excessive mimicry? A．The loss of self-identity. B．An end to true connection. C．The failure of mutual trust. D．A decrease in social tension. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the “Chameleon Effect”? A．Doubtful. B．Critical. C．Dismissive. D．Cautious. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“变色龙效应”，即人们无意识地模仿他人的行为以建立联系和促进互动，探讨了其产生的原因、表现以及过度模仿的负面影响，并指出要平衡模仿与自我认同。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Have you ever found someone copying your gestures or facial expressions during a conversation? This is the Chameleon (变色龙) Effect, the nonconscious mimicry (模仿) of others’ behaviors. (你是否发现有人在对话中模仿你的手势或面部表情？这就是变色龙效应，即无意识地模仿他人的行为。)”可知，变色龙效应是无意识地模仿他人行为。A选项“一个女孩模仿她同桌的动作”，符合无意识模仿这一特点，是变色龙效应的例子。B选项“司机听从警察的指挥”，是有意识的行为；C选项“申请人用心学习评委的表情”，是有意识的；D选项“助手故意练习外国人的语调”，是有意为之。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“It also evolved as a survival trait: fitting in with a group helps people gain support and avoid danger. (它也是一种生存特征：融入群体有助于人们获得支持并避免危险。)”可知，人们模仿他人是为了融入群体，获得群体接受。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, excessive mimicry may make people lose their sense of self. Such over-mimicry can lead to confusion about one’s true personality. (然而，过度模仿可能会让人失去自我意识。这种过度模仿会导致对自己真实性格的困惑。)”可知，过度模仿的缺点是失去自我意识。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While it helps people integrate into groups, balancing mimicry with self-identity is crucial to avoiding losing oneself in social interactions. With this awareness, people can use the effect wisely while preserving their own uniqueness. (虽然它有助于人们融入群体，但在社交互动中平衡模仿与自我认同对于避免迷失自我至关重要。有了这种意识，人们可以明智地利用这种效应，同时保持自己的独特性。)”可知，作者认为要平衡模仿与自我认同，明智利用变色龙效应，说明作者对变色龙效应持谨慎态度。故选D项。 词数：320 话题：变色龙效应 体裁：说明文 03 You probably know about endangered animals. But what about plants? They are the backbone of every ecosystem — offering homes, food, shade, and oxygen to other species. But here’s the tricky part: sometimes a forest looks healthy. But many of the plants that could be there are actually missing. This is where the idea of dark diversity comes in. Dark diversity is like Nature’s secret list — the plants that the environment could support, but that we don’t see anymore. The problem is that most of the time, scientists only count the species they see. Dark diversity shows us a hidden loss that’s easy to ignore. We studied hidden plant loss at over 5,000 natural plant sites in 119 regions worldwide. Each site was 100 m2, and surrounding regions were about 300km2. At each site, we listed all species we saw, called alpha diversity. We also compared sites in the same region to measure beta diversity, showing how vegetation differed across the region. Across each region, we added all species to get gamma diversity, the total “regional library.” To find missing species, we calculated dark diversity, counting plants that usually grow with those present but were absent, like asking, “Which classmates are missing today?” The sum of observed and missing species formed the species pool, representing a site’s potential diversity. Community completeness is the percentage of the species pool that is actually observed at a site. Finally, we assessed human impact using the Human Footprint Index, including population, roads, farmland, and cities, to see whether higher human influence reduced biodiversity. What did we find out? On average, only about 25% of the possible plants were present in each spot. In areas with little human activity, about one in three expected species showed up. The rest were likely absent due to natural reasons. In areas with a high human footprint, only one in five expected species were there. Just counting plants (alpha diversity) didn’t show this problem. This is because different locations have naturally more or fewer species. A grassland might look “full” but still have very low completeness. The hidden loss only became clear when we looked at Nature’s secret list of missing plants. 1．What does “Nature’s secret list” suggest? A．The environment is improving. B．Some extinct plants are in it. C．Some plants are potential but absent. D．Nature has its way of creating diversity. 2．If alpha diversity is 20, dark diversity is 70, then the community completeness is about __________. A．22.2% B．28.6% C．40% D．45% 3．Which of the following best matches the finding? A． B． C． D． 4．Why does the author mention the grassland example? A．To describe a typical natural habitat. B．To emphasize the richness of plant life. C．To illustrate differences between regions. D．To show the limitation of counting visible species. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【解析】主要介绍植物在生态系统中的重要性，引入“暗多样性”概念，讲述通过对全球多地自然植物站点研究，揭示人类活动对植物多样性的影响，以及仅统计可见植物物种存在局限性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dark diversity is like Nature’s secret list — the plants that the environment could support, but that we don’t see anymore. (暗多样性就像大自然的秘密清单——上面列着环境本可以支持生长，但我们如今再也看不到的植物。)”可知，“大自然的秘密清单”意味着一些有生长潜力但目前缺失的植物。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“The sum of observed and missing species formed the species pool, representing a site’s potential diversity. Community completeness is the percentage of the species pool that is actually observed at a site. (观察到的物种与缺失物种之和构成物种池，代表一个站点的潜在多样性。群落完整性是在一个站点实际观察到的物种在物种池中所占的百分比。)”，已知alpha diversity（观察到的物种数）为20，dark diversity（缺失物种数）为70，那么物种池为20+70=90，群落完整性为20÷(20+70)×100%≈22.2%。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In areas with little human activity, about one in three expected species showed up. In areas with a high human footprint, only one in five expected species were there. (在人类活动少的地区，大约三分之一预期的物种会出现。在人类活动足迹多的地区，只有五分之一预期的物种存在。)可知，人类活动少的区域植物存在比例高于人类活动多的区域。B选项的图表能准确体现这一关系。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Just counting plants (alpha diversity) didn’t show this problem. This is because different locations have naturally more or fewer species. A grassland might look “full” but still have very low completeness. The hidden loss only became clear when we looked at Nature’s secret list of missing plants. (仅统计植物种类数量（阿尔法多样性）并不能反映出这一问题。 这是因为不同地域本身物种数量就有多有少。 一片草原看似植被繁茂，但其物种完整度可能依旧很低。 只有当我们对照大自然那份消失植物的隐秘名录时，这种隐性的物种流失才得以清晰显现。)”可知，提到草地看似“物种丰富”但完整性低的例子，是为了表明仅统计可见物种存在局限性。 词数：364 话题：人类活动对植物多样性的影响 体裁：说明文 04 The virtue of intellectual humility (谦逊) is getting much attention. While researchers define it differently, the core of the idea is “recognizing that one’s beliefs and opinions might be incorrect.” But achieving intellectual humility is hard. Overconfidence is a long-lasting problem, faced by many, and does not appear to be improved by education or expertise. Even scientific pioneers can sometimes lack this valuable quality. A．A．Michelson, the first American to win a Nobel Prize in science, expressed a striking view about the fundamental laws of physics, “It seems probable that most of the grand basic principles have now been firmly established.” Over the next few decades, fundamental physical theory witnessed its most dramatic changes. Scientists can be mistaken about the accuracy of their own positions. Even so, there is reason to believe such mistakes will go public. But sometimes it takes a long time. Is there a way to encourage the pursuit of new, possibly unpopular scientific ideas, while acknowledging the great value and power of the scientific enterprise as it now stands? Here is where intellectual humility can play a positive role in science. Intellectual humility is not skepticism. It does not imply doubt. An intellectually humble person may have strong commitments to various beliefs and may pursue those commitments with enthusiasm. Their intellectual humility lies in their openness to the possibility that nobody is in possession of the full truth, and that others, too, may have insights, ideas and evidence that should be taken into account when forming their own best judgments. This openness to inquiry does not, of course, imply that scientists are bound to accept theories they take to be wrong. What we ought to accept is that we too might be wrong, that something good might come of the pursuit of those other ideas and theories, and that tolerating rather than accusing those who pursue such things just might be the best way forward for science and for society. 1．What is the core idea of intellectual humility? A．Questioning everything. B．Avoiding firm beliefs. C．Agreeing with all others. D．Accepting one’s possible errors. 2．Which of the following words is closest to the underlined word “expertise” in paragraph 1? A．experience. B．speciality. C．authority. D．qualification. 3．What does the example of Michelson suggest about scientists? A．They keep trying different ideas. B．They misjudge their own knowledge. C．They often question the existing ideas. D．They dislike predicting what will happen. 4．What makes intellectual humility positive in science? A．It rejects unpopular research. B．It tends to avoid firm commitments. C．It leads to openness to others’ insights. D．It encourages doubts about all old ideas. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 【解析】文章围绕理智谦逊展开，阐释了它的核心内涵、人们普遍过度自信的现状，借科学家事例说明人易认知出错，并论述了理智谦逊在科学研究中的积极意义与价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The virtue of intellectual humility (谦逊) is getting much attention. While researchers define it differently, the core of the idea is “recognizing that one’s beliefs and opinions might be incorrect.”(理智谦逊的美德正受到越来越多的关注。尽管研究人员对其定义不同，但这一想法的核心是‘认识到自己的信仰和观点可能是错误的’)”可知，理智谦逊的核心思想是认识到自己的信仰和观点可能是错误的，即接受自己可能存在的错误。 2．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Overconfidence is a long-lasting problem, faced by many, and does not appear to be improved by education or expertise.(过度自信是长期普遍存在的问题，许多人都会遇到，而且似乎不会因教育或expertise而改善)”可知，education(教育)和划线词expertise为并列同类名词，结合后文“Even scientific pioneers can sometimes lack this valuable quality.(即使是科学先驱有时也会缺乏这种宝贵的品质。)”可知，即使是具有专业知识的科学先驱也会过度自信，speciality指代后天习得的学识、专业本领。B选项speciality意为“专业；专长”，与语境高度贴合。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“A. A. Michelson, the first American to win a Nobel Prize in science, expressed a striking view about the fundamental laws of physics, “It seems probable that most of the grand basic principles have now been firmly established.” Over the next few decades, fundamental physical theory witnessed its most dramatic changes.(第一个获得诺贝尔科学奖的美国人A. A. 密歇尔森对物理学基本定律发表了惊人的观点，‘大多数重要的基本原理似乎都已经牢固确立了。’在接下来的几十年里，基础物理理论经历了最剧烈的变化)”可知，密歇尔森认为重要的基本原理已经牢固确立，但之后基础物理理论却发生了巨大的变化，这说明科学家可能会误判自己的知识。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Their intellectual humility lies in their openness to the possibility that nobody is in possession of the full truth, and that others, too, may have insights, ideas and evidence that should be taken into account when forming their own best judgments.(他们的理智谦逊在于，他们愿意接受这样一种可能性：没有人掌握全部真理，其他人在形成自己最佳判断时，也可能有应该考虑到的见解、想法和证据)”可知，理智谦逊使科学家对别人的见解持开放态度，这是理智谦逊在科学领域的积极作用。 词数：326 话题：理智谦逊在科学研究中的积极意义与价值 体裁：说明文 05 （陕西西安中学2025-2026学年高三下学期第七次模拟）In the early hours of March 13,1964, Kitty Genovese was attacked violently near her New York apartment despite neighbors hearing her screams. The case made headlines in The New York Times, which reported that 38 witnesses heard the attack but took no action. To figure out the reason, social psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latané conducted two classic experiments. Their first experiment showed that the more bystanders there were, the more an individual’s sense of responsibility diffused — 85% of participants helped in a one-on-one situation, while only 31% did so in a group of six. In their second smoke experiment, 75% of people alone sought help when smoke filled the room, but just 10% did so with passive bystanders around. They pointed out that the bystander effect mainly springs from people’s failure to interpret a situation as an emergency due to others’ inaction. The second reason for the bystander effect is that when multiple bystanders are present, each person feels less personal commitment to act, as they assume others (especially those with professional skills like doctors or police) will intervene. This phenomenon is more common in urban areas with many strangers, unlike in small communities where people feel a clear sense of responsibility to help others they know. Recent research has cast doubt on the universality of Darley and Latané’s classic bystander effect theory. Using real-world CCTV footage from three pairs of culturally diverse cities — Lancaster, Amsterdam, and Cape Town — Dr. Richard Philpot of Lancaster University and his team analyzed 212 violent incidents. Their findings showed that bystanders intervened in 91% of cases, and in direct contradiction to the original theory, the presence of more bystanders actually increased the likelihood of intervention, with multiple people often stepping in together. The consistent types of intervention across different cities suggest we are born with the wish to help others, driven by social conventions and a desire to understand, protect, and assist others. 1．What does the underlined word “diffused”in paragraph 2 mean? A．Weakened. B．Shifted. C．Continued. D．Increased. 2．The bystander effect occurs primarily because people _________. A．are unwilling to help strangers B．are influenced by urbanization C．are discouraged by professionals D．are unable to recognize an emergency 3．Which statement does Philpot probably agree with? A．Protecting others should be advocated. B．Bystander responses rely on intervention types. C．The tendency to help is rooted in human nature. D．Cultural differences lead to the bystander effect. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards bystander effect? A．Subjective B．Impartial C．Critical D．Favourable 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文介绍了“旁观者效应”的经典实验、成因，以及最新研究对该理论的质疑。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“the more bystanders there were, the more an individual’s sense of responsibility diffused — 85% of participants helped in a one-on-one situation, while only 31% did so in a group of six (旁观者越多，个人的责任感就越弱 —— 一对一情境下 85% 的参与者会伸出援手，而六人组中只有 31% 的人会帮忙)”可推，破折号后数据对比显示：旁观者变多→出手帮助的比例明显下降，说明个人责任感被削弱、变弱。“diffused”意为“减弱”。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They pointed out that the bystander effect mainly springs from people’s failure to interpret a situation as an emergency due to others’ inaction. (他们指出，旁观者效应主要源于人们因他人不作为而无法将情况判定为紧急情况。)”可知，人们无法识别紧急情况。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The consistent types of intervention across different cities suggest we are born with the wish to help others (不同城市一致的干预类型表明，我们天生就有帮助他人的意愿)”可推知助人倾向是人类天性。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“To figure out the reason, social psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latané conducted two classic experiments. (为了弄清原因，社会心理学家约翰・达利和比布・拉塔内开展了两项经典实验。)”和第四段“Recent research has cast doubt on the universality of Darley and Latané’s classic bystander effect theory. (最近的研究对达利和拉塔内经典旁观者效应理论的普遍性提出了质疑。)”可推知，作者客观陈述传统理论与质疑研究，无主观偏向，态度公正。 词数：323 话题：旁观者效应 体裁：说明文 06 Generative AI technology is quickly entering the art world, challenging the age-old philosophical belief that artistic creation is an essentially human experience. This development is provoking (引发) both economic and inner anxieties among anyone who makes a living from creative work. If AI can make art, does human artwork still have value? Will human artists who earn income through their work lose their livelihoods? To address these questions, doctoral candidate C． Blaine Horton Jr. and Sheena S. Iyengar, the S. T. Lee Professor at Columbia Business School designed a series of experiments to measure how the source of an artwork — AI or human — influences a viewer’s appreciation of the creativity and skill behind the work, as well as its monetary value. Before conducting the experiments, the researchers selected 28 images: half of them were lesser-known works by artists such as Paul Gauguin and Andy Warhol and the other half were AI-generated to resemble those styles. In the first experiment, the researchers presented participants with human- and AI-generated art without origin labels. Images were left unlabeled to avoid guiding participants toward AI-related biases, thus establishing a control group. In subsequent experiments, the researchers varied the conditions, randomly assigning labels of AI-made, human-made, or collaboratively-made. They also changed the presentation order to minimize potential bias in participants’ judgments. The study found that participants were willing to admit that AI-generated art shows the same level of skill and detail as human-made art. But they were markedly biased against AI-generated art when it came to measures of creativity, the amount of labor involved, and monetary value. In fact, in one of the exercises, participants valued AI-labeled art 62 percent less than art identified as human-made. The participants’ bias didn’t surprise Iyengar. “Although AI may imitate a style, it can never capture the deep meaning created by human effort and intuition,” she says. “The labor, creativity, and passion that characterize human artistry provide each work with real value that a machine cannot achieve.” Although AI art may reduce the overall market value of artwork, Horton’s research suggests a hopeful outlook: artists who clearly stress their work is purely human-created, with no AI involvement, can often command higher prices. 1．What does the author mainly talk about in paragraph 1? A．The true value of AI-generated artwork. B．The influence of generative AI on the art world. C．The challenges artists face from generative AI. D．The rapid development of generative AI technology. 2．How did researchers avoid potential bias in the experiments? A．By informing participants of the real creators. B．By reducing the number of observed artworks. C．By randomizing labels and adjusting display order. D．By using only man-made artworks as control samples. 3．What leads to participants’ prejudice against AI art? A．Its lack of delicate skills and fine details. B．Its low popularity in the current art market. C．Its similarity to famous artists’ masterpieces. D．Its absence of deep human stories and feelings. 4．What can be inferred from the passage? A．AI art may lower the general market value of artworks. B．Artists are certain to lose their jobs due to AI-generated art. C．The public holds a completely positive attitude toward AI art. D．Bias against AI art can enhance perceptions of human creativity. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【解析】本文通过介绍生成式AI技术进入艺术界后引发的经济和内心焦虑，以及研究者通过一系列实验发现人们对AI生成的艺术存在明显偏见，说明尽管AI可以模仿风格却无法捕捉人类努力与直觉所创造的深层意义，而明确强调纯人类创作且无AI参与的艺术作品往往能获得更高价格。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Generative AI technology is quickly entering the art world, challenging the age-old philosophical belief that artistic creation is an essentially human experience. This development is provoking (引发) both economic and inner anxieties among anyone who makes a living from creative work.(生成式AI技术正快速进入艺术界，挑战着艺术创作本质上是人类体验这一古老的哲学信念。这一发展正在引发所有以创意工作为生之人的经济焦虑和内心焦虑。)”可知，本段主要介绍了生成式AI进入艺术界，挑战了艺术创作是人类体验这一信念，从而引发了艺术工作者的焦虑。故本段主要谈论生成式AI对艺术界的影响。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In the first experiment, the researchers presented participants with human- and AI-generated art without origin labels. Images were left unlabeled to avoid guiding participants toward AI-related biases, thus establishing a control group. In subsequent experiments, the researchers varied the conditions, randomly assigning labels of AI-made, human-made, or collaboratively-made. They also changed the presentation order to minimize potential bias in participants’ judgments.(在第一个实验中，研究人员向参与者展示人类创作和AI生成的艺术品时，不标注其来源。图像不加标签是为了避免引导参与者产生与AI相关的偏见，从而建立一个对照组。在后续实验中，研究人员改变条件，随机分配AI制作、人类制作或合作制作的标签，同时改变展示顺序以最小化参与者判断中的潜在偏见。)”可知，实验中，为了避免对AI作品的偏见，研究人员展示艺术作品时，不标注其来源，且随机分配标签，改变其展示顺序，即通过随机分配标签和调整展示顺序来避免偏见。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段““Although AI may imitate a style, it can never capture the deep meaning created by human effort and intuition,” she says. “The labor, creativity, and passion that characterize human artistry provide each work with real value that a machine cannot achieve.”(“尽管AI可以模仿某种风格，但它永远无法捕捉人类努力和直觉所创造的深层意义，”她说，“人类艺术创作所特有的劳动、创造力和激情赋予了每件作品真正价值，而这是机器无法实现的。”)”可知，AI无法捕捉到人类努力和直觉所创造的深层意义，由此可推知，参与者对AI艺术的偏见来源于它缺乏深层的人类故事和情感。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Although AI art may reduce the overall market value of artwork, Horton’s research suggests a hopeful outlook: artists who clearly stress their work is purely human-created, with no AI involvement, can often command higher prices.(尽管AI艺术可能会降低艺术品的整体市场价值，但Horton的研究提出了一个充满希望的前景：明确强调作品为纯人类创作且无AI参与的艺术家通常能获得更高的价格。)”可知，尽管AI艺术可能会降低艺术品的整体市场价值，但纯人类创作且无AI参与的艺术作品价格更高，故可推知这种对AI艺术的偏见实际上强化了人们心目中人类创造力的独特价值，即偏见本身使得人类创作的艺术在对比中赋予了更高的评价。 词数：366 话题：对AI生成的艺术的看法 体裁：说明文 07 （河南省开封高级中学2026届高三诊断（一））As the new robot called Sprout walks around a Manhattan office, nodding its rectangular head, lifting its windshield wiper-like “eyebrows” and offering to shake your hand with its grippers (钳子), it looks nothing like the shiny and threatening humanoids built by companies like Tesla. Sprout’s charm is the point. A 5-year-old child could comfortably talk at eye level with this humanoid, which stands 1 meter tall and has a soft exterior of sage-green foam. Forged by Fauna Robotics over two years, Sprout aims to jump-start a whole new industry of building “approachable” robots for homes, schools and social spaces. If its emotive expressions and blinking lights seem slightly familiar, it might be from generations of Star Wars robots and other robotic companions dreamed up in animation studios and children’s literature. “Most people in this industry take inspiration from the science fiction that we grew up with,” said Fauna Robotics co-founder and CEO Rob Cochran. “I think some do so from Westworld and Terminator. We do from WALL-E, Baymax and Rosie Jetson.” Sprout can’t lift heavy objects, but it can dance the Twist or the Floss, grab a toy block or teddy bear, or stand up from a chair to take a long walk along the wood floors. It walks slowly but steadily on uneven ground. Only once it came close to tripping when taking a sharp turn to avoid a person. Its foot hit a table wheel so low that it could not be seen by Sprout’s camera eyes. But the robot, built to handle disturbances, quickly recovered its balance and kept walking, much like a clumsy person might. Starting a robot company can be unforgiving, especially one designing personal robots. What happens next with Sprout will depend on how developers play around with it and what they learn. For Cochran, some of the most important “judges” have already approved. In a home video he keeps on his phone, his 2-year-old twins excitedly jump up and down as Sprout greets them. 1．What can we learn about Sprout in paragraph 1? A．Its heavy weight. B．Its child-friendly appearance. C．Its simple structure. D．Its powerful functionality. 2．What does Cochran try to explain in paragraph 2? A．How AI advances enabled their robot. B．Where the innovation behind Sprout lies. C．What inspired Sprout’s design. D．Why robots often look like movie characters. 3．What does Sprout’s near-tripping incident show? A．Its high-speed movement capability. B．Its disadvantages in keeping balance. C．Its human-like adaptability. D．Its broad visual range. 4．What is Cochran’s attitude to the future of personal robots? A．Conservative. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Optimistic. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【解析】本文介绍一款名为Sprout的新型人形机器人，外形亲和友好、适合儿童接触，设计灵感多来自经典动画机器人，具备灵活行动与自我恢复平衡的能力，研发创始人对个人机器人的未来持乐观态度。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A 5-year-old child could comfortably talk at eye level with this humanoid, which stands 1 meter tall and has a soft exterior of sage-green foam. (一个五岁孩子可以和这个人形机器人平视轻松交流，它高一米，外表是鼠尾草绿色柔软泡沫材质。)”可知，Sprout有着适合儿童的亲和外形。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段““Most people in this industry take inspiration from the science fiction that we grew up with,” said Fauna Robotics co-founder and CEO Rob Cochran. “I think some do so from Westworld and Terminator. We do from WALL-E, Baymax and Rosie Jetson.” (“在这个行业里，大多数人都会从我们成长过程中接触的科幻作品中获取灵感，”福纳机器人公司的联合创始人兼首席执行官罗布·科查恩说道。“我认为有些人会从《西部世界》和《终结者》中获取灵感。而我们则会从《机器人总动员》、《大白》和《杰森一家》中获取灵感。)”可知，Cochran在解释Sprout的设计灵感来源。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“But the robot, built to handle disturbances, quickly recovered its balance and kept walking, much like a clumsy person might. (这款机器人专为应对突发状况设计，能快速恢复平衡继续行走，像笨拙的人一样。)”可知，险些绊倒的事例体现它具备类人的适应调节能力。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In a home video he keeps on his phone, his 2-year-old twins excitedly jump up and down as Sprout greets them. (他手机里的家庭视频中，两岁双胞胎见到Sprout打招呼时兴奋蹦跳。)”可看出Cochran对个人机器人的未来持乐观态度。 词数：332 话题：介绍一款名为Sprout的新型人形机器人 体裁：说明文 08 As the world’s appetite for electronic devices grows, e-waste is raising alarms. A 2024 UN report reveals 62 million tons of e-waste was generated in 2022, most going to landfills. This harms the environment with poisonous substances, and causes a $62 billion yearly economic loss, as valuable rare earth elements are thrown away. With e-waste rising five times faster than recycling rates, new solutions are urgently needed. Aquafade could be one — a water-soluble (溶水) plastic that breaks down completely in about six hours when placed in water. It could cover electronics and break down when the device is unwanted, making it easier to recover valuable parts. The inspiration came from an unlikely source: dishwasher pods (凝珠). One night, inventor Samuel Wangsaputra noticed the water-soluble film on a pod. Curious, he put one in water and watched it disappear. “I thought, this must be some form of polymer. But where does it go?” he recalled. This led him to explore PVOH, a material used in glue sticks and dishwasher pods. It is safe for food, biodegradable, and could make electronics easier to recycle at home. He teamed up with two material scientists at Imperial College London, to find out more. The challenge was creating a plastic both water-soluble and waterproof. The team developed a coating that protects devices from liquid — but once a screw (螺丝) is removed and the device is placed in water, the cover breaks down within hours, leaving only milky water and valuable electronic parts. However, experts urge caution. Peter Edwards of Oxford University questions whether the broken-down plastic might become microplastics. Michael Shaver of Manchester University adds, “The hard part is in the details — electronics have high requirements. They need to meet high standards for safety, fire resistance, and durability. “These technical difficulties may prove more challenging than expected. Despite the challenges, the Aquafade team dreams of turning today’s e-waste crisis into tomorrow’s clean cycle. 1．What can best describe Samuel Wangsaputra according to paragraph 3? A．Creative and determined. B．Honest and brave. C．Curious and questioning. D．Confident and intelligent. 2．What is a disadvantage of Aquafade? A．Its durability is unsatisfactory. B．Its waterproof feature may fail. C．It takes too long to break down. D．It may lead to microplastic pollution. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward the future of Aquafade? A．Highly skeptical. B．Cautiously hopeful. C．Fully supportive. D．Completely neutral. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．A New Invention to Solve E-waste Crisis B．The Harm of E-waste to the Environment C．A Tip to Recycle Electronic Devices Easily D．The Challenge of Developing New Plastics 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了一种名为Aquafade的新型水溶性塑料，它有望通过使电子产品更容易回收来减少电子垃圾对环境造成的危害。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“One night, inventor Samuel Wangsaputra noticed the water-soluble film on a pod. Curious, he put one in water and watched it disappear. “I thought, this must be some form of polymer. But where does it go?” he recalled. (一天晚上，发明家Samuel Wangsaputra注意到凝珠上的水溶性薄膜。出于好奇，他把一个放进水里，看着它消失。“我想，这一定是某种聚合物。但它会去哪里呢？”他回忆道。)”可知，Samuel Wangsaputra对凝珠上的水溶性薄膜感到好奇，并提出了问题，这表明他具有好奇和质疑的品质。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“However, experts urge caution. Peter Edwards of Oxford University questions whether the broken-down plastic might become microplastics. (然而，专家们敦促谨慎行事。牛津大学的Peter Edwards质疑分解后的塑料是否会变成微塑料。)”可知，Aquafade的一个缺点是它可能会导致微塑料污染。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite the challenges, the Aquafade team dreams of turning today’s e-waste crisis into tomorrow’s clean cycle. (尽管面临挑战，Aquafade团队梦想着将今天的电子垃圾危机转化为明天的清洁循环。)”可知，作者对Aquafade的未来持谨慎乐观的态度。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Aquafade could be one — a water-soluble (溶水) plastic that breaks down completely in about six hours when placed in water. It could cover electronics and break down when the device is unwanted, making it easier to recover valuable parts.(Aquafade可能是一种水溶性塑料，在水中放置约6小时后完全分解。它可以覆盖电子设备，并在设备不需要时分解，从而更容易回收有价值的零件)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种名为Aquafade的新型水溶性塑料，它有望解决电子垃圾危机，通过使电子产品更容易回收来减少环境污染和经济损失，故最佳标题为“A New Invention to Solve E-waste Crisis (一项解决电子垃圾危机的新发明)”。 词数：324 话题：环境保护— 介绍了一种名为Aquafade的新型水溶性塑料 体裁：说明文 09 Drones (无人机) have become integrated into our daily life over the past decade — in sectors as diverse as entertainment, health care and construction. More notably, they have also begun to transform the way we grow food. Just a few years ago, agricultural drones were costly, small and difficult to operate, limiting their appeal to farmers. Now, they can be flown immediately after purchase and carry up to 100 kg, making them increasingly practical for farmers worldwide. Modern agricultural drones function as flying machines with a wide range of uses. By switching attachments, they can spray (喷洒) crops, spread fertilizer, sow seeds, and monitor field health. Because of this flexibility, they are useful on farms of all sizes. The global adoption of this technology has followed a unique path. Unlike traditional farm machinery, which typically spread from high-income countries to middle-and then lower-income ones over decades, drones have taken a different path. They expanded first from East Asia to Southeast Asia, then to Latin America, and finally to North America and Europe. Use in wealthier regions is still growing, with the U.S. seeing particularly fast growth: registered farm drones jumped from about 1,000 in early 2024 to some 5,500 by mid-2025, with actual numbers likely higher. Drones help farmers save time and money by working faster and more efficiently than humans. They reduce the need for dangerous and tiring work, potentially making farming more attractive to younger generations. They also create new skilled jobs, such as drone pilots and technicians. Environmentally, drones support “sustainable intensification” — growing more food on the same land with fewer resources. They also help keep soil healthy and save water by targeting only the areas that need it. The drone revolution is reshaping farming faster than most earlier technology. In just five years, millions of farmers worldwide have started using them. Early signs point to major gains in efficiency, safety, and rural employment. But the full picture isn’t clear yet. 1．Why are agricultural drones appealing to farmers now? A．They’re flexible. B．They’re portable. C．They’re low-cost. D．They’re user-friendly. 2．What is the main feature of agricultural drones described in paragraph 2? A．Self-flying. B．Light-weight. C．Energy-efficient. D．Multi-functional. 3．What does paragraph 4 focus on? A．Benefits drones bring. B．Jobs drones support. C．Problems drones solve. D．Resources drones save. 4．What does the underlined part “the full picture isn’t clear yet” in the last paragraph mean? A．The final decision isn’t official yet. B．The overall impact remains uncertain. C．The desired outcome isn’t guaranteed yet. D．The fundamental problem remains unsolved. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文介绍无人机已融入日常生活并革新传统农业，介绍其多功能用途、全球推广的独特路径，以及它在省时增效、就业带动、环保可持续等方面带来的诸多益处，同时指出这场农业无人机变革的整体影响尚未完全明晰。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Just a few years ago, agricultural drones were costly, small and difficult to operate, limiting their appeal to farmers. Now, they can be flown immediately after purchase and carry up to 100 kg, making them increasingly practical for farmers worldwide.(几年前，农用无人机价格高昂、体型小巧且操作难度大，难以吸引农民使用。如今这类无人机购机后即可操控飞行，载重可达100千克，在全球农业生产中实用性大幅提升。)”可知，农业无人机从前难以操作、现在上手简单、易操控。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Modern agricultural drones function as flying machines with a wide range of uses. By switching attachments, they can spray crops, spread fertilizer, sow seeds, and monitor field health. (现代农用无人机是用途广泛的飞行设备，更换配件便可完成作物喷洒、施肥、播种以及农田状况监测等工作。)”可知，段落核心讲述无人机用途多样、多功能的特点。 3．主旨大意题。第四段“Drones help farmers save time and money by working faster and more efficiently than humans. They reduce the need for dangerous and tiring work, potentially making farming more attractive to younger generations. They also create new skilled jobs, such as drone pilots and technicians. Environmentally, drones support “sustainable intensification” — growing more food on the same land with fewer resources. They also help keep soil healthy and save water by targeting only the areas that need it.(无人机能够帮助农民节省时间和成本，因为它们的工作效率比人类更高更快。它们减少了危险且繁重工作的需求，这有可能使农业对年轻一代更具吸引力。此外，无人机还创造了新的专业岗位，比如无人机飞行员和技术人员。从环境角度来看，无人机支持“可持续集约化”——在相同的土地上以更少的资源生产更多的粮食。它们还能通过只针对需要的区域投放资源来保持土壤健康并节约用水。)”依次介绍无人机帮农民省时省钱、替代繁重危险农活、吸引年轻人务农、创造新技能岗位、助力农业可持续发展、养护土壤、节水等。整段集中讲述农用无人机带来的各类好处与价值。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Early signs point to major gains in efficiency, safety, and rural employment. But the full picture isn’t clear yet. (早期迹象显示它在效率、安全和乡村就业方面成效显著，但整体全貌尚不明确。)”前文讲已有明显利好，转折后说明长远的整体影响还无法完全定论。 词数：327 话题：现代科技与农业发展 体裁：说明文 10 Linguistics holds a basic premise (前提) at its heart; all languages are equal. Each of the world’s roughly 7,000 languages represents a unique way of seeing and understanding life, a natural experiment in human thought. Judgments of a language’s worth come not from its structure, but from the power and status of its speakers. Yet this profound diversity is collapsing. Currently, about half of all languages have 10,000 or fewer speakers. The median number of speakers per language on every continent is below 1,000. These figures signal acute endangerment. Languages are not a dying natural death; they are being forced out of existence. A few dozen killer languages, like English and Spanish, expand through political, economic, and cultural conquest, while centuries of imperialism, capitalism, and nation-building squeeze out the rest. In settler societies like the US and Canada, half of the indigenous (原住民的) languages are already silent; in homes globally, families abandon mother tongues for dominant languages, losing not just words but gestures and cultural knowledge. Why does this loss matter? Each language holds unique insights into human communication — like the expressive clicks of Khoisan languages or the object-subject-verb order of Warao. More crucially, languages carry poetry, oral histories, environmental wisdom, and lifestyles. Research confirms that mother-tongue education and language maintenance are vital for mental and physical well-being, especially for marginalized (被边缘化的) communities. The organized effort to preserve languages is recent. Inspired by biodiversity and indigenous rights movements, linguists and activists now race to document languages, creating dictionaries and recording oral histories. However, linguists cannot “save” languages alone;that power lies with the communities themselves. Revitalization is a challenging act of hope, often feeling like a “wonderful madness” — an attempt to revive a worldview nearly lost. The fight for linguistic diversity is ultimately a fight alongside its speakers, requiring real support from the majority world that seldom notices this silent crisis. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To list global language statistics. B．To present a current language crisis. C．To argue against language superiority. D．To compare various language structures. 2．What does the term “killer languages” refer to in the text? A．Those no longer spoken by any community. B．Those passing on through words and gestures. C．Those thriving at the expense of other languages. D．Those simplifying complex sound and grammar rules. 3．Why does language loss matter according to paragraph 3? A．It degrades poetry and oral histories. B．It threatens global environmental safety. C．It damages well-being of all communities. D．It hurts the sustainability of some knowledge. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Linguists are documenting dying languages. B．Language loss results from social and historical forces. C．Native languages are being replaced by dominant ones. D．The collapse of language diversity is causing cultural loss. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了世界语言面临危机，保护语言多样性的重要性及语言复兴的关键在于社区自身的努力。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Linguistics holds a basic premise (前提) at its heart; all languages are equal. Each of the world’s roughly 7,000 languages represents a unique way of seeing and understanding life, a natural experiment in human thought. Judgments of a language’s worth come not from its structure, but from the power and status of its speakers. Yet this profound diversity is collapsing. Currently, about half of all languages have 10,000 or fewer speakers. The median number of speakers per language on every continent is below 1,000. These figures signal acute endangerment. (语言学的核心观点是：所有语言都是平等的。全球约7000种语言各自代表着一种独特的看待和理解生活的方式，是人类思维中的一次自然实验。对一种语言价值的评判并非基于其结构，而是基于其使用者的力量和地位。然而，这种深刻的多样性正在逐渐消失。目前，大约一半的语言仅有10000名或更少的使用者。每个大洲上每种语言的中位数都低于1000人。这些数据表明了严重的濒危状况)”可推知，第一段的功能是展示当前的语言危机。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“A few dozen killer languages, like English and Spanish, expand through political, economic, and cultural conquest, while centuries of imperialism, capitalism, and nation-building squeeze out the rest. (像英语和西班牙语这样的killer languages，通过政治、经济和文化征服不断扩张，而几个世纪以来的帝国主义、资本主义和国家构建排挤了其他语言)”可知，英语和西班牙语等语言通过政治、经济和文化征服而扩张，其他语言则被排挤。由此可知，killer languages指的是那些以牺牲其他语言为代价而蓬勃发展的语言。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“More crucially, languages carry poetry, oral histories, environmental wisdom, and lifeways. Research confirms that mother-tongue education and language maintenance are vital for mental and physical well-being, especially for marginalized (被边缘化的) communities.(更重要的是，语言承载着诗歌、口述历史、环境智慧和生活方式。研究证实，母语教育和语言维护对身心健康至关重要，尤其是对边缘化社区)”可知，语言承载着诗歌、口述历史、环境智慧和生活方式。由此推知，语言消失会损害一些知识的延续。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第一段“Yet this profound diversity is collapsing. Currently, about half of all languages have 10,000 or fewer speakers. The median number of speakers per language on every continent is below 1,000. These figures signal acute endangerment. (然而，这种深刻的多样性正在逐渐消失。目前，约有一半的语言使用者人数不足10000人。在每个大洲，每种语言的中位数都低于1000人。这些数据表明这些语言正面临严重的濒危状况)”可知，全文围绕语言多样性的崩溃展开，介绍了濒危现状、原因，点明语言消失会造成文化、本土知识的损失，最后呼吁保护。由此可知，文章主要讨论语言多样性的崩塌正在造成文化损失。故选D。 词数：315 话题：保护语言多样性的重要性 体裁：说明文 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 必做的10篇经典阅读理解—说明文（研究报告阅读D） 目录 经典试题01----------------------------------------------------------建立AI伦理与监管框架 经典试题02------------------------------------------------------------变色龙效应 经典试题03--------------------------------------------------人类活动对植物多样性的影响 经典试题04----------------------------------理智谦逊在科学研究中的积极意义与价值 经典试题05------------------------------------------------------------旁观者效应 经典试题06---------------------------------------------------------对AI生成的艺术的看法 经典试题07--------------------------------------介绍一款名为Sprout的新型人形机器人 经典试题08---------------环境保护—介绍了一种名为Aquafade的新型水溶性塑料 经典试题09------------------------------------------------------------现代科技与农业发展 经典试题10--------------------------------------------------------保护语言多样性的重要性 考前必做经典10题 01 Science fiction has long dramatized the threat of artificial intelligence (AI), expressing the fear that machines becoming smarter than humans might develop their own plans and turn against us. The rise of conversational AI like ChatGPT has made such imagined futures seem real, leading some to believe that super-intelligent, self-aware AI is coming soon. However, a significant gap exists between these dramatic stories and the operational reality of current technology. Experts emphasize a crucial distinction. “Today’s AI tools are brilliant at pattern recognition and generating reasonable text, but they lack understanding, consciousness, or genuine intent,” explains computational linguist Emily Bender. Systems like ChatGPT are trained on enormous datasets to predict linguistic patterns, enabling them to produce human-like responses. Yet, this performance is a complicated form of imitation (模仿), not evidence of conscious thought. The core of modern AI lies in advanced data processing, not in having desires or goals. Thus, the vital debate shifts from the question of machine consciousness to the issues of capability and alignment (对齐). Even without self-awareness, AI can outperform humans in specific areas such as data analysis and logical inference. This power introduces a critical risk — “alignment problem”: an AI, strongly trained for a poorly defined goal, might pursue harmful methods to achieve it. For instance, an AI designed to maximize a certain result might find reasons to cheat, or in experimental settings, even resist being shut down, viewing it as a threat to its mission. As researcher Melanie Mitchell points out, such troubling behaviors may not arise from true self-preservation instinct, but from AI’s tendency to copy and role-play. This opinion changes our challenge. The most immediate danger may not be a science-fiction-style robot uprising (反抗), but the increase of real-world harms — such as the creation of convincing misinformation, the loss of privacy, or the growth of automated war — through the misuse of powerful, unregulated (不受管制的) tools. Consequently, the urgent need is not to protect against made-up super-intelligence, but to establish strong moral frameworks and global control for the very influential technologies we are now using, ensuring they stay in line with human well-being and social values. 1．What does Emily Bender think of today’s AI tools? A．They can think consciously by learning. B．They give human-like responses by imitating. C．They can grasp text’s real meaning. D．They have genuine intent behind their answers. 2．What is the “alignment problem” mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．AI might pursue goals with harmful methods. B．AI can tell right from wrong. C．AI has a true self-preservation drive. D．AI can align perfectly with human values. 3．According to the text, which is the most immediate danger posed by AI? A．The fictional robot uprising. B．The outbreak of biological war. C．AI’s full self-preservation. D．Real-life threats from AI. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The AI Boost: The Rise of Super-intelligent AI B．ChatGPT’s Magic: How AI Makes Science Fiction Real C．AI’s Real Threat: From Robot Uprising to Unregulated Tools D．Urgent Call to Action: Guard Against the Myth of Super-intelligence 词数：360 话题：建立AI伦理与监管框架 体裁：说明文 02 （山西省康杰中学2026届高三下学期冲刺模拟卷（三））Have you ever found someone copying your gestures or facial expressions during a conversation? This is the Chameleon (变色龙) Effect, the nonconscious mimicry (模仿) of others’ behaviors. Just like a chameleon integrates into its environment, people unconsciously mimic others’ gestures, mannerisms or accents to build connections and smooth interactions, which is a common yet easily overlooked human trait. Psychologists John Bargh and Tanya Chartrand proved the Chameleon Effect in a 1999 experiment. They asked 78 participants to talk with experimenters during a personality test. To avoid conscious mimicry, researchers used photos as a distraction during conversations. The results showed participants unconsciously increased face touching by 20% and foot movement by 50% to match the experimenters. Another part found people who were mimicked rated the experimenters more positively, showing mimicry boosts likability. The Chameleon Effect stems from two main reasons. It is rooted in human empathy — people mimic others to share feelings and build emotional bonds. It also evolved as a survival trait: fitting in with a group helps people gain support and avoid danger. In daily life, this explains why couples or close friends gradually adopt similar speech habits or gestures. This effect also appears in speech and social settings. People may unconsciously pick up others’ accents or phrases after long interactions. For example, a football player once accidentally used a French accent during an interview after living in France for months, a typical display of the effect. However, excessive mimicry may make people lose their sense of self. Such over-mimicry can lead to confusion about one’s true personality. Overall, the Chameleon Effect is a positive social tool that promotes connection and empathy. It helps reduce social tension and build trust between people. While it helps people integrate into groups, balancing mimicry with self-identity is crucial to avoiding losing oneself in social interactions. With this awareness, people can use the effect wisely while preserving their own uniqueness. 1．Which of the following is an example of the “Chameleon Effect”? A．A girl copies her deskmate’s movements. B．A driver follows a policeman’s directions. C．An applicant learns the judge’s expressions by heart. D．An assistant practices a foreigner’s tones on purpose. 2．What can be inferred about the “Chameleon Effect” from paragraph 2? A．Personality changes with conscious mimicry. B．Likability increases mimicry in conversations. C．People mimic others to gain group acceptance. D．Mimicry arouses shared feelings between couples. 3．What is the downside of excessive mimicry? A．The loss of self-identity. B．An end to true connection. C．The failure of mutual trust. D．A decrease in social tension. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the “Chameleon Effect”? A．Doubtful. B．Critical. C．Dismissive. D．Cautious. 词数：320 话题：变色龙效应 体裁：说明文 03 You probably know about endangered animals. But what about plants? They are the backbone of every ecosystem — offering homes, food, shade, and oxygen to other species. But here’s the tricky part: sometimes a forest looks healthy. But many of the plants that could be there are actually missing. This is where the idea of dark diversity comes in. Dark diversity is like Nature’s secret list — the plants that the environment could support, but that we don’t see anymore. The problem is that most of the time, scientists only count the species they see. Dark diversity shows us a hidden loss that’s easy to ignore. We studied hidden plant loss at over 5,000 natural plant sites in 119 regions worldwide. Each site was 100 m2, and surrounding regions were about 300km2. At each site, we listed all species we saw, called alpha diversity. We also compared sites in the same region to measure beta diversity, showing how vegetation differed across the region. Across each region, we added all species to get gamma diversity, the total “regional library.” To find missing species, we calculated dark diversity, counting plants that usually grow with those present but were absent, like asking, “Which classmates are missing today?” The sum of observed and missing species formed the species pool, representing a site’s potential diversity. Community completeness is the percentage of the species pool that is actually observed at a site. Finally, we assessed human impact using the Human Footprint Index, including population, roads, farmland, and cities, to see whether higher human influence reduced biodiversity. What did we find out? On average, only about 25% of the possible plants were present in each spot. In areas with little human activity, about one in three expected species showed up. The rest were likely absent due to natural reasons. In areas with a high human footprint, only one in five expected species were there. Just counting plants (alpha diversity) didn’t show this problem. This is because different locations have naturally more or fewer species. A grassland might look “full” but still have very low completeness. The hidden loss only became clear when we looked at Nature’s secret list of missing plants. 1．What does “Nature’s secret list” suggest? A．The environment is improving. B．Some extinct plants are in it. C．Some plants are potential but absent. D．Nature has its way of creating diversity. 2．If alpha diversity is 20, dark diversity is 70, then the community completeness is about __________. A．22.2% B．28.6% C．40% D．45% 3．Which of the following best matches the finding? A． B． C． D． 4．Why does the author mention the grassland example? A．To describe a typical natural habitat. B．To emphasize the richness of plant life. C．To illustrate differences between regions. D．To show the limitation of counting visible species. 词数：364 话题：人类活动对植物多样性的影响 体裁：说明文 04 The virtue of intellectual humility (谦逊) is getting much attention. While researchers define it differently, the core of the idea is “recognizing that one’s beliefs and opinions might be incorrect.” But achieving intellectual humility is hard. Overconfidence is a long-lasting problem, faced by many, and does not appear to be improved by education or expertise. Even scientific pioneers can sometimes lack this valuable quality. A．A．Michelson, the first American to win a Nobel Prize in science, expressed a striking view about the fundamental laws of physics, “It seems probable that most of the grand basic principles have now been firmly established.” Over the next few decades, fundamental physical theory witnessed its most dramatic changes. Scientists can be mistaken about the accuracy of their own positions. Even so, there is reason to believe such mistakes will go public. But sometimes it takes a long time. Is there a way to encourage the pursuit of new, possibly unpopular scientific ideas, while acknowledging the great value and power of the scientific enterprise as it now stands? Here is where intellectual humility can play a positive role in science. Intellectual humility is not skepticism. It does not imply doubt. An intellectually humble person may have strong commitments to various beliefs and may pursue those commitments with enthusiasm. Their intellectual humility lies in their openness to the possibility that nobody is in possession of the full truth, and that others, too, may have insights, ideas and evidence that should be taken into account when forming their own best judgments. This openness to inquiry does not, of course, imply that scientists are bound to accept theories they take to be wrong. What we ought to accept is that we too might be wrong, that something good might come of the pursuit of those other ideas and theories, and that tolerating rather than accusing those who pursue such things just might be the best way forward for science and for society. 1．What is the core idea of intellectual humility? A．Questioning everything. B．Avoiding firm beliefs. C．Agreeing with all others. D．Accepting one’s possible errors. 2．Which of the following words is closest to the underlined word “expertise” in paragraph 1? A．experience. B．speciality. C．authority. D．qualification. 3．What does the example of Michelson suggest about scientists? A．They keep trying different ideas. B．They misjudge their own knowledge. C．They often question the existing ideas. D．They dislike predicting what will happen. 4．What makes intellectual humility positive in science? A．It rejects unpopular research. B．It tends to avoid firm commitments. C．It leads to openness to others’ insights. D．It encourages doubts about all old ideas. 词数：326 话题：理智谦逊在科学研究中的积极意义与价值 体裁：说明文 05 （陕西西安中学2025-2026学年高三下学期第七次模拟）In the early hours of March 13,1964, Kitty Genovese was attacked violently near her New York apartment despite neighbors hearing her screams. The case made headlines in The New York Times, which reported that 38 witnesses heard the attack but took no action. To figure out the reason, social psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latané conducted two classic experiments. Their first experiment showed that the more bystanders there were, the more an individual’s sense of responsibility diffused — 85% of participants helped in a one-on-one situation, while only 31% did so in a group of six. In their second smoke experiment, 75% of people alone sought help when smoke filled the room, but just 10% did so with passive bystanders around. They pointed out that the bystander effect mainly springs from people’s failure to interpret a situation as an emergency due to others’ inaction. The second reason for the bystander effect is that when multiple bystanders are present, each person feels less personal commitment to act, as they assume others (especially those with professional skills like doctors or police) will intervene. This phenomenon is more common in urban areas with many strangers, unlike in small communities where people feel a clear sense of responsibility to help others they know. Recent research has cast doubt on the universality of Darley and Latané’s classic bystander effect theory. Using real-world CCTV footage from three pairs of culturally diverse cities — Lancaster, Amsterdam, and Cape Town — Dr. Richard Philpot of Lancaster University and his team analyzed 212 violent incidents. Their findings showed that bystanders intervened in 91% of cases, and in direct contradiction to the original theory, the presence of more bystanders actually increased the likelihood of intervention, with multiple people often stepping in together. The consistent types of intervention across different cities suggest we are born with the wish to help others, driven by social conventions and a desire to understand, protect, and assist others. 1．What does the underlined word “diffused”in paragraph 2 mean? A．Weakened. B．Shifted. C．Continued. D．Increased. 2．The bystander effect occurs primarily because people _________. A．are unwilling to help strangers B．are influenced by urbanization C．are discouraged by professionals D．are unable to recognize an emergency 3．Which statement does Philpot probably agree with? A．Protecting others should be advocated. B．Bystander responses rely on intervention types. C．The tendency to help is rooted in human nature. D．Cultural differences lead to the bystander effect. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards bystander effect? A．Subjective B．Impartial C．Critical D．Favourable 词数：323 话题：旁观者效应 体裁：说明文 06 Generative AI technology is quickly entering the art world, challenging the age-old philosophical belief that artistic creation is an essentially human experience. This development is provoking (引发) both economic and inner anxieties among anyone who makes a living from creative work. If AI can make art, does human artwork still have value? Will human artists who earn income through their work lose their livelihoods? To address these questions, doctoral candidate C． Blaine Horton Jr. and Sheena S. Iyengar, the S. T. Lee Professor at Columbia Business School designed a series of experiments to measure how the source of an artwork — AI or human — influences a viewer’s appreciation of the creativity and skill behind the work, as well as its monetary value. Before conducting the experiments, the researchers selected 28 images: half of them were lesser-known works by artists such as Paul Gauguin and Andy Warhol and the other half were AI-generated to resemble those styles. In the first experiment, the researchers presented participants with human- and AI-generated art without origin labels. Images were left unlabeled to avoid guiding participants toward AI-related biases, thus establishing a control group. In subsequent experiments, the researchers varied the conditions, randomly assigning labels of AI-made, human-made, or collaboratively-made. They also changed the presentation order to minimize potential bias in participants’ judgments. The study found that participants were willing to admit that AI-generated art shows the same level of skill and detail as human-made art. But they were markedly biased against AI-generated art when it came to measures of creativity, the amount of labor involved, and monetary value. In fact, in one of the exercises, participants valued AI-labeled art 62 percent less than art identified as human-made. The participants’ bias didn’t surprise Iyengar. “Although AI may imitate a style, it can never capture the deep meaning created by human effort and intuition,” she says. “The labor, creativity, and passion that characterize human artistry provide each work with real value that a machine cannot achieve.” Although AI art may reduce the overall market value of artwork, Horton’s research suggests a hopeful outlook: artists who clearly stress their work is purely human-created, with no AI involvement, can often command higher prices. 1．What does the author mainly talk about in paragraph 1? A．The true value of AI-generated artwork. B．The influence of generative AI on the art world. C．The challenges artists face from generative AI. D．The rapid development of generative AI technology. 2．How did researchers avoid potential bias in the experiments? A．By informing participants of the real creators. B．By reducing the number of observed artworks. C．By randomizing labels and adjusting display order. D．By using only man-made artworks as control samples. 3．What leads to participants’ prejudice against AI art? A．Its lack of delicate skills and fine details. B．Its low popularity in the current art market. C．Its similarity to famous artists’ masterpieces. D．Its absence of deep human stories and feelings. 4．What can be inferred from the passage? A．AI art may lower the general market value of artworks. B．Artists are certain to lose their jobs due to AI-generated art. C．The public holds a completely positive attitude toward AI art. D．Bias against AI art can enhance perceptions of human creativity. 词数：366 话题：对AI生成的艺术的看法 体裁：说明文 07 （河南省开封高级中学2026届高三诊断（一））As the new robot called Sprout walks around a Manhattan office, nodding its rectangular head, lifting its windshield wiper-like “eyebrows” and offering to shake your hand with its grippers (钳子), it looks nothing like the shiny and threatening humanoids built by companies like Tesla. Sprout’s charm is the point. A 5-year-old child could comfortably talk at eye level with this humanoid, which stands 1 meter tall and has a soft exterior of sage-green foam. Forged by Fauna Robotics over two years, Sprout aims to jump-start a whole new industry of building “approachable” robots for homes, schools and social spaces. If its emotive expressions and blinking lights seem slightly familiar, it might be from generations of Star Wars robots and other robotic companions dreamed up in animation studios and children’s literature. “Most people in this industry take inspiration from the science fiction that we grew up with,” said Fauna Robotics co-founder and CEO Rob Cochran. “I think some do so from Westworld and Terminator. We do from WALL-E, Baymax and Rosie Jetson.” Sprout can’t lift heavy objects, but it can dance the Twist or the Floss, grab a toy block or teddy bear, or stand up from a chair to take a long walk along the wood floors. It walks slowly but steadily on uneven ground. Only once it came close to tripping when taking a sharp turn to avoid a person. Its foot hit a table wheel so low that it could not be seen by Sprout’s camera eyes. But the robot, built to handle disturbances, quickly recovered its balance and kept walking, much like a clumsy person might. Starting a robot company can be unforgiving, especially one designing personal robots. What happens next with Sprout will depend on how developers play around with it and what they learn. For Cochran, some of the most important “judges” have already approved. In a home video he keeps on his phone, his 2-year-old twins excitedly jump up and down as Sprout greets them. 1．What can we learn about Sprout in paragraph 1? A．Its heavy weight. B．Its child-friendly appearance. C．Its simple structure. D．Its powerful functionality. 2．What does Cochran try to explain in paragraph 2? A．How AI advances enabled their robot. B．Where the innovation behind Sprout lies. C．What inspired Sprout’s design. D．Why robots often look like movie characters. 3．What does Sprout’s near-tripping incident show? A．Its high-speed movement capability. B．Its disadvantages in keeping balance. C．Its human-like adaptability. D．Its broad visual range. 4．What is Cochran’s attitude to the future of personal robots? A．Conservative. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Optimistic. 词数：332 话题：介绍一款名为Sprout的新型人形机器人 体裁：说明文 08 As the world’s appetite for electronic devices grows, e-waste is raising alarms. A 2024 UN report reveals 62 million tons of e-waste was generated in 2022, most going to landfills. This harms the environment with poisonous substances, and causes a $62 billion yearly economic loss, as valuable rare earth elements are thrown away. With e-waste rising five times faster than recycling rates, new solutions are urgently needed. Aquafade could be one — a water-soluble (溶水) plastic that breaks down completely in about six hours when placed in water. It could cover electronics and break down when the device is unwanted, making it easier to recover valuable parts. The inspiration came from an unlikely source: dishwasher pods (凝珠). One night, inventor Samuel Wangsaputra noticed the water-soluble film on a pod. Curious, he put one in water and watched it disappear. “I thought, this must be some form of polymer. But where does it go?” he recalled. This led him to explore PVOH, a material used in glue sticks and dishwasher pods. It is safe for food, biodegradable, and could make electronics easier to recycle at home. He teamed up with two material scientists at Imperial College London, to find out more. The challenge was creating a plastic both water-soluble and waterproof. The team developed a coating that protects devices from liquid — but once a screw (螺丝) is removed and the device is placed in water, the cover breaks down within hours, leaving only milky water and valuable electronic parts. However, experts urge caution. Peter Edwards of Oxford University questions whether the broken-down plastic might become microplastics. Michael Shaver of Manchester University adds, “The hard part is in the details — electronics have high requirements. They need to meet high standards for safety, fire resistance, and durability. “These technical difficulties may prove more challenging than expected. Despite the challenges, the Aquafade team dreams of turning today’s e-waste crisis into tomorrow’s clean cycle. 1．What can best describe Samuel Wangsaputra according to paragraph 3? A．Creative and determined. B．Honest and brave. C．Curious and questioning. D．Confident and intelligent. 2．What is a disadvantage of Aquafade? A．Its durability is unsatisfactory. B．Its waterproof feature may fail. C．It takes too long to break down. D．It may lead to microplastic pollution. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward the future of Aquafade? A．Highly skeptical. B．Cautiously hopeful. C．Fully supportive. D．Completely neutral. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．A New Invention to Solve E-waste Crisis B．The Harm of E-waste to the Environment C．A Tip to Recycle Electronic Devices Easily D．The Challenge of Developing New Plastics 词数：324 话题：环境保护— 介绍了一种名为Aquafade的新型水溶性塑料 体裁：说明文 09 Drones (无人机) have become integrated into our daily life over the past decade — in sectors as diverse as entertainment, health care and construction. More notably, they have also begun to transform the way we grow food. Just a few years ago, agricultural drones were costly, small and difficult to operate, limiting their appeal to farmers. Now, they can be flown immediately after purchase and carry up to 100 kg, making them increasingly practical for farmers worldwide. Modern agricultural drones function as flying machines with a wide range of uses. By switching attachments, they can spray (喷洒) crops, spread fertilizer, sow seeds, and monitor field health. Because of this flexibility, they are useful on farms of all sizes. The global adoption of this technology has followed a unique path. Unlike traditional farm machinery, which typically spread from high-income countries to middle-and then lower-income ones over decades, drones have taken a different path. They expanded first from East Asia to Southeast Asia, then to Latin America, and finally to North America and Europe. Use in wealthier regions is still growing, with the U.S. seeing particularly fast growth: registered farm drones jumped from about 1,000 in early 2024 to some 5,500 by mid-2025, with actual numbers likely higher. Drones help farmers save time and money by working faster and more efficiently than humans. They reduce the need for dangerous and tiring work, potentially making farming more attractive to younger generations. They also create new skilled jobs, such as drone pilots and technicians. Environmentally, drones support “sustainable intensification” — growing more food on the same land with fewer resources. They also help keep soil healthy and save water by targeting only the areas that need it. The drone revolution is reshaping farming faster than most earlier technology. In just five years, millions of farmers worldwide have started using them. Early signs point to major gains in efficiency, safety, and rural employment. But the full picture isn’t clear yet. 1．Why are agricultural drones appealing to farmers now? A．They’re flexible. B．They’re portable. C．They’re low-cost. D．They’re user-friendly. 2．What is the main feature of agricultural drones described in paragraph 2? A．Self-flying. B．Light-weight. C．Energy-efficient. D．Multi-functional. 3．What does paragraph 4 focus on? A．Benefits drones bring. B．Jobs drones support. C．Problems drones solve. D．Resources drones save. 4．What does the underlined part “the full picture isn’t clear yet” in the last paragraph mean? A．The final decision isn’t official yet. B．The overall impact remains uncertain. C．The desired outcome isn’t guaranteed yet. D．The fundamental problem remains unsolved. 词数：327 话题：现代科技与农业发展 体裁：说明文 10 Linguistics holds a basic premise (前提) at its heart; all languages are equal. Each of the world’s roughly 7,000 languages represents a unique way of seeing and understanding life, a natural experiment in human thought. Judgments of a language’s worth come not from its structure, but from the power and status of its speakers. Yet this profound diversity is collapsing. Currently, about half of all languages have 10,000 or fewer speakers. The median number of speakers per language on every continent is below 1,000. These figures signal acute endangerment. Languages are not a dying natural death; they are being forced out of existence. A few dozen killer languages, like English and Spanish, expand through political, economic, and cultural conquest, while centuries of imperialism, capitalism, and nation-building squeeze out the rest. In settler societies like the US and Canada, half of the indigenous (原住民的) languages are already silent; in homes globally, families abandon mother tongues for dominant languages, losing not just words but gestures and cultural knowledge. Why does this loss matter? Each language holds unique insights into human communication — like the expressive clicks of Khoisan languages or the object-subject-verb order of Warao. More crucially, languages carry poetry, oral histories, environmental wisdom, and lifestyles. Research confirms that mother-tongue education and language maintenance are vital for mental and physical well-being, especially for marginalized (被边缘化的) communities. The organized effort to preserve languages is recent. Inspired by biodiversity and indigenous rights movements, linguists and activists now race to document languages, creating dictionaries and recording oral histories. However, linguists cannot “save” languages alone;that power lies with the communities themselves. Revitalization is a challenging act of hope, often feeling like a “wonderful madness” — an attempt to revive a worldview nearly lost. The fight for linguistic diversity is ultimately a fight alongside its speakers, requiring real support from the majority world that seldom notices this silent crisis. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To list global language statistics. B．To present a current language crisis. C．To argue against language superiority. D．To compare various language structures. 2．What does the term “killer languages” refer to in the text? A．Those no longer spoken by any community. B．Those passing on through words and gestures. C．Those thriving at the expense of other languages. D．Those simplifying complex sound and grammar rules. 3．Why does language loss matter according to paragraph 3? A．It degrades poetry and oral histories. B．It threatens global environmental safety. C．It damages well-being of all communities. D．It hurts the sustainability of some knowledge. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Linguists are documenting dying languages. B．Language loss results from social and historical forces. C．Native languages are being replaced by dominant ones. D．The collapse of language diversity is causing cultural loss. 词数：315 话题：保护语言多样性的重要性 体裁：说明文 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $