专题04 阅读理解（说明文）（山东专用）2026年中考英语一模分类汇编

专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （2026·山东日照岚山·调研）Student development courses are widely discussed recently. Two deputies to the National People’s Congress (人大代表) share their views on some of the recent hot topics about teenagers: Wang Chunyan I think it is good to set farming courses for teenagers. In Fengxian district, grade 7 students take part in a two-day farming program every spring. In the fields, they learn about different crops, how to plant and water them, and how to carry shoulder poles(扁担). These activities help them understand how hard it is to grow food and why we should avoid waste. Learning by doing is better than being told what to do. Such lessons do not take time away from main subjects. Instead, they let students experience real life and develop new ways of thinking. Wan Quan AI can help teachers improve their lessons, but students should not use it in all situations. One problem is that AI makes mistakes. It may give wrong information that looks correct. Teenagers are still learning to judge information, so they may easily believe what AI says. The main goal of education is to help students solve problems on their own. Depending too much on AI may harm their creative thinking. Also, not everyone has the same AI tools, which could make education less fair. We should be careful and test ideas step by step. 1．What activity do grade 7 students do during the two-day farming program in Fengxian district? A．Use AI to identify different crops. B．Carry shoulder poles. C．Spend more time on main subjects. 2．According to Wan Quan, what is one problem if students depend too much on AI? A．It may harm their creative thinking. B．It will make them dislike farming. C．It can help them judge information better. 3．Which isnot the topic of the two deputies’ speeches? A．The importance of learning by doing. B．The problems of depending too much on AI. C．How to improve students’ test scores. Passage 2 Water Trick! (2026·山东省淄博市·一模)Can you turn a glass of water upside down without spilling (洒出) the water? ★ Why: The card stays in place because the air pressure pushing up on it balances the force of gravity (重力) pulling the water down. 1．Which step is the most important to make the experiment work? A．① B．② C．③ 2．What will happen when you finish the four steps? A．The water will remain in the glass. B．The water will fill the glass completely. C．The water will spill out of the glass. 3．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．In a book review. B．In a film newspaper. C．In a science magazine. Passage 3 (25-26九·山东菏泽单县·一模)Now foreigners from many countries can stay in China for 240 hours without a visa (签证). The number of foreign visitors is increasing. Susan, from Canada, visited Shanghai and Hangzhou. During her stay, she found it was so convenient (便利的) in China. When she ordered food at the hotel, a robot helper would make its way to her room. That saved time. Ordering food became easy for her. When she traveled around the cities, she found there was no need to use cash (现金). She could travel everywhere with just a phone. “Chinese food drives me to visit China,” said Kevin, a visitor from the US. In Beijing, he tasted some local delicacies. For example, he tried Beijing duck for the first time and found it so nice. He also went to the Great Wall and felt like he was in ancient China. These days, this policy (政策) received a warm welcome. More and more foreign visitors come to China to experience the lives of Chinese people. China has become a hot place to go to. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1．（2026·山东临沂罗庄区·模拟）How many cities did Susan visit in China? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. 2．（2026·山东临沂罗庄区·模拟）What did Susan think of ordering food at the hotel? A．It was noisy. B．It was easy. C．It was famous. 3．（2026·山东临沂罗庄区·模拟）What does the underlined word “delicacies” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Special places. B．Comfortable hotels. C．Delicious foods. 4．（2026·山东临沂罗庄区·模拟）Why do more and more foreign visitors come to China? A．To watch different kinds of robots. B．To develop new interests and hobbies. C．To experience the lives of Chinese people. Passage4 （2026·济南天桥区·一模）Wu Hongbo, a visitor from Dalian, recently used AI to plan a tour of Shanxi. By telling the AI app about his travel plans, he received a week-long plan made just for him covering transportation, places of interest and hotel information. As a martial arts (武术) novel fan, Wu had long dreamed of visiting Yanmen Pass, a part of the Great Wall featured in his favorite stories. The app recommended (推荐) just that, alongside other cool cultural spots and local dishes. “This AI plan surprised me,” Wu said. “The recommendations perfectly matched my taste, deepening my understanding of Shanxi.” As travelers look for trips that fit their personal interests, AI “digital (电子的) guides” are helping to make travel planning faster and of higher quality. On Chinese social media (媒体), plans such as “DeepSeek’s five-day trip to Shandong” and “AI’s two-day trip to Chengdu” are becoming very popular. During a trip, AI can also give real-time guidance. With voice and location technology, the AI guide is just like a personal guide. It tells visitors the history, culture and special features of the places of interest. Liu Xilei, a visitor from Hebei province, did not ask for a human tour guide when he visited the Jinci Temple in Taiyuan. Instead, he used the AI chatbot Doubao as his tour guide. Liu said he learned a lot about the temple’s history, buildings and culture. The travel app Mafengwo has started an “AI Local Guide” programme. It asks local people who have lived there for over five years to train the AI, giving each guide its own local style. For example, the AI in Fujian recommends small restaurants with ginger duck, while the one in Guizhou helps people find the best spicy food. “These AI tour guides show the true spirit of a city,” said Mafengwo’s Sun Yunlei. “In the future, AI tour guides will work with human guides. Together, they will provide better and more personal travel services and make trips more wonderful,” said Li Xinjian from Beijing International Studies University. 1. Why was Wu Hongbo shocked by the AI travel plan? A．Because it lowered his travel cost. B．Because it fit his interests perfectly. C．Because it shortened his travel time. D．Because it covered all tourist hotspots. 2．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．A week-long travel plan. B．Martial arts novel. C．Visiting Yanmen Pass. D．Using the AI app. 3．How does Mafengwo train its AI guides? A．By collecting tourists’ reviews. B．By inviting travel experts to help. C．By studying historical travel data. D．By using the local people’s wisdom. 4．What is Li Xinjian’s view on AI tour guides? A．They enrich tourist experiences. B．They reduce travel risks greatly. C．They compete with human guides. D．They make places of interest popular. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．How to use AI chatbots in daily life. B．Where to find AI chatbots in travel. C．AI travel plans are popular on social media. D．AI helps make travel easier and more personal. 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 (25-26九·山东菏泽单县·一模)In recent years, “silver-haired tourism” has become a hot topic in China. With over 310 million people aged 60 and above, older adults are exploring new ways to enjoy their later years. Unlike traditional tours that rush from place to place, silver-haired travel focuses on slow-paced plans, cultural experiences and relaxing. The elderly today (born in the 1950s and 1960s) are healthier, more educated, and expect to try new things. For example, Grandma Li from Shanghai recently joined a 12-day cruise (邮轮旅行) to Japan. “We visited ancient buildings, tried local foods, and even danced with new friends on board,” she said, “It was like a dream!” Silver-haired travel isn’t just fun—it’s also good for health. Studies show that traveling improves memory and reduces stress in older adults. In Hainan, a popular place for winter vacations, the elderly enjoy beach walks, yoga classes, and traditional art. “Staying active keeps my mind working,” shared by Mr. Wang. Silver-haired tourism makes differences to local areas. In places like Chengdu and Hangzhou, hotels and restaurants now offer elderly-friendly services, such as easy-to-read menus and walking tours. The industry also creates jobs for tour guides, care-givers, and transportation workers. Moreover, it challenges thoughts about aging. In Xi’an, elderly tourists lead groups to the Terracotta Army, sharing stories that are not written in books. “Hearing their experiences was unforgettable,” said a 15-year-old volunteer. Experts predict silver-haired tourism will grow into a $100 billion industry by 2030. Technology companies are developing apps with voice guides and danger alarms for the elderly. Cities like Suzhou are designing “slow travel” routes (路线) with parks, museums, and tea houses. As the aging population grows bigger, silver-haired tourism shows that growing older doesn’t mean slowing down. It’s a chance to experience, connect, and create memories. Whether boating down the Li River or dancing in Tokyo, the elderly are telling the world that age is just a number. 1．What does the underlined wordslow-paced in paragraph 1 mean? A．Fast and meaningful. B．Cheap and interesting. C．Relaxing and unhurried. 2．What do silver-haired tourists usually do during their trips? A．Rush to visit many places quickly. B．Enjoy slow activities like beach walks. C．Stay in hotels all day and talk a lot. 3．Why is traveling helpful for older adults’ health according to the passage? A．It improves memory and cuts down stress. B．It makes them stronger and live longer. C．It gives them more money and free time. 4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a future plan for silver-haired tourism? A．Apps with voice guides and alarms. B．“Slow travel” routes in more cities. C．Free travel for all old people. Passage 2 (25-26·山东青岛西海岸新区·一模)Every year on 22nd April, we celebrate Earth Day all around the world, reminding people worldwide to protect our planet. It started in 1970 when millions of Americans came together to fight against pollution and environmental damage (破坏). This first Earth Day led to new environmental laws and inspired people in over 190 countries to take action. Of all kinds of pollution, plastic pollution is now a serious problem. What is plastic pollution? Many things we use every day are made of plastic. The plastic that humans use every year weighs the same as 30 million elephants! When it is thrown away, most plastic ends up in the oceans and rivers. Plastic pollution is harming our planet. When plastic is in the oceans or rivers, fish and other sea animals can get trapped (卡住) or eat it by mistake. This is very harmful to the animals and can even kill them. Plastic bags are killing over 100,000 fish and birds every year. By the year 2050, there could be more plastic in the world’s oceans than fish! Plastic is very strong, and it takes more than 400 years to disappear. ▲ There are lots of things we can all do to help end plastic pollution. We need to remember the three “Rs”. It is important to first try to “reduce” our use of plastics, such as refusing plastic bags and cups. Then “reuse” as much as possible, like using clean water bottles again and again. The last one is to “recycle” plastic waste, for example, by turning used plastic into new things. This has a good influence on the environment. 1．What was the result of the first Earth Day? A．New environmental laws were made. B．It drew people’s attention to plastic. C．Many Americans set up an organization. D．It solved all kinds of pollution problems. 2．Why is plastic pollution harmful to sea animals? A．Because plastic makes the ocean water too warm. B．Because plastic is widely used in people’s daily life. C．Because plastic stops sea animals from moving or kills them. D．Because plastic makes sea animals swim even more quickly. 3．According to the passage, which picture should be placed at the question mark? A． B． C． D． 4．Which is a “reduce” action? A．Put rubbish into different bins. B．Collect plastic waste and sell it. C．Clean plastic boxes and use them again. D．Buy fewer plastic bottles in daily life. 5．Which sentence can be put in ▲ ? A．What actions can we take? B．What causes plastic pollution? C．Why is there plastic pollution? D．When will plastic pollution disappear? Passage 3 （2026·山东济宁兖州·一模）Can you imagine a world without the color pink? It might be hard, but it’s true that pink wasn’t always a popular color. A long time ago, in the 18th century, pink was actually a fashionable color for rich people in Europe. Both men and women wore pink clothes. They thought it showed luxury (奢华) because pink was not a natural color and it was made from expensive dyes. However, things changed in the 20th century. In the 1940s and 1950s, shops and advertisers started to tell people that pink is for girls and blue is for boys. This was a new idea. Before that, baby clothes were usually white because they were easy to wash. But after World War II, this idea of “pink for girls” became very popular, especially in America. Even the First Lady, Mamie Eisenhower, loved pink, which made the color even more famous. Today, pink is for everyone again! Many people, boys and girls, men and women, like to wear pink. It’s a color that can mean many things: love, kindness, fun, or just a favorite color. So remember, colors don’t belong to any gender (性别). You wear pink clothes just because you love it! 1．In the 18th century, who wore pink in Europe? A．Only poor people. B．Only rich women. C．Only girls. D．Both rich men and women. 2．What does the underlined word “dyes” in Para. 2 mean? A．价格 B．身份 C．染料 D．款式 3．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of the color pink. B．How to make pink dyes. C．Why boys don’t like pink. D．The most popular color in Europe. 主题03 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （2026·山东潍坊·一模）China has made some changes in its food labels (标签) recently and three of them have become a heated topic. To begin with, the government requires that food labels should be made easier and clearer to read, and that information such as sugar, salt and unhealthy fats be clearly included on the label. By doing so, the government hopes this will encourage healthier eating habits among people. At the same time, it is required that common allergens (过敏原) should be included on the label as well, which will possibly help people avoid risks. Another new requirement is that labels such as “no additives (添加剂)” or “zero additives” should no longer be allowed. The government says labels like these have already led shoppers to believe that a product is healthy when it is in fact not. Take a famous food company as an example. In order to increase sales, the label “zero additives” was added to its products, proving there were no harmful things. However, recently the label has been questioned. Tests have found small amounts of harmful additives in its products. Many people came to believe the “zero” label was just a marketing lie. The use of digital labels is also worth noticing. Companies are being advised to have QR codes (二维码) included on food labels. This allows customers to get more information about the product. This is helpful for people who want to learn more about what they are eating. More than 400 products have already used this smart labeling system. Food safety has always been among the top concerns for every Chinese. By making these changes in food labels, China hopes to help people make healthier and safer food choices. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Food producers refuse changes in food labels. B．Food labels are required to be easier and clearer. C．Healthier eating habits will encourage clearer labels. 2．Why is a food company mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To introduce the food company to shoppers. B．To show that some labels can mislead shoppers. C．To compare “zero additives” labels with digital ones. 3．As a food company manager, which action best follows the new rules? A．Hide sugar and salt information. B．Add a QR code for more product details. C．Use “zero additives” to attract customers. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To warn customers about the dangers of food additives. B．To question food companies for using misleading labels. C．To introduce several new food labeling requirements in China. Passage 2 (2025·浙江省杭州市·三模)There’s a long list of unpleasant things about flying on planes, like waiting in line and sitting in the middle seat. And here’s another one that troubles a lot or us: getting blocked (堵住的) ears. It’s also sometimes called “airplane ear”. But why do we get it? It happens because of changes in air pressure. When a plane takes off and moves higher, the air pressure outside our ears goes down quickly because the air is thinner at higher places. However, there is still air from ground level inside our ears. This air is thicker and at a higher pressure. So there is a difference in pressure between the air inside our ears and outside our ears. Air pressure changes can make the air in our ears push on the eardrum (耳膜). This happens because air moves from high-pressure areas to low-pressure ones. The pressure makes our ears feel blocked. When the air comes out, our ears “pop” and feel normal again. So how to deal with it? Drinking water, swallowing (吞咽) or eating hard sweets can help to clear our ears. The air inside our ears is in the eustachian tube (咽鼓管), which connects the middle ear to the back of the nose and throat. Swallowing helps encourage this tube to open a little wider, which helps let out the air inside our ears. However, swallowing don’t always work. Our ears sometimes stay blocked for longer, which may hurt. If your ears take a really long time to clear even when you get off the plane, you may need to see a doctor. 1．What causes the feeling of blocked ears during a flight? A．The loud sound from the airplane. B．Air pressure changes around the ears. C．Too much water drunk before flying. D．The low temperature inside the airplane. 2．What is the correct order of how airplane ear happens? a. The eardrum is pushed by the higher-pressure air inside the ear. b. The air pressure outside the ear drops as the plane climbs. c. The ears feel blocked until the air inside is let out. d. There is a difference in pressure between the inside and outside of the ear. A．b→d→a→c B．b→d→c→a C．a→c→b→d D．a→c→d→b 3．Why does swallowing help unblock ears? A．It helps cool down the eardrum faster. B．It helps raise the air pressure in the ears. C．It helps lower the noise inside the airplane. D．It helps open the eustachian tube to let out the air. 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To advise people to avoid taking planes B．To introduce the structure of the human ears. C．To list problems people may have when flying. D．To explain the causes and solutions of airplane ear. 主题04 人与社会——文学、艺术与文化 Passage 1 (25-26九下·山东烟台芝罘区·一模)Qingming Festival, also called Tomb-Sweeping Day, is a traditional Chinese festival that people have celebrated for a very long time. As the fifth of the 24 solar terms (节气), it usually comes between April 4 and 6 each year. Around this time, the weather gets warmer, there is more rain, and everything in nature starts to grow. This festival has a history of thousands of years. In 2008, it became a national holiday in China, so people can have a day off to spend with their families. The most well-known custom is tomb-sweeping. Families visit their ancestors’ graves, clean the area, and place flowers to show respect and memory. This tradition teaches filial piety (孝道)—remembering and honoring our family members who came before us. Today, to protect the environment, many people also choose to offer flowers or even show their respect online, but the meaning remains the same. Besides tomb-sweeping, Qingming is also a time to enjoy spring. People go outside to see beautiful flowers and fly kites. Some believe that flying kites can bring good luck and help keep away bad things. In all, Qingming Festival is a special time that connects the past with the present. It is both a day to remember our ancestors and a day to welcome the new life of spring. It remains an important part of Chinese culture today. 1．When does Qingming Festival usually take place each year? A．Between March 20 and 22. B．Between April 4 and 6. C．Between May 5 and 7. D．At the beginning of spring. 2．What is the most important tradition during Qingming Festival? A．Flying kites for good luck. B．Enjoying spring flowers. C．Sweeping tombs and honoring ancestors. D．Having a family meal outdoors. 3．Today, people sometimes show respect in new ways, such as offering flowers online. What is the main reason for this change? A．It is better for the environment. B．It is more modern and popular. C．It is easier for young people. D．It is required by the government. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Qingming Festival is only about tomb-sweeping. B．Qingming Festival is the most important Chinese festival. C．Qingming Festival became a holiday recently. D．Qingming Festival mixes remembering the past and enjoying spring. Passage 2 （25-26九上·一调）Chinese New Year Painting, or nianhua in Chinese, is a kind of traditional painting to be put up on walls and windows during the Spring Festival. Its bright colors and different subjects show the Chinese people’s great expectations (期望) for happiness and wealth. Chinese New Year Painting is an old handicraft (手工艺品). Its original (最初的) form was a picture of the Door God during the Tang Dynasty. Later, more subjects such as the Kitchen God, women and babies were included. As the Chinese New Year arrives, every family puts up its New Year paintings in order to say goodbye to the past and welcome the future. One of the most famous woodblock (木刻版) New Year paintings comes from Yangjiabu of Shandong Province. It covers all kinds of themes (主题) and forms. They reflect people’s everyday life. As time went by, people found New Year paintings old-fashioned. Besides, they considered the Door God too scary to hang in their homes. They wanted something more artistic. So in the middle of the 1980s, the sales of New Year paintings dropped greatly. Usually, colorful woodblock New Year paintings are produced in four steps. Firstly, artists draw a simple sketch (素描) on the paper. Secondly, they make the simple sketch on the wood board and print a few samples (样品). Thirdly, they add color to the sample. Lastly, when the preparation is finished, the printers paint the color board and then put paper on the wood board and brush over the paper. Then the colorful woodblock New Year paintings are produced. There are four main themes in the Chinese New Year paintings. 1．What is the first form of Chinese New Year Paintings? A．A picture of babies. B．A picture of the Door God. C．A picture of the Kitchen God. 2．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．How artists add color to the sample. B．What woodblock New Year paintings mean. C．How artists make colorful woodblock New Year paintings. 3．What will the writer probably write next? A．The history of Chinese New Year Paintings. B．The development of Chinese New Year Paintings. C．The main themes of Chinese New Year Paintings. 4．In which part of a magazine can you probably read this passage? A．Culture. B．Nature. C．Education. 主题05 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2026·山东青岛莱西·一模）The rotating (旋转的) lantern, known in Chinese as Zou Ma Deng, is a traditional Chinese folk lantern. It is an early example of the use of heat principles (原理). The lantern had different names throughout history and even spread to other countries. Today, modern versions of Zou Ma Deng can still be found in toy shops. The Kongming lantern also works on the principles of heat. The difference is that it rises into the sky because hot air lifts it up, while the rotating lantern spins (快速旋转) in place because of air convection (对流). ①The frame of the lantern is traditionally made of bamboo or wood. ④ A small fan wheel is fixed above the axis. ⑤ A candle is lit under the fan wheel. The candle light shines on the paper cut-outs and projects their shadows onto the lampshade. ②A thin iron wire (铁丝) is placed in the centre as a turning axis (轴). ⑥ The heat from the candle warms the air. The hot air rises, and cool air replaces it: The moving air pushes the fan blades, causing the central axis to rotate. As the axis turns, the paper cut-outs move round and round, and their shadows appear to come alive. ③In the middle of the axis, two iron wires are crossed. Paper cut-outs of people, horses, and other figures are attached to their ends. The Development of the Rotating LanternQin and Han Dynasties The early form of such lanterns probably existed as early as the Qin Dynasty. Historical text describes a tall green jade (玉制) lamp shaped like a dragon in the Xianyang Palace. When it was lit, the dragon’s scales (鳞片) appeared to move. In the Han Dynasty, a craftsman named Ding Huan made a Boshan incense burner (香炉) that used rising hot air to make its decorations turn.Tang and Song Dynasties During the Tang Dynasty, rotating lanterns became very popular at the Lantern Festival. In the Song Dynasty, the lantern was also called the “Horse-Riding Lantern”. Because paper-cutting art developed greatly at this time, the lanterns became more delicate (精美的). In addition, the Lantern Festival celebrations were extended to five days, which helped the lantern spread widely among ordinary people.Ming and Qing Dynasties During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the themes of rotating lanterns continued to expand. New creative forms appeared, such as paper figures made from scallion stalks (葱草). Through trade, the rotating lantern was introduced to Persia (波斯), Europe, Japan and other regions. 1．What makes the central axis turn? A．The candle light. B．The paper cut-outs. C．The moving air. D．The iron wire. 2．How is the rotating lantern different from the Kongming lantern? A．It uses a candle. B．It stays in place. C．It is made of paper. D．It works on heat. 3．Why does the writer talk about the green jade lamp and the incense burner? A．To show how to make a lantern. B．To show the early use of hot air. C．To compare them with other lanterns. D．To explain why they were popular. 4．When did the rotating lantern become popular among common people? A．In the Qin Dynasty. B．In the Han Dynasty. C．In the Tang Dynasty. D．In the Song Dynasty. 5．What do we know about the rotating lantern in the Ming and Qing Dynasties? A．It used new materials. B．It was no longer popular. C．It had no paper cut-outs. D．It was only for the rich. Passage 2 (2026·山东省临沂市·一模)How far can bees travel to collect food? Scientists at Penn State University used an unusual method to track (追踪) honey bees. The work helps scientists learn more about how bees collect food and how far they travel. Researchers used simple codes called “AprilTags”, which are similar to QR codes (二维码). These codes are easy for cameras to track and work out, even when the lighting isn’t good. Over the spring and summer, the scientists marked over 32,000 young bees spread across six different hives (蜂巢). By placing a solar-powered camera and a tiny computer above the entrance to a hive, the researchers could track the movements of each marked bee. The new system (系统) gave the researchers a lot of information about the bees’ movements. They found that most trips outside the hive took 1 to 4 minutes. The scientists think these short trips were used for quick jobs like checking the weather. Most trips, even longer ones, were shorter than 20 minutes. But about 34% of the bees took trips that lasted longer than two hours. The scientists say this could show that the bees were making longer trips to collect food. The researchers noticed that the bees spent more time out collecting when there were fewer flowers around. The scientists were surprised by how long the bees lived. Before the study, scientists thought honey bees lived for about 28 days. But the marked bees didn’t start collecting food until they were around two weeks old. And the researchers discovered that the bees continued to collect food for six weeks after that. Scientists know that bees use a special “waggle dance” to communicate with each other about where to collect food. The researchers have analyzed their new tracking information to see how it matches up with these special movements. This may help beekeepers work with bees better. 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A．The life of honey bees. B．The way to track honey bees. C．The reason for studying honey bees. 2．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Bees’ checking the weather. B．Bees’ short flying trips. C．Bees’ flying trips over two hours. 3．What can we infer (推断) from Paragraph 4? A．Bees usually live only 28 days. B．Bees start to look for food when born. C．Bees can live longer than people thought. 4．hat wiWll the writer most probably talk about next? A．The ways of helping bees. B．The food of different bees. C．The connection between tracking data and waggle dances. Passage 3 （2026·山东临沂河东区·一模）Think about how things like the telephone and the Internet changed the world. They quickly went from being new inventions to a normal part of our everyday lives. Now, the same thing is happening with AI. Online search is moving from “finding information” to “getting answers”. In the past, typing a question into a search engine (搜索引擎) might give you pages of links. You’d have to click around to find what you need. Now, AI often jumps in immediately with a full answer at the top with a few helpful links to support it. For example, if you search Xiaohongshu for advice on visiting the Great Wall, AI can quickly summarize the top tips and create a travel guide just for you. Keeping track of your health used to mean going to the hospital once a year. But today, AI can help you do it in real time. It powers smartwatches and fitness apps to give you a daily look at your health. When you exercise, AI can watch your heart rate, count your steps, and keep an eye on your activity levels. It’s also a helpful tool for doctors. Now, AI can help them find problems faster and catch warning signs before they become dangerous. Besides, thanks to AI, getting from place to place is much less stressful than before. Navigation (导航) apps working with AI help you find the best route. They learn about your daily routines, predict current traffic conditions, check the weather, and warn you about road accidents—all of that happens without you knowing. It can even make smart predictions, like guessing where you’re heading before you type it in. Ever noticed how your map app already knows you want to go home as soon as you open it? 1．Why does the writer mention the telephone and the Internet? A．To suggest AI is better than them. B．To explain how they were invented. C．To show that AI follows a similar path. 2．How has online search changed according to the passage? A．It includes more ads in its results. B．It now provides answers right away. C．It requires more clicks than before. 3．What is the main idea of the third paragraph? A．AI makes exercise more fun. B．AI helps track health anytime. C．AI only works during exercise. 4．What does the navigation app do without the user knowing? A．It plans trips for the next month. B．It changes the user’s daily routines. C．It predicts traffic and road problems. Passage 4 （九年级·山东泰安新泰·一模）During the Spring Festival Gala, a group of AI robots surprised the whole world with their amazing performances. These high-tech robots showed perfect teamwork and great skill on the big stage (舞台). The robots were designed and made by Chinese engineers. They were not just machines. They could dance freely to music, keep exactly the same steps and collaborate (合作) with human actors perfectly. Every movement was smooth and precise. Even many difficult actions were finished without any mistakes. What impressed people most was their smart AI system. With the help of advanced technology, the robots could respond (反应) quickly and change their actions according to the show. They learned fast and kept improving themselves through lots of training before the gala. This wonderful show is not only a success of the Spring Festival Gala, but also a symbol of China’s rapid development in science and technology. It tells us that technology is changing our lives. As teenagers, we should study hard, love science and try our best to create a better future with knowledge. 1．What surprised the whole world during the Spring Festival Gala? A．Famous singers. B．AI robots’ great performances. C．Beautiful clothes. D．Wonderful stories. 2．Which of the following could the robots do on stage? A．They could write books. B．They could drive cars alone. C．They could dance and collaborate with humans perfectly. D．They could travel around the world. 3．What helped the robots respond quickly in the show? A．A smart AI system B．Good music C．Simple clothes D．Big stage lights 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to watch the Spring Festival Gala. B．AI robots show China’s progress in science and technology. C．All robots can dance very well. D．Teenagers must become engineers in the future. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 “Mirror of the sky”: Uyuni Salt Flats （2026·山东临沂费县·模拟）The Uyuni Salt Flats, located in southwestern Bolivia, is known as the “Mirror of the Sky”. After the rain, this place looks like a mirror. It reflects the sky so perfectly that you can’t tell where the ground ends and where the sky begins. The amazing mirror effect doesn’t come out of thin air. It is made possible by three key factors (要素). The first and most important factor is the flat ground. The ground of the Uyuni Salt Flats is one of the flattest on Earth. The salt flat was formed when ancient lakes dried up over time. When the water of these lakes evaporated (蒸发), a thick and flat layer (层) of salt was left behind. This made the ground almost perfectly flat. Therefore, when it rains, the water doesn’t collect in water holes. Instead, it forms an even layer of water on the top of the salt. This is what creates the huge natural mirror. The rainfall (降雨量) also plays an important role. It can’t be a storm. Just enough rain to cover the layer of salt is perfect. If the rain is heavy, water holes will form and the mirror effect will be lost. The mirror effect mainly appears during the rainy season, which runs from December to March. Besides, calm weather is necessary for the clear mirror effect. Even a small wind can make waves on the water. These waves will break up the clear reflection and take away the magical experience. In short, the Uyuni Salt Flats is famous for its amazing “sky mirror” scene, which is created by its extremely flat land, proper rainfall and calm weather. Come and enjoy this fantastic natural scenery! 1．What does “It” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The Uyuni Salt Flats. B．The mirror. C．The sky. 2．What are the key factors for the mirror effect? ① flat ground     ② rainfall     ③ calm weather     ④season A．①③④ B．②③④ C．①②③ 3．When is the best time to visit the Uyuni Salt Flats? A．May. B．July. C．February. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (P=Paragraph) A． B． C． Passage2 (25-26九·山东青岛即墨区·一模)According to Ken Croswell, the Sun and the Moon are different. We often think that the Sun rules the day and the Moon rules the night. That’s kind of right, but not totally. The Sun shines all the time. It shines during the day when we see it, and even at night when we don’t. As the Earth turns, sometimes we face the Sun. That’s when we get day. When the Earth’s spin (自转) turns us away from the Sun and we are in the Earth’s shadow, we get night. When people on the opposite side of the Earth face the Sun, those people have day while we have night. The Moon is a different story. Unlike the Sun, it doesn’t make its own light. Moonlight is actually the Sun’s light reflecting (反射) the Moon back to us. The Sun lights up only the side of the Moon that faces the Sun. At Full Moon, the Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun. Then the side of the Moon facing the Earth is all lit up. During Full Moon, the Moon rises around sunset, shines all night, and sets around sunrise. Since the moonlight is so bright, you can sometimes see it during the day, too. A few days before Full Moon, if you look east in the afternoon, you may see the Moon in the sky. After Full Moon, you may find it if you look west in the morning. The Moon is most difficult to see at New Moon, when its orbit (轨道) puts it between the Earth and the Sun. Then, the side of the Moon facing the Earth is dark and we can’t see the Moon at all. 1．What can we know about the Sun according to the passage? A．The Sun rules the Moon. B．The Sun shines during both day and night. C．The Sun lights up all the sides of the Moon. D．The Sun shines everywhere on the Earth at the same time. 2．Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the underlined word “shadow” in Paragraph 3? shadown.① the shape of the Earth, ② the force from the Sun, ③ the dark area on the Earth, ④ the opposite side of the Sun. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 3．Which of the following is TRUE about a Full Moon? A．The Moon rises around sunrise and sets around sunset. B．The Moon is between the Earth and the Sun. C．You can sometimes see it in the east in the afternoon. D．The side of the Moon facing the Earth is fully lit. 4．Which following picture shows us New Moon? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the theme of the text? A．Culture. B．Science. C．Education. D．Technology. Passage3 （2026·山东德州德城区·一模）When Philip Sontag, a polar (极地) researcher at Rutgers University, first visited Antarctica, he brought back something unusual: a huge bag of penguin feathers (羽毛). Now, his team has discovered how to use these feathers to create a living map of mercury (汞) pollution in the Southern Ocean. Mercury, which comes mainly from gold mining (采矿), builds up in the food chain and harms animals’ nervous systems. But only testing rocks, ice or soil can’t tell how much of it actually enters the ecosystem. Penguins can dispose of mercury through their feathers when they molt (换羽). So, Philip and his teammates used those molted feathers to see where penguins took in mercury. Surprisingly, they found out that mercury levels in the feathers are closely connected with carbon-13 levels, which differ geographically and show where penguins feed. The finding means that penguins can serve as living trackers (追踪者) of environmental pollution. By checking their feathers, the team could track how mercury moves through the ocean food chain over time. For example, penguin species living near one another may have different mercury and carbon-13 levels because they migrate (迁徙) and eat differently. This information could help build a map-like database (数据库) for future protection and research. Philip plans to collect newer feathers from more kinds of penguins and compare mercury levels in their blood, food and feathers. He says the present mercury levels aren’t high enough to harm penguins’ health. 1．What did Philip use the penguin feathers he collected to do? A．To create a map showing where penguins travel. B．To track mercury pollution in the ocean ecosystem. C．To study the molting patterns of different penguin species. D．To compare the health conditions of penguins in different areas. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．mercury B．food chain C．gold mining D．nervous system 3．What does the underlined phrase “dispose of” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．hide B．store C．remove D．produce 4．What role does carbon-13 play in the study? A．It marks penguins’ growth stages. B．It helps locate where penguins feed. C．It tells changes in penguin numbers. D．It shows mercury levels in penguins. 5．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．How to build a map-like database. B．Penguins’ different migration and feeding patterns. C．How to test mercury levels in penguins’ feathers. D．Why penguins are important as living trackers. Passage4 (2026·山东省潍坊市·一模)The White Cliffs of Dover are located in Dover, in southeast England. Every year, lots of people come to visit them, making them a very popular destination for tourists. The White Cliffs are mostly made of a soft, white rock called chalk (白垩). It is a type of limestone (石灰岩) that was created from the tiny skeletons (骨骼) of sea life. Over millions of years, these tiny skeletons piled up and were pressed together to form the chalk rock. Later, movements of the Earth pushed this rock up above the sea, creating the white cliffs we see today. These cliffs and the land around them are a special place for wildlife. Many types of plants grow there, including some rare ones that like the chalky soil. You might see beautiful wildflowers blooming in the spring and summer. The cliffs are also home to many animals. For example, the peregrine falcon (游隼), one of the fastest birds in the world, can sometimes be seen hunting near the cliffs. However, the White Cliffs are always changing because of natural erosion (侵蚀). Wind, rain, and the waves slowly wear away the soft rock. Over time, pieces of the cliffs can break off and fall into the sea. While erosion changes the shape of the cliffs, it also helps to keep them looking white, as new layers (层) of chalk are exposed. Despite this, the cliffs never lose their charm. To fully enjoy them, head to South Foreland Lighthouse, which is located on the cliffs and offers amazing views. If you have more time, there are many other interesting places around the White Cliffs to visit, such as Fan Bay Deep Shelter and Dover Castle. 1．What’s the main idea of paragraph 2? A．What are the White Cliffs? B．How did the White Cliffs come into being? C．How long did it take to form the White Cliffs? 2．Why are there so many types of plants living on the White Cliffs? A．The chalky soil is suitable for the plants. B．The plants can bloom in spring and summer. C．Some birds bring the seeds of the plants there. 3．What makes the White Cliffs white? A．Human activities. B．The natural erosion. C．The movement of the earth. 4．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To give tips for travelers. B．To attract visitors to Dover. C．To describe the views of the White Cliffs. 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·山东烟台蓬莱·一模）Do you love keeping a diary? Do you sometimes feel angry, sad or lonely at the end of a difficult day? How do you make yourselves feel better, by exercising, cooking, reading or watching TV? Experts say starting a diary can improve your mental (心理的) health by letting you release (释放) your feelings. “It’s simply writing down your thoughts and feelings. And you can understand them more clearly,” according to the University of Rochester Medical Center in the US. Julia Samuel, who helps people with their mental health problems, said, “talking” to your diary by writing things down can be as good as talking to another person. Writing a diary helps you to control your feelings and reduce stress, which can make you feel relaxed, and sometimes can help you solve problems. Doctors sometimes recommend (推荐) diary writing to help people with mental health problems. It might also help your physical health. Research has found that people who keep diaries have fewer doctor visits, and may even show reduced symptoms (症状) of some long-term diseases. Writer Anthony Quinn says there are other “great advantages” to keeping a diary. Writing a diary can let you understand yourself better, and see how you have changed, Quinn wrote in the newspaper The Guardian. He said diaries can even be used instead of social media. Many experts say it’s best to write a diary every day, or at least every week. Most experts also say people should just write—or draw—anything they want, and not worry about what someone else might think about it. “Look at your writing time as personal relaxation time,” says the University of Rochester. It recommends that people write in a place they find relaxing, maybe with a cup of tea. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By describing a scene. B．By listing facts. C．By raising questions. 2．Why is diary writing recommended according to the passage? A．Keeping diaries is as good as talking to yourself. B．People who keep diaries visit doctors less often. C．Keeping diaries can help you understand others more clearly. 3．What’s the advice from experts on keeping a diary according to the last paragraph? A．Write a diary whenever you like. B．Write or draw whatever you like. C．Drink a cup of tea when writing a diary. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (P = Paragraph) A． B． C． Passage 2 （2026·山东烟台蓬莱·一模）For middle and primary school students, being able to cook has become a must. They will also need to learn how to plant vegetables, raise poultry (家禽) and maintain home appliances (修理家电) under new requirements for labour education. The Ministry of Education (MOE) brought out a new standard for labour education in schools last year. Starting from the 2022 fall term, students in primary and middle schools have to take courses on labour skills at least once a week. Labour education helps students value hard work. It includes things like household chores, on-campus labour and community volunteer services. The new standards include three types of labour tasks. The first is for things like everyday chores, including cleaning, organizing, cooking, and using and maintaining home appliances. Next is productive labour, including agriculture (农业), making traditional handicrafts, and using new technologies such as 3D printing and laser cutting (激光切割). The third type is service work, which includes volunteer work. Schools in China have traditionally placed more focus on studying, and many have seen household chores as a waste of children’s time. But according to the MOE, labour education must be built up to help students develop social values and an interest in labour. Online, people have been busy discussing the new standards on social media Liu Fang, a mother of 6-year-old twins in Beijing, strongly supports labour education. For the past year, she has trained her daughters to do household chores and make simple dishes for the family. “The main idea is to let them share responsibility as family members and become independent as early as they can,” said Liu. “Through doing housework, their hand-eye coordination (协调), time management and organization skills can be trained and it’s also good to help them relax.” Through such education, Liu said her twins have found fun in doing chores and are more independent. 1．What do we know about the new labour education standard? A．It is for students from primary school to college. B．Students can get extra points for taking labour courses. C．It started in the fall term of 2022. D．Students have to take three labour courses every week. 2．hat can students learn through labour education? a. How to plant vegetables. b. How to raise chickens or ducks. c. How to be more focused in class. d. How to fix computers or fridges. A．abc B．abd C．bcd D．acd 3．What does Liu Fang think of labour education? A．It’s too simple for students. B．It isn’t fun enough for students. C．It takes up too much of students’ free time. D．It helps students develop different skills. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．labour education for primary and middle school students. B．New courses for primary school students. C．Ways to cultivate students’ social values. D．New technologies used in primary and middle schools. Passage3 （2026·山东日照岚山·调研）Have you ever met someone who seemed confident before they even spoke? Confidence isn’t just something you’re born with. You can learn it. One of the best ways to start is through your body language. Your body sends messages all the time. The way you sit, stand and move tells people how you see yourself. So when you use confident body language, others notice, and over time, it can help you feel more confident too. First, start with your posture(姿势). Keep your back straight and shoulders relaxed. Avoid crossing your arms or looking down. When you walk, move at a steady(平稳的), natural pace. Rushing can make you look nervous, while smooth movements show that you feel calm and in control. Eye contact(眼神交流)is another key. Looking at the person you’re talking to shows that you’re listening and interested. You don’t have to stare at them, just meet their eyes from time to time. If that feels difficult, try looking near their eyes instead. Your hands also say a lot about how confident you feel. Keep them relaxed, not hidden in your pockets. When you shake someone’s hand, hold it strongly but friendly. Keep eye contact, smile naturally, and hold the hand for about three seconds before letting go. Leaning forward a little while someone speaks is also good, because it can show interest. You can even mirror small parts of the other person’s posture to make the conversation feel friendly and natural. Confidence isn’t just something you feel inside; it’s something you can show with practice. As your body begins to look confident, your mind often starts to believe it too! 1．Which of the following shows that you are confident? A．Keep your arms crossed all the time. B．Shake hands in a strong and friendly way. C．Look down when talking with others. 2．The word “mirror” in Paragraph 5 has the same meaning as in ________. A．Monkeys often mirror people’s actions. B．She fixed her hair in front of the mirror. C．His behavior mirrors his real thoughts. 3．Which of the following is the correct structure of the passage? A． B． C． 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Body language is more honest than words and hard to change. B．Good body language helps you make more friends easily. C．You can learn to be more confident with proper body language. Passage4 （2026·山东临沂沂水·一模）In English classes, we spend a large amount of time studying grammar and learning new words. We work hard to improve our reading and listening skills. Few of us, however, pay enough attention to body language. Does that mean body language is not important? The answer is, “Of course not!” As the old saying goes, “Actions speak louder than words.” Sometimes, we can communicate things even without a single word. For example, shrugging our shoulders, and, without a word, we’ve just said, “I don’t know.” Body language can help us stress what we are saying. It can help us express our true, inner feelings. Moreover, body language can help us find out if someone is lying. Often, people who are lying do not make eye contact. They may turn away or raise their shoulders because they are uncomfortable with the conversation. In job interviews, the interviewers can sometimes judge the interviewee before he or she speaks. Body language is important in our personal lives, too. It can show if you really care about your friends. Leaning forward (身体前倾) into the conversation, for example, means you are interested in what is being said. Listening without making eye contact means you are not paying attention but are waiting for your turn to speak. Scientists have been studying body language for a long time. They say more than 70 percent of our messages are delivered through body language. Sometimes, body language is more accurate than the words we use. So it is very important for us to learn body language. By understanding body language, we are less likely to be misunderstood. We will find it easier to get a job. We will also have lasting friendships. 1．What does the author want to show by using the old saying “Actions speak louder than words”? A．Body language is important in communication. B．We don’t need to speak when communicating with other people. C．What you have said is more important than what you have done. 2．According to the article, in which of the following pictures is the woman saying, “I don’t know.”? A． B． C． 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．People who are lying usually make much eye contact. B．Leaning forward into the conversation shows you’re interested in it. C．Less than 70% of our messages are delivered through body language. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (P=paragraph) A． B． C． 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·山东烟台开发区·中考模拟）SAFETY RULES ON THE SUBWAY TRAINS At the station: ○Be patient. Line up on the platform (站台) and wait for the train. ○Be Polite. Let passengers (乘客) get off first. ○Do not rush on the train. It is dangerous. ○When you hear a “beep” sound, do not get on the train. The door is closing. Wait for another train. On the train: ○Do not eat or drink on the train. It makes the train dirty. ○Do not run on the train. ○Give up your seat to old men or women, the disabled or women carrying babies. ○Please keep your personal belongings with you at all times. 1．Why should we stop to wait for the next train when hearing a “beep” sound? A．Because people will get off the train one by one. B．Because people are walking slowly on the train. C．Because people are rushing for the train. D．Because the door is closing. 2．Which is the good behavior on the train according to the text? A．Running all the time. B．Talking or laughing loudly. C．Giving seats to old people. D．Opening the door of the train. 3．Which of the following isNot True according to the text? A．We can’t eat on the train, but we can drink on it. B．We shouldn’t get on the train when the door is closing. C．We should take care of our personal belongings on the train. D．We should wait in line on the platform if we want to get on the train at the station. Passage 2 （2026·山东烟台蓬莱·一模）Tea has long been a popular drink in China. Chinese people love different kinds of tea. Among them, black tea and white tea from Fujian, green tea from Zhejiang and Anhui, and dark tea from Yunnan are some of the favorites. In the Song Dynasty (960—1279), tea culture reached new heights. The beauty of the Song tea came alive through “dian cha”. Powdered (粉状的) tea was whisked (搅拌) with water into soft “clouds”. White tea was often used to make the “clouds” as white as the moonlight. Tea artists used clean water to draw pictures on them with a teaspoon. The way of serving dian cha became a living art. It later influenced Japanese tea culture. Today, more young people are learning and passing it on. Yunnan’s dark tea, especially Pu’er, got famous because of the Ancient Tea Horse Road. And it won popularity around the world. In 1976, Frenchman Fred Kempler found a new kind of Pu’er from Yunnan in a Hong Kong shop. In the same year, he visited Yunnan, bought nearly two tons, and began to sell “Yunnan Tuocha” in Europe. Since 1986, Yunnan’s Pu’er tuocha has got many prizes at food expos (博览会) in France, America and other countries. Today you can see an old Australian lady holding a cup of tea of sun-dried Pu’er, though she still enjoys her English-style black tea with milk and sugar. Tea is a bridge of friendship among nations and peoples. Tea is enjoyed timelessly from ancient to modern times. Each cup of dian cha, white as the moonlight, turned tea into art, and art into eternity (永恒). Tea is also loved globally from the east to the west. Each cup of Pu’er, with the smell of sunshine, turns tea into friendship, and friendship into a shared future. 1．What kind of tea was often used for dian cha according to the passage? A．Black tea. B．Green tea. C．Dark tea. D．White tea. 2．When did Fred Kempler begin to sell “Yunnan Tuocha” in Europe? A．In 1986. B．In 1976. C．In 1279. D．In 960. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Dian cha had no influence on Japanese tea culture. B．Pu’er tuocha has won prizes only in European countries. C．The Ancient Tea Horse Road helped Yunnan’s dark tea become famous. D．Young people today are not interested in the traditional way of dian cha. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．More Than a Drink B．Tea Trade in China C．Art in a Tea Cup D．Journey of Yunnan Tea Passage3 （2026·山东临沂沂水·一模）Thangka is a traditional art form in Xizang. On Barkhor Street in Lhasa, there are many Thangka studios. At one studio, 48-year-old Thangka painter Phurbu Tsering is working on a new painting. As he is having fun, he forgets the time. The history of Thangka paintings dates back about 1,300 years. For centuries, Thangka art was regarded as the work of “laymen” (外行), but this situation changed after the government enhanced the protection of Xizang culture. In 2006, it was added to China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List (中国非物质文化遗产). After that, a number of excellent Thangka painters stood out and made a name for themselves, including Phurbu Tsering. Influenced by his parents, Phurbu Tsering has been interested in painting since childhood. At the age of 13, he dropped out of school and came to Lhasa to learn how to paint Thangka. The process of making Thangka is complicated, with 12 steps that include gluing, polishing, drawing, and colouring. According to Phurbu Tsering, it usually takes him around two months to finish one painting. Now there are more than 3,000 Thangka painters in Xizang. Xizang University even offers a Thangka major. The rise in the number of Thangka painters best shows the government’s support for Xizang culture. At Phurbu Tsering’s studio, you can find some people watching him paint. They are his students, and he teaches them for free. For Phurbu Tsering, painting Thangka is more than a way to make a living. He looks forward to passing it on. “I hope to train more people to pass on Xizang culture,” he said. 1．What does the underlined word “complicated” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．复杂的 B．古老的 C．传统的 2．What can we learn from the text? A．Thangka is a modern art with short history. B．Phurbu Tsering keeps working hard to pass on Thangka art. C．The government pays little attention to Thangka. 3．What’s the best title for the text? A．A story of a Thangka painter. B．How to paint a Thangka. C．Thangka: A traditional art with a new life. 4．Where is the passage probably from? A．A cultural newspaper. B．A science magazine. C．A travel guide book. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·山东青岛莱西·一模） Quick factsWhen is it? Every April 22nd What’s the official website? Earth Day Tagged as: Nature & Environment What’s the hashtag? #EarthDay When was it founded? 1970 Who founded it? Gaylord Nelson and Denis Hoyes We first published this page on: Dec 23rd, 2017 We last updated this page: Mar 5th, 2026 Have we missed something? Earth Day: Caring for Our PlanetEvery year on April 22, people around the world celebrate Earth Day. It is one of the largest environmental movements in the world. Its goal is simple but important: to inspire everyone—individuals, communities, and governments—to take action and help protect our planet. The Beginning of Earth Day The idea for Earth Day started in 1969. A former US senator named Gaylord Nelson saw a terrible oil spill in California. The disaster polluted the ocean and harmed wildlife. Nelson was also inspired by student activists who were protesting for peace. He thought, “Why can’t we use this same energy to fight for a cleaner environment?” Nelson teamed up with a young activist named Denis Hayes. Together, they planned the first Earth Day. They chose April 22, 1970, because it fell between spring break and final exams. This made it easier for college students to take part. The first Earth Day was a huge success. About 20 million Americans joined events across the country. They marched in streets and held rallies to show their support for a healthier planet. For the first time, different environmental groups came together to fight for the same cause. Earth Day Goes GlobalThe first Earth Day led to real change. Later that year, the US government created the Environmental Protection Agency. It also passed important laws to clean the air and water and protect endangered animals. In 1990, Earth Day went global. It reached over 140 countries and 200 million people. Today, more than 1 billion people in nearly 200 countries take part each year. In 2016, Earth Day was especially important. World leaders signed the Paris Agreement, a promise to work together to stop global warming. How You Can Help Earth Day reminds us that our actions matter. The way we live affects the environment, but it also affects our health, our food, and our future. You don’t have to do big things to make a difference. You can recycle more, save water, or plant a tree. Every small action helps. This Earth Day, think about what you can do to care for our planet. Together, we can make a positive change. Word Bank:senator n. 参议员  activist n. 活动家  protest v. 示威  rally n. 集会 1．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指的是)? A．The energy of student activists. B．The idea of a campus event. C．The goal of Earth Day. D．The peace protest movement. 2．Why was April 22 chosen for the first Earth Day? A．It was the date of a big oil spill. B．It was between spring break and exams. C．It was Nelson’s birthday. D．It was a global holiday. 3．What happened later in the same year after the first Earth Day? A．Students stopped protesting. B．Earth Day became a global event. C．Nelson became a famous senator. D．The US passed new environmental laws. 4．What is the main idea of the last section (部分)? A．Big actions are the only way to help. B．Only governments can protect nature. C．Small actions can also make a difference. D．Earth Day is just for celebration. 5．What is the writer’s main purpose? A．To explain Earth Day’s history. B．To describe Nelson’s life story. C．To compare Earth Day with other days. D．To show how to organize events. Passage 2 （2026·山东临沂罗庄区·模拟）How do you cool yourself on hot summer days? You might turn on your air conditioner (空调), right? But in India, things aren’t so simple. Only about 20 percent of families there own an air conditioner. The rest have to face rising temperatures without any cooling tools. Now, an ancient material is stepping in to help: terracotta (赤陶土). A long long time ago, the Harappan people (哈拉帕人) used terracotta pots (罐子) to store water. These pots are still common in the Indian countryside today. They help people cool water without using electricity. The material is quite affordable, with each pot costing only one U.S. dollar. So, how do these pots work? Well, terracotta has many tiny, almost invisible (看不见的) holes on its surface. These holes allow water to slowly dry up. As the water dries up, it carries heat away, causing the area around to become cooler. Many Indian architects (建筑师) get good ideas from this simple thought. They now use terracotta in their building designs to control indoor temperatures. One pioneer in this field is Ant Studio. Its CoolAnt project adds a terracotta “skin” to buildings. The skin helps moisture (潮气) and heat move between indoor and outdoor spaces. “We’ve seen temperature drops of 6-8℃,” says Monish Siripurapu, the company’s founder (创办人). Other Indian companies are taking part. A Threshold is reusing old terracotta to make special “breathing” walls. These walls work much like Ant Studio’s terracotta “skin.” MittiCool has created terracotta fridges that can keep food fresh for three to five days without electricity. Many researchers see terracotta as a great change for our warming planet. As news spreads, the material may become more widely used. We could all stay cool without using lots of energy. 1．What does the underlined word “affordable” mean? A．difficult to get. B．beautiful and colorful. C．not too expensive. 2．What does Ant Studio’s CoolAnt project use terracotta for? A．To make fridges. B．To store water in the countryside. C．To add a “skin” to buildings for cooling. 3．What is true about terracotta from the passage? A．It is an environmentally friendly way to stay cool. B．It is a new material invented by Indian scientists. C．It will replace air conditioners all over the world soon. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To ask people to stop using air conditioners. B．To introduce the history of the Harappan people. C．To tell readers about a traditional cooling way in India. Passage3 （2026·山东临沂河东区·一模）①As we all know, people work together. Each person does his or her part to make the world better. A society needs many different kinds of workers in order to work well. Similar to humans, animals also need to work together to live better. In fact, nature gives most animals a social talent that serves a number of purposes. ②Many lions work together in groups. The females need to search for food. Lions work in teams to catch other animals. They watch the animal in a circle and stop it from running away. Wolves also work in teams. They have a strong social order. They follow a leader and follow rules for the good of the group. ③The members of bee communities have special jobs. A queen bee, worker bees, and other bees live in a beehive (蜂巢). The worker bees serve the queen so the queen can lay eggs. If the queen doesn’t lay enough eggs, the busy beehive would soon be empty. In bee communities, females take on the job of protecting the beehive. ④Cows and birds often eat together to help one another. The birds eat the insects on the back of cows. And in return, the birds make a lot of warning noises. They will fly away if they find danger. Crocodiles (鳄鱼) and birds called plovers (千鸟) help each other in the same way. Crocodiles have very sharp teeth. After they eat, the tiny and harmful animals usually remain on their teeth. The plover will pick the animals out of a crocodile’s teeth. This provides food for itself and helps clean the crocodile’s teeth. ⑤There are certain similarities between human society and the animal world. We have many of the same needs, after all. We must help one another. 1．Which of the following can best describe how lions catch a sheep? (●=lion ▲=sheep) A． B． C． 2．How do cows and birds help each other? A．Birds pick harmful animals from cows’ teeth for food. B．Birds pick insects from cows’ backs to keep them clean. C．Birds find food on cows’ backs and warn them of danger. 3．What’s the structure of the text? A． B． C． 4．What’s the main purpose of the text? A．To list the reasons for saving animals. B．To tell the importance of working as a team. C．To show how people and animals help each other. Passage4 （九年级·山东泰安新泰·一模）The importance of biodiversity (生物多样性) What is biodiversity? You can think of it as a big family album (相册) that has photos of all the living things on the earth, from plants to animals, from fungi (真菌) to humans. The UN said that the biodiversity we see today is the result of 4.5 billion years of evolution (进化). Biodiversity is a web of life in which all species (物种) have their role. It is important because we depend on nature for so many things. According to the UN, more than 1 billion people depend on forests for their living. The loss (亏损) of biodiversity influences us directly. For example, if there are fewer animals that eat harmful insects, the insects will grow in number. This can harm our crops and make it hard for us to get enough food. Biodiversity usually grows slowly, but it can drop fast. According to a 2016 report of the World Wildlife Fund (基金会), the number of vertebrate animals (脊椎动物) went down by 58 percent between 1970 and 2012. Some scientists said that by the end of the 21st century, 5 percent of species will die out. ________ While extinction (灭绝) is natural, human activities like pollution and growing food, have already changed the conditions of the land. About 85 percent of wetlands have gone away, according to the UN. To help with the problem, the UN has asked the whole world to work together. In China, more than 300 endangered wildlife animals, including Asian elephants, have seen their numbers rise in 2025, said Xinhua. “Ecological civilization (生态文明) plays a big part in Chinese direction,” Inger Andersen with the UNEP (联合国环境规划署) told Xinhua. “And we look forward to that direction forming a part of the global direction for an ecological balance (平衡) with our planet.” 1．Why is biodiversity important according to the passage? A．Because it grows slowly but it can drop fast. B．Because it is a big family album with photos of all the living things on the earth. C．Because it plays an important role in protecting nature and supporting human life. D．Because it is the result of 4.5 billion years of evolution. 2．What does the example in Paragraph 3 show? A．We should keep more animals to eat harmful insects. B．The loss of biodiversity can lead to food problems. C．Biodiversity has nothing to do with food production. D．Biodiversity usually grows fast, but it can drop slowly. 3．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．Calling the world to work together B．Protecting biodiversity in China C．Keeping the balance of nature D．Reducing the humans’ activities 4．What can we learn from the text? A．Biodiversity grows and drops at a similar speed. B．Human activities like pollution have a bad influence on biodiversity. C．The number of vertebrate animals has increased by 58% from 1970 to 2012. D．In China, less than 300 endangered wildlife animals have seen their numbers rise in 2025. Passage5 （2026·山东潍坊·一模）You probably remember the Flaming Mountains from Journey to the West. But do you know where the real Flaming Mountains are? They are in Turpan (吐鲁番), in the east of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It’s known as one of the hottest areas in the world. The desert sand can be as hot as 80℃ in midsummer. That’s enough to make your feet burn! It may sound crazy, but the locals can cook an egg on the desert sand. Rainfall in Turpan is only 16 mm a year. It is one of the driest places in China. How do people survive in such a terrible climate? The secret lies in the ancient karez (坎儿井) system. The karez system, in Turpan includes more than 1,000 wells (井). They appear every 20-30 metres. Some of them are 100 metres deep! Under these wells are large underground canals (运河). Water from the mountains falls into the wells. It then runs underground in the canals. It is kept cool and safe from the desert heat. There are over 5,000 km of underground canals in the area. That’s nearly as long as the Yellow River! Thanks to the karez system, people can grow plants for food in this difficult environment. And amazingly, all of this was completed with only hand tools! No wonder it’s among the top three projects of ancient China. Today, the area faces a water shortage. There is less water from the mountains, lower rainfall and a large increase in water use. Although modern technology is solving some problems, the karez system still plays an important role. Now, more and more young people are taking action to protect it. The centuries-old water system will surely be carried into the future. 1．What does the writer mean by “That’s enough to make your feet burn!”? A．The sand is so hot that it may hurt your feet. B．You can’t walk on the hot sand without shoes. C．You should wear special shoes in Turpan to protect your feet. 2．Which of the following is TRUE about the underground canals? A．They carry water from the wells to the mountains. B．They were built with the help of modern technology. C．They keep water cool and protect it from the desert heat. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Water shortage is no longer a problem. B．The karez system still matters nowadays. C．Modern technology will replace the karez system. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Turpan is one of the hottest and driest places in China. B．The karez system is an amazing ancient Chinese project. C．The karez system helps people survive in Turpan and is worth protecting. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $命学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题04阅读理解（说明文） 基础 必练 主题01人与自我—一生活与学习 Passage 1 1.B2.A3.C Passage 2 1.B2.A3.C Passage 3 1.A2.B 3.C4.C Passage4 1.B2.C3.D4.A5.D 主题02人与自我一做人与做事 Passage 1 1.C2.B3.A4.C Passage 2 1.A2.C3.C4.D5.A Passage 3 1.D2.C3.A 主题03人与社会—社会服务与人际沟通 114 命学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 1 1.B2.B3.B4.C Passage 2 1.B2.A3.D4.D 主题04人与社会—文学、艺术与文化 Passage 1 1.B2.C3.A4.D Passage 2 1.B2.C3.C4.A 主题05人与社会一科学与技术 Passage 1 1.C2.B3.B4.D5.A Passage 2 1.B2.C3.C4.C Passage 3 1.C2.B3.B4.C Passage 4 1.B2.C3.A4.B 主题03人与自然 214 命学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 1 1.A2.C3.C4.B Passage2 1.B2.C3.D4.B5.B Passage3 1.B2.A3.C4.B5.D Passage4 1.B2.A3.B4.A 进阶 提升 主题01人与自我 Passage 1 1.C2.B3.B4.B Passage 2 1.C2.B3.D4.A Passage3 1.B2.A3.C4.C Passage4 1.A2.B3.B 4.A 主题02人与社会 Passage 1 3/4 命学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 1.D2.C3.A Passage 2 1.D2.B3.C4.A Passage3 1.A2.B3.C4.A 主题03人与自然 Passage 1 1.A2.B3.D4.C5.A Passage 2 1.C2.C3.A4.C Passage3 1.C2.C3.B4.B Passage4 1.C2.B3.A4.B Passage5 1.A2.C3.B4.C 4/4 专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （2026·山东日照岚山·调研）Student development courses are widely discussed recently. Two deputies to the National People’s Congress (人大代表) share their views on some of the recent hot topics about teenagers: Wang Chunyan I think it is good to set farming courses for teenagers. In Fengxian district, grade 7 students take part in a two-day farming program every spring. In the fields, they learn about different crops, how to plant and water them, and how to carry shoulder poles(扁担). These activities help them understand how hard it is to grow food and why we should avoid waste. Learning by doing is better than being told what to do. Such lessons do not take time away from main subjects. Instead, they let students experience real life and develop new ways of thinking. Wan Quan AI can help teachers improve their lessons, but students should not use it in all situations. One problem is that AI makes mistakes. It may give wrong information that looks correct. Teenagers are still learning to judge information, so they may easily believe what AI says. The main goal of education is to help students solve problems on their own. Depending too much on AI may harm their creative thinking. Also, not everyone has the same AI tools, which could make education less fair. We should be careful and test ideas step by step. 1．What activity do grade 7 students do during the two-day farming program in Fengxian district? A．Use AI to identify different crops. B．Carry shoulder poles. C．Spend more time on main subjects. 2．According to Wan Quan, what is one problem if students depend too much on AI? A．It may harm their creative thinking. B．It will make them dislike farming. C．It can help them judge information better. 3．Which isnot the topic of the two deputies’ speeches? A．The importance of learning by doing. B．The problems of depending too much on AI. C．How to improve students’ test scores. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇观点类说明文，呈现了两位人大代表针对青少年发展热点话题的分享：一位围绕农耕实践课程的育人价值展开，强调“做中学”的重要性；另一位聚焦人工智能在教育中的合理使用，警示过度依赖AI的潜在问题。 1．在王春燕的观点中，原文提到“In the fields, they learn about different crops, how to plant and water them, and how to carry shoulder poles.”，说明七年级学生在两天的农耕项目中会学习挑扁担。 2．在万泉的观点中，原文提到“Depending too much on AI may harm their creative thinking.”，说明学生过度依赖AI的一个问题是可能损害他们的创造性思维。 3．王春燕的演讲主题是农耕课程，强调“Learning by doing”（实践学习的重要性）；万泉的演讲主题是AI在教育中的使用，指出过度依赖AI的问题；选项C“如何提高学生的考试分数”在文中完全未提及，不属于两位代表的演讲话题。 Passage 2 Water Trick! (2026·山东省淄博市·一模)Can you turn a glass of water upside down without spilling (洒出) the water? ★ Why: The card stays in place because the air pressure pushing up on it balances the force of gravity (重力) pulling the water down. 1．Which step is the most important to make the experiment work? A．① B．② C．③ 2．What will happen when you finish the four steps? A．The water will remain in the glass. B．The water will fill the glass completely. C．The water will spill out of the glass. 3．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．In a book review. B．In a film newspaper. C．In a science magazine. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一个有趣的实验：如何将装满水的杯子倒置而不让水洒出来，并解释了其科学原理。 1．文章在“What to do”部分中，步骤②提到“Put the old greeting card over the glass. Make sure the card covers the whole rim of the glass closely. This is the key to the success of the experiment.”，明确指出这一步是实验成功的关键。 2．根据实验描述，完成四个步骤后，由于气压的作用，卡片会紧贴在杯口，阻止水洒出来，水会留在杯中。文章提到“The card stays in place because the air pressure pushing up on it balances the force of gravity pulling the water down.”，说明水不会洒出。 3．本文介绍了一个科学实验及其原理，涉及气压和重力的平衡，属于科学知识范畴。因此，最有可能出自科学杂志。 Passage 3 (25-26九·山东菏泽单县·一模)Now foreigners from many countries can stay in China for 240 hours without a visa (签证). The number of foreign visitors is increasing. Susan, from Canada, visited Shanghai and Hangzhou. During her stay, she found it was so convenient (便利的) in China. When she ordered food at the hotel, a robot helper would make its way to her room. That saved time. Ordering food became easy for her. When she traveled around the cities, she found there was no need to use cash (现金). She could travel everywhere with just a phone. “Chinese food drives me to visit China,” said Kevin, a visitor from the US. In Beijing, he tasted some local delicacies. For example, he tried Beijing duck for the first time and found it so nice. He also went to the Great Wall and felt like he was in ancient China. These days, this policy (政策) received a warm welcome. More and more foreign visitors come to China to experience the lives of Chinese people. China has become a hot place to go to. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1．（2026·山东临沂罗庄区·模拟）How many cities did Susan visit in China? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. 2．（2026·山东临沂罗庄区·模拟）What did Susan think of ordering food at the hotel? A．It was noisy. B．It was easy. C．It was famous. 3．（2026·山东临沂罗庄区·模拟）What does the underlined word “delicacies” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Special places. B．Comfortable hotels. C．Delicious foods. 4．（2026·山东临沂罗庄区·模拟）Why do more and more foreign visitors come to China? A．To watch different kinds of robots. B．To develop new interests and hobbies. C．To experience the lives of Chinese people. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的240小时免签政策，以及外国游客在中国体验便捷生活、特色美食和文化景点的经历，展现了中国作为热门旅游目的地的吸引力。 1．第二段指出：“Susan, from Canada, visited Shanghai and Hangzhou.”，这直接说明Susan在中国游览了上海和杭州两座城市。 2．第二段提到：“Ordering food became easy for her.”，直接说明Susan认为在酒店点餐是很容易的。 3．第三段举例说明：“he tried Beijing duck for the first time and found it so nice.”，结合上下文“tasted some local delicacies”，可以推断“delicacies”指的是美味的食物。 4．第四段明确说明：“More and more foreign visitors come to China to experience the lives of Chinese people.”，直接指出越来越多外国游客来中国的原因是体验中国人的生活。 Passage4 （2026·济南天桥区·一模）Wu Hongbo, a visitor from Dalian, recently used AI to plan a tour of Shanxi. By telling the AI app about his travel plans, he received a week-long plan made just for him covering transportation, places of interest and hotel information. As a martial arts (武术) novel fan, Wu had long dreamed of visiting Yanmen Pass, a part of the Great Wall featured in his favorite stories. The app recommended (推荐) just that, alongside other cool cultural spots and local dishes. “This AI plan surprised me,” Wu said. “The recommendations perfectly matched my taste, deepening my understanding of Shanxi.” As travelers look for trips that fit their personal interests, AI “digital (电子的) guides” are helping to make travel planning faster and of higher quality. On Chinese social media (媒体), plans such as “DeepSeek’s five-day trip to Shandong” and “AI’s two-day trip to Chengdu” are becoming very popular. During a trip, AI can also give real-time guidance. With voice and location technology, the AI guide is just like a personal guide. It tells visitors the history, culture and special features of the places of interest. Liu Xilei, a visitor from Hebei province, did not ask for a human tour guide when he visited the Jinci Temple in Taiyuan. Instead, he used the AI chatbot Doubao as his tour guide. Liu said he learned a lot about the temple’s history, buildings and culture. The travel app Mafengwo has started an “AI Local Guide” programme. It asks local people who have lived there for over five years to train the AI, giving each guide its own local style. For example, the AI in Fujian recommends small restaurants with ginger duck, while the one in Guizhou helps people find the best spicy food. “These AI tour guides show the true spirit of a city,” said Mafengwo’s Sun Yunlei. “In the future, AI tour guides will work with human guides. Together, they will provide better and more personal travel services and make trips more wonderful,” said Li Xinjian from Beijing International Studies University. 1. Why was Wu Hongbo shocked by the AI travel plan? A．Because it lowered his travel cost. B．Because it fit his interests perfectly. C．Because it shortened his travel time. D．Because it covered all tourist hotspots. 2．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．A week-long travel plan. B．Martial arts novel. C．Visiting Yanmen Pass. D．Using the AI app. 3．How does Mafengwo train its AI guides? A．By collecting tourists’ reviews. B．By inviting travel experts to help. C．By studying historical travel data. D．By using the local people’s wisdom. 4．What is Li Xinjian’s view on AI tour guides? A．They enrich tourist experiences. B．They reduce travel risks greatly. C．They compete with human guides. D．They make places of interest popular. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．How to use AI chatbots in daily life. B．Where to find AI chatbots in travel. C．AI travel plans are popular on social media. D．AI helps make travel easier and more personal. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了AI（人工智能）在旅行中的用途及好处。 1．根据第二段“The recommendations perfectly matched my taste, deepening my understanding of Shanxi”可知，AI给出的旅行计划完全迎合了他的兴趣。 2．综合第二段段意，“Wu had long dreamed of visiting Yanmen Pass, a part of the Great Wall featured in his favorite stories. The app recommended (推荐) just that”中的that指的是参观雁门关。 3．第四段明确指出“It asks local people who have lived there for over five years to train the AI, giving each guide its own local style”，说明他通过利用当地人的经验智慧来训练AI。 4．由第四段“Together, they will provide better and more personal travel services and make trips more wonderful.” said Li Xinjian”可知，他认为AI能为旅行者提供更好的旅行服务，并且让旅行变得更好。 5．本文主要介绍了AI在旅行中的正面作用。联系上下文，D项最符合文章主旨。 主题02 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 (25-26九·山东菏泽单县·一模)In recent years, “silver-haired tourism” has become a hot topic in China. With over 310 million people aged 60 and above, older adults are exploring new ways to enjoy their later years. Unlike traditional tours that rush from place to place, silver-haired travel focuses on slow-paced plans, cultural experiences and relaxing. The elderly today (born in the 1950s and 1960s) are healthier, more educated, and expect to try new things. For example, Grandma Li from Shanghai recently joined a 12-day cruise (邮轮旅行) to Japan. “We visited ancient buildings, tried local foods, and even danced with new friends on board,” she said, “It was like a dream!” Silver-haired travel isn’t just fun—it’s also good for health. Studies show that traveling improves memory and reduces stress in older adults. In Hainan, a popular place for winter vacations, the elderly enjoy beach walks, yoga classes, and traditional art. “Staying active keeps my mind working,” shared by Mr. Wang. Silver-haired tourism makes differences to local areas. In places like Chengdu and Hangzhou, hotels and restaurants now offer elderly-friendly services, such as easy-to-read menus and walking tours. The industry also creates jobs for tour guides, care-givers, and transportation workers. Moreover, it challenges thoughts about aging. In Xi’an, elderly tourists lead groups to the Terracotta Army, sharing stories that are not written in books. “Hearing their experiences was unforgettable,” said a 15-year-old volunteer. Experts predict silver-haired tourism will grow into a $100 billion industry by 2030. Technology companies are developing apps with voice guides and danger alarms for the elderly. Cities like Suzhou are designing “slow travel” routes (路线) with parks, museums, and tea houses. As the aging population grows bigger, silver-haired tourism shows that growing older doesn’t mean slowing down. It’s a chance to experience, connect, and create memories. Whether boating down the Li River or dancing in Tokyo, the elderly are telling the world that age is just a number. 1．What does the underlined wordslow-paced in paragraph 1 mean? A．Fast and meaningful. B．Cheap and interesting. C．Relaxing and unhurried. 2．What do silver-haired tourists usually do during their trips? A．Rush to visit many places quickly. B．Enjoy slow activities like beach walks. C．Stay in hotels all day and talk a lot. 3．Why is traveling helpful for older adults’ health according to the passage? A．It improves memory and cuts down stress. B．It makes them stronger and live longer. C．It gives them more money and free time. 4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a future plan for silver-haired tourism? A．Apps with voice guides and alarms. B．“Slow travel” routes in more cities. C．Free travel for all old people. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国银发旅游业的兴起、特点、对老年人健康与当地经济的影响，以及其未来发展前景，展现了老年人通过旅游丰富晚年生活、打破年龄刻板印象的现象。 1．第一段指出：“Unlike traditional tours that rush from place to place, silver-haired travel focuses on slow-paced plans, cultural experiences and relaxing.”，这里通过和“走马观花的传统旅游”对比，说明银发旅游的“slow-paced”是放松、不匆忙的意思。与“Relaxing and unhurried”含义一致。 2．第三段提到：“In Hainan, a popular place for winter vacations, the elderly enjoy beach walks, yoga classes, and traditional art.”，说明银发游客在旅行中通常会享受像海滩散步这样节奏舒缓的活动。与“Enjoy slow activities like beach walks”相符。 3．第三段说明：“Studies show that traveling improves memory and reduces stress in older adults.”，直接指出旅行对老年人健康的好处是改善记忆力、减轻压力。与“It improves memory and cuts down stress”一致。 4．第六段提到未来计划：“Technology companies are developing apps with voice guides and danger alarms for the elderly. Cities like Suzhou are designing “slow travel” routes with parks, museums, and tea houses.”，文中未提及“为所有老年人提供免费旅游”这一内容。 Passage 2 (25-26·山东青岛西海岸新区·一模)Every year on 22nd April, we celebrate Earth Day all around the world, reminding people worldwide to protect our planet. It started in 1970 when millions of Americans came together to fight against pollution and environmental damage (破坏). This first Earth Day led to new environmental laws and inspired people in over 190 countries to take action. Of all kinds of pollution, plastic pollution is now a serious problem. What is plastic pollution? Many things we use every day are made of plastic. The plastic that humans use every year weighs the same as 30 million elephants! When it is thrown away, most plastic ends up in the oceans and rivers. Plastic pollution is harming our planet. When plastic is in the oceans or rivers, fish and other sea animals can get trapped (卡住) or eat it by mistake. This is very harmful to the animals and can even kill them. Plastic bags are killing over 100,000 fish and birds every year. By the year 2050, there could be more plastic in the world’s oceans than fish! Plastic is very strong, and it takes more than 400 years to disappear. ▲ There are lots of things we can all do to help end plastic pollution. We need to remember the three “Rs”. It is important to first try to “reduce” our use of plastics, such as refusing plastic bags and cups. Then “reuse” as much as possible, like using clean water bottles again and again. The last one is to “recycle” plastic waste, for example, by turning used plastic into new things. This has a good influence on the environment. 1．What was the result of the first Earth Day? A．New environmental laws were made. B．It drew people’s attention to plastic. C．Many Americans set up an organization. D．It solved all kinds of pollution problems. 2．Why is plastic pollution harmful to sea animals? A．Because plastic makes the ocean water too warm. B．Because plastic is widely used in people’s daily life. C．Because plastic stops sea animals from moving or kills them. D．Because plastic makes sea animals swim even more quickly. 3．According to the passage, which picture should be placed at the question mark? A． B． C． D． 4．Which is a “reduce” action? A．Put rubbish into different bins. B．Collect plastic waste and sell it. C．Clean plastic boxes and use them again. D．Buy fewer plastic bottles in daily life. 5．Which sentence can be put in ▲ ? A．What actions can we take? B．What causes plastic pollution? C．Why is there plastic pollution? D．When will plastic pollution disappear? 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界地球日，重点说明了塑料污染的危害（流入海洋、伤害生物、难以降解），并提出了应对塑料污染的“3R原则”（减少使用、重复利用、回收利用）。 1．根据第一段的“This first Earth Day led to new environmental laws and inspired people in over 190 countries to take action.”可知，第一个地球日的结果是催生了新的环保法律。 2．根据第四段的“When plastic is in the oceans or rivers, fish and other sea animals can get trapped (卡住) or eat it by mistake. This is very harmful to the animals and can even kill them.”可知，塑料会让海洋生物被卡住无法移动或死亡。 3．根据第四段的内容可知，人们使用塑料→丢弃塑料→塑料进入海洋河流→海洋动物被塑料困住/误食→海洋动物受伤死亡。因此问号处应为“塑料最后进入海洋和河流”的图片。 4．根据最后一段的“It is important to first try to ‘reduce’ our use of plastics, such as refusing plastic bags and cups.”可知，在生活中减少购买塑料瓶属于“减少使用”。 5．最后一段讲的是人们为了停止塑料污染可以采取的行动，因此本段的问句应该是 “我们可以采取什么行动”。 Passage 3 （2026·山东济宁兖州·一模）Can you imagine a world without the color pink? It might be hard, but it’s true that pink wasn’t always a popular color. A long time ago, in the 18th century, pink was actually a fashionable color for rich people in Europe. Both men and women wore pink clothes. They thought it showed luxury (奢华) because pink was not a natural color and it was made from expensive dyes. However, things changed in the 20th century. In the 1940s and 1950s, shops and advertisers started to tell people that pink is for girls and blue is for boys. This was a new idea. Before that, baby clothes were usually white because they were easy to wash. But after World War II, this idea of “pink for girls” became very popular, especially in America. Even the First Lady, Mamie Eisenhower, loved pink, which made the color even more famous. Today, pink is for everyone again! Many people, boys and girls, men and women, like to wear pink. It’s a color that can mean many things: love, kindness, fun, or just a favorite color. So remember, colors don’t belong to any gender (性别). You wear pink clothes just because you love it! 1．In the 18th century, who wore pink in Europe? A．Only poor people. B．Only rich women. C．Only girls. D．Both rich men and women. 2．What does the underlined word “dyes” in Para. 2 mean? A．价格 B．身份 C．染料 D．款式 3．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of the color pink. B．How to make pink dyes. C．Why boys don’t like pink. D．The most popular color in Europe. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了粉色在欧洲的历史变迁：从18世纪富裕男女皆穿的时尚颜色，到20世纪被商业宣传定义为“女孩专属色”，再到如今重新成为所有人都可以喜爱的颜色。 1．第二段明确指出：“A long time ago, in the 18th century, pink was actually a fashionable color for rich people in Europe. Both men and women wore pink clothes.” 说明在18世纪的欧洲，富裕的男性和女性都穿粉色衣服。 2．第二段提到：“pink was not a natural color and it was made from expensive dyes.” 结合语境，粉色不是天然颜色，需要用昂贵的“染料”制成，因此“dyes”意为“染料”。 3．全文按照时间顺序讲述了粉色在欧洲的流行与变化：18世纪是富裕男女的时尚颜色，20世纪被赋予性别标签，如今重新成为所有人的颜色。因此文章主要讲述了“粉色的历史”。 主题03 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （2026·山东潍坊·一模）China has made some changes in its food labels (标签) recently and three of them have become a heated topic. To begin with, the government requires that food labels should be made easier and clearer to read, and that information such as sugar, salt and unhealthy fats be clearly included on the label. By doing so, the government hopes this will encourage healthier eating habits among people. At the same time, it is required that common allergens (过敏原) should be included on the label as well, which will possibly help people avoid risks. Another new requirement is that labels such as “no additives (添加剂)” or “zero additives” should no longer be allowed. The government says labels like these have already led shoppers to believe that a product is healthy when it is in fact not. Take a famous food company as an example. In order to increase sales, the label “zero additives” was added to its products, proving there were no harmful things. However, recently the label has been questioned. Tests have found small amounts of harmful additives in its products. Many people came to believe the “zero” label was just a marketing lie. The use of digital labels is also worth noticing. Companies are being advised to have QR codes (二维码) included on food labels. This allows customers to get more information about the product. This is helpful for people who want to learn more about what they are eating. More than 400 products have already used this smart labeling system. Food safety has always been among the top concerns for every Chinese. By making these changes in food labels, China hopes to help people make healthier and safer food choices. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Food producers refuse changes in food labels. B．Food labels are required to be easier and clearer. C．Healthier eating habits will encourage clearer labels. 2．Why is a food company mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To introduce the food company to shoppers. B．To show that some labels can mislead shoppers. C．To compare “zero additives” labels with digital ones. 3．As a food company manager, which action best follows the new rules? A．Hide sugar and salt information. B．Add a QR code for more product details. C．Use “zero additives” to attract customers. 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To warn customers about the dangers of food additives. B．To question food companies for using misleading labels. C．To introduce several new food labeling requirements in China. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了中国最新的食品标签要求。 1．第二段开头明确指出“the government requires that food labels should be made easier and clearer to read...”，综合段意可知，第二段主要介绍最新的食品标签要求——清晰简单。 2．由第三段“Take a famous food company as an example”和下文的“However, recently the label has been questioned”可知，作者提到这家公司主要为了举例说明商家的食品标签可能误导消费者。 3．第二段明确指出“...such as sugar, salt and unhealthy fats be clearly included on the label.”，食品中的糖盐含量必须标明，排除A项；第四段“Companies are being advised to have QR codes (二维码) included on food labels”，答案是原文直接信息，B项正确；第三段开头句“...labels such as ‘no additives’or ‘zero additives’ should no longer be allowed”，排除C项。 4．通读全文可知，文章开篇总起中国更新了食品标签规定，中间分段详细介绍三项新规，结尾总结新规的意义。全文核心是介绍中国几项全新的食品标签要求。C项正确。 Passage 2 (2025·浙江省杭州市·三模)There’s a long list of unpleasant things about flying on planes, like waiting in line and sitting in the middle seat. And here’s another one that troubles a lot or us: getting blocked (堵住的) ears. It’s also sometimes called “airplane ear”. But why do we get it? It happens because of changes in air pressure. When a plane takes off and moves higher, the air pressure outside our ears goes down quickly because the air is thinner at higher places. However, there is still air from ground level inside our ears. This air is thicker and at a higher pressure. So there is a difference in pressure between the air inside our ears and outside our ears. Air pressure changes can make the air in our ears push on the eardrum (耳膜). This happens because air moves from high-pressure areas to low-pressure ones. The pressure makes our ears feel blocked. When the air comes out, our ears “pop” and feel normal again. So how to deal with it? Drinking water, swallowing (吞咽) or eating hard sweets can help to clear our ears. The air inside our ears is in the eustachian tube (咽鼓管), which connects the middle ear to the back of the nose and throat. Swallowing helps encourage this tube to open a little wider, which helps let out the air inside our ears. However, swallowing don’t always work. Our ears sometimes stay blocked for longer, which may hurt. If your ears take a really long time to clear even when you get off the plane, you may need to see a doctor. 1．What causes the feeling of blocked ears during a flight? A．The loud sound from the airplane. B．Air pressure changes around the ears. C．Too much water drunk before flying. D．The low temperature inside the airplane. 2．What is the correct order of how airplane ear happens? a. The eardrum is pushed by the higher-pressure air inside the ear. b. The air pressure outside the ear drops as the plane climbs. c. The ears feel blocked until the air inside is let out. d. There is a difference in pressure between the inside and outside of the ear. A．b→d→a→c B．b→d→c→a C．a→c→b→d D．a→c→d→b 3．Why does swallowing help unblock ears? A．It helps cool down the eardrum faster. B．It helps raise the air pressure in the ears. C．It helps lower the noise inside the airplane. D．It helps open the eustachian tube to let out the air. 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To advise people to avoid taking planes B．To introduce the structure of the human ears. C．To list problems people may have when flying. D．To explain the causes and solutions of airplane ear. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乘坐飞机时耳朵被堵住的原因和解决方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“It happens because of changes in air pressure.”可知，飞机飞行时耳朵被堵住是因为耳朵周围的气压变化。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“When a plane takes off and moves higher, the air pressure outside our ears goes down quickly because the air is thinner at higher places…The pressure makes our ears feel blocked. When the air comes out, our ears “pop” and feel normal again.”可知，飞机耳发生的正确顺序是：随着飞机爬升，耳朵外的气压下降；耳朵内外存在压力差；耳膜被耳朵内的高压空气挤压；直到耳朵内的空气排出，耳朵才感到堵塞。因此，正确的顺序是b→d→a→c。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Swallowing helps encourage this tube to open a little wider, which helps let out the air inside our ears.”可知，吞咽有助于打开咽鼓管以排出空气，从而帮助耳朵通气。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要解释了飞机耳产生的原因以及解决方法。因此，文章的主要目的是解释飞机耳的原因和解决方法。故选D。 主题04 人与社会——文学、艺术与文化 Passage 1 (25-26九下·山东烟台芝罘区·一模)Qingming Festival, also called Tomb-Sweeping Day, is a traditional Chinese festival that people have celebrated for a very long time. As the fifth of the 24 solar terms (节气), it usually comes between April 4 and 6 each year. Around this time, the weather gets warmer, there is more rain, and everything in nature starts to grow. This festival has a history of thousands of years. In 2008, it became a national holiday in China, so people can have a day off to spend with their families. The most well-known custom is tomb-sweeping. Families visit their ancestors’ graves, clean the area, and place flowers to show respect and memory. This tradition teaches filial piety (孝道)—remembering and honoring our family members who came before us. Today, to protect the environment, many people also choose to offer flowers or even show their respect online, but the meaning remains the same. Besides tomb-sweeping, Qingming is also a time to enjoy spring. People go outside to see beautiful flowers and fly kites. Some believe that flying kites can bring good luck and help keep away bad things. In all, Qingming Festival is a special time that connects the past with the present. It is both a day to remember our ancestors and a day to welcome the new life of spring. It remains an important part of Chinese culture today. 1．When does Qingming Festival usually take place each year? A．Between March 20 and 22. B．Between April 4 and 6. C．Between May 5 and 7. D．At the beginning of spring. 2．What is the most important tradition during Qingming Festival? A．Flying kites for good luck. B．Enjoying spring flowers. C．Sweeping tombs and honoring ancestors. D．Having a family meal outdoors. 3．Today, people sometimes show respect in new ways, such as offering flowers online. What is the main reason for this change? A．It is better for the environment. B．It is more modern and popular. C．It is easier for young people. D．It is required by the government. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Qingming Festival is only about tomb-sweeping. B．Qingming Festival is the most important Chinese festival. C．Qingming Festival became a holiday recently. D．Qingming Festival mixes remembering the past and enjoying spring. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了中国传统节日清明节，涵盖其节气时间、历史渊源、核心习俗（扫墓祭祖、踏春）及文化意义，展现了清明节“缅怀过去、迎接新生”的双重内涵。 1．文章第一段第二句明确指出“…it usually comes between April 4 and 6 each year.”，直接说明清明节通常在每年4月4日至6日之间。 2．文章第三段第一句明确指出“The most well-known custom is tomb-sweeping.”，并说明家人会祭扫祖先坟墓以表达敬意与怀念，这是最重要的传统。 3．文章第三段最后一句明确指出“Today, to protect the environment, many people also choose to offer flowers or even show their respect online…”，直接说明人们选择新方式表达敬意的主要原因是为了保护环境。 4．文章最后一段明确指出“It is both a day to remember our ancestors and a day to welcome the new life of spring.”，说明清明节融合了缅怀过去与享受春天的双重意义。 Passage 2 （25-26九上·一调）Chinese New Year Painting, or nianhua in Chinese, is a kind of traditional painting to be put up on walls and windows during the Spring Festival. Its bright colors and different subjects show the Chinese people’s great expectations (期望) for happiness and wealth. Chinese New Year Painting is an old handicraft (手工艺品). Its original (最初的) form was a picture of the Door God during the Tang Dynasty. Later, more subjects such as the Kitchen God, women and babies were included. As the Chinese New Year arrives, every family puts up its New Year paintings in order to say goodbye to the past and welcome the future. One of the most famous woodblock (木刻版) New Year paintings comes from Yangjiabu of Shandong Province. It covers all kinds of themes (主题) and forms. They reflect people’s everyday life. As time went by, people found New Year paintings old-fashioned. Besides, they considered the Door God too scary to hang in their homes. They wanted something more artistic. So in the middle of the 1980s, the sales of New Year paintings dropped greatly. Usually, colorful woodblock New Year paintings are produced in four steps. Firstly, artists draw a simple sketch (素描) on the paper. Secondly, they make the simple sketch on the wood board and print a few samples (样品). Thirdly, they add color to the sample. Lastly, when the preparation is finished, the printers paint the color board and then put paper on the wood board and brush over the paper. Then the colorful woodblock New Year paintings are produced. There are four main themes in the Chinese New Year paintings. 1．What is the first form of Chinese New Year Paintings? A．A picture of babies. B．A picture of the Door God. C．A picture of the Kitchen God. 2．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．How artists add color to the sample. B．What woodblock New Year paintings mean. C．How artists make colorful woodblock New Year paintings. 3．What will the writer probably write next? A．The history of Chinese New Year Paintings. B．The development of Chinese New Year Paintings. C．The main themes of Chinese New Year Paintings. 4．In which part of a magazine can you probably read this passage? A．Culture. B．Nature. C．Education. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国年画的定义、起源、发展、制作步骤等相关文化知识，展现了这一传统手工艺品的文化内涵与传承。 1．根据文章第二段“Its original (最初的) form was a picture of the Door God during the Tang Dynasty.”可推知，中国年画最初的形式是门神画像。 2．根据文章第四段“Usually, colorful woodblock New Year paintings are produced in four steps.”，并结合后文对四个步骤的详细介绍可知，本段主要讲述了彩色木刻年画的制作方法。 3．根据文章最后一段“There are four main themes in the Chinese New Year paintings.”可推知，作者接下来会围绕年画的四大主题展开详细介绍。 4．本文围绕中国年画这一中国传统民间艺术展开介绍，属于文化类内容，因此最可能出现在杂志的文化板块。 主题05 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2026·山东青岛莱西·一模）The rotating (旋转的) lantern, known in Chinese as Zou Ma Deng, is a traditional Chinese folk lantern. It is an early example of the use of heat principles (原理). The lantern had different names throughout history and even spread to other countries. Today, modern versions of Zou Ma Deng can still be found in toy shops. The Kongming lantern also works on the principles of heat. The difference is that it rises into the sky because hot air lifts it up, while the rotating lantern spins (快速旋转) in place because of air convection (对流). ①The frame of the lantern is traditionally made of bamboo or wood. ④ A small fan wheel is fixed above the axis. ⑤ A candle is lit under the fan wheel. The candle light shines on the paper cut-outs and projects their shadows onto the lampshade. ②A thin iron wire (铁丝) is placed in the centre as a turning axis (轴). ⑥ The heat from the candle warms the air. The hot air rises, and cool air replaces it: The moving air pushes the fan blades, causing the central axis to rotate. As the axis turns, the paper cut-outs move round and round, and their shadows appear to come alive. ③In the middle of the axis, two iron wires are crossed. Paper cut-outs of people, horses, and other figures are attached to their ends. The Development of the Rotating LanternQin and Han Dynasties The early form of such lanterns probably existed as early as the Qin Dynasty. Historical text describes a tall green jade (玉制) lamp shaped like a dragon in the Xianyang Palace. When it was lit, the dragon’s scales (鳞片) appeared to move. In the Han Dynasty, a craftsman named Ding Huan made a Boshan incense burner (香炉) that used rising hot air to make its decorations turn.Tang and Song Dynasties During the Tang Dynasty, rotating lanterns became very popular at the Lantern Festival. In the Song Dynasty, the lantern was also called the “Horse-Riding Lantern”. Because paper-cutting art developed greatly at this time, the lanterns became more delicate (精美的). In addition, the Lantern Festival celebrations were extended to five days, which helped the lantern spread widely among ordinary people.Ming and Qing Dynasties During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the themes of rotating lanterns continued to expand. New creative forms appeared, such as paper figures made from scallion stalks (葱草). Through trade, the rotating lantern was introduced to Persia (波斯), Europe, Japan and other regions. 1．What makes the central axis turn? A．The candle light. B．The paper cut-outs. C．The moving air. D．The iron wire. 2．How is the rotating lantern different from the Kongming lantern? A．It uses a candle. B．It stays in place. C．It is made of paper. D．It works on heat. 3．Why does the writer talk about the green jade lamp and the incense burner? A．To show how to make a lantern. B．To show the early use of hot air. C．To compare them with other lanterns. D．To explain why they were popular. 4．When did the rotating lantern become popular among common people? A．In the Qin Dynasty. B．In the Han Dynasty. C．In the Tang Dynasty. D．In the Song Dynasty. 5．What do we know about the rotating lantern in the Ming and Qing Dynasties? A．It used new materials. B．It was no longer popular. C．It had no paper cut-outs. D．It was only for the rich. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国传统民间灯笼——走马灯，包括其工作原理、历史发展以及与其他灯笼的对比等内容。 1．表格第六段提到：“The moving air pushes the fan blades, causing the central axis to rotate”，说明是流动的空气推动扇叶，使中心轴转动。 2．第一段提到：“The difference is that it rises into the sky because hot air lifts it up, while the rotating lantern spins (快速旋转) in place because of air convection (对流)”，说明走马灯和孔明灯的不同在于走马灯是原地旋转，而孔明灯是升入天空。 3．Qin and Han Dynasties提到“Historical text describes a tall green jade (玉制) lamp... When it was lit, the dragon’s scales (鳞片) appeared to move... Ding Huan made a Boshan incense burner (香炉) that used rising hot air to make its decorations turn”，作者提到玉制灯和香炉是为了展示热空气的早期应用。 4．ang and Song Dynasties提到：“In the Song Dynasty.. the Lantern Festival celebrations were extended to five days, which helped the lantern spread widely among ordinary people”，说明走马灯在宋朝开始在普通民众中流行起来。 5．Ming and Qing Dynasties提到：“New creative forms appeared, such as paper figures made from scallion stalks (葱草)”，说明在明清时期，走马灯使用了新的材料。 Passage 2 (2026·山东省临沂市·一模)How far can bees travel to collect food? Scientists at Penn State University used an unusual method to track (追踪) honey bees. The work helps scientists learn more about how bees collect food and how far they travel. Researchers used simple codes called “AprilTags”, which are similar to QR codes (二维码). These codes are easy for cameras to track and work out, even when the lighting isn’t good. Over the spring and summer, the scientists marked over 32,000 young bees spread across six different hives (蜂巢). By placing a solar-powered camera and a tiny computer above the entrance to a hive, the researchers could track the movements of each marked bee. The new system (系统) gave the researchers a lot of information about the bees’ movements. They found that most trips outside the hive took 1 to 4 minutes. The scientists think these short trips were used for quick jobs like checking the weather. Most trips, even longer ones, were shorter than 20 minutes. But about 34% of the bees took trips that lasted longer than two hours. The scientists say this could show that the bees were making longer trips to collect food. The researchers noticed that the bees spent more time out collecting when there were fewer flowers around. The scientists were surprised by how long the bees lived. Before the study, scientists thought honey bees lived for about 28 days. But the marked bees didn’t start collecting food until they were around two weeks old. And the researchers discovered that the bees continued to collect food for six weeks after that. Scientists know that bees use a special “waggle dance” to communicate with each other about where to collect food. The researchers have analyzed their new tracking information to see how it matches up with these special movements. This may help beekeepers work with bees better. 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A．The life of honey bees. B．The way to track honey bees. C．The reason for studying honey bees. 2．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Bees’ checking the weather. B．Bees’ short flying trips. C．Bees’ flying trips over two hours. 3．What can we infer (推断) from Paragraph 4? A．Bees usually live only 28 days. B．Bees start to look for food when born. C．Bees can live longer than people thought. 4．hat wiWll the writer most probably talk about next? A．The ways of helping bees. B．The food of different bees. C．The connection between tracking data and waggle dances. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家使用类似二维码的“AprilTags”系统追踪蜜蜂，以研究蜜蜂的飞行距离和觅食行为。 1．第二段主要描述了科学家使用“AprilTags”系统对超过32000只年轻蜜蜂进行标记，并通过太阳能相机和微型计算机追踪每只标记蜜蜂的活动，因此主要讲的是追踪蜜蜂的方法。 2．第三段中“The scientists say this could show that the bees were making longer trips to collect food”中的“this”指代前文中提到的“about 34% of the bees took trips that lasted longer than two hours”，即超过两小时的飞行。 3．第四段提到“The scientists were surprised by how long the bees lived...And the researchers discovered that the bees continued to collect food for six weeks after that”，此前科学家认为蜜蜂寿命约为28天，但研究发现标记的蜜蜂在两周大时才开始觅食，并持续觅食六周，说明蜜蜂的寿命比人们以为的要长。 4．文章最后一段结尾提到“The researchers have analyzed their new tracking information to see how it matches up with these special movements. This may help beekeepers work with bees better”，研究人员已经分析了本次得到的追踪数据，想要验证这些数据和蜜蜂传递信息的“摇摆舞”是如何对应的，因此接下来最可能继续讲述追踪数据和摇摆舞的关联。 Passage 3 （2026·山东临沂河东区·一模）Think about how things like the telephone and the Internet changed the world. They quickly went from being new inventions to a normal part of our everyday lives. Now, the same thing is happening with AI. Online search is moving from “finding information” to “getting answers”. In the past, typing a question into a search engine (搜索引擎) might give you pages of links. You’d have to click around to find what you need. Now, AI often jumps in immediately with a full answer at the top with a few helpful links to support it. For example, if you search Xiaohongshu for advice on visiting the Great Wall, AI can quickly summarize the top tips and create a travel guide just for you. Keeping track of your health used to mean going to the hospital once a year. But today, AI can help you do it in real time. It powers smartwatches and fitness apps to give you a daily look at your health. When you exercise, AI can watch your heart rate, count your steps, and keep an eye on your activity levels. It’s also a helpful tool for doctors. Now, AI can help them find problems faster and catch warning signs before they become dangerous. Besides, thanks to AI, getting from place to place is much less stressful than before. Navigation (导航) apps working with AI help you find the best route. They learn about your daily routines, predict current traffic conditions, check the weather, and warn you about road accidents—all of that happens without you knowing. It can even make smart predictions, like guessing where you’re heading before you type it in. Ever noticed how your map app already knows you want to go home as soon as you open it? 1．Why does the writer mention the telephone and the Internet? A．To suggest AI is better than them. B．To explain how they were invented. C．To show that AI follows a similar path. 2．How has online search changed according to the passage? A．It includes more ads in its results. B．It now provides answers right away. C．It requires more clicks than before. 3．What is the main idea of the third paragraph? A．AI makes exercise more fun. B．AI helps track health anytime. C．AI only works during exercise. 4．What does the navigation app do without the user knowing? A．It plans trips for the next month. B．It changes the user’s daily routines. C．It predicts traffic and road problems. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了人工智能正在像电话和互联网一样改变世界，具体体现在在线搜索（从找信息到直接得答案）、健康监测（实时跟踪健康状况）和导航出行（预测交通和路况）三个方面。 1．由第一段“Think about how things like the telephone and the Internet changed the world. They quickly went from being new inventions to a normal part of our everyday lives. Now, the same thing is happening with AI”可知，作者提到电话和互联网是为了说明人工智能正沿着类似的道路发展。 2．由第二段“Online search is moving from ‘finding information’ to ‘getting answers’... Now, AI often jumps in immediately with a full answer at the top”可知，在线搜索现在可以直接提供答案。 3．第三段主要讲述了人工智能可以帮助实时监测健康状况（智能手表、健身应用监测心率、步数等），并辅助医生发现问题，因此主旨是“人工智能帮助随时跟踪健康”。 4．由第四段“They learn about your daily routines, predict current traffic conditions, check the weather, and warn you about road accidents—all of that happens without you knowing”可知，导航应用在用户不知情的情况下预测交通状况和道路问题。 Passage 4 （九年级·山东泰安新泰·一模）During the Spring Festival Gala, a group of AI robots surprised the whole world with their amazing performances. These high-tech robots showed perfect teamwork and great skill on the big stage (舞台). The robots were designed and made by Chinese engineers. They were not just machines. They could dance freely to music, keep exactly the same steps and collaborate (合作) with human actors perfectly. Every movement was smooth and precise. Even many difficult actions were finished without any mistakes. What impressed people most was their smart AI system. With the help of advanced technology, the robots could respond (反应) quickly and change their actions according to the show. They learned fast and kept improving themselves through lots of training before the gala. This wonderful show is not only a success of the Spring Festival Gala, but also a symbol of China’s rapid development in science and technology. It tells us that technology is changing our lives. As teenagers, we should study hard, love science and try our best to create a better future with knowledge. 1．What surprised the whole world during the Spring Festival Gala? A．Famous singers. B．AI robots’ great performances. C．Beautiful clothes. D．Wonderful stories. 2．Which of the following could the robots do on stage? A．They could write books. B．They could drive cars alone. C．They could dance and collaborate with humans perfectly. D．They could travel around the world. 3．What helped the robots respond quickly in the show? A．A smart AI system B．Good music C．Simple clothes D．Big stage lights 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to watch the Spring Festival Gala. B．AI robots show China’s progress in science and technology. C．All robots can dance very well. D．Teenagers must become engineers in the future. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了春节联欢晚会上AI机器人的精彩表演，展示了其出色的合作能力与智能系统，同时体现了中国科技的快速发展。 1．第1段提到“a group of AI robots surprised the whole world with their amazing performances”，可知是AI机器人的精彩表演震惊了世界。 2．第2段提到“They could dance freely to music...collaborate with human actors perfectly”，可知机器人能跳舞并与人类完美合作。 3．第3段提到“What impressed people most was their smart AI system. With the help of advanced technology, the robots could respond quickly”，可知智能AI系统帮助机器人快速反应。 4．第4段提到“This wonderful show...is also a symbol of China’s rapid development in science and technology”，可知主旨是AI机器人展示了中国科技的进步。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 “Mirror of the sky”: Uyuni Salt Flats （2026·山东临沂费县·模拟）The Uyuni Salt Flats, located in southwestern Bolivia, is known as the “Mirror of the Sky”. After the rain, this place looks like a mirror. It reflects the sky so perfectly that you can’t tell where the ground ends and where the sky begins. The amazing mirror effect doesn’t come out of thin air. It is made possible by three key factors (要素). The first and most important factor is the flat ground. The ground of the Uyuni Salt Flats is one of the flattest on Earth. The salt flat was formed when ancient lakes dried up over time. When the water of these lakes evaporated (蒸发), a thick and flat layer (层) of salt was left behind. This made the ground almost perfectly flat. Therefore, when it rains, the water doesn’t collect in water holes. Instead, it forms an even layer of water on the top of the salt. This is what creates the huge natural mirror. The rainfall (降雨量) also plays an important role. It can’t be a storm. Just enough rain to cover the layer of salt is perfect. If the rain is heavy, water holes will form and the mirror effect will be lost. The mirror effect mainly appears during the rainy season, which runs from December to March. Besides, calm weather is necessary for the clear mirror effect. Even a small wind can make waves on the water. These waves will break up the clear reflection and take away the magical experience. In short, the Uyuni Salt Flats is famous for its amazing “sky mirror” scene, which is created by its extremely flat land, proper rainfall and calm weather. Come and enjoy this fantastic natural scenery! 1．What does “It” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The Uyuni Salt Flats. B．The mirror. C．The sky. 2．What are the key factors for the mirror effect? ① flat ground     ② rainfall     ③ calm weather     ④season A．①③④ B．②③④ C．①②③ 3．When is the best time to visit the Uyuni Salt Flats? A．May. B．July. C．February. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (P=Paragraph) A． B． C． 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了乌尤尼盐沼被称为“天空之镜”的原因，以及形成镜面效果的三个关键因素。 1．文中提到“The Uyuni Salt Flats, located in southwestern Bolivia, is known as the ‘Mirror of the Sky’. After the rain, this place looks like a mirror. It reflects the sky so perfectly...”，这里的“It”指代前文的乌尤尼盐沼(The Uyuni Salt Flats)。 2．文中明确指出形成镜面效果的三个关键因素：平坦的地面（flat ground）、适量的降雨（rainfall）、平静的天气（calm weather），不包括季节（season）。 3．文中提到镜面效果主要出现在雨季，时间为12月至次年3月，选项中的February(二月)处于该时间段内，是最佳游览时间。 4．文章结构为：第1段总起，介绍乌尤尼盐沼及镜面现象；第2-4段分别说明三个关键因素；第5段总结全文，为“总—分—总”结构，对应选项B。 Passage2 (25-26九·山东青岛即墨区·一模)According to Ken Croswell, the Sun and the Moon are different. We often think that the Sun rules the day and the Moon rules the night. That’s kind of right, but not totally. The Sun shines all the time. It shines during the day when we see it, and even at night when we don’t. As the Earth turns, sometimes we face the Sun. That’s when we get day. When the Earth’s spin (自转) turns us away from the Sun and we are in the Earth’s shadow, we get night. When people on the opposite side of the Earth face the Sun, those people have day while we have night. The Moon is a different story. Unlike the Sun, it doesn’t make its own light. Moonlight is actually the Sun’s light reflecting (反射) the Moon back to us. The Sun lights up only the side of the Moon that faces the Sun. At Full Moon, the Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun. Then the side of the Moon facing the Earth is all lit up. During Full Moon, the Moon rises around sunset, shines all night, and sets around sunrise. Since the moonlight is so bright, you can sometimes see it during the day, too. A few days before Full Moon, if you look east in the afternoon, you may see the Moon in the sky. After Full Moon, you may find it if you look west in the morning. The Moon is most difficult to see at New Moon, when its orbit (轨道) puts it between the Earth and the Sun. Then, the side of the Moon facing the Earth is dark and we can’t see the Moon at all. 1．What can we know about the Sun according to the passage? A．The Sun rules the Moon. B．The Sun shines during both day and night. C．The Sun lights up all the sides of the Moon. D．The Sun shines everywhere on the Earth at the same time. 2．Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the underlined word “shadow” in Paragraph 3? shadown.① the shape of the Earth, ② the force from the Sun, ③ the dark area on the Earth, ④ the opposite side of the Sun. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 3．Which of the following is TRUE about a Full Moon? A．The Moon rises around sunrise and sets around sunset. B．The Moon is between the Earth and the Sun. C．You can sometimes see it in the east in the afternoon. D．The side of the Moon facing the Earth is fully lit. 4．Which following picture shows us New Moon? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the theme of the text? A．Culture. B．Science. C．Education. D．Technology. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，主要讲述了太阳和月亮的不同特点，包括太阳持续发光、月亮反射太阳光、满月和新月时的不同现象等。 1．第二段提到：“The Sun shines all the time. It shines during the day when we see it, and even at night when we don’t.”，这直接说明太阳在白天和夜晚都发光。 2．第三段提到：“When the Earth’s spin (自转) turns us away from the Sun and we are in the Earth’s shadow, we get night.”，根据语境可知，当地球自转使我们背对太阳，我们处于地球的阴影中时，就是夜晚，所以“shadow”指的是地球上的黑暗区域。 3．第五段提到：“At Full Moon, the Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun. Then the side of the Moon facing the Earth is all lit up.”，这说明满月时，面向地球的月球一侧被完全照亮。 4．第六段提到：“The Moon is most difficult to see at New Moon, when its orbit (轨道) puts it between the Earth and the Sun. Then, the side of the Moon facing the Earth is dark and we can’t see the Moon at all.”，可知在新月时，当月球的轨道位于地球和太阳之间时，是最难看到月亮的。然后，月球面向地球的那一面是黑暗的，我们根本看不到月球，结合图片，B选项符合。 5．文章主要围绕太阳和月亮的科普知识展开，属于科学范畴，所以主题是科学。 Passage3 （2026·山东德州德城区·一模）When Philip Sontag, a polar (极地) researcher at Rutgers University, first visited Antarctica, he brought back something unusual: a huge bag of penguin feathers (羽毛). Now, his team has discovered how to use these feathers to create a living map of mercury (汞) pollution in the Southern Ocean. Mercury, which comes mainly from gold mining (采矿), builds up in the food chain and harms animals’ nervous systems. But only testing rocks, ice or soil can’t tell how much of it actually enters the ecosystem. Penguins can dispose of mercury through their feathers when they molt (换羽). So, Philip and his teammates used those molted feathers to see where penguins took in mercury. Surprisingly, they found out that mercury levels in the feathers are closely connected with carbon-13 levels, which differ geographically and show where penguins feed. The finding means that penguins can serve as living trackers (追踪者) of environmental pollution. By checking their feathers, the team could track how mercury moves through the ocean food chain over time. For example, penguin species living near one another may have different mercury and carbon-13 levels because they migrate (迁徙) and eat differently. This information could help build a map-like database (数据库) for future protection and research. Philip plans to collect newer feathers from more kinds of penguins and compare mercury levels in their blood, food and feathers. He says the present mercury levels aren’t high enough to harm penguins’ health. 1．What did Philip use the penguin feathers he collected to do? A．To create a map showing where penguins travel. B．To track mercury pollution in the ocean ecosystem. C．To study the molting patterns of different penguin species. D．To compare the health conditions of penguins in different areas. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．mercury B．food chain C．gold mining D．nervous system 3．What does the underlined phrase “dispose of” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．hide B．store C．remove D．produce 4．What role does carbon-13 play in the study? A．It marks penguins’ growth stages. B．It helps locate where penguins feed. C．It tells changes in penguin numbers. D．It shows mercury levels in penguins. 5．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．How to build a map-like database. B．Penguins’ different migration and feeding patterns. C．How to test mercury levels in penguins’ feathers. D．Why penguins are important as living trackers. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文介绍研究人员利用企鹅换羽的羽毛，结合碳-13 指标，将企鹅作为活体追踪者，监测南大洋汞污染分布与传播，并为海洋生态保护研究提供数据支撑。 1．第一段指出：“his team has discovered how to use these feathers to create a living map of mercury pollution in the Southern Ocean.”，说明菲利普利用企鹅羽毛追踪南大洋的汞污染，对应监测海洋生态系统中的汞污染。 2．第二段指出：“Mercury... builds up in the food chain... But only testing rocks, ice or soil can’t tell how much of it actually enters the ecosystem.”，整段围绕汞展开，it指代前文核心名词mercury（汞）。 3．第三段指出：“Penguins can dispose of mercury through their feathers when they molt.”，结合语境，企鹅换羽时通过羽毛排出汞，remove意为“排出、去除” 符合句意。 4．第三段指出：“mercury levels... are closely connected with carbon-13 levels, which differ geographically and show where penguins feed.”，明确说明碳-13 可以显示企鹅的觅食地点。 5．第四段指出：“The finding means that penguins can serve as living trackers of environmental pollution.”，后文围绕企鹅作为污染活体追踪者的作用、研究价值展开，为本段主旨。 Passage4 (2026·山东省潍坊市·一模)The White Cliffs of Dover are located in Dover, in southeast England. Every year, lots of people come to visit them, making them a very popular destination for tourists. The White Cliffs are mostly made of a soft, white rock called chalk (白垩). It is a type of limestone (石灰岩) that was created from the tiny skeletons (骨骼) of sea life. Over millions of years, these tiny skeletons piled up and were pressed together to form the chalk rock. Later, movements of the Earth pushed this rock up above the sea, creating the white cliffs we see today. These cliffs and the land around them are a special place for wildlife. Many types of plants grow there, including some rare ones that like the chalky soil. You might see beautiful wildflowers blooming in the spring and summer. The cliffs are also home to many animals. For example, the peregrine falcon (游隼), one of the fastest birds in the world, can sometimes be seen hunting near the cliffs. However, the White Cliffs are always changing because of natural erosion (侵蚀). Wind, rain, and the waves slowly wear away the soft rock. Over time, pieces of the cliffs can break off and fall into the sea. While erosion changes the shape of the cliffs, it also helps to keep them looking white, as new layers (层) of chalk are exposed. Despite this, the cliffs never lose their charm. To fully enjoy them, head to South Foreland Lighthouse, which is located on the cliffs and offers amazing views. If you have more time, there are many other interesting places around the White Cliffs to visit, such as Fan Bay Deep Shelter and Dover Castle. 1．What’s the main idea of paragraph 2? A．What are the White Cliffs? B．How did the White Cliffs come into being? C．How long did it take to form the White Cliffs? 2．Why are there so many types of plants living on the White Cliffs? A．The chalky soil is suitable for the plants. B．The plants can bloom in spring and summer. C．Some birds bring the seeds of the plants there. 3．What makes the White Cliffs white? A．Human activities. B．The natural erosion. C．The movement of the earth. 4．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To give tips for travelers. B．To attract visitors to Dover. C．To describe the views of the White Cliffs. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国多佛白崖的构成、形成过程、生态环境以及受自然侵蚀的特点，并为游客提供了相关游览建议。 1．第二段详细介绍了白垩的形成过程，以及地壳运动如何将白垩抬升出海面形成白垩岩，核心是说明白崖的形成过程，对应选项B。 2．第三段说明原因：“Many types ...like the chalky soil.”，直接点明了白垩土壤适合植物生长，因此有多种植物在白崖上存活。 3．第四段说明白崖保持白色的原因：“While erosion changes ...chalk are exposed.”，说明自然侵蚀会不断暴露新的白垩层，让白崖始终保持洁白。 4．最后一段给出游览建议“To fully enjoy them, head to ... and Dover Castle.”，这一段的目的是为游客提供旅行参考。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·山东烟台蓬莱·一模）Do you love keeping a diary? Do you sometimes feel angry, sad or lonely at the end of a difficult day? How do you make yourselves feel better, by exercising, cooking, reading or watching TV? Experts say starting a diary can improve your mental (心理的) health by letting you release (释放) your feelings. “It’s simply writing down your thoughts and feelings. And you can understand them more clearly,” according to the University of Rochester Medical Center in the US. Julia Samuel, who helps people with their mental health problems, said, “talking” to your diary by writing things down can be as good as talking to another person. Writing a diary helps you to control your feelings and reduce stress, which can make you feel relaxed, and sometimes can help you solve problems. Doctors sometimes recommend (推荐) diary writing to help people with mental health problems. It might also help your physical health. Research has found that people who keep diaries have fewer doctor visits, and may even show reduced symptoms (症状) of some long-term diseases. Writer Anthony Quinn says there are other “great advantages” to keeping a diary. Writing a diary can let you understand yourself better, and see how you have changed, Quinn wrote in the newspaper The Guardian. He said diaries can even be used instead of social media. Many experts say it’s best to write a diary every day, or at least every week. Most experts also say people should just write—or draw—anything they want, and not worry about what someone else might think about it. “Look at your writing time as personal relaxation time,” says the University of Rochester. It recommends that people write in a place they find relaxing, maybe with a cup of tea. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By describing a scene. B．By listing facts. C．By raising questions. 2．Why is diary writing recommended according to the passage? A．Keeping diaries is as good as talking to yourself. B．People who keep diaries visit doctors less often. C．Keeping diaries can help you understand others more clearly. 3．What’s the advice from experts on keeping a diary according to the last paragraph? A．Write a diary whenever you like. B．Write or draw whatever you like. C．Drink a cup of tea when writing a diary. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (P = Paragraph) A． B． C． 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了写日记对心理和身体健康的多种好处，包括释放情绪、减轻压力、减少就医次数、帮助自我认知等，并给出了专家关于坚持写日记的建议。 1．根据第一段“Do you love keeping a diary? Do you sometimes feel angry, sad or lonely at the end of a difficult day? How do you make yourself feel better, by exercising, cooking, reading or watching TV?” 这是典型的以提问方式引出话题。 2．根据第四段“Research has found that people who keep diaries have fewer doctor visits”。这是原文直接给出的写日记的好处之一。B项与此一致。 3．根据最后一段“Most experts also say people should just write—or draw—anything they want”。B项“Write or draw whatever you like”与此完全一致。A项“whenever you like”原文未强调时间随意性；C项“drink a cup of tea”只是放松方式的例子，并非硬性建议。 4．梳理文章段落结构：第一段（P1）引出主题，点明写日记对心理健康的益处；第二段至第五段（P2-P5）分别从不同角度介绍写日记的好处；第六段（P6）总结全文，给出专家的相关建议，结构为总-分-总，对应选项B的结构。 Passage 2 （2026·山东烟台蓬莱·一模）For middle and primary school students, being able to cook has become a must. They will also need to learn how to plant vegetables, raise poultry (家禽) and maintain home appliances (修理家电) under new requirements for labour education. The Ministry of Education (MOE) brought out a new standard for labour education in schools last year. Starting from the 2022 fall term, students in primary and middle schools have to take courses on labour skills at least once a week. Labour education helps students value hard work. It includes things like household chores, on-campus labour and community volunteer services. The new standards include three types of labour tasks. The first is for things like everyday chores, including cleaning, organizing, cooking, and using and maintaining home appliances. Next is productive labour, including agriculture (农业), making traditional handicrafts, and using new technologies such as 3D printing and laser cutting (激光切割). The third type is service work, which includes volunteer work. Schools in China have traditionally placed more focus on studying, and many have seen household chores as a waste of children’s time. But according to the MOE, labour education must be built up to help students develop social values and an interest in labour. Online, people have been busy discussing the new standards on social media Liu Fang, a mother of 6-year-old twins in Beijing, strongly supports labour education. For the past year, she has trained her daughters to do household chores and make simple dishes for the family. “The main idea is to let them share responsibility as family members and become independent as early as they can,” said Liu. “Through doing housework, their hand-eye coordination (协调), time management and organization skills can be trained and it’s also good to help them relax.” Through such education, Liu said her twins have found fun in doing chores and are more independent. 1．What do we know about the new labour education standard? A．It is for students from primary school to college. B．Students can get extra points for taking labour courses. C．It started in the fall term of 2022. D．Students have to take three labour courses every week. 2．hat can students learn through labour education? a. How to plant vegetables. b. How to raise chickens or ducks. c. How to be more focused in class. d. How to fix computers or fridges. A．abc B．abd C．bcd D．acd 3．What does Liu Fang think of labour education? A．It’s too simple for students. B．It isn’t fun enough for students. C．It takes up too much of students’ free time. D．It helps students develop different skills. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．labour education for primary and middle school students. B．New courses for primary school students. C．Ways to cultivate students’ social values. D．New technologies used in primary and middle schools. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了针对中小学生的新劳动教育标准，包括其实施时间、涵盖内容以及劳动教育对学生的益处等。 1．文章第二段指出“Starting from the 2022 fall term, students in primary and middle schools have to take courses on labour skills at least once a week.”，明确说明新的劳动教育标准从2022年秋季学期开始实施。 2．文章第一段提及“They will also need to learn how to plant vegetables, raise poultry (家禽) and maintain home appliances (修理家电)”，说明学生可以通过劳动教育学习如何种植蔬菜、饲养家禽以及修理家电。选项a、b、d符合，选项c“如何在课堂上更专注”未提及。 3．文章最后一段刘芳说“Through doing housework, their hand - eye coordination (协调), time management and organization skills can be trained and it’s also good to help them relax.”以及“Through such education, Liu said her twins have found fun in doing chores and are more independent.”，表明她认为劳动教育能帮助学生培养不同技能，如手眼协调、时间管理和组织能力等，还能让学生更独立。 4．开篇指出“For middle and primary school students, being able to cook has become a must. They will also need to learn how to plant vegetables, raise poultry (家禽) and maintain home appliances (修理家电) under new requirements for labour education.”，直接点明文章围绕中小学生劳动教育展开，后文也围绕这一主题进行阐述。 Passage3 （2026·山东日照岚山·调研）Have you ever met someone who seemed confident before they even spoke? Confidence isn’t just something you’re born with. You can learn it. One of the best ways to start is through your body language. Your body sends messages all the time. The way you sit, stand and move tells people how you see yourself. So when you use confident body language, others notice, and over time, it can help you feel more confident too. First, start with your posture(姿势). Keep your back straight and shoulders relaxed. Avoid crossing your arms or looking down. When you walk, move at a steady(平稳的), natural pace. Rushing can make you look nervous, while smooth movements show that you feel calm and in control. Eye contact(眼神交流)is another key. Looking at the person you’re talking to shows that you’re listening and interested. You don’t have to stare at them, just meet their eyes from time to time. If that feels difficult, try looking near their eyes instead. Your hands also say a lot about how confident you feel. Keep them relaxed, not hidden in your pockets. When you shake someone’s hand, hold it strongly but friendly. Keep eye contact, smile naturally, and hold the hand for about three seconds before letting go. Leaning forward a little while someone speaks is also good, because it can show interest. You can even mirror small parts of the other person’s posture to make the conversation feel friendly and natural. Confidence isn’t just something you feel inside; it’s something you can show with practice. As your body begins to look confident, your mind often starts to believe it too! 1．Which of the following shows that you are confident? A．Keep your arms crossed all the time. B．Shake hands in a strong and friendly way. C．Look down when talking with others. 2．The word “mirror” in Paragraph 5 has the same meaning as in ________. A．Monkeys often mirror people’s actions. B．She fixed her hair in front of the mirror. C．His behavior mirrors his real thoughts. 3．Which of the following is the correct structure of the passage? A． B． C． 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Body language is more honest than words and hard to change. B．Good body language helps you make more friends easily. C．You can learn to be more confident with proper body language. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何通过学习和运用恰当的肢体语言来提升自信。 1．文中第4段提到：“When you shake someone’s hand, hold it strongly but friendly”，这里直接说明了握手时要有力且友好，这是自信的表现。 2．文中第5段原句：“You can even mirror small parts of the other person’s posture to make the conversation feel friendly and natural”，这里的mirror是动词，意思是“模仿、仿效”。A项“Monkeys often mirror people’s actions”句中mirror是动词，意为 “模仿人类的动作”，和文中含义完全一致。 3．文章①段：开头引入话题，提出 “肢体语言提升自信”；②—⑤段：分述4 种具体的肢体语言方法；⑥段：总结，呼应开头，强调练习的作用。所以全文是“总—分 —总”结构。 4．文章从开头到结尾都围绕“通过肢体语言提升自信”展开，C项和主旨完全吻合。 Passage4 （2026·山东临沂沂水·一模）In English classes, we spend a large amount of time studying grammar and learning new words. We work hard to improve our reading and listening skills. Few of us, however, pay enough attention to body language. Does that mean body language is not important? The answer is, “Of course not!” As the old saying goes, “Actions speak louder than words.” Sometimes, we can communicate things even without a single word. For example, shrugging our shoulders, and, without a word, we’ve just said, “I don’t know.” Body language can help us stress what we are saying. It can help us express our true, inner feelings. Moreover, body language can help us find out if someone is lying. Often, people who are lying do not make eye contact. They may turn away or raise their shoulders because they are uncomfortable with the conversation. In job interviews, the interviewers can sometimes judge the interviewee before he or she speaks. Body language is important in our personal lives, too. It can show if you really care about your friends. Leaning forward (身体前倾) into the conversation, for example, means you are interested in what is being said. Listening without making eye contact means you are not paying attention but are waiting for your turn to speak. Scientists have been studying body language for a long time. They say more than 70 percent of our messages are delivered through body language. Sometimes, body language is more accurate than the words we use. So it is very important for us to learn body language. By understanding body language, we are less likely to be misunderstood. We will find it easier to get a job. We will also have lasting friendships. 1．What does the author want to show by using the old saying “Actions speak louder than words”? A．Body language is important in communication. B．We don’t need to speak when communicating with other people. C．What you have said is more important than what you have done. 2．According to the article, in which of the following pictures is the woman saying, “I don’t know.”? A． B． C． 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．People who are lying usually make much eye contact. B．Leaning forward into the conversation shows you’re interested in it. C．Less than 70% of our messages are delivered through body language. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (P=paragraph) A． B． C． 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了肢体语言的重要性。 1．第2段“The answer is, ‘Of course not!’ As the old saying goes, ‘Actions speak louder than words.’ Sometimes, we can communicate things even without a single word.”谚语前的否定回答（“肢体语言不重要吗？当然不是！”）和后句“无需言语即可沟通”，均表明谚语用于证明“肢体语言在沟通中重要”，对应A选项。 2．第2段第3句“For example, shrugging our shoulders, and, without a word, we’ve just said, ‘I don’t know.’”明确指出，“耸肩”对应“I don’t know”，故选择图片中表现耸肩动作的B选项. 3．第4段第3句“Leaning forward into the conversation, for example, means you are interested in what is being said.”指出，交谈时身体前倾，表明你对谈话内容感兴趣，对应B选项。 4．根据全文段落逻辑，第一段提出“肢体语言是否重要”的问题；第二段回答问题（重要）并引用谚语；第3-5段，分角度说明肢体语言的作用；第六段总结价值。全文符合“总-分-总”结构，A选项与其匹配。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·山东烟台开发区·中考模拟）SAFETY RULES ON THE SUBWAY TRAINS At the station: ○Be patient. Line up on the platform (站台) and wait for the train. ○Be Polite. Let passengers (乘客) get off first. ○Do not rush on the train. It is dangerous. ○When you hear a “beep” sound, do not get on the train. The door is closing. Wait for another train. On the train: ○Do not eat or drink on the train. It makes the train dirty. ○Do not run on the train. ○Give up your seat to old men or women, the disabled or women carrying babies. ○Please keep your personal belongings with you at all times. 1．Why should we stop to wait for the next train when hearing a “beep” sound? A．Because people will get off the train one by one. B．Because people are walking slowly on the train. C．Because people are rushing for the train. D．Because the door is closing. 2．Which is the good behavior on the train according to the text? A．Running all the time. B．Talking or laughing loudly. C．Giving seats to old people. D．Opening the door of the train. 3．Which of the following isNot True according to the text? A．We can’t eat on the train, but we can drink on it. B．We shouldn’t get on the train when the door is closing. C．We should take care of our personal belongings on the train. D．We should wait in line on the platform if we want to get on the train at the station. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了乘坐地铁时在站台和车厢内需要遵守的各项安全行为规范。 1．第二段指出规则：“When you hear a ‘beep’ sound, do not get on the train. The door is closing.”，这直接说明听到蜂鸣声要等下一班地铁的原因是车门即将关闭。 2．倒数第二段说明要求：“Give up your seat to old men or women, the disabled or women carrying babies.”，由此可知在地铁上给老人让座是良好行为。 3．第三段明确规定：“Do not eat or drink on the train.”，说明地铁上既不能吃东西也不能喝饮品，可判断A选项表述错误。 Passage 2 （2026·山东烟台蓬莱·一模）Tea has long been a popular drink in China. Chinese people love different kinds of tea. Among them, black tea and white tea from Fujian, green tea from Zhejiang and Anhui, and dark tea from Yunnan are some of the favorites. In the Song Dynasty (960—1279), tea culture reached new heights. The beauty of the Song tea came alive through “dian cha”. Powdered (粉状的) tea was whisked (搅拌) with water into soft “clouds”. White tea was often used to make the “clouds” as white as the moonlight. Tea artists used clean water to draw pictures on them with a teaspoon. The way of serving dian cha became a living art. It later influenced Japanese tea culture. Today, more young people are learning and passing it on. Yunnan’s dark tea, especially Pu’er, got famous because of the Ancient Tea Horse Road. And it won popularity around the world. In 1976, Frenchman Fred Kempler found a new kind of Pu’er from Yunnan in a Hong Kong shop. In the same year, he visited Yunnan, bought nearly two tons, and began to sell “Yunnan Tuocha” in Europe. Since 1986, Yunnan’s Pu’er tuocha has got many prizes at food expos (博览会) in France, America and other countries. Today you can see an old Australian lady holding a cup of tea of sun-dried Pu’er, though she still enjoys her English-style black tea with milk and sugar. Tea is a bridge of friendship among nations and peoples. Tea is enjoyed timelessly from ancient to modern times. Each cup of dian cha, white as the moonlight, turned tea into art, and art into eternity (永恒). Tea is also loved globally from the east to the west. Each cup of Pu’er, with the smell of sunshine, turns tea into friendship, and friendship into a shared future. 1．What kind of tea was often used for dian cha according to the passage? A．Black tea. B．Green tea. C．Dark tea. D．White tea. 2．When did Fred Kempler begin to sell “Yunnan Tuocha” in Europe? A．In 1986. B．In 1976. C．In 1279. D．In 960. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Dian cha had no influence on Japanese tea culture. B．Pu’er tuocha has won prizes only in European countries. C．The Ancient Tea Horse Road helped Yunnan’s dark tea become famous. D．Young people today are not interested in the traditional way of dian cha. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．More Than a Drink B．Tea Trade in China C．Art in a Tea Cup D．Journey of Yunnan Tea 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了茶在中国深受喜爱，不同地区有不同种类的茶。文章讲述了宋代点茶文化以及云南普洱茶因茶马古道而闻名全球，体现了茶不仅是饮品，更是连接国家与人民友谊的桥梁。 1．文章第二段指出“White tea was often used to make the ‘clouds’ as white as the moonlight.”，明确说明白茶常被用于点茶。 2．文章第三段提到“In 1976, Frenchman Fred Kempler... began to sell ‘Yunnan Tuocha’ in Europe.”，直接表明Fred Kempler在1976年开始在欧洲销售“云南沱茶”。 3．文章第三段提及“Yunnan’s dark tea, especially Pu’er, got famous because of the Ancient Tea Horse Road.”，说明茶马古道帮助云南黑茶闻名，选项C与原文相符。 4．文章开篇指出“Tea has long been a popular drink in China.”，后文围绕茶不仅是饮品，还承载着艺术、友谊等展开，如点茶将茶变成艺术，普洱茶成为友谊的桥梁等，选项A“More Than a Drink”（不仅仅是一种饮品）能概括文章主旨。 Passage3 （2026·山东临沂沂水·一模）Thangka is a traditional art form in Xizang. On Barkhor Street in Lhasa, there are many Thangka studios. At one studio, 48-year-old Thangka painter Phurbu Tsering is working on a new painting. As he is having fun, he forgets the time. The history of Thangka paintings dates back about 1,300 years. For centuries, Thangka art was regarded as the work of “laymen” (外行), but this situation changed after the government enhanced the protection of Xizang culture. In 2006, it was added to China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List (中国非物质文化遗产). After that, a number of excellent Thangka painters stood out and made a name for themselves, including Phurbu Tsering. Influenced by his parents, Phurbu Tsering has been interested in painting since childhood. At the age of 13, he dropped out of school and came to Lhasa to learn how to paint Thangka. The process of making Thangka is complicated, with 12 steps that include gluing, polishing, drawing, and colouring. According to Phurbu Tsering, it usually takes him around two months to finish one painting. Now there are more than 3,000 Thangka painters in Xizang. Xizang University even offers a Thangka major. The rise in the number of Thangka painters best shows the government’s support for Xizang culture. At Phurbu Tsering’s studio, you can find some people watching him paint. They are his students, and he teaches them for free. For Phurbu Tsering, painting Thangka is more than a way to make a living. He looks forward to passing it on. “I hope to train more people to pass on Xizang culture,” he said. 1．What does the underlined word “complicated” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．复杂的 B．古老的 C．传统的 2．What can we learn from the text? A．Thangka is a modern art with short history. B．Phurbu Tsering keeps working hard to pass on Thangka art. C．The government pays little attention to Thangka. 3．What’s the best title for the text? A．A story of a Thangka painter. B．How to paint a Thangka. C．Thangka: A traditional art with a new life. 4．Where is the passage probably from? A．A cultural newspaper. B．A science magazine. C．A travel guide book. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了西藏传统艺术形式唐卡，包括唐卡工作室、唐卡历史、唐卡画家Phurbu Tsering的经历、唐卡制作过程、唐卡画家数量增多以及Phurbu Tsering传承唐卡艺术的愿望等内容。 1．第三段提到：“The process of making Thangka is complicated, with 12 steps that include gluing, polishing, drawing, and colouring.”，根据后文对制作唐卡包含的12个步骤（粘、打磨、绘画、上色等）的描述，可知“complicated”意思是“复杂的”。 2．最后一段提到：“For Phurbu Tsering, painting Thangka is more than a way to make a living. He looks forward to passing it on. ‘I hope to train more people to pass on Xizang culture,’ he said.”，说明Phurbu Tsering努力传承唐卡艺术。 3．文章先介绍唐卡是西藏传统艺术形式，接着讲述其历史、如今在政府支持下唐卡画家数量增多等，体现了唐卡这种传统艺术有了新的发展，C选项“Thangka: A traditional art with a new life.”符合主旨。 4．文章围绕西藏传统艺术唐卡展开，介绍了其多方面情况，属于文化范畴，最有可能来自文化报纸。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·山东青岛莱西·一模） Quick factsWhen is it? Every April 22nd What’s the official website? Earth Day Tagged as: Nature & Environment What’s the hashtag? #EarthDay When was it founded? 1970 Who founded it? Gaylord Nelson and Denis Hoyes We first published this page on: Dec 23rd, 2017 We last updated this page: Mar 5th, 2026 Have we missed something? Earth Day: Caring for Our PlanetEvery year on April 22, people around the world celebrate Earth Day. It is one of the largest environmental movements in the world. Its goal is simple but important: to inspire everyone—individuals, communities, and governments—to take action and help protect our planet. The Beginning of Earth Day The idea for Earth Day started in 1969. A former US senator named Gaylord Nelson saw a terrible oil spill in California. The disaster polluted the ocean and harmed wildlife. Nelson was also inspired by student activists who were protesting for peace. He thought, “Why can’t we use this same energy to fight for a cleaner environment?” Nelson teamed up with a young activist named Denis Hayes. Together, they planned the first Earth Day. They chose April 22, 1970, because it fell between spring break and final exams. This made it easier for college students to take part. The first Earth Day was a huge success. About 20 million Americans joined events across the country. They marched in streets and held rallies to show their support for a healthier planet. For the first time, different environmental groups came together to fight for the same cause. Earth Day Goes GlobalThe first Earth Day led to real change. Later that year, the US government created the Environmental Protection Agency. It also passed important laws to clean the air and water and protect endangered animals. In 1990, Earth Day went global. It reached over 140 countries and 200 million people. Today, more than 1 billion people in nearly 200 countries take part each year. In 2016, Earth Day was especially important. World leaders signed the Paris Agreement, a promise to work together to stop global warming. How You Can Help Earth Day reminds us that our actions matter. The way we live affects the environment, but it also affects our health, our food, and our future. You don’t have to do big things to make a difference. You can recycle more, save water, or plant a tree. Every small action helps. This Earth Day, think about what you can do to care for our planet. Together, we can make a positive change. Word Bank:senator n. 参议员  activist n. 活动家  protest v. 示威  rally n. 集会 1．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指的是)? A．The energy of student activists. B．The idea of a campus event. C．The goal of Earth Day. D．The peace protest movement. 2．Why was April 22 chosen for the first Earth Day? A．It was the date of a big oil spill. B．It was between spring break and exams. C．It was Nelson’s birthday. D．It was a global holiday. 3．What happened later in the same year after the first Earth Day? A．Students stopped protesting. B．Earth Day became a global event. C．Nelson became a famous senator. D．The US passed new environmental laws. 4．What is the main idea of the last section (部分)? A．Big actions are the only way to help. B．Only governments can protect nature. C．Small actions can also make a difference. D．Earth Day is just for celebration. 5．What is the writer’s main purpose? A．To explain Earth Day’s history. B．To describe Nelson’s life story. C．To compare Earth Day with other days. D．To show how to organize events. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了地球日的起源、发展和影响。 1．根据“The Beginning of Earth Day”部分“Nelson was also inspired by student activists who were protesting for peace. He thought, ‘Why can’t we use this same energy to fight for a cleaner environment?’”可知，Nelson受到呼吁和平的学生活动家的鼓舞，反问“为何我们不能用同样的能量来争取更清洁的环境”，这里“this”指代“学生活动家的能量”。 2．根据“The Beginning of Earth Day”部分“They chose April 22, 1970, because it fell between spring break and final exams. This made it easier for college students to take part.”可知，是因为这一天在春假和期末考试之间，更方便大学生参与。 3．根据“Earth Day Goes Global”部分“The first Earth Day led to real change. Later that year, the US government created the Environmental Protection Agency. It also passed important laws to clean the air and water and protect endangered animals.”可知，首个地球日之后，美国通过了新的环保法律。 4．段落大意题。根据最后“How You Can Help”部分“You don’t have to do big things to make a difference. You can recycle more, save water, or plant a tree. Every small action helps.”可知，不用做大事也能产生影响，回收、节水、种树这样的小行动也有帮助，因此主旨是“小行动也能带来改变”。 5．全文从地球日的创立起源、发展到如今的影响展开，核心目的是介绍说明地球日的历史。 Passage 2 （2026·山东临沂罗庄区·模拟）How do you cool yourself on hot summer days? You might turn on your air conditioner (空调), right? But in India, things aren’t so simple. Only about 20 percent of families there own an air conditioner. The rest have to face rising temperatures without any cooling tools. Now, an ancient material is stepping in to help: terracotta (赤陶土). A long long time ago, the Harappan people (哈拉帕人) used terracotta pots (罐子) to store water. These pots are still common in the Indian countryside today. They help people cool water without using electricity. The material is quite affordable, with each pot costing only one U.S. dollar. So, how do these pots work? Well, terracotta has many tiny, almost invisible (看不见的) holes on its surface. These holes allow water to slowly dry up. As the water dries up, it carries heat away, causing the area around to become cooler. Many Indian architects (建筑师) get good ideas from this simple thought. They now use terracotta in their building designs to control indoor temperatures. One pioneer in this field is Ant Studio. Its CoolAnt project adds a terracotta “skin” to buildings. The skin helps moisture (潮气) and heat move between indoor and outdoor spaces. “We’ve seen temperature drops of 6-8℃,” says Monish Siripurapu, the company’s founder (创办人). Other Indian companies are taking part. A Threshold is reusing old terracotta to make special “breathing” walls. These walls work much like Ant Studio’s terracotta “skin.” MittiCool has created terracotta fridges that can keep food fresh for three to five days without electricity. Many researchers see terracotta as a great change for our warming planet. As news spreads, the material may become more widely used. We could all stay cool without using lots of energy. 1．What does the underlined word “affordable” mean? A．difficult to get. B．beautiful and colorful. C．not too expensive. 2．What does Ant Studio’s CoolAnt project use terracotta for? A．To make fridges. B．To store water in the countryside. C．To add a “skin” to buildings for cooling. 3．What is true about terracotta from the passage? A．It is an environmentally friendly way to stay cool. B．It is a new material invented by Indian scientists. C．It will replace air conditioners all over the world soon. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To ask people to stop using air conditioners. B．To introduce the history of the Harappan people. C．To tell readers about a traditional cooling way in India. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了印度在高温天气下使用古老材料赤陶土来降温的传统方式及其现代应用，包括储水罐、建筑“表皮”、呼吸墙和无电冰箱等创新设计。 1．根据第二段“The material is quite affordable, with each pot costing only one U.S. dollar.” 从“每个陶罐仅售一美元”可知，affordable意为“价格不贵”。C项“not too expensive”与此相符。 2．根据第四段“Its CoolAnt project adds a terracotta ‘skin’ to buildings.” 并说明这种“皮肤”帮助潮气和热量在室内外空间之间流动，达到降温效果。 3．根据最后一段“may become more widely used”和“stay cool without using lots of energy”，说明它是一种环保的降温方式。A项符合文意。B项“印度科学家发明的新材料”与第二段“ancient material”矛盾；C项“将很快取代全球空调”过于绝对，文中无此表述。 4．本文从印度家庭缺乏空调的现实出发，介绍赤陶土这一传统材料的历史、原理及其在现代建筑和产品中的创新应用，核心目的是向读者介绍印度的一种传统降温方式。 Passage3 （2026·山东临沂河东区·一模）①As we all know, people work together. Each person does his or her part to make the world better. A society needs many different kinds of workers in order to work well. Similar to humans, animals also need to work together to live better. In fact, nature gives most animals a social talent that serves a number of purposes. ②Many lions work together in groups. The females need to search for food. Lions work in teams to catch other animals. They watch the animal in a circle and stop it from running away. Wolves also work in teams. They have a strong social order. They follow a leader and follow rules for the good of the group. ③The members of bee communities have special jobs. A queen bee, worker bees, and other bees live in a beehive (蜂巢). The worker bees serve the queen so the queen can lay eggs. If the queen doesn’t lay enough eggs, the busy beehive would soon be empty. In bee communities, females take on the job of protecting the beehive. ④Cows and birds often eat together to help one another. The birds eat the insects on the back of cows. And in return, the birds make a lot of warning noises. They will fly away if they find danger. Crocodiles (鳄鱼) and birds called plovers (千鸟) help each other in the same way. Crocodiles have very sharp teeth. After they eat, the tiny and harmful animals usually remain on their teeth. The plover will pick the animals out of a crocodile’s teeth. This provides food for itself and helps clean the crocodile’s teeth. ⑤There are certain similarities between human society and the animal world. We have many of the same needs, after all. We must help one another. 1．Which of the following can best describe how lions catch a sheep? (●=lion ▲=sheep) A． B． C． 2．How do cows and birds help each other? A．Birds pick harmful animals from cows’ teeth for food. B．Birds pick insects from cows’ backs to keep them clean. C．Birds find food on cows’ backs and warn them of danger. 3．What’s the structure of the text? A． B． C． 4．What’s the main purpose of the text? A．To list the reasons for saving animals. B．To tell the importance of working as a team. C．To show how people and animals help each other. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了人类社会与动物界都存在合作互助的现象，强调了团队协作的重要性。   1．第②段指出“They watch the animal in a circle and stop it from running away.”狮子捕猎时会围成一圈围住猎物，对应选项C的图示。 2．第④段指出“The birds eat the insects on the back of cows. And in return, the birds make a lot of warning noises. They will fly away if they find danger.”鸟类啄食牛身上的昆虫，同时会发出危险警报来保护牛。 3．文章结构为：①段总起，说明人类与动物都需要合作；②-④段分别以狮子、蜜蜂、牛与鸟的例子进行说明；⑤段总结，呼应开头。这是“总-分-总”结构，对应选项B的图示。 4．全文通过人类与动物界的例子，说明了团队协作、互相帮助的重要性。 Passage4 （九年级·山东泰安新泰·一模）The importance of biodiversity (生物多样性) What is biodiversity? You can think of it as a big family album (相册) that has photos of all the living things on the earth, from plants to animals, from fungi (真菌) to humans. The UN said that the biodiversity we see today is the result of 4.5 billion years of evolution (进化). Biodiversity is a web of life in which all species (物种) have their role. It is important because we depend on nature for so many things. According to the UN, more than 1 billion people depend on forests for their living. The loss (亏损) of biodiversity influences us directly. For example, if there are fewer animals that eat harmful insects, the insects will grow in number. This can harm our crops and make it hard for us to get enough food. Biodiversity usually grows slowly, but it can drop fast. According to a 2016 report of the World Wildlife Fund (基金会), the number of vertebrate animals (脊椎动物) went down by 58 percent between 1970 and 2012. Some scientists said that by the end of the 21st century, 5 percent of species will die out. ________ While extinction (灭绝) is natural, human activities like pollution and growing food, have already changed the conditions of the land. About 85 percent of wetlands have gone away, according to the UN. To help with the problem, the UN has asked the whole world to work together. In China, more than 300 endangered wildlife animals, including Asian elephants, have seen their numbers rise in 2025, said Xinhua. “Ecological civilization (生态文明) plays a big part in Chinese direction,” Inger Andersen with the UNEP (联合国环境规划署) told Xinhua. “And we look forward to that direction forming a part of the global direction for an ecological balance (平衡) with our planet.” 1．Why is biodiversity important according to the passage? A．Because it grows slowly but it can drop fast. B．Because it is a big family album with photos of all the living things on the earth. C．Because it plays an important role in protecting nature and supporting human life. D．Because it is the result of 4.5 billion years of evolution. 2．What does the example in Paragraph 3 show? A．We should keep more animals to eat harmful insects. B．The loss of biodiversity can lead to food problems. C．Biodiversity has nothing to do with food production. D．Biodiversity usually grows fast, but it can drop slowly. 3．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．Calling the world to work together B．Protecting biodiversity in China C．Keeping the balance of nature D．Reducing the humans’ activities 4．What can we learn from the text? A．Biodiversity grows and drops at a similar speed. B．Human activities like pollution have a bad influence on biodiversity. C．The number of vertebrate animals has increased by 58% from 1970 to 2012. D．In China, less than 300 endangered wildlife animals have seen their numbers rise in 2025. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了生物多样性的含义与重要性，阐述生物多样性锐减的现状、人类活动造成的破坏，并提及全球及中国为保护生态与物种做出的努力。 1．第二段指出：“Biodiversity is a web of life... It is important because we depend on nature for so many things.”，说明生物多样性维系自然运转、供给人类生存所需，对应保护自然与支撑人类生活。 2．第三段指出：“The loss of biodiversity influences us directly... This can harm our crops and make it hard for us to get enough food.”，举例说明生物多样性减少会危害农作物，引发粮食问题。 3．根据上下文可知，空缺前的内容主要讲生物多样性丧失的严重性（如物种锐减、湿地消失等），空缺后的段落提到联合国呼吁全球合作，并列举了中国的保护成果，因此，空缺处应是一个过渡句，从“问题”转向“解决方案”，A选项“呼吁全球合作”最符合这一逻辑。 4．第六段指出：“human activities like pollution and growing food, has already changed the conditions of the land.”，表明污染等人类活动对生物多样性存在负面影响。 Passage5 （2026·山东潍坊·一模）You probably remember the Flaming Mountains from Journey to the West. But do you know where the real Flaming Mountains are? They are in Turpan (吐鲁番), in the east of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It’s known as one of the hottest areas in the world. The desert sand can be as hot as 80℃ in midsummer. That’s enough to make your feet burn! It may sound crazy, but the locals can cook an egg on the desert sand. Rainfall in Turpan is only 16 mm a year. It is one of the driest places in China. How do people survive in such a terrible climate? The secret lies in the ancient karez (坎儿井) system. The karez system, in Turpan includes more than 1,000 wells (井). They appear every 20-30 metres. Some of them are 100 metres deep! Under these wells are large underground canals (运河). Water from the mountains falls into the wells. It then runs underground in the canals. It is kept cool and safe from the desert heat. There are over 5,000 km of underground canals in the area. That’s nearly as long as the Yellow River! Thanks to the karez system, people can grow plants for food in this difficult environment. And amazingly, all of this was completed with only hand tools! No wonder it’s among the top three projects of ancient China. Today, the area faces a water shortage. There is less water from the mountains, lower rainfall and a large increase in water use. Although modern technology is solving some problems, the karez system still plays an important role. Now, more and more young people are taking action to protect it. The centuries-old water system will surely be carried into the future. 1．What does the writer mean by “That’s enough to make your feet burn!”? A．The sand is so hot that it may hurt your feet. B．You can’t walk on the hot sand without shoes. C．You should wear special shoes in Turpan to protect your feet. 2．Which of the following is TRUE about the underground canals? A．They carry water from the wells to the mountains. B．They were built with the help of modern technology. C．They keep water cool and protect it from the desert heat. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Water shortage is no longer a problem. B．The karez system still matters nowadays. C．Modern technology will replace the karez system. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Turpan is one of the hottest and driest places in China. B．The karez system is an amazing ancient Chinese project. C．The karez system helps people survive in Turpan and is worth protecting. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】文章主要介绍了吐鲁番的极端气候环境以及当地人民如何依靠古老的坎儿井系统在如此恶劣的条件下生存。 1．文中第二段提到“The desert sand can be as hot as 80°C in midsummer. That’s enough to make your feet burn!”，这句话是强调沙子温度极高，足以灼伤脚部。选项A“沙子太热，可能会伤到你的脚”是对这句话的直接解释。 2．根据第三段“Water from the mountains falls into the wells. It then runs underground in the canals. It is kept cool and safe from the desert heat.”这说明地下运河的作用是保持水凉爽并保护其免受沙漠高温影响。 3．最后一段提到“Although modern technology is solving some problems, the karez system still plays an important role.”以及“more and more young people are taking action to protect it”，说明该系统至今仍具有重要价值。 4．全文围绕吐鲁番极端气候下的生存问题展开，重点介绍了坎儿井系统如何帮助人们在恶劣环境中生存，并强调其历史价值和现代保护意义。选项C“坎儿井系统帮助人们在吐鲁番生存，并值得保护”最全面地概括了文章主旨。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $