专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（安徽专用） 2026年高考英语二模分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·安徽蚌埠·二模） Researchers have created a map of Antarctica revealing thousands of never-before-seen hills, valleys and plains beneath the ice. This new information could help scientists understand how the changing climate will affect the continent. Antarctica is almost one and a half times the size of Europe. Most of it is covered in a layer of ice that’s three miles thick in places, which makes it difficult to see the shape of the land underneath. The new map has changed that. In the past, scientists used radar from air and ground surveys to work out what the land surface might look like. Radar sends out radio waves, which bounce off the ground and are reflected back. Researchers can then work out how far away the land is beneath the ice, revealing hills, valleys and plains. The trouble is, there are big distances between the areas they’ve surveyed, leaving scientists to fill in the gaps. To create the new map, the team used satellite images, surveys of the surface ice and an understanding of how ice moves. Although ice behaves differently to water, the scientists were able to figure out how the ice had flowed and pinpoint (精准定位) the mountains and valleys underneath it. “It’s like kayaking in a river with rocks underwater. Eddies (漩涡) in the surface tell you about the rocks under the water,” said the study’s lead author, Helen Ockenden from the University of Grenoble-Alpes in France. Mapping the land underneath Antarctica is important. The continent is losing ice as the planet warms. As the ice melts, it falls into the ocean, raising global sea levels. Scientists are not sure how much ice the continent will lose in the future and how this will raise sea. The shape of a landscape affects how quickly ice moves across its surface, and the speed at which it pushes up sea levels. Experts say the map will give a better idea of what’s going to happen in the future. “It’s like a grainy pixel (像素颗粒感的) film camera before, and now a properly zoomed-in digital image of what’s really going on,” said Ockenden. 1．Why did the researchers create a new map? A．To study ice in Europe. B．To forecast sea level changes. C．To replace old survey tools. D．To show Antarctica’s hidden land. 2．How did scientists discover the landforms beneath Antarctica’s ice? A．By studying ice movement. B．By drilling ice surface deep. C．By creating eddies at sea. D．By analyzing satellite images. 3．Why does mapping the Antarctic land underneath matter? A．It helps slow global warming in Antarctia.B．It helps explain past global sea level rise. C．It helps predict ice melt and sea level rise. D．It helps measure the current amount of ice. 4．What does Ockenden intend to show by mentioning the cameras? A．How much the new maps are improved. B．How many detailed maps they have made. C．Why the ice melts so quickly in Antarctica. D．When the new technology will be used. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员创建了一幅南极洲新地图，揭示了冰层下数千个从未见过的山丘、山谷和平原，并说明了其重要意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Researchers have created a map of Antarctica revealing thousands of never-before-seen hills, valleys and plains beneath the ice.(研究人员绘制了一幅南极洲地图，揭示了冰层下数千个从未见过的山丘、山谷和平原。)”以及第二段中“Most of it is covered in a layer of ice that’s three miles thick in places, which makes it difficult to see the shape of the land underneath. The new map has changed that.(大陆大部分区域都被冰层覆盖，部分地区的冰层厚度可达三英里，这导致人们很难看清冰层下方的陆地地貌，而这份新地图改变了这一现状。)”可知，研究人员绘制新地图是为了展示南极洲隐藏的陆地。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“To create the new map, the team used satellite images, surveys of the surface ice and an understanding of how ice moves. Although ice behaves differently to water, the scientists were able to figure out how the ice had flowed and pinpoint (精准定位) the mountains and valleys underneath it.(为了创建新地图，研究小组使用了卫星图像、地表冰调查以及对冰如何移动的理解。尽管冰的行为与水不同，但科学家们能够弄清楚冰是如何流动的，并精确定位其下面的山脉和山谷。)”可知，科学家们通过研究冰的运动发现南极洲冰层下的地形。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Mapping the land underneath Antarctica is important. The continent is losing ice as the planet warms. As the ice melts, it falls into the ocean, raising global sea levels. Scientists are not sure how much ice the continent will lose in the future and how this will raise sea. The shape of a landscape affects how quickly ice moves across its surface, and the speed at which it pushes up sea levels.(绘制南极洲陆地地图很重要。随着地球变暖，南极洲正在失去冰层。当冰融化时，它会落入海洋，导致全球海平面上升。科学家们不确定这个大陆未来会失去多少冰，以及这将如何导致海平面上升。地貌的形状会影响冰在其表面移动的速度，以及它推高海平面的速度。)”可知，绘制南极洲陆地地图很重要是因为它有助于预测冰川融化和海平面上升。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Experts say the map will give a better idea of what’s going to happen in the future. “It’s like a grainy pixel (像素颗粒感的) film camera before, and now a properly zoomed-in digital image of what’s really going on,” said Ockenden.(专家表示，这张地图将让人们更好地了解未来会发生什么。奥肯登说：“这就像以前是一台像素颗粒感的胶片相机，而现在是一张真正发生的事情的适当放大的数字图像。”)”可知，奥肯登提到相机是为了表明新地图有了多大的改进。 Passage 2 （2026·安徽蚌埠·二模） Passwords are the first line of defense for your online life, protecting your email, banking, shopping and work accounts. Therefore, building good password habits is very essential. Here’s our guide to keep your digital accounts safe. · Length comes first: Your password must be at least 16 characters long. Short passwords, even complex-looking ones, can be cracked within hours by automated tools, while a 16-character one may take millions of years to break, making most attackers give up. · Unique for every account: Never reuse passwords across accounts. If one account is broken into, attackers will try the same password on all your other accounts. Even small changes to a reused password do not make it unique enough. · Random and unrecognizable: Strong passwords are random mixes of letters, numbers and symbols. Avoid using names, dates or common words. While complexity matters less than length and randomness, most websites require a mix of character types. · Enable multi-factor authentication (认证) for important accounts: It adds an extra layer of protection, even if your password is stolen. · Change passwords only when necessary: Regular changes are no longer recommended. You only need to update a password if your account is leaked or you suspect unauthorized access. Long, unique and random passwords are one of the most effective ways to protect your online life, and these tips can help you start easily. 1．What is the primary factor for a safe password? A．Length. B．Uniqueness. C．Randomness. D．Changeability. 2．What is a good password habit? A．Reuse a password with slight changes. B．Update a password only if necessary. C．Use the owner’s name as a password. D．Replace passwords with authentication. 3．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A public online security guide. B．A commercial ad for password software. C．An academic essay on digital tech. D．A news report on major online data leaks. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了保护网络账户安全需养成良好密码习惯的相关建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Length comes first: Your password must be at least 16 characters long. Short passwords, even complex-looking ones, can be cracked within hours by automated tools, while a 16-character one may take millions of years to break, making most attackers give up.(长度优先：你的密码必须至少有16个字符。短密码，即使是看起来很复杂的密码，也可以在几小时内被自动化工具破解，而16个字符的密码可能需要数百万年才能破解，这让大多数攻击者放弃。)”可知，安全密码的首要因素是长度。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Change passwords only when necessary: Regular changes are no longer recommended. You only need to update a password if your account is leaked or you suspect unauthorized access.(只在必要时更改密码：不再建议定期更改密码。只有当你的账户泄露或怀疑有未经授权的访问时，你才需要更新密码。)”可知，好的密码习惯是只在必要时更新密码。故选B。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Passwords are the first line of defense for your online life, protecting your email, banking, shopping and work accounts. Therefore, building good password habits is very essential. Here’s our guide to keep your digital accounts safe.(密码是你网络生活的第一道防线，保护你的电子邮件、银行、购物和工作账户。因此，养成良好的密码习惯是非常必要的。以下是我们保护你的数字账户安全的指南。)”以及后文给出的具体建议可知，文章主要介绍了保护网络账户安全需养成良好密码习惯的相关建议，由此可推知，文章可能出自一份公共网络安全指南。故选A。 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Academy队和Apache队之间激烈的地区冠军赛，在比赛中因记分员失误导致比分错误，最终Academy队教练King在发现真相后，主动将奖杯归还给真正获胜的Apache队的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Then, with two minutes left, the referee (裁判) stopped play. The scoreboard had Academy down by 4 points; the scorebook had them down by 2. League rules state that the scorebook is final. The scoreboard was updated to 43-41, with Apache taking the lead. (然后，在比赛还剩两分钟时，裁判停止了比赛。记分牌显示Academy队落后4分；记分簿显示他们落后2分。联盟规则规定，记分簿是最终依据。记分牌更新为43比41，Apache队领先。)”可知，在比赛还剩两分钟时，因记分出现错误比赛暂停。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Just a minute before the referee stopped the game, the scorekeeper miscounted an extra basket for the Academy due to a poor angle. (就在裁判停止比赛前一分钟，由于角度不佳，记分员为Academy队多算了一个篮筐得分。)”可知，记分员给Academy队额外加分是因为他视角不佳。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Deflated but relieved to know the truth, King informed the league’s governing body. (King得知真相后，虽然感到deflated，但也松了一口气，他将情况告知了联盟的管理机构。)”可知，前后句为转折关系，King得知真相后，虽然松了一口气，但也应该是感到沮丧的，所以deflated的意思应为“沮丧的”。A. Confused困惑的；B. Discouraged沮丧的；C. Astonished惊讶的；D. Annoyed恼怒的。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Apache coach had also noticed the error and raised the issue with officials, but the score wasn’t overturned. After reviewing King’s report, they made an exception, earning Apache its win. “They worked just as hard as we did. I hated the moment was taken away from them,” says King. (Apache队的教练也注意到了这个错误，并向官员提出了这个问题，但比分没有被推翻。在审查了King的报告后，他们破例做出了决定，Apache队获胜。“他们和我们一样努力。我讨厌这一刻从他们身边被夺走，”King说。)”及全文可知，文章主要讲述了Academy队和Apache队之间激烈的地区冠军赛，在比赛中因记分员失误导致比分错误，最终Academy队教练King在发现真相后，主动将奖杯归还给真正获胜的Apache队的故事，体现了真正的冠军精神。所以“True Champions (真正的冠军)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B项。 Passage 3 （2026·安徽蚌埠·二模） Symbolic of beauty, pride, and wealth in some cultures — likely thanks to the males’ rainbow-colored tail feathers and dramatic courtship display — peacocks are often associated with being confident and attention-grabbing. So, perhaps it’s no surprise that these striking creatures can be used in a metaphor to illustrate complex family dynamics. Being honest about the ups and downs of family life isn’t something you’ll usually hear from a ‘peacock parent’. Instead, they’ll project the perfect family, parading their child’s talents in public, while criticising them behind closed doors when disappointed. For the child on the receiving end of this treatment, it can feel like their value is only as part of a show put on for everyone else’s entertainment. You may have heard the saying “as proud as a peacock”, which describes someone who thinks highly of themselves and likes to be the center of attention. When this appears in parenting, it is called narcissistic (自恋的) parenting. Such parents lack understanding and care for their children’s feelings, often control or influence them in order to meet their own emotional needs, and always want to feel powerful or special in the family. The phrase became more widely known after British psychotherapist and writer Kathleen Saxton published her book My Parent the Peacock. In the book, she looks into how narcissistic parenting influences children. She also talks about two common roles these children take on: the ‘scapegoated child’, who becomes a target for the parent’s own worries and shortcomings, and the ‘golden child’, who is treated like something valuable to make the parent feel more important and superior. Counsellor Olena Chechel says this arrogant behaviour comes from deep insecurity and lack of confidence inside these parents. That is why they see their children more like parts of themselves or tools to help them feel successful and important. “The child must be perceived as acceptable, shiny, or significant, as this all ties back to them. The message is simple: ‘You have to be what I tell you to be, because I know best,’” Olena says. “This is deeply harmful for the child, as they are not able to develop their own identity.” 1．Why does the author mention “peacocks” in the first paragraph? A．To show peacock charm. B．To introduce a parenting method. C．To fix family conflicts. D．To illustrate the family complexity. 2．What do the peacock parents look like? A．They prioritize children’s feelings over evaluations. B．They express their disappointment to children publicly. C．They attach importance to others’ perception of their family. D．They share their real family situation with people around them. 3．What’s the root cause of the parents’ behavior? A．Their low self-worth. B．Their high expectations. C．Their heavy work pressure. D．Their rich life experience. 4．What is Olena Chechel’s attitude toward peacock parenting? A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Tolerant. D．Critical. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了孔雀式父母自恋的育儿方式及其对孩子的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Symbolic of beauty, pride, and wealth in some cultures — likely thanks to the males’ rainbow-colored tail feathers and dramatic courtship display — peacocks are often associated with being confident and attention-grabbing. So, perhaps it’s no surprise that these striking creatures can be used in a metaphor to illustrate complex family dynamics.(在部分文化中，孔雀象征着美丽、骄傲与财富 —— 这多半源于雄孔雀五彩斑斓的尾羽以及极具仪式感的求偶展示。因此，孔雀常与自信、引人注目联系在一起。所以，这些外形惊艳的生物被用来比喻复杂的家庭关系，也就不足为奇了。)”和第二段中“Being honest about the ups and downs of family life isn’t something you’ll usually hear from a ‘peacock parent’.(“孔雀型父母”向来不愿坦然面对家庭生活的起起落落。)”可知，作者是为了介绍一种育儿方法，即“孔雀型父母”。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Instead, they’ll project the perfect family, parading their child’s talents in public, while criticising them behind closed doors when disappointed.(相反，他们会展现出一个完美的家庭，在公众面前炫耀孩子的才华，而当失望时，却在背后批评他们。)”可知，孔雀式父母很重视别人对他们家庭的看法。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Counsellor Olena Chechel says this arrogant behaviour comes from deep insecurity and lack of confidence inside these parents.(顾问奥莱娜·切切尔说，这种傲慢的行为源于这些父母内心深处的不安全感和缺乏自信。)”可知，父母行为的根源是他们的自我价值感低。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The message is simple: ‘You have to be what I tell you to be, because I know best,’” Olena says. “This is deeply harmful for the child, as they are not able to develop their own identity.(信息很简单：‘你必须成为我告诉你的样子，因为我最了解。’奥莱娜说。“这对孩子是非常有害的，因为他们无法发展自己的身份。”)”可知，奥莱娜·切切尔对孔雀式育儿持批判态度。故选D。 Passage 4 （2026·安徽安庆·二模） Raymond Briggs, a beloved British illustrator and storyteller, left a lasting mark on readers of all ages with his unique artistic style. Two years ago, the 88-year-old master passed away, and shortly before his death, a remarkable exhibition charting his decades-long career opened. Having traveled from Cambridge to Kirkcudbright, the major exhibition has now found its latest stop at Ditchling Museum of Art + Craft, where it will be on display for five months to celebrate his extraordinary works. At the heart of the exhibition lies a treasure collection of early drafts and drawings, each filled with corrections that reveal Briggs’strict pursuit of artistic excellence. Over a third of the 100-plus exhibits are new additions to the Ditchling stop, mixing well with the original collection organized by the Quentin Blake Centre for Illustration. For example, a set of carefully arranged wardrobe (衣柜) doors perfectly matches the previously displayed pencil drawings from Ethel and Ernest, creating a complete story of his creative journey. Briggs was a born storyteller who combined picture books and comics. He mastered the art of balancing joy and sorrow: his famous Snowman brought tears with its silent, heartbreaking melting scene, while his easily annoyed yet warm Father Christmas caused constant laughter. Having improved his skills at Wimbledon School of Art and later the Slade School of Fine Art, he laid a solid foundation for his distinctive style that resonated deeply with both children and adults. Even after achieving fame, Briggs kept a simple heart. A newly found Finnish edition of The Snowman bore his 2014 note: “I got my most famous character’s arms wrong.” This exhibition is a love letter to his fans, who, standing before his works, feel close to his creative struggles and joys. Leaving the museum, they are eager to revisit his books, stepping again into the magical world he created with simple yet deeply touching lines. 1．What is the main focus of the first paragraph? A．Briggs’influence on readers. B．An event after Briggs’death. C．A celebration of Briggs’works. D．An exhibition of Briggs’career. 2．What can we learn about the new exhibits? A．They feature items from Ethel and Ernest. B．They concentrate on Briggs’early pieces. C．They take up half of the total exhibits. D．They match the original collection well. 3．What does the underlined word “resonated” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Agreed. B．Connected. C．Struggled. D．Remained. 4．What does Briggs’note in The Snowman show about him? A．His humble attitude towards his own work. B．His desire to correct earlier mistakes. C．His regret over the creation of the character. D．His perfectionism about artistic details. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍英国插画师 Raymond Briggs 的职业生涯展览，展出其草稿与新展品，讲述他平衡悲喜的创作风格、谦逊态度与对读者的深远影响。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Raymond Briggs, a beloved British illustrator and storyteller, left a lasting mark on readers of all ages with his unique artistic style. Two years ago, the 88-year-old master passed away, and shortly before his death, a remarkable exhibition charting his decades-long career opened. Having traveled from Cambridge to Kirkcudbright, the major exhibition has now found its latest stop at Ditchling Museum of Art + Craft, where it will be on display for five months to celebrate his extraordinary works.(雷蒙德・布里格斯是一位深受喜爱的英国插画师与故事创作者，他以独特的艺术风格，给各年龄段读者留下了深远影响。两年前，这位 88 岁的艺术大师离世。在他去世前不久，一场回顾其数十年创作生涯的精彩展览正式开幕。这场重要展览从剑桥巡展至柯库布里，如今来到最新一站——迪奇林艺术与工艺博物馆，将在此展出五个月，以致敬他非凡的作品)”可知，第一段重点介绍纪念 Raymond Briggs 职业生涯的展览最新展出信息。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Over a third of the 100-plus exhibits are new additions to the Ditchling stop, mixing well with the original collection organized by the Quentin Blake Centre for Illustration.(在这100多件展品中，超过三分之一是迪奇林站的新展品，与由昆廷·布莱克插画中心组织的原藏品相得益彰)”可知，这些新展品与原藏品很相配。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Having improved his skills at Wimbledon School of Art and later the Slade School of Fine Art, he laid a solid foundation for his distinctive style that (在温布尔登艺术学校以及后来的斯莱德美术学院不断提升了自己的技艺之后，他奠定了自己独特风格的基础)”以及后文“with both children and adults(儿童和成人)”可知，风格与读者产生共鸣、建立连接。故划线词意思是“连接”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Even after achieving fame, Briggs kept a simple heart. A newly found Finnish edition of The Snowman bore his 2014 note: “I got my most famous character’s arms wrong.”(即便在成名之后，布里格斯仍保持着一颗质朴的心。一本新发现的芬兰语版《雪人》附有他2014年的自述：“我把我最著名角色的手臂画错了。”)”可知，布里格斯在《雪人》中的笔记体现了他对自己作品的谦逊态度。故选A。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·安徽安庆·二模） Sleep is risky. When you fall asleep, your defences are down, making you an easy target for predators and other threats. And yet, the majority of living things do it, including most animals, insects and even many plants. So, why did it first develop? It’s a mystery that scientists have been trying to solve for decades. Recently, a team of Israeli scientists decided to dive into the ocean in search of an answer, placing two ancient sea creatures in their sights: the upside-down jellyfish and the starlet sea anemone, which are among the oldest animals to have developed on Earth. Publishing their findings in the journal Nature Communications, the scientists report that these early creatures need about as much shut-eye as humans do and that sleep may have first emerged as a means of protecting delicate nervous tissue. Both jellyfish and the starlet sea anemone sleep about a third of the day — about 8 hours in human terms — in their natural habitats, and that the sleep schedules they keep respond heavily to sleep loss, environmental light, and body clocks. Feeding the creatures melatonin — a natural hormone (荷尔蒙) involved in sleep control, whose production is influenced by light — led to increased sleep during times when each creature would normally have been more active, but had little impact on their activity during normal rest periods. It also reduced DNA damage in both species during times of the day when they were normally awake. The scientists measured DNA damage in the two creatures under different conditions as well and found that it climbed when they were awake and worsened when they were short of sleep, but declined when they were asleep and following “recovery” sleep. They found that DNA damage pushed the creatures to sleep more. Most surprisingly, they conducted further research, and the results showed that more DNA damage led to more sleep, and more sleep reduced DNA damage. The findings suggest that sleep may have arrived on the scene to allow living things to survive the destruction of time. 1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By comparing different species. B．By explaining a key concept. C．By raising a puzzling question. D．By showing research findings. 2．What discovery did the scientists make about the two simple sea creatures? A．They have regular sleep patterns. B．They sense food in bright conditions. C．They live in shallow coastal waters. D．They take in oxygen through their skin. 3．Why does the author mention “DNA damage”? A．To indicate the harm of staying awake. B．To illustrate the initial function of sleep. C．To present the risks of cell damage. D．To introduce a basis for clock control. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Rest keeps off dangers. B．Wakefulness hurts cells. C．Light affects activities. D．Sleep fixes DNA damage. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家通过研究两种古老海洋生物揭示睡眠可能最初是为保护神经组织而进化的功能。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“So, why did it first develop? It’s a mystery that scientists have been trying to solve for decades.(那么，它最初为什么会出现呢？这是几十年来科学家们一直试图解开的谜团)”可知，作者通过提出一个令人困惑的问题来引出主题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Both jellyfish and the starlet sea anemone sleep about a third of the day — about 8 hours in human terms — in their natural habitats, and that the sleep schedules they keep respond heavily to sleep loss, environmental light, and body clocks.(水母和小海葵在自然栖息地每天大约睡三分之一的时间——按人类时间计算约为8小时——它们的睡眠时间安排对睡眠不足、环境光线和生物钟有很强的反应)”可知，科学家发现这两种简单的海洋生物有规律的睡眠模式。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The scientists measured DNA damage in the two creatures under different conditions as well and found that it climbed when they were awake and worsened when they were short of sleep, but declined when they were asleep and following “recovery” sleep. They found that DNA damage pushed the creatures to sleep more. Most surprisingly, they conducted further research, and the results showed that more DNA damage led to more sleep, and more sleep reduced DNA damage.(科学家们还测量了这两种生物在不同条件下的DNA损伤情况，发现当它们醒着时DNA损伤会增加，睡眠不足时DNA损伤会恶化，而当它们睡着或进行“恢复”睡眠后DNA损伤会减少。他们发现DNA损伤促使这些生物睡得更多。最令人惊讶的是，他们进行了进一步的研究，结果表明更多的DNA损伤会导致更多的睡眠，而更多的睡眠会减少DNA损伤)”可知，作者提到“DNA损伤”是为了说明睡眠的初始功能可能是为了减少DNA损伤，保护神经组织。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The findings suggest that sleep may have arrived on the scene to allow living things to survive the destruction of time.(这些发现表明，睡眠的出现可能是为了让生物能够在时间的摧残中生存下来)”可知，作者在最后一段暗示睡眠可以修复DNA损伤，帮助生物生存。故选D。 Passage 2 （2025·安徽黄山·二模） First they came for the eggs. Then the feta cheese, cottage cheese and cucumbers. In some countries, these ingredients (食材) were even out of stock: Iceland experienced a shortage of cucumbers, and feta briefly disappeared from grocery-store shelves. The reason for the mass purchases? Enthusiasts of online cooking were eager to recreate viral videos in which each of these ingredients starred. Few topics are as appetizing to netizens as cooking, especially over the holidays. Food is the fourth-most popular subject on the internet, up from 17th place in 2009, according to GWI, a consumer-research firm. The abundance of online-food contents not only causes occasional ingredient shortages when a video goes viral. It is also making cooking more gregarious. In eating broadcast videos, streamers can pig out food in front of a camera and field live comments from viewers and give instant feedbacks. The internet has brought people without notable restaurants or cookbooks to chef stardom. For example, around 21 million people subscribe to the YouTube of Nick DiGiovanni, a 28-year-old, Harvard-educated food personality, about the same number as subscribe to that of Gordon Ramsay, a famous British chef. The fact that social media have caused interest in food to rise as fast as home-baked bread should not come as a surprise. Everyone has to eat, and cooking is a common hobby. Video is also an efficient medium for instruction-more precise, in many ways, than the written word. Americans who recently cooked turkeys for Thanksgiving can testify that “golden brown” to one cook may look underdone to another and even burnt to a third. Successful online food personalities “recognise and make a real effort to meet the specific needs of their viewers”, explains Madeline Buxton, culture and trends manager at YouTube. Some viewers want to be entertained; others want to learn, travel or eat vicariously (感同身受地) through people more adventurous than they are. Online chefs and food boosters sell a lifestyle: you are what you eat, how you eat and what you watch about eating. 1．What caused some ingredients to be sold out in Iceland? A．The delicacy of those ingredients. B．The modest price of those ingredients. C．The inadequacy of online food contents. D．Food lovers’ rush to remake online videos. 2．What does the underlined word “gregarious” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Creative. B．Social. C．Convenient. D．Famous. 3．Why does the author mention Thanksgiving turkey cooking? A．To illustrate tastes differ in turkey cooking. B．To turn cooking into a widespread pastime. C．To show videos deliver clearer instructions. D．To suggest a preferred way of turkey cooking. 4．What is Buxton’s opinion about successful online food contents? A．They should be entertaining and instructive. B．They should be adventurous and healthy. C．They should be tailored to different needs. D．They should be devoted to a balanced lifestyle. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了网络烹饪视频对食材供应、烹饪社交性以及人们对食物兴趣的影响，解释了网络烹饪视频为何受欢迎，以及它们如何改变人们的烹饪习惯和社交方式。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In some countries, these ingredients (食材) were even out of stock: Iceland experienced a shortage of cucumbers, and feta briefly disappeared from grocery-store shelves. The reason for the mass purchases? Enthusiasts of online cooking were eager to recreate viral videos in which each of these ingredients starred.(在一些国家，这些食材甚至脱销了：冰岛遭遇了黄瓜短缺，羊乳酪也一度从杂货店的货架上消失不见。大规模抢购的原因是什么呢？网络烹饪爱好者们急切地想要复刻那些在网上走红的视频，而上述每一种食材都是这些视频的主角。)”可知，在冰岛一些食材脱销的原因是网络烹饪爱好者们急切地想要复刻那些在网上走红的视频，而这些食材是视频中的主角，也就是美食爱好者们争相翻拍网络视频导致了食材的脱销。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上下文“The abundance of online-food contents not only causes occasional ingredient shortages when a video goes viral. It is also making cooking more gregarious. In eating broadcast videos, streamers can pig out food in front of a camera and field live comments from viewers and give instant feedbacks.(网络上丰富的美食内容不仅会在某个视频走红时偶尔导致食材短缺，还让烹饪变得更gregarious。在吃播视频中，主播们可以在镜头前大快朵颐，同时处理观众的实时评论并即时给出反馈。)”中的“在吃播视频中，主播们可以在镜头前大快朵颐，同时处理观众的实时评论并即时给出反馈。”可知，网络美食内容让烹饪不再只是个人的行为，而是通过网络视频的形式，让主播和观众之间有了互动和交流，这体现了烹饪变得更具社交性。选项B“social”意为“社交的”与此相符。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Video is also an efficient medium for instruction-more precise, in many ways, than the written word. Americans who recently cooked turkeys for Thanksgiving can testify that “golden brown” to one cook may look underdone to another and even burnt to a third.(视频也是一种高效的教学媒介——在很多方面，它比文字更加精确。最近为感恩节烹饪火鸡的美国人可以证明，对于一位厨师来说“呈金黄色”的火鸡，在另一位厨师眼里可能还没熟透，而在第三位厨师看来甚至可能已经烤焦了。)”可知，作者先指出视频是一种高效的教学媒介，在很多方面比文字更精确，然后以美国人烹饪感恩节火鸡为例，说明对于“金黄色”这个文字描述，不同的厨师理解不同，有的觉得没熟透，有的觉得烤焦了，通过这个例子来进一步表明视频能传递更清晰的指令，比文字更有优势。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Successful online food personalities “recognise and make a real effort to meet the specific needs of their viewers”, explains Madeline Buxton, culture and trends manager at YouTube.(YouTube的文化与趋势经理Madeline Buxton解释说，成功的网络美食名人“认识到并真正努力满足观众的特定需求”。)”可知，Madeline Buxton认为成功的网络美食内容创作者会认识到并真正努力去满足观众的特定需求，也就是说成功的网络美食内容应该是根据不同观众的不同需求来定制的。故选C。 Passage 3 （2025·安徽芜湖·二模） Lots of activities are linked to better brain health in old age. Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially beneficial by being intellectually stimulating. In a landmark paper, researchers found that dementia (痴呆) patients who were bilingual (双语的) developed symptoms four years later, on average, than those who weren’t. “We use language in all aspects of daily life, so a bilingual brain is constantly working,” said Mark Antoniou, an associate professor at Western Sydney University. However, despite the proven benefits of language learning for brain health, the actual impact of learning a new language later in life on cognitive (认知的) abilities is still a subject of ongoing research with mixed findings. Research by Dr. Antoniou and his colleagues found that while Chinese adults aged 60 and older improved on cognition tests after a six-month language learning program, people who played games like crossword puzzles did as well. Another small study found that older Italians who took English lessons for four months didn’t see any change in their cognition scores, but those who didn’t take the lessons saw their scores decline. Two recent studies found virtually no difference in cognitive performance after people took part in language-learning programs. The scientists who conducted those studies offered a few potential explanations for their disappointing results. One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, who may have already been at peak performance for their age, making it hard to see any improvements. Another is about the language programmes. “The studies looking into the issue have used language lessons that were very different in their length,” said Judith Grossman, a researcher. Some studies involved teaching participants for six months, while others for just one very intense week. To Dr. Antoniou, the findings are not entirely surprising. “No one would say that learning a new language for six months would be the same as having used two languages for your entire life,” he said. “Therefore, it’s ideal to get the ball rolling in childhood to maximize its ability to improve cognitive function throughout life.” 1．How does speaking various languages offer benefits? A．By keeping the brain active. B．By relieving mental symptoms. C．By improving one’s intelligence. D．By increasing language fluency. 2．What do the studies show about language learning in paragraph 2? A．It doesn’t show consistent cognitive improvement. B．It is more effective than playing crossword puzzles. C．It prevents the decline of old people’s mental health. D．It fails to bring any cognitive benefit to older Italians. 3．Why did the results in some language-learning studies turn out disappointing? A．Researchers used outdated teaching materials. B．Volunteers were already at their age’s cognitive peak. C．The language courses focused on irrelevant vocabulary. D．Participants lacked motivation to learn a new language. 4．What might be Antoniou’s suggestion? A．Examining scientific findings critically. B．Finding more ways to enhance cognition. C．Studying a new language from an early age. D．Learning essential skills throughout childhood. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是学习多种语言对老年人认知健康的影响及相关研究结果，探讨了双语能力与大脑健康的关联性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially beneficial by being intellectually stimulating.(专家表示，经常说多种语言可能会通过激发智力而特别有益)”以及““We use language in all aspects of daily life, so a bilingual brain is constantly working,” said Mark Antoniou, an associate professor at Western Sydney University.(西悉尼大学副教授Mark Antoniou说：“我们在日常生活的各个方面都使用语言，所以双语大脑一直在工作。”)”可知，经常说多种语言通过刺激智力，让大脑不断工作，也就是让大脑保持活跃来提供益处。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Research by Dr. Antoniou and his colleagues found that while Chinese adults aged 60 and older improved on cognition tests after a six-month language learning program, people who played games like crossword puzzles did as well. Another small study found that older Italians who took English lessons for four months didn’t see any change in their cognition scores, but those who didn’t take the lessons saw their scores decline. Two recent studies found virtually no difference in cognitive performance after people took part in language-learning programs.(Antoniou和他的同事的研究发现，60岁及以上的中国成年人在参加了六个月的语言学习项目后，认知测试成绩有所提高，玩填字游戏的人也是如此。另一项小型研究发现，上了四个月英语课的年长意大利人认知分数没有变化，但那些没有上课的人分数下降了。最近的两项研究发现，人们参加语言学习项目后，认知表现几乎没有差异)”可知，有的研究表明60岁及以上中国成年人在六个月语言学习后认知测试有提高，玩填字游戏的人也有提高，有的研究发现上四个月英语课的意大利老人认知分数无变化，还有的研究发现参加语言学习项目后认知表现几乎无差异。由此推知，语言学习对认知的改善并不一致。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中 “One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, who may have already been at peak performance for their age, making it hard to see any improvements.(其中一个原因是，参与者都是积极性很高的志愿者，他们可能已经达到了其年龄的认知巅峰，这使得很难看到任何进步)”可知，一些语言学习研究结果令人失望的一个原因是参与者是积极性很高的志愿者，他们可能已经达到了其年龄的认知巅峰，所以很难看到任何改善。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中 ““No one would say that learning a new language for six months would be the same as having used two languages for your entire life,” he said. “Therefore, it’s ideal to get the ball rolling in childhood to maximize its ability to improve cognitive function throughout life.”(他说：“没有人会认为只学习六个月的新语言能和一辈子使用两种语言的效果相同。因此，最好从小就开始学习新语言，以便最大限度地提升一生中的认知功能。”)”可知，Antoniou认为学习六个月新语言和一生使用两种语言不一样，所以理想的是在童年时期就开始学习语言，以最大限度地提高其在一生中改善认知功能的能力。由此推知，Antoniou建议从小学习一门新语言。故选C项。 Passage 4 （2025·安徽池州·二模）Wu Xiong, a 40-year-old headmaster, has spent 20 years turning a once-deserted rural school in the mountains into a center for sports and education. In 2004, Wu became headmaster of Tangfang Primary School in Baling Town, Guizhou Province. At that time, the school was merely an old house, with 3 teachers and 75 students. Worse still, many children showed little interest in attending school. To address this issue, Wu had an idea: sports. In 2006, the school held its first sports meeting. “We carried a cement slab (水泥板) from 1.5 kilometers away and used wooden boards as a net for a table tennis competition,” Wu recalled. With more money put into education, Tangfang Primary School got better facilities, but Wu still felt it necessary for students to participate in sporting activities. Now, basketball hoops (篮圈) are designed in three different sizes to suit students of different age groups, while sports equipment storage facilities are never locked up. Wu also makes it a rule that PE cannot yield to other subjects. Now, students have at least 2.5 hours set aside every day for physical activities. Among the 469 students of the school, only six wear glasses. Meanwhile, by participating in various sports competitions, the students learn how to deal with wins and losses properly. According to a recent report, the school's average scores have risen from below 30 in 2004 to over 80 in 2023. Sports have offered the students another way out of the mountains. More than 100 graduates of the school have entered middle schools as sports-focused students. Wu hopes that the happy school memories will help graduates stay connected to their hometown and get ready for their future. 1．What inspired Wu to think of sports as a solution? A．Rich sports resources. B．Requirements from teachers. C．Students' lack of interest in study. D．Children's stress from examinations. 2．What does the underlined phrase "yield to" in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Compare with. B．Give in to. C．Contribute to. D．Take the place of. 3．Why does the author list the numbers in Paragraph 4? A．To show progress in grades. B．To highlight influences of sports. C．To stress the importance of study. D．To introduce types of sports activities. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Headmaster Transformed School With Sports B．A Unique Physical Education Class C．Students Made Breakthroughs in Competition D．The Life Story of a Headmaster 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕吴雄校长通过体育改变乡村学校的故事展开，重点描述了他如何利用体育提升学生的兴趣、健康和学业成绩。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Worse still, many children showed little interest in attending school. To address this issue, Wu had an idea: sports.(更糟糕的是，许多孩子对上学没什么兴趣。为了解决这个问题，吴有了一个想法：体育)”可知，吴校长想到用体育来解决学生对学习缺乏兴趣的问题。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据上文的句子“With more money put into education, Tangfang Primary School got better facilities, but Wu still felt it necessary for students to participate in sporting activities.(随着更多的资金投入到教育中，堂坊小学得到了更好的设施，但吴仍然认为学生参加体育活动是必要的)”和空格前的“Wu also makes it a rule that PE cannot(吴还规定体育课不能)”可知，因为吴校长认为学生参加体育活动是必要的，所以他肯定是规定体育课不能给其它科目让步，所以划线短语yield to的意义为“屈服；让步”，与give in to意义一致。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段的内容“Now, students have at least 2.5 hours set aside every day for physical activities. Among the 469 students of the school, only six wear glasses. Meanwhile, by participating in various sports competitions, the students learn how to deal with wins and losses properly. According to a recent report, the school's average scores have risen from below 30 in 2004 to over 80 in 2023. Sports have offered the students another way out of the mountains. More than 100 graduates of the school have entered middle schools as sports-focused students.(现在，学生们每天至少有2.5小时的时间用于体育活动。在学校的469名学生中，只有6人戴眼镜。同时，通过参加各种体育比赛，学生们学会了如何正确处理输赢。根据最近的一份报告，该校的平均分数从2004年的不到30分上升到2023年的80多分。体育运动为学生们走出大山提供了另一条出路。该校100多名毕业生以体育学生的身份进入了中学)”可推知，这些数据列举了学生的近视率低、学业成绩提升和体育特长生的升学情况，旨在强调体育对学生发展的积极影响。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段“Wu Xiong, a 40-year-old headmaster, has spent 20 years turning a once-deserted rural school in the mountains into a center for sports and education.(40岁的校长吴雄花了20年时间，把一所曾经荒废的山区农村学校变成了一个体育和教育中心)”可知，全文围绕吴校长通过体育改变乡村学校的故事展开，重点描述了他如何利用体育提升学生的兴趣、健康和学业成绩。由此可知，A项“Headmaster Transformed School With Sports(校长用体育改变了学校)”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选A项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·安徽马鞍山·二模） Cities have adopted different approaches when it comes to street lighting, but all approaches have prioritized bright uniform street lighting for safety. However, evidence shows that this artificial lighting can change the behavior of nocturnal (夜行的) wildlife. To address this problem, Gladsaxe, a suburb of Copenhagen, introduced a new lighting approach by installing red-spectrum (红色光谱) LED street lighting along a 700-meter stretch of Frederiksborgvej and the Farum cycle superhighway. Gladsaxe’s red lighting helps limit the ecological impact that often comes with white light while still preserving visibility for road users. As far as a trade-off around light pollution goes, the Gladsaxe project provides a potential model for other cities. During the initial installation in 2022, the lighting design used 30 one-meter-high bollards (桩) spaced30 meters apart to project red light that leaves spaces of complete darkness between them, which the designers said allow light-shy bats to cross without exposure while still providing lighting continuity for the bicycle path. At locations where cyclists and pedestrians cross the road, the project added 12 poles at 3.5 meters to create a distinct visual environment and improve safety at those points. Partnering design company Light Bureau reported the installation met required lighting and uniformity levels in selected sections to support Danish road and cycle-path standards, and the project received a Build Back Better GREEN Award in 2022 for minimizing negative impacts on biodiversity while providing safe passage for road users. Light Bureau stated it intended to continue working with biologists to evaluate whether the red-spectrum approach achieved its intended ecological outcomes, indicating post-installation monitoring and assessment would inform future installations or adjustments. The project is now being viewed as a potential model for other cities worldwide dealing with light pollution and its effects on wildlife, while demonstrating how urban design can be adapted to meet both human safety needs and environmental goals. 1．What is the purpose of the Gladsaxe project? A．To reduce energy consumption. B．To make the streets more pleasing. C．To improve visibility for residents. D．To minimize disturbance to wildlife. 2．What can be learnt about the bollards and the poles? A．They are intended to ensure the safety of installers. B．They balance the needs of animals and path users. C．They serve as special decorations along the route. D．They are of similar heights and evenly spaced. 3．What can we say about the project based on Light Bureau’s report? A．It’s received recognition. B．It’s postponed intended outcomes. C．It’s secured partnerships. D．It’s stopped light pollution worldwide. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．White Light, Bright Night. B．Light Pollution in the City. C．Red Light, Safe Night. D．Lighting for the Wildlife. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了哥本哈根郊区Gladsaxe通过安装红色光谱LED路灯来减少对野生动物的干扰，同时确保道路使用者的安全，为其他城市提供了潜在的模式。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, evidence shows that this artificial lighting can change the behavior of nocturnal (夜行的) wildlife. To address this problem, Gladsaxe, a suburb of Copenhagen, introduced a new lighting approach by installing red-spectrum (红色光谱) LED street lighting along a 700-meter stretch of Frederiksborgvej and the Farum cycle superhighway. (然而，有证据表明，这种人工照明会改变夜行野生动物的行为。为了解决这个问题，哥本哈根郊区Gladsaxe引入了一种新的照明方式，在700米长的Frederiksborgvej和Farum自行车高速公路上安装了红色光谱LED路灯。)”以及第二段中“Gladsaxe’s red lighting helps limit the ecological impact that often comes with white light while still preserving visibility for road users. (Gladsaxe的红色照明有助于限制白光通常带来的生态影响，同时仍为道路使用者保持可见度。)”可知，Gladsaxe项目的目的是尽量减少对野生动物的干扰。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“During the initial installation in 2022, the lighting design used 30 one-meter-high bollards (桩) spaced30 meters apart to project red light that leaves spaces of complete darkness between them, which the designers said allow light-shy bats to cross without exposure while still providing lighting continuity for the bicycle path. At locations where cyclists and pedestrians cross the road, the project added 12 poles at 3.5 meters to create a distinct visual environment and improve safety at those points. (在2022年的初步安装过程中，照明设计使用了30个一米高的路桩，间隔30米，投射出红光，使它们之间留有完全黑暗的空间，设计师说，这可以让怕光的蝙蝠在不暴露的情况下穿过，同时仍为自行车道提供连续的照明。在骑自行车的人和行人过马路的地方，该项目增加了12根3.5米高的杆子，以创造一个独特的视觉环境，并提高这些地方的安全性。)”可知，路桩和杆子平衡了动物和道路使用者的需求。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Partnering design company Light Bureau reported the installation met required lighting and uniformity levels in selected sections to support Danish road and cycle-path standards, and the project received a Build Back Better GREEN Award in 2022 for minimizing negative impacts on biodiversity while providing safe passage for road users. (合作设计公司Light Bureau报告称，安装的选定部分达到了所需的照明和均匀度水平，符合丹麦道路和自行车道标准，该项目在2022年获得了“重建更好绿色奖”，因为它在为道路使用者提供安全通道的同时，最大限度地减少了对生物多样性的负面影响。)”可知，根据Light Bureau的报告，该项目获得了认可。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“However, evidence shows that this artificial lighting can change the behavior of nocturnal (夜行的) wildlife. To address this problem, Gladsaxe, a suburb of Copenhagen, introduced a new lighting approach by installing red-spectrum (红色光谱) LED street lighting along a 700-meter stretch of Frederiksborgvej and the Farum cycle superhighway. (然而，有证据表明，这种人工照明会改变夜行野生动物的行为。为了解决这个问题，哥本哈根郊区Gladsaxe引入了一种新的照明方式，在700米长的Frederiksborgvej和Farum自行车高速公路上安装了红色光谱LED路灯。)”以及最后一段“The project is now being viewed as a potential model for other cities worldwide dealing with light pollution and its effects on wildlife, while demonstrating how urban design can be adapted to meet both human safety needs and environmental goals. (该项目现在被视为世界各地其他城市处理光污染及其对野生动物影响的潜在模式，同时展示了城市设计如何适应人类安全需求和环境目标。)”可知，文章主要讲述了哥本哈根郊区Gladsaxe通过安装红色光谱LED路灯来减少对野生动物的干扰，同时确保道路使用者的安全，为其他城市提供了潜在的模式。可知，C选项“红灯，安全夜”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 2 （2025·安徽·二模） In the past thirty years, bee numbers in the United Kingdom have fallen by nearly a third. The main reasons are climate change and the loss of natural habitats. These changes make it hard for bees to find enough pollen (花粉) and nectar (花蜜). Pollen is very important because it gives bees proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Without these nutrients, bees cannot stay healthy. Beekeepers sometimes give bees extra food, but these supplements do not have all the nutrients bees need. As a result, the lack of good food has become a serious problem for the survival of honeybees. To solve this problem, scientists led by Professor Geraldine Wright from the University of Oxford worked to design a better food. The challenge was that bees need special nutrients called sterols, which are not easy to make. The team first studied which sterols bees need, and then found a way to produce them. They created a type of yeast (酵母) that can make all six sterols needed by bees. The next step was to prepare the food in a form that bees would accept. Since bees are picky eaters, the team made a soft ‌“cookie-dough” mixture with bee-friendly ingredients. The scientists tested the new food in glasshouses. The results were impressive. Colonies that ate the superfood produced up to fifteen times more young bees than colonies that did not eat it. These young bees also grew into healthy adults. The bees with the new diet lived longer, took better care of their young, and were stronger against diseases. This showed that the superfood could greatly improve bees’ growth and survival. Wright called this new food ‌“a huge breakthrough for the species”. The study has important significance for both bees and people. With this new food, bees will not need to fight so much for wildflowers. This can help bee populations recover and become stronger. Since bees are key pollinators (授粉者) for many crops, protecting them also helps protect human food supplies. If the superfood is used on a larger scale, it could be a big step toward saving bees and supporting global food security. 1．What main problem do UK bees face? A．Lack of food supplements. B．Spreading of serious diseases. C．Shortage of pollen and nectar. D．Decline of activity and strength. 2．How did scientists address the problem? A．By offering special nutrients to bees. B．By testing natural pollen sources. C．By planting diverse wildflowers. D．By changing bees’ living environment. 3．What effect did the superfood bring to bees? A．They became virus-resistant. B．Their colonies reduced in size. C．Their young had longer lives. D．They stopped being picky eaters. 4．What broader value does the study show? A．It promotes scientific progress. B．It strengthens stable food supply. C．It increases sales of flower seeds. D．It quickens world trade in crops. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国蜜蜂数量因气候变化和自然栖息地丧失而锐减，科学家为此研发出一种特殊食物，显著改善了蜜蜂的生长和生存状况，这一研究对保护蜜蜂和人类食物供应具有重要意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In the past thirty years, bee numbers in the United Kingdom have fallen by nearly a third. The main reasons are climate change and the loss of natural habitats. These changes make it hard for bees to find enough pollen and nectar.(在过去的30年里，英国的蜜蜂数量下降了近三分之一。主要原因是气候变化和自然栖息地的丧失。这些变化使蜜蜂很难找到足够的花粉和花蜜)”可知，英国蜜蜂面临的主要问题是花粉和花蜜的短缺。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The team first studied which sterols bees need, and then found a way to produce them. They created a type of yeast that can make all six sterols needed by bees.(研究小组首先研究了蜜蜂需要哪些甾醇，然后找到了一种生产它们的方法。他们创造了一种酵母，可以产生蜜蜂所需的所有六种甾醇)”和第三段中“The scientists tested the new food in glasshouses.(科学家们在温室里测试了这种新食物)”可知，科学家通过研究并生产蜜蜂所需的特殊营养素(甾醇)来解决问题，即通过提供特殊营养素来解决食物短缺问题。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“These young bees also grew into healthy adults. The bees with the new diet lived longer, took better care of their young, and were stronger against diseases.(这些幼蜂也成长为了健康的成年蜂。食用这种新型食物的蜜蜂寿命更长，更懂得照料蜂崽，抗病能力也更强)”可知，这种超级食物使幼蜂更健康，寿命更长。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Since bees are key pollinators for many crops, protecting them also helps protect human food supplies. If the superfood is used on a larger scale, it could be a big step toward saving bees and supporting global food security.(由于蜜蜂是许多农作物的主要授粉者，保护它们也有助于保护人类的食物供应。如果这种超级食物能在更大范围内使用，这将是拯救蜜蜂和支持全球粮食安全的一大步)”可知，这项研究的更广泛价值在于，通过拯救蜜蜂这一关键授粉者，有助于稳定人类的粮食供应。故选B项。 Passage 3 （2024·安徽淮北·二模）Here’s a recipe for a good animal rescue story: Take one residential creek (小溪), add one lone dolphin and then bring in 28 determined biologists. Mix well and enjoy the happy ending. A young dolphin wandered off its usual path and ended up in a creek in Clearwater, Florida. Biologists with Clearwater Marine Aquarium had been monitoring it since Jan. 1. It appeared reluctant to return to open waters via a small opening under a bridge. “Since monitoring began, the dolphin had not left the creek,” the aquarium said last week. “This posed potential long-term problems. Dolphins are naturally sociable creatures, so if they are isolated from other dolphins, they may turn their attention to human interaction.” This can be dangerous, both for dolphins and humans. Humans who get too close to dolphins can find themselves with injuries such as broken bones. Clearwater Marine Aquarium partnered with NOAA Fisheries and the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission to guard the dolphin to safety. A team of 28 biologists got into the water to form a human chain, creating a visual and sound barrier to aim the dolphin out of the creek. It’s not easy to pull off a human chain in a creek. The biologists had to stay shoulder to shoulder and navigate trees and docks without giving the dolphin an opportunity to slip by. The human encouragement worked, though there was a moment of uncertainty as the team members neared the bridge and weren’t sure if the dolphin went through. The biologists celebrated the dolphin’s arrival on the other side.“It was very exciting after almost 20 plus days for him to finally be out of the canal,” said senior rescue biologist Brittany Baldrica. The wandering dolphin stands a good chance back out in the wild. “We noted that the animal was in good body condition with normal breathing rates and was displaying normal behavior during observations” the aquarium said. Happy ending achieved. 1．What attracted the biologists to monitor a young dolphin? A．Its unusual wandering path. B．A small opening under a bridge. C．Its interactions with human. D．A creek with potential problems. 2．Why did the biologists stay shoulder to shoulder? A．To experience dolphins’ swim in the creek. B．To avoid heavy injuries from the sociable dolphin. C．To create a barrier guiding the dolphin out of the creek. D．To give encouragement to each other while working in the wild. 3．Which can best describe the author’s writing style? A．Humorous. B．Flowery. C．Informal. D．Rough. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Good Way to Rescue Wild Animals. B．A Human Chain to Save a Dolphin’s Life. C．A Heart-stopping Survival Game in Florida. D．A Celebration of Biologists Studying Dolphins. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了生物学家们排成人链拯救了一只海豚。生物学家们没有使用渔网或任何可能令海豚感到压力的工具，使海豚最后顺利逃离了淡水河。 1．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“A young dolphin wandered off its usual path and ended up in a creek in Clearwater, Florida. (佛罗里达州克利尔沃特市，一只小海豚偏离了原来的路线，最终掉进了一条小溪里)”可知，吸引生物学家来监测一只小海豚是因为它不同寻常的漫游路径。故选A。 2．细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“The biologists had to stay shoulder to shoulder and navigate trees and docks without giving the dolphin an opportunity to slip by. (生物学家们不得不肩并肩地呆在树上和码头上，不给海豚一个溜走的机会)”可知，生物学家排成人链是为了建造一个屏障，引导海豚离开小溪。故选C。 3．推理判断题。文章开头作者用 recipe一词引出主题，recipe一词为双关，即指写文章的秘诀，也指烹饪所用的食谱。作者在此把写文章比作做菜，这篇救援文章里的几个要素就如食材混合在一起之后(mix well)，让它成为了一篇好文章。在文章末尾处“Happy ending achieved.(圆满结束)”，进行呼应，可见这是一种幽默的表达。由此推知，作者的写作风格是幽默的。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。本文为新闻报道，讲述了一群热血生物学家用人链送一条海豚重返大海，文章第一段讲到“Here’s a recipe for a good animal rescue story: Take one residential creek (小溪), add one lone dolphin and then bring in 28 determined biologists. Mix well and enjoy the happy ending. (这里有一个很好的动物救援故事的食谱：以一条居民小溪为例，加上一只孤独的海豚，然后引进28位坚定的生物学家。好好混合，享受幸福的结局)”可知，文章的最佳标题是拯救海豚生命的人链。故选B。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·安徽合肥·二模） A common element found in table salt may hold the key to powering the next wave of electric vehicles (EVs). Most EVs in the world today are powered by lithium-ion (锂离子) batteries, which perform differently in cold and warm weather. In low temperatures, most lithium-ion batteries would deliver only a very small fraction of their original capacity unless the pack has an active heating system. Batteries store and release energy by moving charged particles (粒子) between electrodes, the two ends of a battery, through an electrolyte, a substance that allows electricity to move; cold temperatures make those processes inactive. To address the issue, a leading battery producer says its sodium-ion (钠离子) pack can keep charging and delivering power far below freezing. As the name implies, sodium-ion batteries replace lithium with sodium, an element found widely in salts. Although sodium ions are larger, they form weaker bonds with the liquid electrolyte than lithium does. This allows them to move much more easily than lithium ions, even when the cold thickens the electrolyte. Consequently, while cold weather slows all ions down, sodium-based systems are less affected, preserving more power and capacity in winter. Laboratory data suggest that at -30℃, this battery can deliver nearly three times the discharge power of equivalent lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, the cheap, standard-range batteries that dominate the EV market. It can charge to 90 percent full when the temperature drops to -40℃ and achieves “stable power delivery” at -50℃ in test conditions. Still, the young supply chain means manufacturing these batteries is currently about 30 percent more expensive, realistically pushing mass production toward the end of this decade. “We should be looking into lowering the cost while maintaining their strong performance at low temperatures,” says Phate Zhang, an EV news founder. 1．What do we know about lithium-ion EVs? A．They need much higher maintenance fees. B．Their power system can be unstable sometimes. C．Their power output might be affected by the cold. D．They lose capacity in extreme weather conditions. 2．Why do sodium-ion batteries work better in cold weather? A．They move much faster than lithium ones. B．They are larger and more active in the electrolyte. C．Their electrolyte stays less affected by low temperatures. D．They interact more weakly with the electrolyte than lithium ions do. 3．How does the author show the superiority of sodium-ion batteries? A．By quoting experts. B．By analyzing causes. C．By describing a process. D．By making comparisons. 4．What is Phate Zhang’s suggestion about? A．Possible direction for future study. B．Choice of new research methods. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the finding. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了食盐中广泛含有的钠元素可用于制造钠离子电池，该电池相比锂离子电池耐寒能力更强、低温性能更优越，适合严寒环境下的电动汽车使用，但目前生产成本更高，未来需要在控成本的同时保留低温优势。 1．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“In low temperatures, most lithium-ion batteries would deliver only a very small fraction of their original capacity unless the pack has an active heating system.(在低温环境下，除非电池组配有主动加热系统，否则大多数锂离子电池只能输出原本容量的极小一部分。)” 可知，锂离子电动汽车的动力输出会受到寒冷天气的影响。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第三段“Although sodium ions are larger, they form weaker bonds with the liquid electrolyte than lithium does.(虽然钠离子体积更大，但它们与液态电解质形成的结合键比锂离子更弱。)”及“This allows them to move much more easily than lithium ions, even when the cold thickens the electrolyte.(这使得它们比锂离子移动起来要容易得多，即便低温让电解液变得黏稠时也是如此。)” 可知，钠离子与电解质的相互作用比锂离子更微弱，因此在寒冷环境中运转表现更好。 3．推理判断题。根据原文第四段“Laboratory data suggest that at -30℃, this battery can deliver nearly three times the discharge power of equivalent lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, the cheap, standard-range batteries that dominate the EV market.(实验数据表明，在零下30摄氏度时，这款电池的放电功率是同等磷酸铁锂电池的近三倍，而磷酸铁锂电池是主导电动汽车市场的平价标准版电池。)” 可知，作者通过将钠离子电池与锂离子电池进行对比，展现钠离子电池的优越性。 4．细节理解题。根据原文第五段““We should be looking into lowering the cost while maintaining their strong performance at low temperatures,” says Phate Zhang (Phate Zhang表示：“我们应当着手研究降低成本，同时保持其在低温下的优异性能。”)” 可知，Phate Zhang提出了未来研究和发展的努力方向。 Passage 2 （2026·安徽合肥·二模） When something breaks today, many people simply replace it. A weak phone battery, a leaking coffee maker, or a silent radio often ends up in the trash long before its useful life is over. Yet across many communities, a different habit is returning. At events known as Repair Cafes, people bring broken items to volunteers who help them find the problem and try to fix it. The idea originated in Amsterdam about 15 years ago and has since spread widely. Surveys conducted by the Open Repair Alliance show more than 200,000 repair attempts have been recorded by over 1,100 groups in dozens of countries. The organization also estimates that more than 4,000 repair communities may now be active around the world. A typical repair event is simple. People arrive with lamps, laptops, toys, clothes, vacuum cleaners, or kitchen tools. Instead of paying for an official service, they sit down with volunteers and work through the problem together. Sometimes the repair succeeds quickly. Sometimes it does not. Even then, the process still matters. Owners learn how products are designed, why they fail, and what makes some items easier to repair than others. For that reason, Repair Cafes show that practical knowledge can be shared and that many products are more repairable than people assume. At the same time, the experience of community repair has exposed a deeper problem in manufacturing. In modern consumer culture, products often seem opaque to ordinary users, as if they were sealed boxes not meant to be opened. In 16% of all recorded cases, a repair cannot be completed because the product cannot be opened, and in another 12% of cases, the information needed to complete the repair is missing. In this sense, community repair does more than save objects. It also provides evidence about how products are made and what should change. In an age of fast consumption, these events remind us that value does not disappear the moment something stops working. 1．Why does the author include many figures in paragraph 2? A．To stress the problem of broken items. B．To show the rapid growth of Repair Cafes. C．To compare the costs of different repairs. D．To highlight the impact of throwaway culture. 2．What makes a community repair event special? A．It is more demanding than official service.B．It depends on volunteers to fix the items. C．It follows strict professional guidelines. D．It turns repair into a learning experience. 3．What does the underlined word “opaque” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Unclear. B．Familiar. C．Accessible. D．reliable. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Amsterdam: The Birthplace of Modern Repair B．The Rise of Repair Cafes: More than Just Fixing C．Why Community Services Need More Volunteers D．How to Save Money in an Age of Fast Consumption 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文介绍如今流行丢弃旧物的现象，介绍修理咖啡馆的兴起、运作方式，并指出其环保意义与暴露的产品设计问题。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The idea originated in Amsterdam about 15 years ago and has since spread widely. Surveys conducted by the Open Repair Alliance show more than 200,000 repair attempts have been recorded by over 1,100 groups in dozens of countries. The organization also estimates that more than 4,000 repair communities may now be active around the world.(这个想法大约15年前起源于阿姆斯特丹，此后广泛传播。开放维修联盟的调查显示，数十个国家的1100多个组织记录了超过20万次维修尝试。该组织估计，目前全球可能有超过4000个维修社区在运行)”可知，作者列举大量数据，是为了说明修理咖啡馆发展速度快、规模不断扩大。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Owners learn how products are designed, why they fail, and what makes some items easier to repair than others. For that reason, Repair Cafes show that practical knowledge can be shared and that many products are more repairable than people assume.(物品主人能够了解产品的设计原理、损坏原因以及物品维修难易的区别。因此，修理咖啡馆能够实用技能共享，让人们发现很多物品比想象中更好维修)”可知，社区修理活动不仅修理物品，还能让人们学习实用知识，把修理变成学习体验。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“In modern consumer culture, products often seem opaque to ordinary users, as if they were sealed boxes not meant to be opened.(在现代消费模式下，产品对普通用户来说往往opaque，就像密封的盒子一样，无法拆开查看内部结构)”可知，此处指产品内部结构看不清、难以了解，opaque意为“不清楚的、难以看懂的”，与unclear意思接近。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合二小题的分析可知，文章主要讲述修理咖啡馆的兴起、运作模式，不仅可以维修物品、减少浪费，还能发现产品设计弊端、传播实用技能，内涵远超单纯修理物品。B项“修理咖啡馆的兴起：不止于维修物品”能概括文章主旨，适合作标题。故选B。 Passage 3 （2026·安徽滁州·二模） Researchers at the University of Padua in Italy have traced the origins of one of Venice’s most long-lasting signs: the bronze winged lion that stands on the top of a column in St Mark’s Square. Long believed to be a Venetian creation, the sculpture is determined to come from the Yangzi River basin in China. The lion systematically reflects Chinese artistic traditions. For example, the position of its paws matches that of ancient Chinese lion guardians, originally fierce protectors of tombs. Researchers propose that Marco Polo may have acquired the sculpture, a gift from the Yuan Dynasty emperor, and later brought it back to Venice. A Chinese burial guardian thus became a silent witness to the vast cultural exchanges. In China, the lion holds an important symbolic role even though the animals have never lived there in the wild. From palaces to the gates of private homes and even modern banks, pairs of stone lions still stand guard. Real lions began arriving in China via the Silk Road, sent as foreign offerings from Central Asian states to emperors of the Han Dynasty. By the Tang Dynasty, lions were already features of the cultural imagination. Over the centuries, their style evolved: Tang figures often walk energetically, Song examples soften into playful scenes, while later lions sit low in calm dignity. large and completely still. The lion’s influence also extended into popular culture. The lion dance combined martial arts, acrobatics (杂技) and drama into a brilliant performance. Performed at public celebrations, the dance represented strength, luck and the driving away of evil spirits. Today, it remains a beloved festive event across China and throughout overseas Chinese communities. From foreign gift animal to sacred guardian, from sculpted icon to dynamic performer, the lion in China reflects a unique blend of folk inspiration and artistic imagination. In Italy, the bronze lion still gazes over Venice, standing as a reminder of the global networks linking East Asia and Europe long before the modern age, and of how symbols travel, transform and last across civilizations. 1．What is the researchers’ discovery about the bronze lion? A．It originated in China. B．It was made by Venetians. C．It stood as Venice’s symbol. D．It was bought by Marco Polo. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Lions’ origin and traditional role. B．Lions’ images and historic significance. C．Lions’ spread and cultural influence. D．Lions’ introduction and stylistic evolution. 3．What is the lion dance viewed as today? A．A memorial ceremony. B．A form of martial arts training. C．A traditional celebration. D．An intercultural collaboration. 4．What can we learn from the bronze lion’s existence in Italy? A．Venice served as an ancient trade center. B．The bronze lion symbolized Venice’s history. C．Ancient China exported lion statues widely. D．Cultural exchanges existed earlier than assumed. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍威尼斯圣马可广场的青铜飞狮经研究被确定源自中国长江流域，同时讲述狮子在中国的传入、演变及文化意义，见证古代东西方的文化交流。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Researchers at the University of Padua in Italy have traced the origins of one of Venice’s most long-lasting signs: the bronze winged lion that stands on the top of a column in St Mark’s Square. Long believed to be a Venetian creation, the sculpture is determined to come from the Yangzi River basin in China.(意大利帕多瓦大学的研究人员追溯了威尼斯最具持久性的标志之一——矗立在圣马可广场一根柱子顶端的青铜飞狮的起源。这座雕塑长期被认为是威尼斯人的作品，如今被确定来自中国长江流域。)”可知，研究人员通过研究追溯了青铜飞狮的起源，打破了其是威尼斯人创作的传统认知，明确其起源地是中国长江流域，因此研究人员关于青铜狮子的发现是它起源于中国。故选A项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Real lions began arriving in China via the Silk Road, sent as foreign offerings from Central Asian states to emperors of the Han Dynasty. By the Tang Dynasty, lions were already features of the cultural imagination. Over the centuries, their style evolved: Tang figures often walk energetically, Song examples soften into playful scenes, while later lions sit low in calm dignity, large and completely still.(真狮子开始经丝绸之路传入中国，是中亚各国作为贡品送给汉朝皇帝的。到了唐代，狮子已经成为文化意象的一部分。几个世纪以来，它们的风格不断演变：唐代的狮子形象通常姿态矫健、充满活力，宋代的狮子形象变得柔和，呈现出嬉戏的场景，而后来的狮子则低坐着，神情沉静庄重，体型庞大且纹丝不动。)”可知，第四段先明确了狮子传入中国的途径和背景，随后按照时间顺序详细介绍了狮子形象风格的演变过程，因此该段主要讲述的是狮子的传入及其风格演变。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The lion dance combined martial arts, acrobatics (杂技) and drama into a brilliant performance. Performed at public celebrations, the dance represented strength, luck and the driving away of evil spirits. Today, it remains a beloved festive event across China and throughout overseas Chinese communities. (舞狮将武术、杂技和戏剧融合成一场精彩的表演。它在公共庆典上表演，象征着力量、好运和驱邪。如今，它在中国各地及海外华人社区仍是深受喜爱的节庆活动。)”可知，舞狮原本是在公共庆典上表演、具有特定象征意义的活动，如今依然是中国及海外华人社区深受喜爱的节庆活动，因此如今舞狮被看作一种传统庆祝活动。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“In Italy, the bronze lion still gazes over Venice, standing as a reminder of the global networks linking East Asia and Europe long before the modern age, and of how symbols travel, transform and last across civilizations.(在意大利，这尊青铜狮子依然凝视着威尼斯，它提醒着人们，早在现代社会之前，连接东亚与欧洲的全球交流网络就已存在，也提醒着人们，象征物如何跨越文明传播、演变并延续下去。)”可知，这尊源自中国的青铜狮子出现在意大利威尼斯，证明了早在现代社会之前，东亚和欧洲之间就已经存在连接彼此的交流网络，也就意味着东西方的文化交流比人们原本假设的时间更早，因此从这尊青铜狮子在意大利的存在，我们可以得知文化交流的存在早于人们的设想。故选D项。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （2025·安徽·二模） It might have been a party just for Westerners. Teenagers were drinking in the hallway, but what really surprised people was all the noisy talking. Though this was a gathering of young Arabs, almost everyone was chatting in English. Nowadays it is becoming the dominant tongue of the Gulf. On paper Arabic is one of the world’s most successful languages. Over 400 million people speak it. But Arabs speak lots of dialects (方言). Poor education in Arabic is eroding (侵蚀) its purity, as English spreads. Many primary-school children chatter in a hybrid of English and Arabic. “Within a century it may be a dead language,” laments (哀叹) a former British diplomat who is expert in Arabic. The language’s decline reflects recent history. Civil wars have forced millions out of education. “Language reflects how powerful you are,” says Ebtesam al-Ketbi, an Emirati scholar. “The Chinese, Japanese and Koreans have all kept their languages. We haven’t.” English is the biggest threat. In 2017 the Arab Youth Survey found that Gulf Arabs already use it more than Arabic. Saudi Arabia has become the most recent Gulf state to teach schoolchildren English from the bottom class up. A large minority of Gulf citizens’ children go to private schools where English is the main language of tuition. Ms Ketbi says “no one can stop” the spread of English. Champions of Arabic are trying to fight back. Arabic will, of course, remain the language of the Koran (《可兰经》). “We think Arabic is more living than Latin because of its presence in the media, sermons and speeches,” says Hossam Abouzahr, founder of The Living Arabic Project, an online platform that tries to revive the language. “Latin survived in the churches for centuries despite having no native speakers,” he notes hopefully. 1．What surprised the author at the party? A．The teenagers’ drinking. B．The noisy talking in English. C．The gathering of young Arabs. D．The use of different dialects. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A．Arabs talk with each other without dialects. B．Arabic will be a dead language in the near future. C．The number of Arabic speakers is increasing slowly. D．Arabic is being affected by English and its purity is at risk. 3．How does the author support his argument in Paragraph 4? A．By listing figures. B．By giving examples. C．By referring to historical reports. D．By making a comparison. 4．What is Hossam Abouzahr’s attitude to the future of the Arabic language? A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Concerned. D．Hopeless. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阿拉伯语在受到英语冲击下的发展现状，以及阿拉伯语捍卫者所做的努力。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Teenagers were drinking in the hallway, but what really surprised people was all the noisy talking. Though this was a gathering of young Arabs, almost everyone was chatting in English. Nowadays it is becoming the dominant tongue of the Gulf.(十几岁的孩子在走廊里喝酒，但真正让人们吃惊的是所有嘈杂的谈话。虽然这是一群年轻的阿拉伯人的聚会，但几乎每个人都在用英语聊天。如今，它正在成为海湾地区的主要语言。)”可知，作者在聚会上感到惊讶的是大家用英语大声交谈。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“But Arabs speak lots of dialects. Poor education in Arabic is eroding its purity, as English spreads. Many primary-school children chatter in a hybrid of English and Arabic.(但是阿拉伯人讲很多方言。随着英语的传播，阿拉伯语教育的匮乏正在侵蚀它的纯粹性。许多小学生用英语和阿拉伯语的混合语聊天。)”可推知，阿拉伯语正受到英语的影响，其纯粹性受到威胁。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“English is the biggest threat. In 2017 the Arab Youth Survey found that Gulf Arabs already use it more than Arabic. Saudi Arabia has become the most recent Gulf state to teach schoolchildren English from the bottom class up. A large minority of Gulf citizens’ children go to private schools where English is the main language of tuition. Ms Ketbi says “no one can stop” the spread of English.(英语是最大的威胁。2017年，阿拉伯青年调查发现，海湾阿拉伯人使用英语的频率已经超过阿拉伯语。沙特阿拉伯已成为最新一个从最底层开始向小学生教授英语的海湾国家。有相当一部分海湾公民的孩子去私立学校上学，那里的主要教学语言是英语。Ketbi女士说，“没有人能阻止”英语的传播。)”可推知，作者通过举例说明来支持他在第四段的论点。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“... Hossam Abouzahr, founder of The Living Arabic Project, an online platform that tries to revive the language. “Latin survived in the churches for centuries despite having no native speakers,” he notes hopefully. (……《鲜活阿拉伯语项目》的创始人Hossam Abouzahr表示，“尽管没有母语人士，但拉丁语在教堂中仍然存在了几个世纪。”他满怀希望地指出。)”可推知，Hossam Abouzahr对阿拉伯语的未来持乐观态度。故选A。 Passage 2 （2025·安徽·二模） When it gets cold, some customers come to my shop to buy a special tea with a hard-to-pronounce Chinese name Lapsang Souchong. They like to drink it while reading a book near a warm fire. This tea has a smoky taste, and some people really like it, while others don’t. Winston Churchill liked it because it reminded him of his cigars (雪茄) and a type of whiskey. An actress named Lynn Redgrave also enjoyed it with milk for breakfast. Legend (传说) has it that Lapsang Souchong might have been the first black tea produced in China, where green teas were most common. In 1646, soldiers passing through a Fujian village in the Wuyi Mountains camped in a tea factory filled with fresh leaves awaiting processing. When the soldiers left and the workers could get back into the buildings, their delicate green leaves had oxidized to a red colour. They quickly dried it with pine fires and sold it to get some money back. To their surprise, the unusual tea was sold at a high price and eventually found its way to Dutch traders in Amoy, who were eager to fill their ships with as much tea — green or black — as they could acquire. The long sea trip from China to Amsterdam needed the tea to be well-preserved, and this special Wuyi tea kept its good quality even in the wet and tough conditions on the ship. One of my favourite uses for Lapsang Souchong is as an ingredient for my Thanksgiving turkey. I always slip a few teaspoons of dry tea leaves under the skin of the bird before placing it into the oven. Soon, the kitchen smells as if a fire has been lit in the fireplace, and guests comment on the smell when they enter the front door. What’s great is that the tea gives a smoky taste to the turkey juices, which makes my gravy (汤) taste better — an American Thanksgiving meal with a turkey that has a Chinese tea flavour. 1．Why did the author mention Winston Churchill and Lynn Redgrave? A．To show the tea’s popularity. B．To introduce two famous people. C．To describe their breakfast habits. D．To explain their unique preference. 2．Which is closest to the meaning of the underlined word “oxidized” in Paragraph 4? A．Lost weight. B．Changed colour. C．Got damaged. D．Became stronger. 3．How does the author use Lapsang Souchong usually? A．He drinks it before dinner. B．He gives it to guests as a gift. C．He adds it to the baking turkeys. D．He uses it to attract more customers. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．The Legend of Lapsang Souchong. B．The Many Uses of Lapsang Souchong. C．Lapsang Souchong: A Tea with a Story. D．Tea Trade: A means to Spread Chinese Culture. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了正山小种这种茶，包括它的来历、一些名人和作者自己对它的使用。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Winston Churchill liked it because it reminded him of his cigars (雪茄) and a type of whiskey. An actress named Lynn Redgrave also enjoyed it with milk for breakfast.(温斯顿·丘吉尔喜欢它，因为它让他想起了雪茄和一种威士忌。一位名叫林恩·雷德格雷夫的女演员也喜欢在早餐时加牛奶喝。)”可知，丘吉尔和林恩·雷德格雷夫都喜欢正山小种，作者提到他们是为了展示这种茶的受欢迎程度。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“When the soldiers left and the workers could get back into the buildings, their delicate green leaves had oxidized to a red colour.(士兵离开后，工人们回到大楼，他们娇嫩的绿叶已经oxidized成红色。)”中“green leaves”和“red colour”可知，绿叶变成了红色，所以oxidized意为“变色”。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“One of my favourite uses for Lapsang Souchong is as an ingredient for my Thanksgiving turkey.(我最喜欢用正山小种的地方之一就是作为我感恩节火鸡的配料。)”可知，作者通常将正山小种加到烤火鸡里。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“When it gets cold, some customers come to my shop to buy a special tea with a hard-to-pronounce Chinese name Lapsang Souchong.(天气变冷时，一些顾客会到我的店里买一种很难发音的中国茶——正山小种。)”和第三段“Legend (传说) has it that Lapsang Souchong might have been the first black tea produced in China, where green teas were most common.(传说正山小种可能是中国最早生产的红茶，当时绿茶是最常见的。)”可知，文章主要介绍了正山小种这种茶，包括它的来历、一些名人和作者自己对它的使用，所以C项“Lapsang Souchong: A Tea with a Story(正山小种：一种有故事的茶)”最能概括文章内容。故选C项。 Passage 3 （2024·安徽淮北·二模） While conquering the world’s swimming pools in the late 1990s and the 2000s, Amanda Beard had already included breathing exercises in her training. Several years after the end of her athletic career, she discovered walking meditation. Today the seven-time US Olympic medalist practices walking meditation in nature, around the house, or while walking the dog. It’s a daily practice with the focused mindfulness of meditation that contributes positively to every aspect of her life, she says. You don’t need equipment or a designated space to start. The idea of a walking meditation is to pay attention to the way your body feels, noticing things like the sky, trees, tuning into all of your senses. This means you can meditate “on the go” in the countryside, in the city, in your backyard, and virtually anywhere. A simple, 10-minute walking meditation for beginners requires that you just start at ease. Consider what you hear, smell and see. Think about how your feet touch the ground. Fully focus on these feelings. A report in Health Promotion Perspectives also found that walking meditation can improve your balance, adjust your heart rate, boost your mental focus, and help you battle anxiety and depression. “The benefits of meditation are many,” says Dr. Schramm, a board-certified family physician and meditation teacher. “When we do this over and over again, we train the brain to focus on only one thing at a time and this increases both our blood flow and actual neuronal (神经元) changes within our brains.” “The magic of meditation is to be able to help you connect with yourself; meditation shouldn’t feel a certain way,” says Tara Stiles, a yoga and wellness expert. It’s a common mistake in meditation: People fear a wandering mind. “A wandering mind is completely normal,” Stiles says. “Even experienced meditators aren’t sitting there never having a thought, but when they have the thought they choose to guide themselves back to their breath instead of getting frustrated. 1．What is walking meditation? A．Plain walking. B．Mindful walking. C．A competitive sport. D．Deep thought while stationary. 2．Which of the following is recommended to a beginner starting walking meditation? A．A familiar environment. B．A 10-minute walking time. C．A relaxed but observant state. D．A piece of special equipment. 3．What is the brain’s reaction to walking meditation according to Dr. Schramm? A．Enhancing the blood flow. B．Undergoing balance training. C．Having more active thoughts. D．Decreasing neuronal changes. 4．What is Tara Stiles’ attitude towards distractions? A．Carefree. B．Frustrated. C．Concerned. D．Positive. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国奥运奖牌得主Amanda Beard如何将步行冥想融入日常生活，以及步行冥想的好处和如何进行步行冥想。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s a daily practice with the focused mindfulness of meditation that contributes positively to every aspect of her life, she says.(她说，这是一种日常练习，专注于冥想，对她生活的方方面面都有积极的贡献)”以及第二段“The idea of a walking meditation is to pay attention to the way your body feels, noticing things like the sky, trees, tuning into all of your senses. This means you can meditate “on the go” in the countryside, in the city, in your backyard, and virtually anywhere.(行走冥想的概念是关注你身体的感觉，注意天空、树木等事物，调整你所有的感官。这意味着你可以在乡村、城市、后院以及几乎任何地方“边走边”冥想)”可知，walking meditation就是Mindful walking。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“A simple, 10-minute walking meditation for beginners requires that you just start at ease. Consider what you hear, smell and see. Think about how your feet touch the ground. Fully focus on these feelings.(对于初学者来说，一个简单的10分钟步行冥想需要你从放松开始。考虑你所听到、闻到和看到的。想想你的脚是如何接触地面的。完全专注于这些感受)”可知，给刚开始行禅的初学者的建议是保持放松但善于观察的状态。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段““The benefits of meditation are many,” says Dr. Schramm, a board-certified family physician and meditation teacher. “When we do this over and over again, we train the brain to focus on only one thing at a time and this increases both our blood flow and actual neuronal (神经元) changes within our brains.”(“冥想的好处很多，”施拉姆博士说，他是一名经过认证的家庭医生和冥想老师。“当我们一次又一次地这样做时，我们训练大脑一次只关注一件事，这增加了我们的血流量和大脑中实际的神经元变化。”)”可知，大脑对行走冥想的反应是促进血液流动。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““A wandering mind is completely normal,” Stiles says. “Even experienced meditators aren’t sitting there never having a thought, but when they have the thought they choose to guide themselves back to their breath instead of getting frustrated.(“走神是完全正常的，”斯泰尔斯说。“即使是有经验的冥想者也不是坐在那里没有任何想法，而是当他们有想法时，他们选择引导自己回到呼吸上，而不是感到沮丧。”)”可知，斯泰尔斯认为走神是完全正常的，所以是持不必担心的态度。故选A项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·安徽淮北·二模） Killer whales in the coastal waters off Washington have been seen massaging each other by rubbing pieces of kelp (海带) between their bodies. Researchers filmed the animals selecting and biting off the kelp into long, thin pieces, then placing one piece onto the back of another whale. The scientists think this might have a health or cleanliness function, but they also believe they are a form of social bonding. The findings appear to be an example of tool use in whales, with the animals fashioning a piece of kelp and using it for a planned purpose. During 12 days of studying a population of killer whales, the team recorded 30 times of kelp massage. “We see it multiple times per day,” said lead researcher Dr Weiss. This could be a marine version of behaviour seen in monkeys, where animals spend hours picking through fur, cleaning and removing harmful insects. Physical touch in animals is important for building and maintaining social relationships, and killer whales are highly social animals. The view from the air has provided new insight into underwater behaviour, including how the animals interact. High-quality video showed that whales with rougher skin were more likely to engage in the behaviour, suggesting it may help with skin health. It is not yet clear whether this behaviour is unique to this group or more widespread among other whale populations. However, scientists say the discovery is exciting, as these objects were being used in a way never before reported in marine mammals. The study of this threatened killer whale population was started by Dr Balcomb more than 50 years ago. Initially, he wanted to examine the threats to their survival, particularly as the population was targeted for capture and sale to some marine parks. Long-term research on this population has revealed many insights into their social structure, and this new finding highlights the complexity of their society and the importance of protecting them. 1．What are the killer whales observed doing in paragraph 1? A．Using kelp to feed each other. B．Shaping kelp to rub another whale. C．Collecting kelp from the ocean floor. D．Teaching young whales to clean with kelp. 2．What can be inferred about killer whales in comparison with monkeys? A．They use tools more often. B．They rely less on interaction. C．They are physically far stronger. D．They show similar social behaviours. 3．Why do scientists consider the discovery exciting? A．It provides clear video evidence. B．It suggests rubbing is common among whales. C．It is the first report of such tool use in marine mammals. D．It explains why whales with skin problems behave this way. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Killer Whales Use Tools for Social Purposes B．The Role of Food in Whales’ Communication C．A Behaviour Observed in Killer Whales Hunting D．How Killer Whales Adapt to Changes in the Ocean 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究人员观察到华盛顿近岸虎鲸用海带互相按摩的行为，以及该行为的可能作用和研究意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Killer whales in the coastal waters off Washington have been seen massaging each other by rubbing pieces of kelp (海带) between their bodies. Researchers filmed the animals selecting and biting off the kelp into long, thin pieces, then placing one piece onto the back of another whale.(研究人员观察到华盛顿近岸海域的虎鲸通过在彼此身体间摩擦海带碎片来互相按摩。研究人员拍摄到这些动物会挑选并咬下海带，将其弄成长而细的碎片，然后把一片放在另一只虎鲸的背上)”可知，虎鲸被观察到将海带加工成型，用来摩擦另一只虎鲸。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This could be a marine version of behaviour seen in monkeys, where animals spend hours picking through fur, cleaning and removing harmful insects. Physical touch in animals is important for building and maintaining social relationships, and killer whales are highly social animals.(这可能是猴子身上观察到的行为的海洋版本，猴子会花数小时梳理毛发、清洁并清除有害昆虫。动物之间的身体接触对建立和维持社会关系很重要，而虎鲸是高度社会化的动物)”可推断，虎鲸和猴子表现出相似的社会行为。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, scientists say the discovery is exciting, as these objects were being used in a way never before reported in marine mammals.(然而，科学家们表示这一发现令人兴奋，因为这些物品的使用方式在海洋哺乳动物中从未有过报道)”可知，科学家认为这一发现令人兴奋是因为这是首次报道海洋哺乳动物有此类工具使用行为。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Killer whales in the coastal waters off Washington have been seen massaging each other by rubbing pieces of kelp (海带) between their bodies. Researchers filmed the animals selecting and biting off the kelp into long, thin pieces, then placing one piece onto the back of another whale. The scientists think this might have a health or cleanliness function, but they also believe they are a form of social bonding. The findings appear to be an example of tool use in whales, with the animals fashioning a piece of kelp and using it for a planned purpose.(有人在华盛顿州沿海水域观察到，虎鲸会在彼此身体间摩擦海带，以此互相 “按摩”。研究人员拍摄到，这些虎鲸会挑选海带并将其咬成长长的细条，然后把一条海带放在另一只虎鲸的背上。科学家们认为，这种行为可能具有保健或清洁作用，同时也相信这是一种建立社会联系的方式。这一发现似乎是虎鲸使用工具的例证，它们会加工海带，并按特定目的加以利用)”可知，文章围绕虎鲸用海带互相按摩这一行为展开，介绍了该行为的具体表现、可能的作用（皮肤健康、社会联系），以及其作为海洋哺乳动物工具使用行为的研究意义。A项“虎鲸使用工具以达到社交目的”能够概括文章核心内容，可以作为本文最佳标题。故选A项。 Passage 2 （2026·安徽池州·二模） A world without plastics seems unimaginable today. But in the world where waste is becoming an increasingly pressing issue, new technologies and cross-sector (跨领域) cooperation are in great need to address both environmental challenges and long-term development needs. Scientists and engineers are working together to solve waste-related issues. In Shenzhen, the former Yulong landfill — once a “trash mountain” — is undergoing China’s largest full-clearance project. Equipped with AI-powered systems, it sorts 6,000 cubic meters of waste daily with 98% accuracy and generates 100 million kWh of electricity, powering 26,000 households a year. The project will free 300,000 square meters for an AI-focused tech centre. China leads the waste-to-energy sector with 1,010 incineration enterprises (焚化企业), accounting for nearly half the global total. On the global front, plastic waste causes a severe threat: last year saw 4.14 billion tons of plastic, but only 12% was effectively recycled. Researchers are now using technologies like depolymerization (解聚) to break down plastics. These technologies overcome the limitations of existing methods. AI plays a key role too: intelligent robots easily identify PET, HDPE, and polyolefins, solving mixed plastic sorting difficulties. “Waste is never just garbage — it’s unused resources to be harvested,” says environmental scientist Bohan Chen. From landfill to advanced recycling, China’s efforts prove environmental protection and economic development can exist together. Behind these innovations lies cross-sector cooperation, driving cutting-edge scientific research. Chinese researchers, for example, are also exploring how industrial solid waste can be recycled into building materials or fuel, while waste processing companies are expanding overseas, exporting not just equipment but technologies to Southeast Asia, Europe, and beyond. This cooperation is not merely “borrowing” knowledge from different fields but putting them together to create solutions greater than the sum of their parts. These efforts reflect a shift toward a circular economy, where waste is no longer a burden but a resource. From turning landfills into tech centres to changing plastic waste into energy and new materials, these innovations reduce environmental problems, conserve resources, and create economic opportunities. Such practices, as is shown in China, offer a sustainable path forward for cities worldwide. 1．What problem is mentioned in the first paragraph? A．Waste calls for urgent solution. B．Having no plastics is terrible. C．Development lacks technology. D．Cooperation does not exist yet. 2．Why does the author list the figures in paragraph 2? A．To prove efforts in waste management. B．To display the advanced technologies. C．To indicate international cooperation. D．To show the seriousness of pollution. 3．What plays a key role in recycling plastics? A．Building large landfills. B．Conventional sorting methods. C．Technological breakthroughs. D．Importing advanced equipment. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards China’s waste management practices? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Worried. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍在垃圾问题日益紧迫的当下，新技术与跨领域合作对解决环境挑战和满足长期发展需求的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But in the world where waste is becoming an increasingly pressing issue, new technologies and cross-sector (跨领域) cooperation are in great need to address both environmental challenges and long-term development needs.(但在这个垃圾正成为日益紧迫问题的世界里，迫切需要新技术和跨领域合作来应对环境挑战和长期发展需求)”可知，第一段提到的问题是垃圾问题亟待解决，故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Scientists and engineers are working together to solve waste-related issues. In Shenzhen, the former Yulong landfill — once a “trash mountain” — is undergoing China’s largest full-clearance project. Equipped with AI-powered systems, it sorts 6,000 cubic meters of waste daily with 98% accuracy and generates 100 million kWh of electricity, powering 26,000 households a year. The project will free 300,000 square meters for an AI-focused tech centre. China leads the waste-to-energy sector with 1,010 incineration enterprises (焚化企业), accounting for nearly half the global total.(科学家和工程师们正在共同努力解决与垃圾相关的问题。在深圳，曾经的“垃圾山”——玉龙垃圾填埋场正在进行中国最大的全面清理项目。配备人工智能系统后，它每天能以98%的准确率分类6000立方米垃圾，并产生1亿千瓦时的电力，每年可为26000户家庭供电。该项目将腾出30万平方米的土地用于建设一个以人工智能为重点的科技中心。中国在垃圾发电领域处于领先地位，拥有1010家焚化企业，几乎占全球总数的一半)”可知，作者列举这些数字是为了证明中国在垃圾管理方面所做出的努力，故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Researchers are now using technologies like depolymerization (解聚) to break down plastics. These technologies overcome the limitations of existing methods. AI plays a key role too: intelligent robots easily identify PET, HDPE, and polyolefins, solving mixed plastic sorting difficulties.(研究人员现在正在使用解聚等技术来分解塑料。这些技术克服了现有方法的局限性。人工智能也发挥着关键作用：智能机器人可以轻松识别PET、HDPE和聚烯烃，解决了混合塑料分类的难题)”可知，在回收塑料过程中，技术突破起到了关键作用，故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“These efforts reflect a shift toward a circular economy, where waste is no longer a burden but a resource. From turning landfills into tech centres to changing plastic waste into energy and new materials, these innovations reduce environmental problems, conserve resources, and create economic opportunities. Such practices, as is shown in China, offer a sustainable path forward for cities worldwide. (这些努力反映了向循环经济的转变，在这种经济模式下，垃圾不再是负担，而是一种资源。从将垃圾填埋场转变为科技中心，到将塑料垃圾转化为能源和新材料，这些创新减少了环境问题，节约了资源，并创造了经济机会。正如中国所展示的，这些做法为全球城市提供了一条可持续发展的道路)”可知，作者对中国的垃圾管理实践持支持态度，故选B项。 Passage 3 （2026·安徽安庆·二模） From Florida’s Wetlands, the Miccosukee people have long shared islands with a 7-foot female alligator (短吻鳄), warmly called Mama Gator. For 60 years, they’ve observed her shape the ecosystem: digging ponds to hold water in dry seasons and building raised nests for eggs in rainy seasons, with humans keeping a respectful distance during nesting. This close coexistence mirrors a broader truth — alligators are vital “ecosystem engineers,” not just cold-blooded killers. Scientific research now backs the Miccosukee people’s wisdom. Alligator ponds serve as shelters for fish, frogs and plants during dry seasons, while their nests create dry platforms for other animals and birds. Water birds even nest above alligators, which act as bodyguards against ring-tailed bears, in a two-way beneficial arrangement. As top predators (捕食者), alligators move nutrients around by moving between habitats, eating in coastal areas and answering the call of nature upstream, boosting the food web from water plants to larger animals. Once on the edge of extinction due to hunting for their skins in the 19th and 20th centuries, American alligators made a remarkable comeback after 1967 protection laws, with wild populations recovering to over three million in Florida and Louisiana. Today, researchers uncover more hidden benefits: alligator-rich wetlands store high levels of carbon, aiding climate change control, and some alligators exhibit surprising adaptability — from resident individuals staying close to home to highly mobile ones traveling hundreds of kilometers to coastal waters for food, despite lacking salt-processing glands (腺体). Conservation efforts, including landowners’ head-starting programs and the Miccosukee people’s egg-rescue initiatives, continue to safeguard alligators. Biologists stress that these animals deserve recognition not as monsters, but as kind guardians that maintain freshwater ecosystems, support biodiversity and fight climate change. As the Miccosukee know, coexisting with alligators means respecting nature’s delicate balance. 1．How does Mama Gator affect the local environment? A．By living with the Miccosukee people. B．By keeping a distance from humans. C．By creating ponds and high nests. D．By boosting the original food web. 2．Which of the following best describes the impact of Alligator ponds? A．Wide-ranging. B．Double-edged. C．Short-lived. D．Time-limited. 3．What does the author imply in paragraph 3? A．American alligators can process salt. B．The 1967 laws have proven effective. C．Nearby habitats have been destroyed. D．Adaptability of species is significant. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Alligators: Protectors of the Ecosystem. B．Mama Gator: A Star of the Grassland. C．The Miccosukee: Guardians of Nature. D．Wetlands: Sites of Conservation Efforts. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了短吻鳄并非冷血杀手，而是重要的“生态系统工程师”，通过具体事例展现了短吻鳄对生态环境的重要作用、其种群的恢复情况以及人们为保护短吻鳄所做的努力，体现了人与自然共生的理念。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“For 60 years, they’ve observed her shape the ecosystem: digging ponds to hold water in dry seasons and building raised nests for eggs in rainy seasons, with humans keeping a respectful distance during nesting.(60年来，他们观察到它塑造了生态系统：旱季挖池塘蓄水，雨季筑高巢产卵，人类在它筑巢期间保持着尊重的距离。)”可知，短吻鳄妈妈通过挖池塘和筑高巢影响当地环境。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Alligator ponds serve as shelters for fish, frogs and plants during dry seasons, while their nests create dry platforms for other animals and birds. Water birds even nest above alligators, which act as bodyguards against ring-tailed bears, in a two-way beneficial arrangement.(短吻鳄池塘在旱季为鱼类、青蛙和植物提供庇护所，而它们的巢穴为其他动物和鸟类创造了干燥的平台。水鸟甚至在短吻鳄上方筑巢，短吻鳄充当保镖抵御环尾熊，形成一种双向互利的关系。)”可知，短吻鳄池塘的影响范围广泛，惠及多种生物。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Once on the edge of extinction due to hunting for their skins in the 19th and 20th centuries, American alligators made a remarkable comeback after 1967 protection laws, with wild populations recovering to over three million in Florida and Louisiana.(在19世纪和20世纪，由于人们猎杀短吻鳄获取其皮，美国短吻鳄曾濒临灭绝，但在1967年保护法实施后，它们实现了惊人的复苏，佛罗里达州和路易斯安那州的野生种群已恢复到300多万只。)”可知，1967年的保护法被证明是有效的。由此可推断，1967年的法律有效帮助短吻鳄种群复苏，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章核心围绕短吻鳄展开，介绍了它们作为“生态系统工程师”对生态环境的保护作用，包括塑造生态系统、保护生物多样性、助力气候变化控制等。A选项：Alligators: Protectors of the Ecosystem (短吻鳄：生态系统的守护者)符合主题，适合用作标题，故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·安徽蚌埠·二模） Researchers have created a map of Antarctica revealing thousands of never-before-seen hills, valleys and plains beneath the ice. This new information could help scientists understand how the changing climate will affect the continent. Antarctica is almost one and a half times the size of Europe. Most of it is covered in a layer of ice that’s three miles thick in places, which makes it difficult to see the shape of the land underneath. The new map has changed that. In the past, scientists used radar from air and ground surveys to work out what the land surface might look like. Radar sends out radio waves, which bounce off the ground and are reflected back. Researchers can then work out how far away the land is beneath the ice, revealing hills, valleys and plains. The trouble is, there are big distances between the areas they’ve surveyed, leaving scientists to fill in the gaps. To create the new map, the team used satellite images, surveys of the surface ice and an understanding of how ice moves. Although ice behaves differently to water, the scientists were able to figure out how the ice had flowed and pinpoint (精准定位) the mountains and valleys underneath it. “It’s like kayaking in a river with rocks underwater. Eddies (漩涡) in the surface tell you about the rocks under the water,” said the study’s lead author, Helen Ockenden from the University of Grenoble-Alpes in France. Mapping the land underneath Antarctica is important. The continent is losing ice as the planet warms. As the ice melts, it falls into the ocean, raising global sea levels. Scientists are not sure how much ice the continent will lose in the future and how this will raise sea. The shape of a landscape affects how quickly ice moves across its surface, and the speed at which it pushes up sea levels. Experts say the map will give a better idea of what’s going to happen in the future. “It’s like a grainy pixel (像素颗粒感的) film camera before, and now a properly zoomed-in digital image of what’s really going on,” said Ockenden. 1．Why did the researchers create a new map? A．To study ice in Europe. B．To forecast sea level changes. C．To replace old survey tools. D．To show Antarctica’s hidden land. 2．How did scientists discover the landforms beneath Antarctica’s ice? A．By studying ice movement. B．By drilling ice surface deep. C．By creating eddies at sea. D．By analyzing satellite images. 3．Why does mapping the Antarctic land underneath matter? A．It helps slow global warming in Antarctia.B．It helps explain past global sea level rise. C．It helps predict ice melt and sea level rise. D．It helps measure the current amount of ice. 4．What does Ockenden intend to show by mentioning the cameras? A．How much the new maps are improved. B．How many detailed maps they have made. C．Why the ice melts so quickly in Antarctica. D．When the new technology will be used. Passage 2 （2026·安徽蚌埠·二模） Passwords are the first line of defense for your online life, protecting your email, banking, shopping and work accounts. Therefore, building good password habits is very essential. Here’s our guide to keep your digital accounts safe. · Length comes first: Your password must be at least 16 characters long. Short passwords, even complex-looking ones, can be cracked within hours by automated tools, while a 16-character one may take millions of years to break, making most attackers give up. · Unique for every account: Never reuse passwords across accounts. If one account is broken into, attackers will try the same password on all your other accounts. Even small changes to a reused password do not make it unique enough. · Random and unrecognizable: Strong passwords are random mixes of letters, numbers and symbols. Avoid using names, dates or common words. While complexity matters less than length and randomness, most websites require a mix of character types. · Enable multi-factor authentication (认证) for important accounts: It adds an extra layer of protection, even if your password is stolen. · Change passwords only when necessary: Regular changes are no longer recommended. You only need to update a password if your account is leaked or you suspect unauthorized access. Long, unique and random passwords are one of the most effective ways to protect your online life, and these tips can help you start easily. 1．What is the primary factor for a safe password? A．Length. B．Uniqueness. C．Randomness. D．Changeability. 2．What is a good password habit? A．Reuse a password with slight changes. B．Update a password only if necessary. C．Use the owner’s name as a password. D．Replace passwords with authentication. 3．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A public online security guide. B．A commercial ad for password software. C．An academic essay on digital tech. D．A news report on major online data leaks. Passage 3 （2026·安徽蚌埠·二模） Symbolic of beauty, pride, and wealth in some cultures — likely thanks to the males’ rainbow-colored tail feathers and dramatic courtship display — peacocks are often associated with being confident and attention-grabbing. So, perhaps it’s no surprise that these striking creatures can be used in a metaphor to illustrate complex family dynamics. Being honest about the ups and downs of family life isn’t something you’ll usually hear from a ‘peacock parent’. Instead, they’ll project the perfect family, parading their child’s talents in public, while criticising them behind closed doors when disappointed. For the child on the receiving end of this treatment, it can feel like their value is only as part of a show put on for everyone else’s entertainment. You may have heard the saying “as proud as a peacock”, which describes someone who thinks highly of themselves and likes to be the center of attention. When this appears in parenting, it is called narcissistic (自恋的) parenting. Such parents lack understanding and care for their children’s feelings, often control or influence them in order to meet their own emotional needs, and always want to feel powerful or special in the family. The phrase became more widely known after British psychotherapist and writer Kathleen Saxton published her book My Parent the Peacock. In the book, she looks into how narcissistic parenting influences children. She also talks about two common roles these children take on: the ‘scapegoated child’, who becomes a target for the parent’s own worries and shortcomings, and the ‘golden child’, who is treated like something valuable to make the parent feel more important and superior. Counsellor Olena Chechel says this arrogant behaviour comes from deep insecurity and lack of confidence inside these parents. That is why they see their children more like parts of themselves or tools to help them feel successful and important. “The child must be perceived as acceptable, shiny, or significant, as this all ties back to them. The message is simple: ‘You have to be what I tell you to be, because I know best,’” Olena says. “This is deeply harmful for the child, as they are not able to develop their own identity.” 1．Why does the author mention “peacocks” in the first paragraph? A．To show peacock charm. B．To introduce a parenting method. C．To fix family conflicts. D．To illustrate the family complexity. 2．What do the peacock parents look like? A．They prioritize children’s feelings over evaluations. B．They express their disappointment to children publicly. C．They attach importance to others’ perception of their family. D．They share their real family situation with people around them. 3．What’s the root cause of the parents’ behavior? A．Their low self-worth. B．Their high expectations. C．Their heavy work pressure. D．Their rich life experience. 4．What is Olena Chechel’s attitude toward peacock parenting? A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Tolerant. D．Critical. Passage 4 （2026·安徽安庆·二模） Raymond Briggs, a beloved British illustrator and storyteller, left a lasting mark on readers of all ages with his unique artistic style. Two years ago, the 88-year-old master passed away, and shortly before his death, a remarkable exhibition charting his decades-long career opened. Having traveled from Cambridge to Kirkcudbright, the major exhibition has now found its latest stop at Ditchling Museum of Art + Craft, where it will be on display for five months to celebrate his extraordinary works. At the heart of the exhibition lies a treasure collection of early drafts and drawings, each filled with corrections that reveal Briggs’strict pursuit of artistic excellence. Over a third of the 100-plus exhibits are new additions to the Ditchling stop, mixing well with the original collection organized by the Quentin Blake Centre for Illustration. For example, a set of carefully arranged wardrobe (衣柜) doors perfectly matches the previously displayed pencil drawings from Ethel and Ernest, creating a complete story of his creative journey. Briggs was a born storyteller who combined picture books and comics. He mastered the art of balancing joy and sorrow: his famous Snowman brought tears with its silent, heartbreaking melting scene, while his easily annoyed yet warm Father Christmas caused constant laughter. Having improved his skills at Wimbledon School of Art and later the Slade School of Fine Art, he laid a solid foundation for his distinctive style that resonated deeply with both children and adults. Even after achieving fame, Briggs kept a simple heart. A newly found Finnish edition of The Snowman bore his 2014 note: “I got my most famous character’s arms wrong.” This exhibition is a love letter to his fans, who, standing before his works, feel close to his creative struggles and joys. Leaving the museum, they are eager to revisit his books, stepping again into the magical world he created with simple yet deeply touching lines. 1．What is the main focus of the first paragraph? A．Briggs’influence on readers. B．An event after Briggs’death. C．A celebration of Briggs’works. D．An exhibition of Briggs’career. 2．What can we learn about the new exhibits? A．They feature items from Ethel and Ernest. B．They concentrate on Briggs’early pieces. C．They take up half of the total exhibits. D．They match the original collection well. 3．What does the underlined word “resonated” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Agreed. B．Connected. C．Struggled. D．Remained. 4．What does Briggs’note in The Snowman show about him? A．His humble attitude towards his own work. B．His desire to correct earlier mistakes. C．His regret over the creation of the character. D．His perfectionism about artistic details. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·安徽安庆·二模） Sleep is risky. When you fall asleep, your defences are down, making you an easy target for predators and other threats. And yet, the majority of living things do it, including most animals, insects and even many plants. So, why did it first develop? It’s a mystery that scientists have been trying to solve for decades. Recently, a team of Israeli scientists decided to dive into the ocean in search of an answer, placing two ancient sea creatures in their sights: the upside-down jellyfish and the starlet sea anemone, which are among the oldest animals to have developed on Earth. Publishing their findings in the journal Nature Communications, the scientists report that these early creatures need about as much shut-eye as humans do and that sleep may have first emerged as a means of protecting delicate nervous tissue. Both jellyfish and the starlet sea anemone sleep about a third of the day — about 8 hours in human terms — in their natural habitats, and that the sleep schedules they keep respond heavily to sleep loss, environmental light, and body clocks. Feeding the creatures melatonin — a natural hormone (荷尔蒙) involved in sleep control, whose production is influenced by light — led to increased sleep during times when each creature would normally have been more active, but had little impact on their activity during normal rest periods. It also reduced DNA damage in both species during times of the day when they were normally awake. The scientists measured DNA damage in the two creatures under different conditions as well and found that it climbed when they were awake and worsened when they were short of sleep, but declined when they were asleep and following “recovery” sleep. They found that DNA damage pushed the creatures to sleep more. Most surprisingly, they conducted further research, and the results showed that more DNA damage led to more sleep, and more sleep reduced DNA damage. The findings suggest that sleep may have arrived on the scene to allow living things to survive the destruction of time. 1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By comparing different species. B．By explaining a key concept. C．By raising a puzzling question. D．By showing research findings. 2．What discovery did the scientists make about the two simple sea creatures? A．They have regular sleep patterns. B．They sense food in bright conditions. C．They live in shallow coastal waters. D．They take in oxygen through their skin. 3．Why does the author mention “DNA damage”? A．To indicate the harm of staying awake. B．To illustrate the initial function of sleep. C．To present the risks of cell damage. D．To introduce a basis for clock control. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Rest keeps off dangers. B．Wakefulness hurts cells. C．Light affects activities. D．Sleep fixes DNA damage. Passage 2 （2025·安徽黄山·二模） First they came for the eggs. Then the feta cheese, cottage cheese and cucumbers. In some countries, these ingredients (食材) were even out of stock: Iceland experienced a shortage of cucumbers, and feta briefly disappeared from grocery-store shelves. The reason for the mass purchases? Enthusiasts of online cooking were eager to recreate viral videos in which each of these ingredients starred. Few topics are as appetizing to netizens as cooking, especially over the holidays. Food is the fourth-most popular subject on the internet, up from 17th place in 2009, according to GWI, a consumer-research firm. The abundance of online-food contents not only causes occasional ingredient shortages when a video goes viral. It is also making cooking more gregarious. In eating broadcast videos, streamers can pig out food in front of a camera and field live comments from viewers and give instant feedbacks. The internet has brought people without notable restaurants or cookbooks to chef stardom. For example, around 21 million people subscribe to the YouTube of Nick DiGiovanni, a 28-year-old, Harvard-educated food personality, about the same number as subscribe to that of Gordon Ramsay, a famous British chef. The fact that social media have caused interest in food to rise as fast as home-baked bread should not come as a surprise. Everyone has to eat, and cooking is a common hobby. Video is also an efficient medium for instruction-more precise, in many ways, than the written word. Americans who recently cooked turkeys for Thanksgiving can testify that “golden brown” to one cook may look underdone to another and even burnt to a third. Successful online food personalities “recognise and make a real effort to meet the specific needs of their viewers”, explains Madeline Buxton, culture and trends manager at YouTube. Some viewers want to be entertained; others want to learn, travel or eat vicariously (感同身受地) through people more adventurous than they are. Online chefs and food boosters sell a lifestyle: you are what you eat, how you eat and what you watch about eating. 1．What caused some ingredients to be sold out in Iceland? A．The delicacy of those ingredients. B．The modest price of those ingredients. C．The inadequacy of online food contents. D．Food lovers’ rush to remake online videos. 2．What does the underlined word “gregarious” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Creative. B．Social. C．Convenient. D．Famous. 3．Why does the author mention Thanksgiving turkey cooking? A．To illustrate tastes differ in turkey cooking. B．To turn cooking into a widespread pastime. C．To show videos deliver clearer instructions. D．To suggest a preferred way of turkey cooking. 4．What is Buxton’s opinion about successful online food contents? A．They should be entertaining and instructive. B．They should be adventurous and healthy. C．They should be tailored to different needs. D．They should be devoted to a balanced lifestyle. Passage 3 （2025·安徽芜湖·二模） Lots of activities are linked to better brain health in old age. Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially beneficial by being intellectually stimulating. In a landmark paper, researchers found that dementia (痴呆) patients who were bilingual (双语的) developed symptoms four years later, on average, than those who weren’t. “We use language in all aspects of daily life, so a bilingual brain is constantly working,” said Mark Antoniou, an associate professor at Western Sydney University. However, despite the proven benefits of language learning for brain health, the actual impact of learning a new language later in life on cognitive (认知的) abilities is still a subject of ongoing research with mixed findings. Research by Dr. Antoniou and his colleagues found that while Chinese adults aged 60 and older improved on cognition tests after a six-month language learning program, people who played games like crossword puzzles did as well. Another small study found that older Italians who took English lessons for four months didn’t see any change in their cognition scores, but those who didn’t take the lessons saw their scores decline. Two recent studies found virtually no difference in cognitive performance after people took part in language-learning programs. The scientists who conducted those studies offered a few potential explanations for their disappointing results. One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, who may have already been at peak performance for their age, making it hard to see any improvements. Another is about the language programmes. “The studies looking into the issue have used language lessons that were very different in their length,” said Judith Grossman, a researcher. Some studies involved teaching participants for six months, while others for just one very intense week. To Dr. Antoniou, the findings are not entirely surprising. “No one would say that learning a new language for six months would be the same as having used two languages for your entire life,” he said. “Therefore, it’s ideal to get the ball rolling in childhood to maximize its ability to improve cognitive function throughout life.” 1．How does speaking various languages offer benefits? A．By keeping the brain active. B．By relieving mental symptoms. C．By improving one’s intelligence. D．By increasing language fluency. 2．What do the studies show about language learning in paragraph 2? A．It doesn’t show consistent cognitive improvement. B．It is more effective than playing crossword puzzles. C．It prevents the decline of old people’s mental health. D．It fails to bring any cognitive benefit to older Italians. 3．Why did the results in some language-learning studies turn out disappointing? A．Researchers used outdated teaching materials. B．Volunteers were already at their age’s cognitive peak. C．The language courses focused on irrelevant vocabulary. D．Participants lacked motivation to learn a new language. 4．What might be Antoniou’s suggestion? A．Examining scientific findings critically. B．Finding more ways to enhance cognition. C．Studying a new language from an early age. D．Learning essential skills throughout childhood. Passage 4 （2025·安徽池州·二模）Wu Xiong, a 40-year-old headmaster, has spent 20 years turning a once-deserted rural school in the mountains into a center for sports and education. In 2004, Wu became headmaster of Tangfang Primary School in Baling Town, Guizhou Province. At that time, the school was merely an old house, with 3 teachers and 75 students. Worse still, many children showed little interest in attending school. To address this issue, Wu had an idea: sports. In 2006, the school held its first sports meeting. “We carried a cement slab (水泥板) from 1.5 kilometers away and used wooden boards as a net for a table tennis competition,” Wu recalled. With more money put into education, Tangfang Primary School got better facilities, but Wu still felt it necessary for students to participate in sporting activities. Now, basketball hoops (篮圈) are designed in three different sizes to suit students of different age groups, while sports equipment storage facilities are never locked up. Wu also makes it a rule that PE cannot yield to other subjects. Now, students have at least 2.5 hours set aside every day for physical activities. Among the 469 students of the school, only six wear glasses. Meanwhile, by participating in various sports competitions, the students learn how to deal with wins and losses properly. According to a recent report, the school's average scores have risen from below 30 in 2004 to over 80 in 2023. Sports have offered the students another way out of the mountains. More than 100 graduates of the school have entered middle schools as sports-focused students. Wu hopes that the happy school memories will help graduates stay connected to their hometown and get ready for their future. 1．What inspired Wu to think of sports as a solution? A．Rich sports resources. B．Requirements from teachers. C．Students' lack of interest in study. D．Children's stress from examinations. 2．What does the underlined phrase "yield to" in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Compare with. B．Give in to. C．Contribute to. D．Take the place of. 3．Why does the author list the numbers in Paragraph 4? A．To show progress in grades. B．To highlight influences of sports. C．To stress the importance of study. D．To introduce types of sports activities. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Headmaster Transformed School With Sports B．A Unique Physical Education Class C．Students Made Breakthroughs in Competition D．The Life Story of a Headmaster 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·安徽马鞍山·二模） Cities have adopted different approaches when it comes to street lighting, but all approaches have prioritized bright uniform street lighting for safety. However, evidence shows that this artificial lighting can change the behavior of nocturnal (夜行的) wildlife. To address this problem, Gladsaxe, a suburb of Copenhagen, introduced a new lighting approach by installing red-spectrum (红色光谱) LED street lighting along a 700-meter stretch of Frederiksborgvej and the Farum cycle superhighway. Gladsaxe’s red lighting helps limit the ecological impact that often comes with white light while still preserving visibility for road users. As far as a trade-off around light pollution goes, the Gladsaxe project provides a potential model for other cities. During the initial installation in 2022, the lighting design used 30 one-meter-high bollards (桩) spaced30 meters apart to project red light that leaves spaces of complete darkness between them, which the designers said allow light-shy bats to cross without exposure while still providing lighting continuity for the bicycle path. At locations where cyclists and pedestrians cross the road, the project added 12 poles at 3.5 meters to create a distinct visual environment and improve safety at those points. Partnering design company Light Bureau reported the installation met required lighting and uniformity levels in selected sections to support Danish road and cycle-path standards, and the project received a Build Back Better GREEN Award in 2022 for minimizing negative impacts on biodiversity while providing safe passage for road users. Light Bureau stated it intended to continue working with biologists to evaluate whether the red-spectrum approach achieved its intended ecological outcomes, indicating post-installation monitoring and assessment would inform future installations or adjustments. The project is now being viewed as a potential model for other cities worldwide dealing with light pollution and its effects on wildlife, while demonstrating how urban design can be adapted to meet both human safety needs and environmental goals. 1．What is the purpose of the Gladsaxe project? A．To reduce energy consumption. B．To make the streets more pleasing. C．To improve visibility for residents. D．To minimize disturbance to wildlife. 2．What can be learnt about the bollards and the poles? A．They are intended to ensure the safety of installers. B．They balance the needs of animals and path users. C．They serve as special decorations along the route. D．They are of similar heights and evenly spaced. 3．What can we say about the project based on Light Bureau’s report? A．It’s received recognition. B．It’s postponed intended outcomes. C．It’s secured partnerships. D．It’s stopped light pollution worldwide. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．White Light, Bright Night. B．Light Pollution in the City. C．Red Light, Safe Night. D．Lighting for the Wildlife. Passage 2 （2025·安徽·二模） In the past thirty years, bee numbers in the United Kingdom have fallen by nearly a third. The main reasons are climate change and the loss of natural habitats. These changes make it hard for bees to find enough pollen (花粉) and nectar (花蜜). Pollen is very important because it gives bees proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Without these nutrients, bees cannot stay healthy. Beekeepers sometimes give bees extra food, but these supplements do not have all the nutrients bees need. As a result, the lack of good food has become a serious problem for the survival of honeybees. To solve this problem, scientists led by Professor Geraldine Wright from the University of Oxford worked to design a better food. The challenge was that bees need special nutrients called sterols, which are not easy to make. The team first studied which sterols bees need, and then found a way to produce them. They created a type of yeast (酵母) that can make all six sterols needed by bees. The next step was to prepare the food in a form that bees would accept. Since bees are picky eaters, the team made a soft ‌“cookie-dough” mixture with bee-friendly ingredients. The scientists tested the new food in glasshouses. The results were impressive. Colonies that ate the superfood produced up to fifteen times more young bees than colonies that did not eat it. These young bees also grew into healthy adults. The bees with the new diet lived longer, took better care of their young, and were stronger against diseases. This showed that the superfood could greatly improve bees’ growth and survival. Wright called this new food ‌“a huge breakthrough for the species”. The study has important significance for both bees and people. With this new food, bees will not need to fight so much for wildflowers. This can help bee populations recover and become stronger. Since bees are key pollinators (授粉者) for many crops, protecting them also helps protect human food supplies. If the superfood is used on a larger scale, it could be a big step toward saving bees and supporting global food security. 1．What main problem do UK bees face? A．Lack of food supplements. B．Spreading of serious diseases. C．Shortage of pollen and nectar. D．Decline of activity and strength. 2．How did scientists address the problem? A．By offering special nutrients to bees. B．By testing natural pollen sources. C．By planting diverse wildflowers. D．By changing bees’ living environment. 3．What effect did the superfood bring to bees? A．They became virus-resistant. B．Their colonies reduced in size. C．Their young had longer lives. D．They stopped being picky eaters. 4．What broader value does the study show? A．It promotes scientific progress. B．It strengthens stable food supply. C．It increases sales of flower seeds. D．It quickens world trade in crops. Passage 3 （2024·安徽淮北·二模）Here’s a recipe for a good animal rescue story: Take one residential creek (小溪), add one lone dolphin and then bring in 28 determined biologists. Mix well and enjoy the happy ending. A young dolphin wandered off its usual path and ended up in a creek in Clearwater, Florida. Biologists with Clearwater Marine Aquarium had been monitoring it since Jan. 1. It appeared reluctant to return to open waters via a small opening under a bridge. “Since monitoring began, the dolphin had not left the creek,” the aquarium said last week. “This posed potential long-term problems. Dolphins are naturally sociable creatures, so if they are isolated from other dolphins, they may turn their attention to human interaction.” This can be dangerous, both for dolphins and humans. Humans who get too close to dolphins can find themselves with injuries such as broken bones. Clearwater Marine Aquarium partnered with NOAA Fisheries and the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission to guard the dolphin to safety. A team of 28 biologists got into the water to form a human chain, creating a visual and sound barrier to aim the dolphin out of the creek. It’s not easy to pull off a human chain in a creek. The biologists had to stay shoulder to shoulder and navigate trees and docks without giving the dolphin an opportunity to slip by. The human encouragement worked, though there was a moment of uncertainty as the team members neared the bridge and weren’t sure if the dolphin went through. The biologists celebrated the dolphin’s arrival on the other side.“It was very exciting after almost 20 plus days for him to finally be out of the canal,” said senior rescue biologist Brittany Baldrica. The wandering dolphin stands a good chance back out in the wild. “We noted that the animal was in good body condition with normal breathing rates and was displaying normal behavior during observations” the aquarium said. Happy ending achieved. 1．What attracted the biologists to monitor a young dolphin? A．Its unusual wandering path. B．A small opening under a bridge. C．Its interactions with human. D．A creek with potential problems. 2．Why did the biologists stay shoulder to shoulder? A．To experience dolphins’ swim in the creek. B．To avoid heavy injuries from the sociable dolphin. C．To create a barrier guiding the dolphin out of the creek. D．To give encouragement to each other while working in the wild. 3．Which can best describe the author’s writing style? A．Humorous. B．Flowery. C．Informal. D．Rough. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Good Way to Rescue Wild Animals. B．A Human Chain to Save a Dolphin’s Life. C．A Heart-stopping Survival Game in Florida. D．A Celebration of Biologists Studying Dolphins. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·安徽合肥·二模） A common element found in table salt may hold the key to powering the next wave of electric vehicles (EVs). Most EVs in the world today are powered by lithium-ion (锂离子) batteries, which perform differently in cold and warm weather. In low temperatures, most lithium-ion batteries would deliver only a very small fraction of their original capacity unless the pack has an active heating system. Batteries store and release energy by moving charged particles (粒子) between electrodes, the two ends of a battery, through an electrolyte, a substance that allows electricity to move; cold temperatures make those processes inactive. To address the issue, a leading battery producer says its sodium-ion (钠离子) pack can keep charging and delivering power far below freezing. As the name implies, sodium-ion batteries replace lithium with sodium, an element found widely in salts. Although sodium ions are larger, they form weaker bonds with the liquid electrolyte than lithium does. This allows them to move much more easily than lithium ions, even when the cold thickens the electrolyte. Consequently, while cold weather slows all ions down, sodium-based systems are less affected, preserving more power and capacity in winter. Laboratory data suggest that at -30℃, this battery can deliver nearly three times the discharge power of equivalent lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, the cheap, standard-range batteries that dominate the EV market. It can charge to 90 percent full when the temperature drops to -40℃ and achieves “stable power delivery” at -50℃ in test conditions. Still, the young supply chain means manufacturing these batteries is currently about 30 percent more expensive, realistically pushing mass production toward the end of this decade. “We should be looking into lowering the cost while maintaining their strong performance at low temperatures,” says Phate Zhang, an EV news founder. 1．What do we know about lithium-ion EVs? A．They need much higher maintenance fees. B．Their power system can be unstable sometimes. C．Their power output might be affected by the cold. D．They lose capacity in extreme weather conditions. 2．Why do sodium-ion batteries work better in cold weather? A．They move much faster than lithium ones. B．They are larger and more active in the electrolyte. C．Their electrolyte stays less affected by low temperatures. D．They interact more weakly with the electrolyte than lithium ions do. 3．How does the author show the superiority of sodium-ion batteries? A．By quoting experts. B．By analyzing causes. C．By describing a process. D．By making comparisons. 4．What is Phate Zhang’s suggestion about? A．Possible direction for future study. B．Choice of new research methods. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the finding. Passage 2 （2026·安徽合肥·二模） When something breaks today, many people simply replace it. A weak phone battery, a leaking coffee maker, or a silent radio often ends up in the trash long before its useful life is over. Yet across many communities, a different habit is returning. At events known as Repair Cafes, people bring broken items to volunteers who help them find the problem and try to fix it. The idea originated in Amsterdam about 15 years ago and has since spread widely. Surveys conducted by the Open Repair Alliance show more than 200,000 repair attempts have been recorded by over 1,100 groups in dozens of countries. The organization also estimates that more than 4,000 repair communities may now be active around the world. A typical repair event is simple. People arrive with lamps, laptops, toys, clothes, vacuum cleaners, or kitchen tools. Instead of paying for an official service, they sit down with volunteers and work through the problem together. Sometimes the repair succeeds quickly. Sometimes it does not. Even then, the process still matters. Owners learn how products are designed, why they fail, and what makes some items easier to repair than others. For that reason, Repair Cafes show that practical knowledge can be shared and that many products are more repairable than people assume. At the same time, the experience of community repair has exposed a deeper problem in manufacturing. In modern consumer culture, products often seem opaque to ordinary users, as if they were sealed boxes not meant to be opened. In 16% of all recorded cases, a repair cannot be completed because the product cannot be opened, and in another 12% of cases, the information needed to complete the repair is missing. In this sense, community repair does more than save objects. It also provides evidence about how products are made and what should change. In an age of fast consumption, these events remind us that value does not disappear the moment something stops working. 1．Why does the author include many figures in paragraph 2? A．To stress the problem of broken items. B．To show the rapid growth of Repair Cafes. C．To compare the costs of different repairs. D．To highlight the impact of throwaway culture. 2．What makes a community repair event special? A．It is more demanding than official service.B．It depends on volunteers to fix the items. C．It follows strict professional guidelines. D．It turns repair into a learning experience. 3．What does the underlined word “opaque” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Unclear. B．Familiar. C．Accessible. D．reliable. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Amsterdam: The Birthplace of Modern Repair B．The Rise of Repair Cafes: More than Just Fixing C．Why Community Services Need More Volunteers D．How to Save Money in an Age of Fast Consumption Passage 3 （2026·安徽滁州·二模） Researchers at the University of Padua in Italy have traced the origins of one of Venice’s most long-lasting signs: the bronze winged lion that stands on the top of a column in St Mark’s Square. Long believed to be a Venetian creation, the sculpture is determined to come from the Yangzi River basin in China. The lion systematically reflects Chinese artistic traditions. For example, the position of its paws matches that of ancient Chinese lion guardians, originally fierce protectors of tombs. Researchers propose that Marco Polo may have acquired the sculpture, a gift from the Yuan Dynasty emperor, and later brought it back to Venice. A Chinese burial guardian thus became a silent witness to the vast cultural exchanges. In China, the lion holds an important symbolic role even though the animals have never lived there in the wild. From palaces to the gates of private homes and even modern banks, pairs of stone lions still stand guard. Real lions began arriving in China via the Silk Road, sent as foreign offerings from Central Asian states to emperors of the Han Dynasty. By the Tang Dynasty, lions were already features of the cultural imagination. Over the centuries, their style evolved: Tang figures often walk energetically, Song examples soften into playful scenes, while later lions sit low in calm dignity. large and completely still. The lion’s influence also extended into popular culture. The lion dance combined martial arts, acrobatics (杂技) and drama into a brilliant performance. Performed at public celebrations, the dance represented strength, luck and the driving away of evil spirits. Today, it remains a beloved festive event across China and throughout overseas Chinese communities. From foreign gift animal to sacred guardian, from sculpted icon to dynamic performer, the lion in China reflects a unique blend of folk inspiration and artistic imagination. In Italy, the bronze lion still gazes over Venice, standing as a reminder of the global networks linking East Asia and Europe long before the modern age, and of how symbols travel, transform and last across civilizations. 1．What is the researchers’ discovery about the bronze lion? A．It originated in China. B．It was made by Venetians. C．It stood as Venice’s symbol. D．It was bought by Marco Polo. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Lions’ origin and traditional role. B．Lions’ images and historic significance. C．Lions’ spread and cultural influence. D．Lions’ introduction and stylistic evolution. 3．What is the lion dance viewed as today? A．A memorial ceremony. B．A form of martial arts training. C．A traditional celebration. D．An intercultural collaboration. 4．What can we learn from the bronze lion’s existence in Italy? A．Venice served as an ancient trade center. B．The bronze lion symbolized Venice’s history. C．Ancient China exported lion statues widely. D．Cultural exchanges existed earlier than assumed. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （2025·安徽·二模） It might have been a party just for Westerners. Teenagers were drinking in the hallway, but what really surprised people was all the noisy talking. Though this was a gathering of young Arabs, almost everyone was chatting in English. Nowadays it is becoming the dominant tongue of the Gulf. On paper Arabic is one of the world’s most successful languages. Over 400 million people speak it. But Arabs speak lots of dialects (方言). Poor education in Arabic is eroding (侵蚀) its purity, as English spreads. Many primary-school children chatter in a hybrid of English and Arabic. “Within a century it may be a dead language,” laments (哀叹) a former British diplomat who is expert in Arabic. The language’s decline reflects recent history. Civil wars have forced millions out of education. “Language reflects how powerful you are,” says Ebtesam al-Ketbi, an Emirati scholar. “The Chinese, Japanese and Koreans have all kept their languages. We haven’t.” English is the biggest threat. In 2017 the Arab Youth Survey found that Gulf Arabs already use it more than Arabic. Saudi Arabia has become the most recent Gulf state to teach schoolchildren English from the bottom class up. A large minority of Gulf citizens’ children go to private schools where English is the main language of tuition. Ms Ketbi says “no one can stop” the spread of English. Champions of Arabic are trying to fight back. Arabic will, of course, remain the language of the Koran (《可兰经》). “We think Arabic is more living than Latin because of its presence in the media, sermons and speeches,” says Hossam Abouzahr, founder of The Living Arabic Project, an online platform that tries to revive the language. “Latin survived in the churches for centuries despite having no native speakers,” he notes hopefully. 1．What surprised the author at the party? A．The teenagers’ drinking. B．The noisy talking in English. C．The gathering of young Arabs. D．The use of different dialects. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A．Arabs talk with each other without dialects. B．Arabic will be a dead language in the near future. C．The number of Arabic speakers is increasing slowly. D．Arabic is being affected by English and its purity is at risk. 3．How does the author support his argument in Paragraph 4? A．By listing figures. B．By giving examples. C．By referring to historical reports. D．By making a comparison. 4．What is Hossam Abouzahr’s attitude to the future of the Arabic language? A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Concerned. D．Hopeless. Passage 2 （2025·安徽·二模） When it gets cold, some customers come to my shop to buy a special tea with a hard-to-pronounce Chinese name Lapsang Souchong. They like to drink it while reading a book near a warm fire. This tea has a smoky taste, and some people really like it, while others don’t. Winston Churchill liked it because it reminded him of his cigars (雪茄) and a type of whiskey. An actress named Lynn Redgrave also enjoyed it with milk for breakfast. Legend (传说) has it that Lapsang Souchong might have been the first black tea produced in China, where green teas were most common. In 1646, soldiers passing through a Fujian village in the Wuyi Mountains camped in a tea factory filled with fresh leaves awaiting processing. When the soldiers left and the workers could get back into the buildings, their delicate green leaves had oxidized to a red colour. They quickly dried it with pine fires and sold it to get some money back. To their surprise, the unusual tea was sold at a high price and eventually found its way to Dutch traders in Amoy, who were eager to fill their ships with as much tea — green or black — as they could acquire. The long sea trip from China to Amsterdam needed the tea to be well-preserved, and this special Wuyi tea kept its good quality even in the wet and tough conditions on the ship. One of my favourite uses for Lapsang Souchong is as an ingredient for my Thanksgiving turkey. I always slip a few teaspoons of dry tea leaves under the skin of the bird before placing it into the oven. Soon, the kitchen smells as if a fire has been lit in the fireplace, and guests comment on the smell when they enter the front door. What’s great is that the tea gives a smoky taste to the turkey juices, which makes my gravy (汤) taste better — an American Thanksgiving meal with a turkey that has a Chinese tea flavour. 1．Why did the author mention Winston Churchill and Lynn Redgrave? A．To show the tea’s popularity. B．To introduce two famous people. C．To describe their breakfast habits. D．To explain their unique preference. 2．Which is closest to the meaning of the underlined word “oxidized” in Paragraph 4? A．Lost weight. B．Changed colour. C．Got damaged. D．Became stronger. 3．How does the author use Lapsang Souchong usually? A．He drinks it before dinner. B．He gives it to guests as a gift. C．He adds it to the baking turkeys. D．He uses it to attract more customers. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．The Legend of Lapsang Souchong. B．The Many Uses of Lapsang Souchong. C．Lapsang Souchong: A Tea with a Story. D．Tea Trade: A means to Spread Chinese Culture. Passage 3 （2024·安徽淮北·二模） While conquering the world’s swimming pools in the late 1990s and the 2000s, Amanda Beard had already included breathing exercises in her training. Several years after the end of her athletic career, she discovered walking meditation. Today the seven-time US Olympic medalist practices walking meditation in nature, around the house, or while walking the dog. It’s a daily practice with the focused mindfulness of meditation that contributes positively to every aspect of her life, she says. You don’t need equipment or a designated space to start. The idea of a walking meditation is to pay attention to the way your body feels, noticing things like the sky, trees, tuning into all of your senses. This means you can meditate “on the go” in the countryside, in the city, in your backyard, and virtually anywhere. A simple, 10-minute walking meditation for beginners requires that you just start at ease. Consider what you hear, smell and see. Think about how your feet touch the ground. Fully focus on these feelings. A report in Health Promotion Perspectives also found that walking meditation can improve your balance, adjust your heart rate, boost your mental focus, and help you battle anxiety and depression. “The benefits of meditation are many,” says Dr. Schramm, a board-certified family physician and meditation teacher. “When we do this over and over again, we train the brain to focus on only one thing at a time and this increases both our blood flow and actual neuronal (神经元) changes within our brains.” “The magic of meditation is to be able to help you connect with yourself; meditation shouldn’t feel a certain way,” says Tara Stiles, a yoga and wellness expert. It’s a common mistake in meditation: People fear a wandering mind. “A wandering mind is completely normal,” Stiles says. “Even experienced meditators aren’t sitting there never having a thought, but when they have the thought they choose to guide themselves back to their breath instead of getting frustrated. 1．What is walking meditation? A．Plain walking. B．Mindful walking. C．A competitive sport. D．Deep thought while stationary. 2．Which of the following is recommended to a beginner starting walking meditation? A．A familiar environment. B．A 10-minute walking time. C．A relaxed but observant state. D．A piece of special equipment. 3．What is the brain’s reaction to walking meditation according to Dr. Schramm? A．Enhancing the blood flow. B．Undergoing balance training. C．Having more active thoughts. D．Decreasing neuronal changes. 4．What is Tara Stiles’ attitude towards distractions? A．Carefree. B．Frustrated. C．Concerned. D．Positive. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·安徽淮北·二模） Killer whales in the coastal waters off Washington have been seen massaging each other by rubbing pieces of kelp (海带) between their bodies. Researchers filmed the animals selecting and biting off the kelp into long, thin pieces, then placing one piece onto the back of another whale. The scientists think this might have a health or cleanliness function, but they also believe they are a form of social bonding. The findings appear to be an example of tool use in whales, with the animals fashioning a piece of kelp and using it for a planned purpose. During 12 days of studying a population of killer whales, the team recorded 30 times of kelp massage. “We see it multiple times per day,” said lead researcher Dr Weiss. This could be a marine version of behaviour seen in monkeys, where animals spend hours picking through fur, cleaning and removing harmful insects. Physical touch in animals is important for building and maintaining social relationships, and killer whales are highly social animals. The view from the air has provided new insight into underwater behaviour, including how the animals interact. High-quality video showed that whales with rougher skin were more likely to engage in the behaviour, suggesting it may help with skin health. It is not yet clear whether this behaviour is unique to this group or more widespread among other whale populations. However, scientists say the discovery is exciting, as these objects were being used in a way never before reported in marine mammals. The study of this threatened killer whale population was started by Dr Balcomb more than 50 years ago. Initially, he wanted to examine the threats to their survival, particularly as the population was targeted for capture and sale to some marine parks. Long-term research on this population has revealed many insights into their social structure, and this new finding highlights the complexity of their society and the importance of protecting them. 1．What are the killer whales observed doing in paragraph 1? A．Using kelp to feed each other. B．Shaping kelp to rub another whale. C．Collecting kelp from the ocean floor. D．Teaching young whales to clean with kelp. 2．What can be inferred about killer whales in comparison with monkeys? A．They use tools more often. B．They rely less on interaction. C．They are physically far stronger. D．They show similar social behaviours. 3．Why do scientists consider the discovery exciting? A．It provides clear video evidence. B．It suggests rubbing is common among whales. C．It is the first report of such tool use in marine mammals. D．It explains why whales with skin problems behave this way. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Killer Whales Use Tools for Social Purposes B．The Role of Food in Whales’ Communication C．A Behaviour Observed in Killer Whales Hunting D．How Killer Whales Adapt to Changes in the Ocean Passage 2 （2026·安徽池州·二模） A world without plastics seems unimaginable today. But in the world where waste is becoming an increasingly pressing issue, new technologies and cross-sector (跨领域) cooperation are in great need to address both environmental challenges and long-term development needs. Scientists and engineers are working together to solve waste-related issues. In Shenzhen, the former Yulong landfill — once a “trash mountain” — is undergoing China’s largest full-clearance project. Equipped with AI-powered systems, it sorts 6,000 cubic meters of waste daily with 98% accuracy and generates 100 million kWh of electricity, powering 26,000 households a year. The project will free 300,000 square meters for an AI-focused tech centre. China leads the waste-to-energy sector with 1,010 incineration enterprises (焚化企业), accounting for nearly half the global total. On the global front, plastic waste causes a severe threat: last year saw 4.14 billion tons of plastic, but only 12% was effectively recycled. Researchers are now using technologies like depolymerization (解聚) to break down plastics. These technologies overcome the limitations of existing methods. AI plays a key role too: intelligent robots easily identify PET, HDPE, and polyolefins, solving mixed plastic sorting difficulties. “Waste is never just garbage — it’s unused resources to be harvested,” says environmental scientist Bohan Chen. From landfill to advanced recycling, China’s efforts prove environmental protection and economic development can exist together. Behind these innovations lies cross-sector cooperation, driving cutting-edge scientific research. Chinese researchers, for example, are also exploring how industrial solid waste can be recycled into building materials or fuel, while waste processing companies are expanding overseas, exporting not just equipment but technologies to Southeast Asia, Europe, and beyond. This cooperation is not merely “borrowing” knowledge from different fields but putting them together to create solutions greater than the sum of their parts. These efforts reflect a shift toward a circular economy, where waste is no longer a burden but a resource. From turning landfills into tech centres to changing plastic waste into energy and new materials, these innovations reduce environmental problems, conserve resources, and create economic opportunities. Such practices, as is shown in China, offer a sustainable path forward for cities worldwide. 1．What problem is mentioned in the first paragraph? A．Waste calls for urgent solution. B．Having no plastics is terrible. C．Development lacks technology. D．Cooperation does not exist yet. 2．Why does the author list the figures in paragraph 2? A．To prove efforts in waste management. B．To display the advanced technologies. C．To indicate international cooperation. D．To show the seriousness of pollution. 3．What plays a key role in recycling plastics? A．Building large landfills. B．Conventional sorting methods. C．Technological breakthroughs. D．Importing advanced equipment. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards China’s waste management practices? A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Worried. Passage 3 （2026·安徽安庆·二模） From Florida’s Wetlands, the Miccosukee people have long shared islands with a 7-foot female alligator (短吻鳄), warmly called Mama Gator. For 60 years, they’ve observed her shape the ecosystem: digging ponds to hold water in dry seasons and building raised nests for eggs in rainy seasons, with humans keeping a respectful distance during nesting. This close coexistence mirrors a broader truth — alligators are vital “ecosystem engineers,” not just cold-blooded killers. Scientific research now backs the Miccosukee people’s wisdom. Alligator ponds serve as shelters for fish, frogs and plants during dry seasons, while their nests create dry platforms for other animals and birds. Water birds even nest above alligators, which act as bodyguards against ring-tailed bears, in a two-way beneficial arrangement. As top predators (捕食者), alligators move nutrients around by moving between habitats, eating in coastal areas and answering the call of nature upstream, boosting the food web from water plants to larger animals. Once on the edge of extinction due to hunting for their skins in the 19th and 20th centuries, American alligators made a remarkable comeback after 1967 protection laws, with wild populations recovering to over three million in Florida and Louisiana. Today, researchers uncover more hidden benefits: alligator-rich wetlands store high levels of carbon, aiding climate change control, and some alligators exhibit surprising adaptability — from resident individuals staying close to home to highly mobile ones traveling hundreds of kilometers to coastal waters for food, despite lacking salt-processing glands (腺体). Conservation efforts, including landowners’ head-starting programs and the Miccosukee people’s egg-rescue initiatives, continue to safeguard alligators. Biologists stress that these animals deserve recognition not as monsters, but as kind guardians that maintain freshwater ecosystems, support biodiversity and fight climate change. As the Miccosukee know, coexisting with alligators means respecting nature’s delicate balance. 1．How does Mama Gator affect the local environment? A．By living with the Miccosukee people. B．By keeping a distance from humans. C．By creating ponds and high nests. D．By boosting the original food web. 2．Which of the following best describes the impact of Alligator ponds? A．Wide-ranging. B．Double-edged. C．Short-lived. D．Time-limited. 3．What does the author imply in paragraph 3? A．American alligators can process salt. B．The 1967 laws have proven effective. C．Nearby habitats have been destroyed. D．Adaptability of species is significant. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Alligators: Protectors of the Ecosystem. B．Mama Gator: A Star of the Grassland. C．The Miccosukee: Guardians of Nature. D．Wetlands: Sites of Conservation Efforts. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $