卷08 -【灿烂六月 · 金8卷】备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷）

【灿烂六月 · 高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷08） 参考答案及评分标准 II．Grammar and Vocabulary （20%） Section A 1．could 2．none 3．forgetting 4．what 5．With 6．like 7．are losing/have lost 8．to describe 9．Although/Though/While 10．across Section B 11．C 12．K 13．I 14．G 15．J 16．A 17．H 18．B 19．E 20．F III．Reading Comprehension （45%） Section A 21．A 22．C 23．D 24．B 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．D 30．A 31．C 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．B Section B 36．C 37．B 38．C 39．D 40．D 41．C 42．A 43．D 44．D 45．C 46．A Section C 47．C 48．A 49．E 50．F IV．概要写作（10%） One possible version: 【51】To explore cognitive therapies other than pharmaceutical treatment for anxiety disorders, a university research team found mindfulness therapy helps reduce childhood anxiety significantly through increased consciousness of present feelings and body sensations. Mindfulness therapy allows patients more treatment options. With patients’ increasing demand for additional therapeutic options, the university is now working on these therapies. (55 words) V. Translation （15%） 【52】This training program is tailored to help beginners learn programming. 【53】This exhibition features diverse cultures and fully demonstrates the unique charm of different civilizations. 【54】Whether you choose a wooden sofa or a leather one, make sure the sofa is huge enough to accommodate the eight of us. 【55】Diners all compliment the baker on his exceptional skill, as the fragrant and tender/soft desserts/sweets/treats/snacks just melt in the mouth, filling them with happiness. VI. Guided Writing （25%） 【参考答案】                 Dear Lynn,     I’m Li Ming, a Senior Three student from Mingqi High School. I’m writing to offer you some practical advice to help you persuade your parents.     First, you’d better have a calm and sincere talk with your parents. You can explain that photography is not a waste of time. It can broaden your horizons, cultivate your patience and enrich your spare time. Besides, promise them that you will arrange your time properly and never let your hobby affect your schoolwork. Good academic performance is the best way to remove their worries.     What’s more, you can share your photographic works with them, letting them feel your true love for this hobby.     I believe that your parents will finally understand and support you. Yours, Li Ming 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 【灿烂六月 · 高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷08） （笔试部分：115分） I.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. During a visit to Beijing many years ago, I had lunch with three PhD students in the Chinese Department at Peking University, all native speakers of Chinese. As I had caught a cold, I tried to write a short note to cancel an afternoon appointment, but suddenly found that I 1 not remember how to write the Chinese characters for the word “sneeze”. I asked my three friends to write it for me. To my surprise, 2 of them could do so correctly. Since Peking University is often regarded as the “Harvard of China”, the incident was striking. It is difficult to imagine three Harvard PhD students in English literature 3 (forget) how to write the English word “sneeze”. This was my first direct encounter with   4 is now widely known in China as “character amnesia”: even highly educated people are forgetting how to write common Chinese characters by hand. By the turn of the twenty-first century, the spread of the internet and the rise of a digitised information environment brought major changes to the use of Chinese characters. 5 the exponential growth of computer memory, Chinese word processing became increasingly routine and convenient. The standard QWERTY keyboard could support not only Pinyin input but also various other entry systems, enabling Chinese characters, 6 alphabetic writing, to function easily in cyberspace. Almost overnight, Chinese users adopted smartphones and tablets, relying on Pinyin input, and speech-to-text technology. Yet these advances have produced a distinctive problem: nowadays people 7 (lose) the ability to write characters by hand. Certainly, such lapses are not entirely new. Chinese has long had the expression tibiwangzi — “lift the pen, forget the character” — 8 (describe) this tendency. However, the digitally intensified version is more serious than occasionally forgetting a rare or complex character. Even highly literate people now fail to write characters in very ordinary words such as “kitchen”, “lips”, “cough”, and “broom”. 9 there have been few rigorous empirical studies, informal surveys by China Daily suggest that about 80% of respondents experience character amnesia in daily life. Some research has been launched to explore the causes, though the data remain difficult to evaluate 10 occupations and disciplines. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address     B．yield     C． marked     D．initially     E. potential     F. produce G. intense     H. sound     I. feature     J. harbored     K. virtually The Rise of Urban Vertical Gardening For many years, city centers have been seen as “concrete jungles,” where tall buildings covered the sky and nature was limited to small parks far away. However, by early 2026, the global urban planning plan is rapidly changing this story to fight the worsening climate problems. The landscape of modern cities is currently undergoing a(n) 11 change as scientists and architects work together to reduce the urban heat effect, a problem that has long troubled people living in big cities with very hot summer temperatures. This shift shows a change from treating green plants as simple decorations to making them a working part of building design. In many modern districts, the plain grey concrete that once covered rooftops has 12 disappeared, replaced by green vertical farms that grow on the sides of glass buildings. These gardens 13 multiple ecological roles, serving not only to provide a local source of food but also to collect used water and significantly lower the surrounding temperatures. They effectively work as a “living skin” for the city, absorbing sunlight and reducing the 14 heat trapped in narrow streets, creating a cooler and more comfortable urban environment. In the early stages of development, many urban planners and experts 15 doubts about the high costs and technical problems that these green structures were intended to 16 . People worried whether the watering systems could work well in extreme weather or if the added weight of wet soil would damage the foundations of old buildings. However, clear data collected over the past year has shown that these vertical gardens are far more 17 than people expected. They have proven to be very strong, providing a high 18 of organic food even during periods of unexpected dry weather or transport problems. The 19 for reducing a city’s carbon footprint through this method is great, especially when used with clean energy. Besides storing carbon, these green areas help birds and insects find a home in the city. Despite the great benefits of having high-quality 20 grown just a few floors away, some developers still don’t want to make the change because they are worried about money in the short term. Nevertheless, experts argue that functional green space must be treated as a necessity rather than a luxury. II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Girls are better at reading and writing than boys as early as the fourth grade, according to a study, and the gap continues to widen until senior year. Scientists generally agree that boys and girls are psychologically more alike than they are different. But reading seems to be a(n) 21 , with growing evidence suggesting a similar 22 in writing. The study, published in the journal American Psychologist, provided further evidence to support this 23 . David Reilly, lead author of the study and a doctoral student at Griffith University in Queensland, Australia, said the study questioned the commonly held 24 that boys and girls start grade school with the same cognitive abilities. “It appears that the gender 25 for writing tasks has been greatly underestimated, and that despite our best efforts with changes in teaching methods does not appear to be 26 over time,” he said. Factors explaining the results could include learning 27 being more prevalent among boys; the pressure to conform to masculine ideals and the idea of reading and language being feminine; and 28 differences in how boys and girls use their brain hemispheres (半球), the authors believe. To investigate how literacy levels differed between boys and girls in the U. S. , the team at Griffith University studied data collected over three decades in the National Assessment of Educational Progress. This database of test 29 on over 3.9 million students in the fourth, eighth and twelfth grades 30 national and state performances in a range of subjects, and considered such variables such as disabilities or whether children were English learners. Reading and writing was 31 according to children’s understanding of a range of different passages and genres, for instance reports, poetry and essays. Overall, girls were found to perform 32 better in reading and writing tests by the fourth grade when compared with boys of the same age. As children progressed to eighth and twelfth grades, girls continued to overtake boys, but the difference was more pronounced in writing than reading. But what caused this difference in abilities? Evidence suggests 33 problems, such as being disruptive in class or being aggressive could be linked to neurological conditions, the authors wrote. What is known as lateralization (偏侧化), or the 34 for some functions to occur on one side of the brain, could also play a role. Boys are believed to use one hemisphere when reading or writing, while girls appear to use both. The data did not, however, 35 evidence to argue in favor of the two genders having different learning styles. 21．A．exception B．model C．representative D．principle 22．A．factor B．standard C．pattern D．level 23．A．scenery B．scene C．look D．view 24．A．activity B．belief C．behavior D．education 25．A．relation B．link C．gap D．record 26．A．reducing B．increasing C．accepting D．promoting 27．A．advantages B．actions C．comforts D．difficulties 28．A．weak B．slight C．tender D．soft 29．A．becomes B．illustrates C．appears D．scores 30．A．broke down B．wrote down C．sat down D．went down 31．A．gathered B．ignored C．measured D．designed 32．A．highly B．significantly C．severely D．crucially 33．A．traditional B．educational C．cultural D．behavioral 34．A．tendency B．strength C．quality D．ability 35．A．attack B．provide C．trap D．suspend Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The summer I turned 40, I started running — not in an athletic or disciplined way, but desperately, almost breathlessly. I was struggling with anxiety after giving birth to our second child. My mind felt like a room with 100 voices, all of them screaming. I couldn’t quiet the panic. A doctor suggested that instead of trying to calm my thoughts, I should try to connect with my body. “Start small,” she said, “Just move.” So, I put on an old pair of sports shoes. My goal was to run to the end of my street — just one mailbox down. I made it, but my lungs burned and my legs shook. I walked home, defeated. Yet, the next day, I tried again. And the day after that. Slowly, the mailbox turned into two mailboxes, then a lap around the block. I was slow. I was awkward. But I was moving. During those runs, I began to understand something. Running, especially when you don’t feel like it, is an act of leadership over your own soul. You are both the president and the citizen of your body. The part of you that wants to quit, to go home, to collapse on the sofa, is the tired citizen. The part of you that says, “Just one more step,” “Just to that tree,” is the president — the one who must decide for the good of the whole, who must carry the weight of the effort even when it’s hard. My anxiety had made me a passive passenger in my own life. Running taught me how to show up and lead. It was on a run, about three months in, struggling up a hill, that a clear thought broke through the mental noise: “I am doing something hard, and I am okay.” My body, which had felt like the root of my failure (too tired, too weak, too anxious), became the root of my strength. I never ran a marathon. My pace never got impressively fast. But I learned to run like a president: to make the hard choice to move forward when every fiber wants to stop; . 36．What is the best title for this passage? A．Silencing the 100 Voices B．From Mailboxes to Marathons C．Running as the President of Your Own Life D．The Restorative Power of a Doctor’s Advice 37．Why did the writer start running? A．To deal with her hearing problem. B．To manage anxiety through movement. C．To counter the panic about aging after 40. D．To create personal space in a crowded world. 38．The sentence “Running taught me how to show up and lead.” in paragraph 5 indicates that ______. A．I figured out how to show up on the running track B．running taught me to let the body naturally lead the soul C．I discovered how to take control of my life through running D．running helped me stop being passive and start leading others 39．Which of the following best fits in the blank in the last paragraph? A．to claim my presence in a distant world — to feel real again B．to keep going even when I can’t run fast — to lead a slow life C．to meet the part of myself I run away from — the imperfect part D．to bear the discomfort for a greater good — the good of my own life (B) 15 TH OCT 2023 CULTUREGazelle Twin, a composer, producer, and musician, opens up about being a conceptual artist and establishing a unique identity ahead of the release of her new album (专辑), Black Dog. Q: Would you describe your music as conceptual? A: Conceptual is a good term. I don’t make music just for the sake of making music. My records are inspired by themes I spend much time learning about the theme before writing, then design the album structure. For example, Black Dog was originally about ghosts, but finally focuses on my childhood, adulthood, parenthood, and the anxiety and fear along the way. Q: Throughout the album, there is a sense of an observer. Is that person yourself, or another presence? A: Both. There is the voice of my own depression and anxiety, and this other person comes from inside me, a quiet observer that always exists within. It’s like having a constant inner watcher that notices those uncomfortable feelings — the fear, the vulnerability (脆弱), especially as a woman in the world. For example, when I walk alone at night, I may feel unsafe and become watchful. We have to build protective instincts around ourselves. Q: When you started out, did you have any idea of the kind of artist you wanted to be? A: I didn’t want to fit a fixed style or be restricted by being female. I wanted flexibility and to think beyond my personal ability. Q: What would be your advice to anyone with ambitions to become a musician? A: Follow your instincts. Put yourself out there without pressure to be “perfect”. Absorb, experiment, and embrace the unknown journey. Success needs a team and time — you must love it and stick to it long-term. 40．Why is Gazelle Twin’s music conceptual? A．Her records are usually about ghosts. B．The album’s structure is a top priority. C．The word “conceptual” itself is attractive. D．Her music is highly motivated by themes. 41．In the second part of the interview, “this other person” most likely represents ________. A．a ghost from her childhood B．a friend who always walks with her C．her inner self-awareness D．her spiritual growth 42．Which of the following can be inferred from Gazelle Twin’s response in the interview? A．She owes success to passion and patience. B．Her future planning relies heavily on the team. C．Black Dog has already become a hit album worldwide. D．She expresses willingness to help the potential musicians. (C) We’ve all heard about techniques to get us more physically active — take the stairs, park the car a bit further from your destination, get up and march in place for a minute or two when standing or sitting at a desk. Now a study finds even simple housework may make a difference in brain health in our 70s and 80s. “Exercise is an inexpensive way to improve health. Our study shows it may have a protective effect on the brain,” says Dr. Aron S. Buchman with Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, who led the study. Previous research found just 45 minutes of walking three days a week actually increased brain volume among individuals 65 and older. The new study, published in an online issue of Neurology, is unique. Buchman was able to analyze the actual brains of study participants. The findings are a “great thank you” to the participants who agreed to donate their brains for research after death, he says. The study looked at 454 older adults who were 70 or older when the research began. Of those adults, 191 had behavioral signs of dementia (痴呆) and 263 did not. In the research that was done in the final years of their lives, each participant wore an activity monitor called an accelerometer. It measured those participants’ physical activity around the clock — everything from walking around the house to exercise routines. Researchers collected and evaluated ten days of movement data for each participant and calculated an average daily activity score. The findings show that higher levels of daily movement were linked to better thinking and memory skills. And when Buchman analyzed brain tissue under a microscope, this finding turned out to be the case even for individuals with at least three signs of Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症). Even though these individuals might have been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, 30 percent of them had “normal” cognition at death, says Buchman. Why one person shows signs of dementia and another, who has similar degenerative (退行性的) changes in the brain, does not, is a mystery. But Buchman says the new findings suggest that physical activity may be protective, even while developing Alzheimer’s. It sort of masks the symptoms, he says. It suggests that you can have some control over your brain health even if you don’t have control over developing Alzheimer’s. And, while intense activity and exercise is highly beneficial, light activity can make a difference as well, says Buchman. “As long as you have some activity and you’re moving, whether you’re chopping onions or sweeping the floor,” you can reduce your risk of cognitive decline. 43．What makes the new study unique compared to previous research? A．It involves a larger number of participants than earlier studies. B．It proves that intense exercise is more effective than light activity. C．It discovers that housework is the best form of exercise for the elderly. D．It allows researchers to examine participants’ actual brain tissue after death. 44．According to the study, what is the effect of light physical activity on individuals with Alzheimer’s disease? A．It completely cures the disease. B．It has no significant impact on brain health. C．It slows down the progression of the Alzheimer’s disease. D．It may cover up symptoms and reduce the cognitive decline. 45．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage? A．The Cure for Alzheimer’s: A New Medical Breakthrough B．Why Housework Is Better Than Gym Exercise for Seniors C．Physical Activity: A Protective Barrier Against Brain Aging D．The Mystery of Dementia: Why Some People Are Immune 46．What is Dr. Buchman’s attitude towards the study’s findings? A．Appreciative and cautiously optimistic. B．Indifferent to the participants’ contributions. C．Pessimistic about their practical application. D．Suspicious of the link between exercise and brain health. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Twilight of the Brands It’s a truism of business-book thinking that a company’s brand is its “most important asset,” more valuable than technology or patents or manufacturing prowess. But brands have never been more fragile. The reason is simple: consumers are supremely well informed and far more likely to investigate the real value of products than to rely on logos. Absolute Value, a new book by Itamar Simonson and Emanuel Rosen, shows that, historically, the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment. 47 If a car was made by G.M., or a ketchup by Heinz, you assumed that it was pretty good. It was hard to figure out if a new product from an unfamiliar company was reliable or not, so brand loyalty was a way of reducing risk. Today, consumers can read much research about whatever they want to buy. This started back with Consumer Reports, which did objective studies of products. 48 It has given ordinary consumers easy access to expert reviews, user reviews, and detailed product data, in an array of categories. A recent study found that eighty per cent of consumers look at online reviews before making major purchases, and a host of studies have logged the strong influence those reviews have on the decisions people make. 49 An undesirable product can become a laughingstock (笑柄) in a matter of hours. In the old days, you might buy a Sony television set because you’d owned one before, or because you trusted the brand. Today, such considerations matter much less than reviews on Amazon and Engadget and CNET. As Simonson said, “each product now has to prove itself on its own. ” It’s been argued that in a world where consumers are overwhelmed with information, the information will actually make brands more valuable. Indeed, the role a brand plays in people’s lives has become all the more important. But information overload is largely a myth. 50 And this has made customer loyalty pretty much a thing of the past. Only twenty-five per cent of American respondents in a recent study said that brand loyalty affected how they shopped. A．But what’s really weakened the power of brands is the Internet. B．For consumers this is ideal: heightened competition has raised quality and held down prices. C．When consumers had to rely on advertisements and their past experience with a company, brands served as a guarantee for quality. D．A large quantity of consumers fail to get a great deal of information efficiently and effectively. E．The rise of social media has sped up the trend to an astonishing degree. F．Most consumers figure out how to find what they’re looking for without spending huge amounts of time online. IV. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Yoga, meditation may help reduce childhood anxiety Anxiety disorders affect more than one in four adolescents from the ages of 13 to 18, and many of them are treated with medications to try and help them live a relatively healthy childhood. But a team of researchers from the University of Cincinnati set out to explore other treatment options that focus more on the mind and less on pharmaceutical(药物的) solutions. Their study, published in the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, recruited nine participants who were diagnosed with anxiety disorders between 9 and 16 years of age. These conditions included generalized, social and separation anxiety disorder as well as having a parent with anxiety disorder. Over the course of 12 weeks, each participant underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans while they practiced mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, a wide range of therapeutic techniques that include meditation, yoga, and learning how to pay nonjudgmental attention to one’s life. “These integrative approaches expand traditional treatments and offer new strategies for coping with psychological distress,”said the study’s co-author Sian Cotton, director of the UC’s Center for Integrative Health and Wellness, in a statement. Mindfulness-based therapeutic interventions promote the use of meditative practices to increase present-moment awareness of conscious thoughts, feelings, and body sensations in an effort to manage negative experiences more effectively. Cotton noted the anxiety of their patients was significantly reduced following treatment, and the more mindfulness they practiced, the less anxious they felt. Both findings reaffirm the potential that mindfulness therapy could bring to the table. If nothing else, it might allow people who would be reluctant to take medication more treatments to choose from. “Increasingly, patients and families are asking for additional therapeutic options, in addition to traditional medication-based treatments, that have proven effectiveness for improved symptom reduction. Mindfulness-based therapies for mood disorders is one such example with promising evidence,”said Cotton, adding the university is both studying and implementing these therapies. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．这个培训项目是为帮助初学者学习编程而量身定制的。 (tailor) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53．本次展览聚焦多元文化，尽显不同文明的独特魅力。（feature）   ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54．不管你选择实木沙发还是皮革沙发，一定要确保沙发足够大，能坐得下我们八个人。(enough) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55．食客们都夸面包师技艺高超，软糯香甜的点心入口即化，给人满满的幸福感。(compliment) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing （25分） Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李明，看到学校英文报上的 TROUBLESHOOTER (“排忧解难”) 专栏 Lynn 发的一封信，你通过该英文报回复 Lynn，给她提供建议，帮助她改变父母的想法。你的信必须包括： 1.你的建议； 2.你的理由。 Dear TROUBLESHOOTER, I’m a high school student who has a passion for photography. I’ve been saving up to buy my dream camera, but my parents insist that it’s a waste of time and money, and that I should focus entirely on my studies. They don’t understand why photography matters to me. How can I change their mind? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Lynn 试题 第11页（共12页） 试题 第12页（共12页） 试题 第5页（共12页） 试题 第6页（共12页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【灿烂六月 · 高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷08） （笔试部分：115分） I.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. During a visit to Beijing many years ago, I had lunch with three PhD students in the Chinese Department at Peking University, all native speakers of Chinese. As I had caught a cold, I tried to write a short note to cancel an afternoon appointment, but suddenly found that I 1 not remember how to write the Chinese characters for the word “sneeze”. I asked my three friends to write it for me. To my surprise, 2 of them could do so correctly. Since Peking University is often regarded as the “Harvard of China”, the incident was striking. It is difficult to imagine three Harvard PhD students in English literature 3 (forget) how to write the English word “sneeze”. This was my first direct encounter with   4 is now widely known in China as “character amnesia”: even highly educated people are forgetting how to write common Chinese characters by hand. By the turn of the twenty-first century, the spread of the internet and the rise of a digitised information environment brought major changes to the use of Chinese characters. 5 the exponential growth of computer memory, Chinese word processing became increasingly routine and convenient. The standard QWERTY keyboard could support not only Pinyin input but also various other entry systems, enabling Chinese characters, 6 alphabetic writing, to function easily in cyberspace. Almost overnight, Chinese users adopted smartphones and tablets, relying on Pinyin input, and speech-to-text technology. Yet these advances have produced a distinctive problem: nowadays people 7 (lose) the ability to write characters by hand. Certainly, such lapses are not entirely new. Chinese has long had the expression tibiwangzi — “lift the pen, forget the character” — 8 (describe) this tendency. However, the digitally intensified version is more serious than occasionally forgetting a rare or complex character. Even highly literate people now fail to write characters in very ordinary words such as “kitchen”, “lips”, “cough”, and “broom”. 9 there have been few rigorous empirical studies, informal surveys by China Daily suggest that about 80% of respondents experience character amnesia in daily life. Some research has been launched to explore the causes, though the data remain difficult to evaluate 10 occupations and disciplines. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address     B．yield     C． marked     D．initially     E. potential     F. produce G. intense     H. sound     I. feature     J. harbored     K. virtually The Rise of Urban Vertical Gardening For many years, city centers have been seen as “concrete jungles,” where tall buildings covered the sky and nature was limited to small parks far away. However, by early 2026, the global urban planning plan is rapidly changing this story to fight the worsening climate problems. The landscape of modern cities is currently undergoing a(n) 11 change as scientists and architects work together to reduce the urban heat effect, a problem that has long troubled people living in big cities with very hot summer temperatures. This shift shows a change from treating green plants as simple decorations to making them a working part of building design. In many modern districts, the plain grey concrete that once covered rooftops has 12 disappeared, replaced by green vertical farms that grow on the sides of glass buildings. These gardens 13 multiple ecological roles, serving not only to provide a local source of food but also to collect used water and significantly lower the surrounding temperatures. They effectively work as a “living skin” for the city, absorbing sunlight and reducing the 14 heat trapped in narrow streets, creating a cooler and more comfortable urban environment. In the early stages of development, many urban planners and experts 15 doubts about the high costs and technical problems that these green structures were intended to 16 . People worried whether the watering systems could work well in extreme weather or if the added weight of wet soil would damage the foundations of old buildings. However, clear data collected over the past year has shown that these vertical gardens are far more 17 than people expected. They have proven to be very strong, providing a high 18 of organic food even during periods of unexpected dry weather or transport problems. The 19 for reducing a city’s carbon footprint through this method is great, especially when used with clean energy. Besides storing carbon, these green areas help birds and insects find a home in the city. Despite the great benefits of having high-quality 20 grown just a few floors away, some developers still don’t want to make the change because they are worried about money in the short term. Nevertheless, experts argue that functional green space must be treated as a necessity rather than a luxury. II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Girls are better at reading and writing than boys as early as the fourth grade, according to a study, and the gap continues to widen until senior year. Scientists generally agree that boys and girls are psychologically more alike than they are different. But reading seems to be a(n) 21 , with growing evidence suggesting a similar 22 in writing. The study, published in the journal American Psychologist, provided further evidence to support this 23 . David Reilly, lead author of the study and a doctoral student at Griffith University in Queensland, Australia, said the study questioned the commonly held 24 that boys and girls start grade school with the same cognitive abilities. “It appears that the gender 25 for writing tasks has been greatly underestimated, and that despite our best efforts with changes in teaching methods does not appear to be 26 over time,” he said. Factors explaining the results could include learning 27 being more prevalent among boys; the pressure to conform to masculine ideals and the idea of reading and language being feminine; and 28 differences in how boys and girls use their brain hemispheres (半球), the authors believe. To investigate how literacy levels differed between boys and girls in the U. S. , the team at Griffith University studied data collected over three decades in the National Assessment of Educational Progress. This database of test 29 on over 3.9 million students in the fourth, eighth and twelfth grades 30 national and state performances in a range of subjects, and considered such variables such as disabilities or whether children were English learners. Reading and writing was 31 according to children’s understanding of a range of different passages and genres, for instance reports, poetry and essays. Overall, girls were found to perform 32 better in reading and writing tests by the fourth grade when compared with boys of the same age. As children progressed to eighth and twelfth grades, girls continued to overtake boys, but the difference was more pronounced in writing than reading. But what caused this difference in abilities? Evidence suggests 33 problems, such as being disruptive in class or being aggressive could be linked to neurological conditions, the authors wrote. What is known as lateralization (偏侧化), or the 34 for some functions to occur on one side of the brain, could also play a role. Boys are believed to use one hemisphere when reading or writing, while girls appear to use both. The data did not, however, 35 evidence to argue in favor of the two genders having different learning styles. 21．A．exception B．model C．representative D．principle 22．A．factor B．standard C．pattern D．level 23．A．scenery B．scene C．look D．view 24．A．activity B．belief C．behavior D．education 25．A．relation B．link C．gap D．record 26．A．reducing B．increasing C．accepting D．promoting 27．A．advantages B．actions C．comforts D．difficulties 28．A．weak B．slight C．tender D．soft 29．A．becomes B．illustrates C．appears D．scores 30．A．broke down B．wrote down C．sat down D．went down 31．A．gathered B．ignored C．measured D．designed 32．A．highly B．significantly C．severely D．crucially 33．A．traditional B．educational C．cultural D．behavioral 34．A．tendency B．strength C．quality D．ability 35．A．attack B．provide C．trap D．suspend Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The summer I turned 40, I started running — not in an athletic or disciplined way, but desperately, almost breathlessly. I was struggling with anxiety after giving birth to our second child. My mind felt like a room with 100 voices, all of them screaming. I couldn’t quiet the panic. A doctor suggested that instead of trying to calm my thoughts, I should try to connect with my body. “Start small,” she said, “Just move.” So, I put on an old pair of sports shoes. My goal was to run to the end of my street — just one mailbox down. I made it, but my lungs burned and my legs shook. I walked home, defeated. Yet, the next day, I tried again. And the day after that. Slowly, the mailbox turned into two mailboxes, then a lap around the block. I was slow. I was awkward. But I was moving. During those runs, I began to understand something. Running, especially when you don’t feel like it, is an act of leadership over your own soul. You are both the president and the citizen of your body. The part of you that wants to quit, to go home, to collapse on the sofa, is the tired citizen. The part of you that says, “Just one more step,” “Just to that tree,” is the president — the one who must decide for the good of the whole, who must carry the weight of the effort even when it’s hard. My anxiety had made me a passive passenger in my own life. Running taught me how to show up and lead. It was on a run, about three months in, struggling up a hill, that a clear thought broke through the mental noise: “I am doing something hard, and I am okay.” My body, which had felt like the root of my failure (too tired, too weak, too anxious), became the root of my strength. I never ran a marathon. My pace never got impressively fast. But I learned to run like a president: to make the hard choice to move forward when every fiber wants to stop; . 36．What is the best title for this passage? A．Silencing the 100 Voices B．From Mailboxes to Marathons C．Running as the President of Your Own Life D．The Restorative Power of a Doctor’s Advice 37．Why did the writer start running? A．To deal with her hearing problem. B．To manage anxiety through movement. C．To counter the panic about aging after 40. D．To create personal space in a crowded world. 38．The sentence “Running taught me how to show up and lead.” in paragraph 5 indicates that ______. A．I figured out how to show up on the running track B．running taught me to let the body naturally lead the soul C．I discovered how to take control of my life through running D．running helped me stop being passive and start leading others 39．Which of the following best fits in the blank in the last paragraph? A．to claim my presence in a distant world — to feel real again B．to keep going even when I can’t run fast — to lead a slow life C．to meet the part of myself I run away from — the imperfect part D．to bear the discomfort for a greater good — the good of my own life (B) 15 TH OCT 2023 CULTUREGazelle Twin, a composer, producer, and musician, opens up about being a conceptual artist and establishing a unique identity ahead of the release of her new album (专辑), Black Dog. Q: Would you describe your music as conceptual? A: Conceptual is a good term. I don’t make music just for the sake of making music. My records are inspired by themes I spend much time learning about the theme before writing, then design the album structure. For example, Black Dog was originally about ghosts, but finally focuses on my childhood, adulthood, parenthood, and the anxiety and fear along the way. Q: Throughout the album, there is a sense of an observer. Is that person yourself, or another presence? A: Both. There is the voice of my own depression and anxiety, and this other person comes from inside me, a quiet observer that always exists within. It’s like having a constant inner watcher that notices those uncomfortable feelings — the fear, the vulnerability (脆弱), especially as a woman in the world. For example, when I walk alone at night, I may feel unsafe and become watchful. We have to build protective instincts around ourselves. Q: When you started out, did you have any idea of the kind of artist you wanted to be? A: I didn’t want to fit a fixed style or be restricted by being female. I wanted flexibility and to think beyond my personal ability. Q: What would be your advice to anyone with ambitions to become a musician? A: Follow your instincts. Put yourself out there without pressure to be “perfect”. Absorb, experiment, and embrace the unknown journey. Success needs a team and time — you must love it and stick to it long-term. 40．Why is Gazelle Twin’s music conceptual? A．Her records are usually about ghosts. B．The album’s structure is a top priority. C．The word “conceptual” itself is attractive. D．Her music is highly motivated by themes. 41．In the second part of the interview, “this other person” most likely represents ________. A．a ghost from her childhood B．a friend who always walks with her C．her inner self-awareness D．her spiritual growth 42．Which of the following can be inferred from Gazelle Twin’s response in the interview? A．She owes success to passion and patience. B．Her future planning relies heavily on the team. C．Black Dog has already become a hit album worldwide. D．She expresses willingness to help the potential musicians. (C) We’ve all heard about techniques to get us more physically active — take the stairs, park the car a bit further from your destination, get up and march in place for a minute or two when standing or sitting at a desk. Now a study finds even simple housework may make a difference in brain health in our 70s and 80s. “Exercise is an inexpensive way to improve health. Our study shows it may have a protective effect on the brain,” says Dr. Aron S. Buchman with Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, who led the study. Previous research found just 45 minutes of walking three days a week actually increased brain volume among individuals 65 and older. The new study, published in an online issue of Neurology, is unique. Buchman was able to analyze the actual brains of study participants. The findings are a “great thank you” to the participants who agreed to donate their brains for research after death, he says. The study looked at 454 older adults who were 70 or older when the research began. Of those adults, 191 had behavioral signs of dementia (痴呆) and 263 did not. In the research that was done in the final years of their lives, each participant wore an activity monitor called an accelerometer. It measured those participants’ physical activity around the clock — everything from walking around the house to exercise routines. Researchers collected and evaluated ten days of movement data for each participant and calculated an average daily activity score. The findings show that higher levels of daily movement were linked to better thinking and memory skills. And when Buchman analyzed brain tissue under a microscope, this finding turned out to be the case even for individuals with at least three signs of Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症). Even though these individuals might have been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, 30 percent of them had “normal” cognition at death, says Buchman. Why one person shows signs of dementia and another, who has similar degenerative (退行性的) changes in the brain, does not, is a mystery. But Buchman says the new findings suggest that physical activity may be protective, even while developing Alzheimer’s. It sort of masks the symptoms, he says. It suggests that you can have some control over your brain health even if you don’t have control over developing Alzheimer’s. And, while intense activity and exercise is highly beneficial, light activity can make a difference as well, says Buchman. “As long as you have some activity and you’re moving, whether you’re chopping onions or sweeping the floor,” you can reduce your risk of cognitive decline. 43．What makes the new study unique compared to previous research? A．It involves a larger number of participants than earlier studies. B．It proves that intense exercise is more effective than light activity. C．It discovers that housework is the best form of exercise for the elderly. D．It allows researchers to examine participants’ actual brain tissue after death. 44．According to the study, what is the effect of light physical activity on individuals with Alzheimer’s disease? A．It completely cures the disease. B．It has no significant impact on brain health. C．It slows down the progression of the Alzheimer’s disease. D．It may cover up symptoms and reduce the cognitive decline. 45．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage? A．The Cure for Alzheimer’s: A New Medical Breakthrough B．Why Housework Is Better Than Gym Exercise for Seniors C．Physical Activity: A Protective Barrier Against Brain Aging D．The Mystery of Dementia: Why Some People Are Immune 46．What is Dr. Buchman’s attitude towards the study’s findings? A．Appreciative and cautiously optimistic. B．Indifferent to the participants’ contributions. C．Pessimistic about their practical application. D．Suspicious of the link between exercise and brain health. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Twilight of the Brands It’s a truism of business-book thinking that a company’s brand is its “most important asset,” more valuable than technology or patents or manufacturing prowess. But brands have never been more fragile. The reason is simple: consumers are supremely well informed and far more likely to investigate the real value of products than to rely on logos. Absolute Value, a new book by Itamar Simonson and Emanuel Rosen, shows that, historically, the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment. 47 If a car was made by G.M., or a ketchup by Heinz, you assumed that it was pretty good. It was hard to figure out if a new product from an unfamiliar company was reliable or not, so brand loyalty was a way of reducing risk. Today, consumers can read much research about whatever they want to buy. This started back with Consumer Reports, which did objective studies of products. 48 It has given ordinary consumers easy access to expert reviews, user reviews, and detailed product data, in an array of categories. A recent study found that eighty per cent of consumers look at online reviews before making major purchases, and a host of studies have logged the strong influence those reviews have on the decisions people make. 49 An undesirable product can become a laughingstock (笑柄) in a matter of hours. In the old days, you might buy a Sony television set because you’d owned one before, or because you trusted the brand. Today, such considerations matter much less than reviews on Amazon and Engadget and CNET. As Simonson said, “each product now has to prove itself on its own. ” It’s been argued that in a world where consumers are overwhelmed with information, the information will actually make brands more valuable. Indeed, the role a brand plays in people’s lives has become all the more important. But information overload is largely a myth. 50 And this has made customer loyalty pretty much a thing of the past. Only twenty-five per cent of American respondents in a recent study said that brand loyalty affected how they shopped. A．But what’s really weakened the power of brands is the Internet. B．For consumers this is ideal: heightened competition has raised quality and held down prices. C．When consumers had to rely on advertisements and their past experience with a company, brands served as a guarantee for quality. D．A large quantity of consumers fail to get a great deal of information efficiently and effectively. E．The rise of social media has sped up the trend to an astonishing degree. F．Most consumers figure out how to find what they’re looking for without spending huge amounts of time online. IV. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Yoga, meditation may help reduce childhood anxiety Anxiety disorders affect more than one in four adolescents from the ages of 13 to 18, and many of them are treated with medications to try and help them live a relatively healthy childhood. But a team of researchers from the University of Cincinnati set out to explore other treatment options that focus more on the mind and less on pharmaceutical(药物的) solutions. Their study, published in the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, recruited nine participants who were diagnosed with anxiety disorders between 9 and 16 years of age. These conditions included generalized, social and separation anxiety disorder as well as having a parent with anxiety disorder. Over the course of 12 weeks, each participant underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans while they practiced mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, a wide range of therapeutic techniques that include meditation, yoga, and learning how to pay nonjudgmental attention to one’s life. “These integrative approaches expand traditional treatments and offer new strategies for coping with psychological distress,”said the study’s co-author Sian Cotton, director of the UC’s Center for Integrative Health and Wellness, in a statement. Mindfulness-based therapeutic interventions promote the use of meditative practices to increase present-moment awareness of conscious thoughts, feelings, and body sensations in an effort to manage negative experiences more effectively. Cotton noted the anxiety of their patients was significantly reduced following treatment, and the more mindfulness they practiced, the less anxious they felt. Both findings reaffirm the potential that mindfulness therapy could bring to the table. If nothing else, it might allow people who would be reluctant to take medication more treatments to choose from. “Increasingly, patients and families are asking for additional therapeutic options, in addition to traditional medication-based treatments, that have proven effectiveness for improved symptom reduction. Mindfulness-based therapies for mood disorders is one such example with promising evidence,”said Cotton, adding the university is both studying and implementing these therapies. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．这个培训项目是为帮助初学者学习编程而量身定制的。 (tailor) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53．本次展览聚焦多元文化，尽显不同文明的独特魅力。（feature）   ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54．不管你选择实木沙发还是皮革沙发，一定要确保沙发足够大，能坐得下我们八个人。(enough) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55．食客们都夸面包师技艺高超，软糯香甜的点心入口即化，给人满满的幸福感。(compliment) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing （25分） Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李明，看到学校英文报上的 TROUBLESHOOTER (“排忧解难”) 专栏 Lynn 发的一封信，你通过该英文报回复 Lynn，给她提供建议，帮助她改变父母的想法。你的信必须包括： 1.你的建议； 2.你的理由。 Dear TROUBLESHOOTER, I’m a high school student who has a passion for photography. I’ve been saving up to buy my dream camera, but my parents insist that it’s a waste of time and money, and that I should focus entirely on my studies. They don’t understand why photography matters to me. How can I change their mind? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Lynn 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【灿烂六月 · 高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷08） （笔试部分：115分） I.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. During a visit to Beijing many years ago, I had lunch with three PhD students in the Chinese Department at Peking University, all native speakers of Chinese. As I had caught a cold, I tried to write a short note to cancel an afternoon appointment, but suddenly found that I 1 not remember how to write the Chinese characters for the word “sneeze”. I asked my three friends to write it for me. To my surprise, 2 of them could do so correctly. Since Peking University is often regarded as the “Harvard of China”, the incident was striking. It is difficult to imagine three Harvard PhD students in English literature 3 (forget) how to write the English word “sneeze”. This was my first direct encounter with   4 is now widely known in China as “character amnesia”: even highly educated people are forgetting how to write common Chinese characters by hand. By the turn of the twenty-first century, the spread of the internet and the rise of a digitised information environment brought major changes to the use of Chinese characters. 5 the exponential growth of computer memory, Chinese word processing became increasingly routine and convenient. The standard QWERTY keyboard could support not only Pinyin input but also various other entry systems, enabling Chinese characters, 6 alphabetic writing, to function easily in cyberspace. Almost overnight, Chinese users adopted smartphones and tablets, relying on Pinyin input, and speech-to-text technology. Yet these advances have produced a distinctive problem: nowadays people 7 (lose) the ability to write characters by hand. Certainly, such lapses are not entirely new. Chinese has long had the expression tibiwangzi — “lift the pen, forget the character” — 8 (describe) this tendency. However, the digitally intensified version is more serious than occasionally forgetting a rare or complex character. Even highly literate people now fail to write characters in very ordinary words such as “kitchen”, “lips”, “cough”, and “broom”. 9 there have been few rigorous empirical studies, informal surveys by China Daily suggest that about 80% of respondents experience character amnesia in daily life. Some research has been launched to explore the causes, though the data remain difficult to evaluate 10 occupations and disciplines. 【答案】 1．could 2．none 3．forgetting 4．what 5．With 6．like 7．are losing/have lost 8．to describe 9．Although/Though/While 10．across 【导语】文章介绍随着网络与数码设备普及、拼音输入盛行，国人出现提笔忘字的现象，分析了成因、现状及相关调查情况。 1．考查情态动词。句意：由于我感冒了，我打算写一张便条取消下午的约会，却突然发现自己想不起“喷嚏”这个词的汉字该怎么写。根据主句谓语found可知，此处描述过去发现的情况，表过去“不能够”记得，用一般过去时，情态动词can用过去式could。 2．考查代词。句意：令我惊讶的是，他们三个人没有一个能正确写出这个字。前文提到三个朋友，none指代三者及以上“都不”，none of them符合“三个都没能正确写出来”的语境。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：很难想象哈佛大学三名英国文学专业的博士生会忘记“喷嚏”这个英文单词怎么拼写。固定搭配imagine (sb.) doing sth.，意为“想象某人做某事”，用forget的动名词形式forgetting，作宾语。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：这是我第一次直接接触到如今在中国广为人知的所谓“汉字失忆症”：即使是受过高等教育的人也越来越忘记如何手写常见的汉字。with后接宾语从句，从句缺主语，指代“如今被称为‘汉字失忆症’的现象”，用连接代词what来引导。 5．考查介词。句意：随着计算机内存的指数级增长，汉字文字处理变得越来越常规且便捷。介词with表伴随，意为“随着”，句首首字母需大写。 6．考查介词。句意：标准的QWERTY键盘不仅支持拼音输入，还支持多种其他输入方式，让汉字能够像字母文字一样在网络空间顺畅使用。此处作插入语表示类比，将汉字和字母文字对比，表示“让汉字能够像字母文字一样”，介词like意为“像、如同”，符合逻辑。 7．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而这些进步也催生了一个独特的问题：如今人们正在逐渐丧失手写汉字的能力。空处作谓语，时间状语为nowadays，表现阶段正在持续发生的状态，用现在进行时，主语people为复数，系动词用are；“人们失去手写能力”是数字化发展带来的结果，也可用现在完成时。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：汉语中早就有“提笔忘字”这一说法，用来描述这种现象。句子已有谓语has had，空处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。 9．考查状语从句。句意：虽然严谨的实证研究寥寥无几，但《中国日报》的非正式调查显示，约八成受访者在日常生活中都有汉字失忆症的经历。空处引导让步状语从句，用although/though/while，意为“尽管”，句首首字母需大写。 10．考查介词。句意：已有相关研究着手探究其成因，但这些数据仍难以跨职业、跨学科进行评估。介词across表示“跨（不同领域）”，此处指“数据跨不同职业、学科很难评估”。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address     B．yield     C． marked     D．initially     E. potential     F. produce G. intense     H. sound     I. feature     J. harbored     K. virtually The Rise of Urban Vertical Gardening For many years, city centers have been seen as “concrete jungles,” where tall buildings covered the sky and nature was limited to small parks far away. However, by early 2026, the global urban planning plan is rapidly changing this story to fight the worsening climate problems. The landscape of modern cities is currently undergoing a(n) 11 change as scientists and architects work together to reduce the urban heat effect, a problem that has long troubled people living in big cities with very hot summer temperatures. This shift shows a change from treating green plants as simple decorations to making them a working part of building design. In many modern districts, the plain grey concrete that once covered rooftops has 12 disappeared, replaced by green vertical farms that grow on the sides of glass buildings. These gardens 13 multiple ecological roles, serving not only to provide a local source of food but also to collect used water and significantly lower the surrounding temperatures. They effectively work as a “living skin” for the city, absorbing sunlight and reducing the 14 heat trapped in narrow streets, creating a cooler and more comfortable urban environment. In the early stages of development, many urban planners and experts 15 doubts about the high costs and technical problems that these green structures were intended to 16 . People worried whether the watering systems could work well in extreme weather or if the added weight of wet soil would damage the foundations of old buildings. However, clear data collected over the past year has shown that these vertical gardens are far more 17 than people expected. They have proven to be very strong, providing a high 18 of organic food even during periods of unexpected dry weather or transport problems. The 19 for reducing a city’s carbon footprint through this method is great, especially when used with clean energy. Besides storing carbon, these green areas help birds and insects find a home in the city. Despite the great benefits of having high-quality 20 grown just a few floors away, some developers still don’t want to make the change because they are worried about money in the short term. Nevertheless, experts argue that functional green space must be treated as a necessity rather than a luxury. 【答案】 11．C 12．K 13．I 14．G 15．J 16．A 17．H 18．B 19．E 20．F 【导语】文章主要介绍了城市垂直园艺的兴起，讲述了垂直绿植农场给城市环境带来的改变、人们对此项目曾经的担忧以及它在低碳环保、粮食供给等方面的巨大潜力。 11．考查形容词。句意：随着科学家与建筑师携手缓解城市热岛效应这一长期困扰大城市居民夏季高温生活的难题，现代城市风貌正经历着显著的变化。空处修饰名词change，应用形容词，结合 as scientists and architects work together to reduce the urban heat effect可知，城市发生了显著的变化，marked表示“显著的，明显的”符合题意。 12．考查副词。句意：在很多现代化区域，曾经铺满屋顶的灰色水泥几乎已经消失，取而代之的是玻璃建筑外墙生长的绿色垂直农场。空处修饰动词disappeared，应用副词，结合replaced by green vertical farms that grow on the sides of glass buildings.可知，灰色的水泥几乎消失了，virtually表示“几乎，差不多”符合语境。 13．考查动词。句意：这些花园具备多重生态功能，不仅可以提供本地食物来源，还能收集废水并显著降低周边温度。空处作谓语，结合multiple ecological roles可知，花园具备多种功能，feature表示“具有，具备（特征、功能）”，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语gardens是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 14．考查形容词。句意：它们如同城市的一层“鲜活外衣”，吸收阳光、散去狭窄街道积聚的酷热，打造出更加凉爽舒适的城市环境。空处修饰名词heat，应用形容词，结合trapped in narrow streets可知，狭窄的街道非常热，intense表示“强烈的，酷热的”符合语境。 15．考查动词。句意：在发展初期，许多城市规划者和专家都心存疑虑，担忧这些绿色建筑想要解决的成本与技术难题。空处作谓语，harbor doubts为固定搭配，表示“心存疑虑”，结合上文 In the early stages of development可知，句子陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，harbor用过去式harbored。 16．考查动词。句意：在发展初期，许多城市规划者和专家都心存疑虑，担忧这些绿色建筑想要解决的成本与技术难题。be intended to后接动词原形，结合problems可知，此处指解决问题，address表示“解决”符合语境。 17．考查形容词。句意：然而一年的数据表明，垂直花园比人们预想的更加稳固可靠。空处作表语，结合下文 They have proven to be very strong可知，垂直花园比人们预想的要稳固，sound表示“安全的，稳固的，可靠的”符合语境。 18．考查名词。句意：它们十分坚固，即使干旱或运输受阻也能产出高产量有机食材。空处作宾语，结合organic food even during periods of unexpected dry weather or transport problems可知，此处指高产量，名词yield“产量”符合，a high yield of为固定搭配，表示“……的高产量”。 19．考查名词。句意：用这种方式降低城市碳足迹的潜力十分巨大，尤其是使用这些清洁能源。空处在句中作主语，potential表示“潜力，可能性”，符合语境。 20．考查名词。句意：尽管足不出楼就能收获优质农产品益处良多，部分开发商由于担心短期的金钱仍不愿做出改变。空处作宾语，结合上文organic food和垂直农场的背景可知，此处指农产品，produce“农产品”符合，为不可数名词。 II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Girls are better at reading and writing than boys as early as the fourth grade, according to a study, and the gap continues to widen until senior year. Scientists generally agree that boys and girls are psychologically more alike than they are different. But reading seems to be a(n) 21 , with growing evidence suggesting a similar 22 in writing. The study, published in the journal American Psychologist, provided further evidence to support this 23 . David Reilly, lead author of the study and a doctoral student at Griffith University in Queensland, Australia, said the study questioned the commonly held 24 that boys and girls start grade school with the same cognitive abilities. “It appears that the gender 25 for writing tasks has been greatly underestimated, and that despite our best efforts with changes in teaching methods does not appear to be 26 over time,” he said. Factors explaining the results could include learning 27 being more prevalent among boys; the pressure to conform to masculine ideals and the idea of reading and language being feminine; and 28 differences in how boys and girls use their brain hemispheres (半球), the authors believe. To investigate how literacy levels differed between boys and girls in the U. S. , the team at Griffith University studied data collected over three decades in the National Assessment of Educational Progress. This database of test 29 on over 3.9 million students in the fourth, eighth and twelfth grades 30 national and state performances in a range of subjects, and considered such variables such as disabilities or whether children were English learners. Reading and writing was 31 according to children’s understanding of a range of different passages and genres, for instance reports, poetry and essays. Overall, girls were found to perform 32 better in reading and writing tests by the fourth grade when compared with boys of the same age. As children progressed to eighth and twelfth grades, girls continued to overtake boys, but the difference was more pronounced in writing than reading. But what caused this difference in abilities? Evidence suggests 33 problems, such as being disruptive in class or being aggressive could be linked to neurological conditions, the authors wrote. What is known as lateralization (偏侧化), or the 34 for some functions to occur on one side of the brain, could also play a role. Boys are believed to use one hemisphere when reading or writing, while girls appear to use both. The data did not, however, 35 evidence to argue in favor of the two genders having different learning styles. 21．A．exception B．model C．representative D．principle 22．A．factor B．standard C．pattern D．level 23．A．scenery B．scene C．look D．view 24．A．activity B．belief C．behavior D．education 25．A．relation B．link C．gap D．record 26．A．reducing B．increasing C．accepting D．promoting 27．A．advantages B．actions C．comforts D．difficulties 28．A．weak B．slight C．tender D．soft 29．A．becomes B．illustrates C．appears D．scores 30．A．broke down B．wrote down C．sat down D．went down 31．A．gathered B．ignored C．measured D．designed 32．A．highly B．significantly C．severely D．crucially 33．A．traditional B．educational C．cultural D．behavioral 34．A．tendency B．strength C．quality D．ability 35．A．attack B．provide C．trap D．suspend 【答案】 21．A 22．C 23．D 24．B 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．D 30．A 31．C 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．B 【导语】文章通过多年大数据研究，指出女生读写能力自小学四年级起普遍优于男生且差距不断拉大，并从学习、心理、大脑差异等角度分析背后成因。 21．考查名词。句意：但阅读似乎是个例外，越来越多的证据表明，写作方面也存在类似情况。A. exception例外；B. model模型；C. representative代表；D. principle原则。根据上文“Scientists generally agree that boys and girls are psychologically more alike than they are different.”可知，科学家普遍认同男孩女孩心理上相似远多于差异，but转折后说明此处要表达的是男孩与女孩不相似的方面，也就是说阅读是一个例外。 22．考查名词。句意：但阅读似乎是个例外，越来越多的证据表明，写作方面也存在类似情况。A. factor因素；B. standard标准；C. pattern模式；D. level水平。根据上文“Girls are better at reading and writing than boys as early as the fourth grade, according to a study, and the gap continues to widen until senior year.”可知，研究表明“女生的读写能力优于男生”，因此此处表达的是写作和阅读一样也存在类似的差异模式。 23．考查名词。句意：这篇发表于《美国心理学家》期刊的研究，进一步佐证了该观点。A. scenery风景；B. scene场景；C. look外表；D. view观点。根据上文“But reading seems to be a(n) ____ , with growing evidence suggesting a similar ____ in writing. ”可知，这项研究提供了更多证据来支持这个前文提到的观点。 24．考查名词。句意：澳大利亚昆士兰州格里菲斯大学的博士生、该研究第一作者戴维・赖利表示，这项研究质疑了人们的普遍认知：男孩与女孩刚入学时拥有同等认知能力。A. activity活动；B. belief信念；C. behavior行为；D. education教育。根据空后的“that boys and girls start grade school with the same cognitive abilities.”可知，此处指研究质疑了人们普遍持有的看法：男孩女孩刚上小学时认知能力相同，commonly held belief是常用搭配，表“普遍认同的观点”。 25．考查名词。句意：他表示：“写作方面的性别差距一直被严重低估，即便我们不断调整教学方式，这一差距也并未随时间缩小。” A. relation关系；B. link联系；C. gap差距；D. record记录。文章首句“Girls are better at reading and writing than boys as early as the fourth grade, according to a study, and the gap continues to widen until senior year.”就提到读写能力的性别差距会持续扩大，此处为原词复现：写作的性别差距一直被严重低估。 26．考查动词。句意：他表示：“写作方面的性别差距一直被严重低估，即便我们不断调整教学方式，这一差距也并未随时间缩小。” A. reducing减少；B. increasing增加；C. accepting接受；D. promoting提升。根据“despite”以及句意可知，此处要表达的是尽管我们调整教学方法做出了很多努力，但是差距并没有缩小。 27．考查名词。句意：研究作者认为，造成该差异的原因有：男生群体学习困难问题更为普遍；迫于社会观念要符合男性刻板形象，且阅读与语言学习常被贴上女性化标签；以及男女大脑半球运作方式存在细微差别。A. advantages优势；B. actions行动；C. comforts安慰；D. difficulties困难。根据空前的“Factors explaining the results could include learning”可知，此处在分析男孩表现更差的原因之一是：男孩群体中学习困难更普遍，learning difficulties是固定搭配“学习困难”。 28．考查形容词。句意：研究作者认为，造成该差异的原因有：男生群体学习困难问题更为普遍；迫于社会观念要符合男性刻板形象，且阅读与语言学习常被贴上女性化标签；以及男女大脑半球运作方式存在细微差别。A. weak虚弱的；B. slight轻微的；C. tender温柔的；D. soft柔软的。根据空后的“differences in how boys and girls use their brain hemispheres”可知，此处指的是第三个因素：男孩女孩使用脑半球存在轻微的生理差异，slight修饰differences符合语境。 29．考查动词和名词。句意：这份收录390多万四、八、十二年级学生考试成绩的数据库，分类统计了全国及各州多门学科的学业表现，同时考量了残疾、是否为英语学习者等变量。A. becomes成为；B. illustrates说明；C. appears似乎；D. scores得分，分数。根据空前的“This database of test”及空后的“on over 3.9 million students in the fourth, eighth and twelfth grades”可知，此处表示这个数据库收录了390多万名学生的考试分数，test scores表“考试分数”。 30．考查动词短语。句意：这份收录390多万四、八、十二年级学生考试成绩的数据库，分类统计了全国及各州多门学科的学业表现，同时考量了残疾、是否为英语学习者等变量。A. broke down分解；B. wrote down写下；C. sat down坐下；D. went down下降。根据空后的“national and state performances in a range of subjects, and considered such variables such as disabilities or whether children were English learners.”可知，此处指数据库会把成绩按全国、各州的不同科目表现分类统计，break down表“拆解分类”，符合语境，其他短语语义不通。 31．考查动词。句意：读写水平依据学生对报告、诗歌、散文等不同文体与篇章的理解程度测评。A. gathered收集；B. ignored忽视；C. measured测量；D. designed设计。根据空后“according to children’s understanding of a range of different passages and genres”可知，此处指读写能力是根据学生对不同文体的理解来衡量的，符合研究测评的语境。 32．考查副词。句意：总体来看，四年级女生在读写测试中的表现明显优于同龄男生。A. highly高度地；B. significantly显著地；C. severely严重地；D. crucially至关重要地。根据文章首句“Girls are better at reading and writing than boys as early as the fourth grade, according to a study, and the gap continues to widen until senior year.”可知，此处指研究发现到四年级时，女孩的表现显著优于同龄男孩，significantly表“显著地”修饰比较级better，符合语境。 33．考查形容词。句意：研究作者写道，有证据表明，课堂捣乱、性格冲动等行为问题，可能与神经系统状况相关。A. traditional传统的；B. educational教育的；C. cultural文化的；D. behavioral行为的。根据后文的举例“such as being disruptive in class or being aggressive”可知，“课堂捣乱、好斗”都属于行为问题。 34．考查名词。句意：大脑功能偏侧化，即部分生理功能集中在大脑单侧运作的特性，也会产生影响。A. tendency倾向；B. strength力量；C. quality质量；D. ability能力。根据后文的“Boys are believed to use one hemisphere when reading or writing, while girls appear to use both.”可知，男生在读写时多使用单侧大脑，偏侧化就是“某些大脑功能偏侧于一侧的倾向”，tendency表“倾向”，符合定义。 35．考查动词。句意：不过，该研究数据并未提供有效依据，来证实男女存在不同的学习方式。A. attack攻击；B. provide提供；C. trap困住；D. suspend暂停。结合空后的“the two genders having different learning styles.”及全文可知，文章只是客观介绍了男孩和女孩在读写能力方面的差异，但是数据并没有提供证据支持“男女有不同学习风格”的说法，provide evidence是固定搭配“提供证据”，符合语境。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The summer I turned 40, I started running — not in an athletic or disciplined way, but desperately, almost breathlessly. I was struggling with anxiety after giving birth to our second child. My mind felt like a room with 100 voices, all of them screaming. I couldn’t quiet the panic. A doctor suggested that instead of trying to calm my thoughts, I should try to connect with my body. “Start small,” she said, “Just move.” So, I put on an old pair of sports shoes. My goal was to run to the end of my street — just one mailbox down. I made it, but my lungs burned and my legs shook. I walked home, defeated. Yet, the next day, I tried again. And the day after that. Slowly, the mailbox turned into two mailboxes, then a lap around the block. I was slow. I was awkward. But I was moving. During those runs, I began to understand something. Running, especially when you don’t feel like it, is an act of leadership over your own soul. You are both the president and the citizen of your body. The part of you that wants to quit, to go home, to collapse on the sofa, is the tired citizen. The part of you that says, “Just one more step,” “Just to that tree,” is the president — the one who must decide for the good of the whole, who must carry the weight of the effort even when it’s hard. My anxiety had made me a passive passenger in my own life. Running taught me how to show up and lead. It was on a run, about three months in, struggling up a hill, that a clear thought broke through the mental noise: “I am doing something hard, and I am okay.” My body, which had felt like the root of my failure (too tired, too weak, too anxious), became the root of my strength. I never ran a marathon. My pace never got impressively fast. But I learned to run like a president: to make the hard choice to move forward when every fiber wants to stop; . 36．What is the best title for this passage? A．Silencing the 100 Voices B．From Mailboxes to Marathons C．Running as the President of Your Own Life D．The Restorative Power of a Doctor’s Advice 37．Why did the writer start running? A．To deal with her hearing problem. B．To manage anxiety through movement. C．To counter the panic about aging after 40. D．To create personal space in a crowded world. 38．The sentence “Running taught me how to show up and lead.” in paragraph 5 indicates that ______. A．I figured out how to show up on the running track B．running taught me to let the body naturally lead the soul C．I discovered how to take control of my life through running D．running helped me stop being passive and start leading others 39．Which of the following best fits in the blank in the last paragraph? A．to claim my presence in a distant world — to feel real again B．to keep going even when I can’t run fast — to lead a slow life C．to meet the part of myself I run away from — the imperfect part D．to bear the discomfort for a greater good — the good of my own life 【答案】36．C 37．B 38．C 39．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者产后因焦虑开始跑步，在这一过程中不仅身体逐渐恢复，更学会了掌控自己的生活与灵魂。 36．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第四段中“Running, especially when you don’t feel like it, is an act of leadership over your own soul. (跑步，尤其是在你不想跑的时候，是一种掌控自己灵魂的行为)”，第五段中“Running taught me how to show up and lead. (跑步教会了我如何出现并引领)”可知，文章讲述了作者产后因焦虑开始跑步，在这一过程中不仅身体逐渐恢复，更学会了掌控自己的生活与灵魂。全文围绕跑步带来的这种“掌控自我”的感悟展开。选项 C“Running as the President of Your Own Life (作为自己生命的主宰去跑步)”精准概括了文章主旨，可以作为本文标题。故选C项。 37．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I was struggling with anxiety after giving birth to our second child. My mind felt like a room with 100 voices, all of them screaming. I couldn’t quiet the panic. A doctor suggested that instead of trying to calm my thoughts, I should try to connect with my body. (生完第二个孩子后，我一直被焦虑所困扰。我的大脑就像一个满是100种声音的房间，所有声音都在尖叫。我无法平息这种惊恐。一位医生建议我，与其试图平复思绪，不如试着与身体建立连接)”可知，作者开始跑步是为了通过运动来应对产后焦虑，即通过与身体连接来管理情绪。故选B项。 38．词句猜测题。根据第五段前文“My anxiety had made me a passive passenger in my own life. (焦虑让我在自己的生活中成为一个被动的乘客)”以及后文“I am doing something hard, and I am okay. (我正在做一件难事，而且我很好)”可知，跑步让作者从被动的生活状态转变为主动掌控的状态。划线句表明跑步教会了作者如何掌控自己的生活。故选C项。 39．推理判断题。根据第四段“The part of you that says, “Just one more step,” “Just to that tree,” is the president — the one who must decide for the good of the whole, who must carry the weight of the effort even when it’s hard. (那个说“再多走一步”“就到那棵树为止”的部分是主宰 —— 它必须为了整体的利益做决定，即使很难，也必须承担努力的重负)”可知，作者将跑步中坚持的行为定义为为了整体利益（即自己的人生）而承受不适。最后一段是对这一感悟的总结，选项 D“to bear the discomfort for a greater good — the good of my own life (为了更大的利益 —— 自己人生的利益，去承受不适)”与前文逻辑一致，点明了跑步的深层意义。故选D项。 (B) 15 TH OCT 2023 CULTUREGazelle Twin, a composer, producer, and musician, opens up about being a conceptual artist and establishing a unique identity ahead of the release of her new album (专辑), Black Dog. Q: Would you describe your music as conceptual? A: Conceptual is a good term. I don’t make music just for the sake of making music. My records are inspired by themes I spend much time learning about the theme before writing, then design the album structure. For example, Black Dog was originally about ghosts, but finally focuses on my childhood, adulthood, parenthood, and the anxiety and fear along the way. Q: Throughout the album, there is a sense of an observer. Is that person yourself, or another presence? A: Both. There is the voice of my own depression and anxiety, and this other person comes from inside me, a quiet observer that always exists within. It’s like having a constant inner watcher that notices those uncomfortable feelings — the fear, the vulnerability (脆弱), especially as a woman in the world. For example, when I walk alone at night, I may feel unsafe and become watchful. We have to build protective instincts around ourselves. Q: When you started out, did you have any idea of the kind of artist you wanted to be? A: I didn’t want to fit a fixed style or be restricted by being female. I wanted flexibility and to think beyond my personal ability. Q: What would be your advice to anyone with ambitions to become a musician? A: Follow your instincts. Put yourself out there without pressure to be “perfect”. Absorb, experiment, and embrace the unknown journey. Success needs a team and time — you must love it and stick to it long-term. 40．Why is Gazelle Twin’s music conceptual? A．Her records are usually about ghosts. B．The album’s structure is a top priority. C．The word “conceptual” itself is attractive. D．Her music is highly motivated by themes. 41．In the second part of the interview, “this other person” most likely represents ________. A．a ghost from her childhood B．a friend who always walks with her C．her inner self-awareness D．her spiritual growth 42．Which of the following can be inferred from Gazelle Twin’s response in the interview? A．She owes success to passion and patience. B．Her future planning relies heavily on the team. C．Black Dog has already become a hit album worldwide. D．She expresses willingness to help the potential musicians. 【答案】40．D 41．C 42．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了Gazelle Twin接受访谈，谈及音乐理念等内容。 40．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“I don’t make music just for the sake of making music. My records are inspired by themes I spend much time learning about the theme before writing, then design the album structure.(我创作音乐并非只是为了创作而创作。我的音乐作品都是基于我深入研究的主题而产生的。在创作之前，我会花大量时间去了解这些主题，然后设计专辑的结构)”可知，Gazelle Twin的音乐是概念性的，因为她的音乐受主题启发，高度受主题驱动。 41．词句猜测题。根据原文第三段“There is the voice of my own depression and anxiety, and this other person comes from inside me, a quiet observer that always exists within. It’s like having a constant inner watcher that notices those uncomfortable feelings — the fear, the vulnerability (脆弱), especially as a woman in the world.(我的内心深处有着抑郁和焦虑的声音，而这个另一个人则源自我的内心深处——一个始终存在的安静观察者。就好像拥有一颗持续运转的内在看守者，能够察觉那些不舒适的感觉——恐惧、脆弱，尤其是作为一个身处这个世界中的女性时所感受到的脆弱)”可知，在采访的第二部分中，“这个另一个人”很可能代表她内心的自我意识。 42．推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“Success needs a team and time — you must love it and stick to it long-term.(成功需要一个团队和时间——你必须热爱它并长期坚持下去)”可知，从Gazelle Twin在采访中的回答可以推断出，她将成功归功于热情和耐心。 (C) We’ve all heard about techniques to get us more physically active — take the stairs, park the car a bit further from your destination, get up and march in place for a minute or two when standing or sitting at a desk. Now a study finds even simple housework may make a difference in brain health in our 70s and 80s. “Exercise is an inexpensive way to improve health. Our study shows it may have a protective effect on the brain,” says Dr. Aron S. Buchman with Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, who led the study. Previous research found just 45 minutes of walking three days a week actually increased brain volume among individuals 65 and older. The new study, published in an online issue of Neurology, is unique. Buchman was able to analyze the actual brains of study participants. The findings are a “great thank you” to the participants who agreed to donate their brains for research after death, he says. The study looked at 454 older adults who were 70 or older when the research began. Of those adults, 191 had behavioral signs of dementia (痴呆) and 263 did not. In the research that was done in the final years of their lives, each participant wore an activity monitor called an accelerometer. It measured those participants’ physical activity around the clock — everything from walking around the house to exercise routines. Researchers collected and evaluated ten days of movement data for each participant and calculated an average daily activity score. The findings show that higher levels of daily movement were linked to better thinking and memory skills. And when Buchman analyzed brain tissue under a microscope, this finding turned out to be the case even for individuals with at least three signs of Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症). Even though these individuals might have been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, 30 percent of them had “normal” cognition at death, says Buchman. Why one person shows signs of dementia and another, who has similar degenerative (退行性的) changes in the brain, does not, is a mystery. But Buchman says the new findings suggest that physical activity may be protective, even while developing Alzheimer’s. It sort of masks the symptoms, he says. It suggests that you can have some control over your brain health even if you don’t have control over developing Alzheimer’s. And, while intense activity and exercise is highly beneficial, light activity can make a difference as well, says Buchman. “As long as you have some activity and you’re moving, whether you’re chopping onions or sweeping the floor,” you can reduce your risk of cognitive decline. 43．What makes the new study unique compared to previous research? A．It involves a larger number of participants than earlier studies. B．It proves that intense exercise is more effective than light activity. C．It discovers that housework is the best form of exercise for the elderly. D．It allows researchers to examine participants’ actual brain tissue after death. 44．According to the study, what is the effect of light physical activity on individuals with Alzheimer’s disease? A．It completely cures the disease. B．It has no significant impact on brain health. C．It slows down the progression of the Alzheimer’s disease. D．It may cover up symptoms and reduce the cognitive decline. 45．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage? A．The Cure for Alzheimer’s: A New Medical Breakthrough B．Why Housework Is Better Than Gym Exercise for Seniors C．Physical Activity: A Protective Barrier Against Brain Aging D．The Mystery of Dementia: Why Some People Are Immune 46．What is Dr. Buchman’s attitude towards the study’s findings? A．Appreciative and cautiously optimistic. B．Indifferent to the participants’ contributions. C．Pessimistic about their practical application. D．Suspicious of the link between exercise and brain health. 【答案】43．D 44．D 45．C 46．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了研究发现日常身体活动，包括简单家务，可能对老年人大脑健康有保护作用。 43．细节理解题。根据第四段“The new study, published in an online issue of Neurology, is unique. Buchman was able to analyze the actual brains of study participants. The findings are a “great thank you” to the participants who agreed to donate their brains for research after death, he says.(这项发表在《神经病学》网络版上的新研究十分独特。Buchman得以分析研究参与者的真实大脑组织。他说，研究参与者同意去世后捐献大脑用于科研，这些研究成果也算是对他们莫大的回馈。)”可知，与先前的研究相比，新研究的独特之处在于它使研究人员能够在参与者去世后检查他们的实际脑组织。 44．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But Buchman says the new findings suggest that physical activity may be protective, even while developing Alzheimer’s. It sort of masks the symptoms, he says. It suggests that you can have some control over your brain health even if you don’t have control over developing Alzheimer’s.(但Buchman说，新的发现表明，即使在患上阿尔茨海默氏症时，身体活动也可能具有保护作用。他说，这有点像掩盖了症状。这表明，即使你无法控制患上阿尔茨海默氏症，你也可以在一定程度上控制自己的大脑健康。)”可知，根据这项研究，轻度身体活动对阿尔茨海默病患者的影响是它可能掩盖症状并减少认知能力下降。 45．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Now a study finds even simple housework may make a difference in brain health in our 70s and 80s.(现在一项研究发现，即使是简单的家务也可能对我们七八十岁时的大脑健康产生影响。)”以及最后一段“And, while intense activity and exercise is highly beneficial, light activity can make a difference as well, says Buchman. “As long as you have some activity and you’re moving, whether you’re chopping onions or sweeping the floor,” you can reduce your risk of cognitive decline.(Buchman说，虽然高强度的活动和锻炼非常有益，但轻度活动也能起到作用。“只要你进行一些活动并动起来，无论你是在切洋葱还是扫地，”你都可以降低认知能力下降的风险。)”可知，文章主要讲述了研究发现日常身体活动，包括简单家务，可能对老年人大脑健康有保护作用。因此，最合适的标题是“Physical Activity: A Protective Barrier Against Brain Aging身体活动：抵御大脑衰老的保护屏障”。 46．推理判断题。根据第四段“The findings are a “great thank you” to the participants who agreed to donate their brains for research after death, he says.(他说，这些发现是对那些同意死后捐献大脑用于研究的参与者的“衷心感谢”。)”以及最后一段“And, while intense activity and exercise is highly beneficial, light activity can make a difference as well, says Buchman. “As long as you have some activity and you’re moving, whether you’re chopping onions or sweeping the floor,” you can reduce your risk of cognitive decline.(Buchman说，虽然高强度的活动和锻炼非常有益，但轻度活动也能起到作用。“只要你进行一些活动并动起来，无论你是在切洋葱还是扫地，”你都可以降低认知能力下降的风险。)”可知，Buchman博士感谢参与者，同时谨慎提出活动的保护作用，对研究结果持感激和谨慎乐观的态度。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Twilight of the Brands It’s a truism of business-book thinking that a company’s brand is its “most important asset,” more valuable than technology or patents or manufacturing prowess. But brands have never been more fragile. The reason is simple: consumers are supremely well informed and far more likely to investigate the real value of products than to rely on logos. Absolute Value, a new book by Itamar Simonson and Emanuel Rosen, shows that, historically, the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment. 47 If a car was made by G.M., or a ketchup by Heinz, you assumed that it was pretty good. It was hard to figure out if a new product from an unfamiliar company was reliable or not, so brand loyalty was a way of reducing risk. Today, consumers can read much research about whatever they want to buy. This started back with Consumer Reports, which did objective studies of products. 48 It has given ordinary consumers easy access to expert reviews, user reviews, and detailed product data, in an array of categories. A recent study found that eighty per cent of consumers look at online reviews before making major purchases, and a host of studies have logged the strong influence those reviews have on the decisions people make. 49 An undesirable product can become a laughingstock (笑柄) in a matter of hours. In the old days, you might buy a Sony television set because you’d owned one before, or because you trusted the brand. Today, such considerations matter much less than reviews on Amazon and Engadget and CNET. As Simonson said, “each product now has to prove itself on its own. ” It’s been argued that in a world where consumers are overwhelmed with information, the information will actually make brands more valuable. Indeed, the role a brand plays in people’s lives has become all the more important. But information overload is largely a myth. 50 And this has made customer loyalty pretty much a thing of the past. Only twenty-five per cent of American respondents in a recent study said that brand loyalty affected how they shopped. A．But what’s really weakened the power of brands is the Internet. B．For consumers this is ideal: heightened competition has raised quality and held down prices. C．When consumers had to rely on advertisements and their past experience with a company, brands served as a guarantee for quality. D．A large quantity of consumers fail to get a great deal of information efficiently and effectively. E．The rise of social media has sped up the trend to an astonishing degree. F．Most consumers figure out how to find what they’re looking for without spending huge amounts of time online. 【答案】47．C 48．A 49．E 50．F 【导语】文章主要介绍了品牌影响力正在衰退，过去品牌因信息匮乏成为品质保障，而如今互联网、各类测评与社交媒体让消费者获取信息更便捷，人们不再依赖品牌，品牌忠诚度大幅下降。 47．根据前文“Absolute Value, a new book by Itamar Simonson and Emanuel Rosen, shows that, historically, the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment.(Itamar Simonson和Emanuel Rosen的新书《绝对价值》指出，从历史上来看，品牌的兴起是对信息匮乏环境的一种回应。)” 以及后文“If a car was made by G.M., or a ketchup by Heinz, you assumed that it was pretty good.(如果一辆汽车由通用汽车生产，或是番茄酱由亨氏制造，你就会认为它的品质不错。)” 可知，空前追溯品牌的兴起，空后举例说明对品牌的依赖，故空格处需说明信息闭塞年代品牌的作用；选项C“When consumers had to rely on advertisements and their past experience with a company, brands served as a guarantee for quality.(当消费者只能依靠一家公司的广告和过往消费经验时，品牌就充当了品质的保障。)” 贴合上下文逻辑。 48．根据前文“This started back with Consumer Reports, which did objective studies of products.(这一变化始于《消费者报告》，该刊物会对产品开展客观测评。)” 以及后文“It has given ordinary consumers easy access to expert reviews, user reviews, and detailed product data, in an array of categories.(它让普通消费者可以轻松获取各类产品的专业评测、用户评价和详细产品数据。)” 可知，空处需点明it的指代对象；选项A“But what’s really weakened the power of brands is the Internet.(但真正削弱品牌影响力的是互联网。)” 承接了上文的信息获取变化，又引出了下文互联网的具体作用，衔接自然。 49．根据前文“A recent study found that eighty per cent of consumers look at online reviews before making major purchases, and a host of studies have logged the strong influence those reviews have on the decisions people make.(近期一项研究发现：八成消费者在进行大额消费前都会查看线上评价，且大量研究也记录表明，这些评价对人们的消费决策有着巨大影响。)”说明消费者依赖网络评价，后文“An undesirable product can become a laughingstock in a matter of hours.(一款劣质产品短短数小时内就会沦为笑柄。)” 说明信息传播速度变得极快；选项E“The rise of social media has sped up the trend to an astonishing degree.(社交媒体的兴起将这一趋势加速到了惊人的程度。)” 衔接了上文的评价影响与下文的快速传播。 50．根据前文“But information overload is largely a myth.(但信息过载在很大程度上是一种谬论。)” 可知，消费者并不会被海量信息困扰；选项F“Most consumers figure out how to find what they’re looking for without spending huge amounts of time online.(大多数消费者都能高效找到自己需要的信息，无需花费大量上网时间。)” 解释了信息过载是谬论的原因，与前文观点保持一致，逻辑通顺。 IV. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Yoga, meditation may help reduce childhood anxiety Anxiety disorders affect more than one in four adolescents from the ages of 13 to 18, and many of them are treated with medications to try and help them live a relatively healthy childhood. But a team of researchers from the University of Cincinnati set out to explore other treatment options that focus more on the mind and less on pharmaceutical(药物的) solutions. Their study, published in the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, recruited nine participants who were diagnosed with anxiety disorders between 9 and 16 years of age. These conditions included generalized, social and separation anxiety disorder as well as having a parent with anxiety disorder. Over the course of 12 weeks, each participant underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans while they practiced mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, a wide range of therapeutic techniques that include meditation, yoga, and learning how to pay nonjudgmental attention to one’s life. “These integrative approaches expand traditional treatments and offer new strategies for coping with psychological distress,”said the study’s co-author Sian Cotton, director of the UC’s Center for Integrative Health and Wellness, in a statement. Mindfulness-based therapeutic interventions promote the use of meditative practices to increase present-moment awareness of conscious thoughts, feelings, and body sensations in an effort to manage negative experiences more effectively. Cotton noted the anxiety of their patients was significantly reduced following treatment, and the more mindfulness they practiced, the less anxious they felt. Both findings reaffirm the potential that mindfulness therapy could bring to the table. If nothing else, it might allow people who would be reluctant to take medication more treatments to choose from. “Increasingly, patients and families are asking for additional therapeutic options, in addition to traditional medication-based treatments, that have proven effectiveness for improved symptom reduction. Mindfulness-based therapies for mood disorders is one such example with promising evidence,”said Cotton, adding the university is both studying and implementing these therapies. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To explore cognitive therapies other than pharmaceutical treatment for anxiety disorders, a university research team found mindfulness therapy helps reduce childhood anxiety significantly through increased consciousness of present feelings and body sensations. Mindfulness therapy allows patients more treatment options. With patients’ increasing demand for additional therapeutic options, the university is now working on these therapies. (55 words) 【导语】本文主要介绍了辛辛那提大学研究团队发现正念疗法能显著减轻儿童焦虑，并为患者提供更多治疗选择。 【详解】1.要点摘录   ①But a team of researchers from the University of Cincinnati set out to explore other treatment options that focus more on the mind and less on pharmaceutical (药物的) solutions. ②Over the course of 12 weeks, each participant underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans while they practiced mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, a wide range of therapeutic techniques that include meditation, yoga, and learning how to pay nonjudgmental attention to one’s life. ③Mindfulness-based therapeutic interventions promote the use of meditative practices to increase present-moment awareness of conscious thoughts, feelings, and body sensations in an effort to manage negative experiences more effectively. ④Cotton noted the anxiety of their patients was significantly reduced following treatment, and the more mindfulness they practiced, the less anxious they felt.   ⑤If nothing else, it might allow people who would be reluctant to take medication more treatments to choose from.   ⑥Increasingly, patients and families are asking for additional therapeutic options, in addition to traditional medication-based treatments, that have proven effectiveness for improved symptom reduction. 2.缜密构思   第①②③三个要点进行重组为“研究目的+方法+机制”，将第⑤⑥要点进行整合为“需求驱动+提供更多选择”的因果关系，④句作为独立要点，说明研究结果——焦虑显著减轻。 3.遣词造句   A university team explored non-drug treatments for childhood anxiety through mindfulness therapy including meditation and yoga, which increases awareness of present feelings and body sensations. The therapy significantly reduced patients’ anxiety.   With growing demand for extra options, it offers more choices and the university is developing it further. 【点睛】【高分句型1】To explore cognitive therapies other than pharmaceutical treatment for anxiety disorders, a university research team found mindfulness therapy helps reduce childhood anxiety significantly through increased consciousness of present feelings and body sensations. (运用了不定式作目的状语，以及省略了that引导的宾语从句)   【高分句型2】With patients’ increasing demand for additional therapeutic options, the university is now working on these therapies. (运用了with构成的介词短语作状语。) V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．这个培训项目是为帮助初学者学习编程而量身定制的。 (tailor) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This training program is tailored to help beginners learn programming. 【详解】表示“这个培训项目”译为this training program，作主语；表示“为……量身定制”译为be tailored to；表示“帮助初学者学习编程”用短语help sb. do sth.，译为help beginners learn programming。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。 53．本次展览聚焦多元文化，尽显不同文明的独特魅力。（feature）   ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This exhibition features diverse cultures and fully demonstrates the unique charm of different civilizations. 【详解】“本次展览”表达为This exhibition；“聚焦”用feature，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，feature用第三人称单数形式features；“多元文化”是diverse cultures；“尽显”即“充分展示”，“展示”用demonstrate，同样用第三人称单数形式demonstrates，fully表示“充分地”；“……的独特魅力”是unique charm of，“不同文明”为different civilizations。 54．不管你选择实木沙发还是皮革沙发，一定要确保沙发足够大，能坐得下我们八个人。(enough) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Whether you choose a wooden sofa or a leather one, make sure the sofa is huge enough to accommodate the eight of us. 【详解】“不管……还是……”使用whether...or...引导让步状语从句，“选择”为choose，“实木沙发”为wooden sofa，“皮革沙发”为leather one，表泛指，加不定冠词，“一定要确保”为make sure，使用祈使句型，“足够大”为be huge enough，“能坐得下我们八个人”为accommodate the eight of us，enough后常接动词不定式，句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。 55．食客们都夸面包师技艺高超，软糯香甜的点心入口即化，给人满满的幸福感。(compliment) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Diners all compliment the baker on his exceptional skill, as the fragrant and tender/soft desserts/sweets/treats/snacks just melt in the mouth, filling them with happiness. 【详解】“食客们”用diners作主语，“夸赞某人……”用短语compliment sb. on sth.，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语compliment用原形，“他的高超技艺”用his exceptional skill，“软糯香甜的点心入口即化”可处理为as引导的时间状语从句，“软糯香甜的点心”用the fragrant and tender/soft desserts/sweets/treats/snacks作主语，“融化”用melt作从句谓语，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形，“在嘴里”用in the mouth作状语，“给人满满的幸福感”用fill them with happiness，此处处理为现在分词filling...作状语。 VI. Guided Writing （25分） Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李明，看到学校英文报上的 TROUBLESHOOTER (“排忧解难”) 专栏 Lynn 发的一封信，你通过该英文报回复 Lynn，给她提供建议，帮助她改变父母的想法。你的信必须包括： 1.你的建议； 2.你的理由。 Dear TROUBLESHOOTER, I’m a high school student who has a passion for photography. I’ve been saving up to buy my dream camera, but my parents insist that it’s a waste of time and money, and that I should focus entirely on my studies. They don’t understand why photography matters to me. How can I change their mind? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Lynn 【答案】Dear Lynn,     I’m Li Ming, a Senior Three student from Mingqi High School. I’m writing to offer you some practical advice to help you persuade your parents.     First, you’d better have a calm and sincere talk with your parents. You can explain that photography is not a waste of time. It can broaden your horizons, cultivate your patience and enrich your spare time. Besides, promise them that you will arrange your time properly and never let your hobby affect your schoolwork. Good academic performance is the best way to remove their worries.     What’s more, you can share your photographic works with them, letting them feel your true love for this hobby.     I believe that your parents will finally understand and support you. Yours, Li Ming 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以明启中学高三学生李明的身份，在学校英文报专栏回信给 Lynn，针对她想买相机却遭到父母反对的问题给出合理建议并说明理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 说服：persuade → convince 开阔眼界：broaden one’s horizons → expand one’s outlook 培养：cultivate → foster 消除：remove → get rid of 2. 句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：You can explain that photography is not a waste of time. 拓展句：It is advisable for you to explain that photography is not a waste of time. 【点睛】【高分句型1】You can explain that photography is not a waste of time. (运用that引导宾语从句) 【高分句型2】What’s more, you can share your photographic works with them, letting them feel your true love for this hobby. (运用现在分词作结果状语) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $