Unit 7 知识梳理-八年级英语下册单元高效复习必备（新教材沪教版）

Unit 7 Space exploration 单元小结 知识目录 学习目标：本单元围绕“太空探索的意义与挑战” 展开，核心探讨 “中国在太空探索方面取得了哪些成就” 这一关键问题。通过宇航员太空生活纪实、太空垃圾危害、天宫空间站发展、北斗导航系统应用等内容，呈现了太空探索的多维度价值。 语法目标：学习过去进行时用法。 听说目标：能听懂太空垃圾主题讲座，梳理主旨、捕捉细节并完成相关任务 写作目标：介绍中国太空成就和宇航员。 目录 知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式 要点1 重点单词 背诵 要点2 重点短语 背诵 要点3 重点句式 背诵 【精讲精练】 要点1 take off及短语的用法 练习 要点2 turn out及短语的用法 练习 要点3 afford的用法 练习 要点4 mistake的用法 练习 要点5 stressful的用法 练习 要点6 view 的用法 练习 要点7 stick的用法 练习 要点8 stop...from doing/ stop doing sth/ stop to do sth 练习 要点9 slow down的用法 练习 要点10 deliver的用法 练习 要点11 supply的用法 练习 要点12 equipmen的用法 练习 要点13 point的用法 练习 要点14 Spend “四朵金花”（高频考题,重点训练）的用法 练习 要点15. see sb. do sth/ see sb. doing sth.的用法 练习 要点16 destroy的用法 练习 要点17. serve的用法 练习 要点18. While与when区别 练习 知识要点二、语法 要点1过去进行时的用法 22 知识要点三、书面表达 要点1 话题分析 23 要点2 通用表达 24 要点3经典范文 25 要点4实战演练 26 知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。 【重点单词】背诵版 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.nouns 1.beef牛肉 2.seafood 海鲜 3.*muscle 肌肉 4.gym 健身房 5.spaceflight 航天；宇宙飞行 6. supply 供应量；供给量 【变形】supplier n. 供货商；供应者 7.point 时刻；阶段 【搭配】point to/at 指向 point out 指出来 8.mistake 错误；失误 【兼】mistake v. 误解；误会 【搭配】by mistake 错误地 make a mistake犯错误 9.*satellite 人造卫星 10.*fuel 燃料 11.lab 实验室 2.verbs 12.afford 承担得起(后果) 13.stick粘；贴 【变形】sticky adj. 黏(性)的 【搭配】stick to doing 坚持做某事 14.destroy 摧毁 【变形】destruction n. 破坏 15.select 挑选；选拔 【变形】selection n. 选择 16.deliver 传送；运载 【变形】delivery n. 传送；交付 17.hit 碰撞；撞击 18.serve 为……工作；服务 【变形】service n.服务 servant n.仆人 3.adjectives 19.average 平均的 20.probable很可能发生(或存在等) 【变形】probably adv.大概；很可能 【重点短语】背诵版 1.float around 四处漂浮 2.take off起飞 3.for a while一段时间 4.turn out 证明是；结果是 5.cannot afford to 承担不起(后果) 6.stick ...to ...把……粘到 ……上 7.by mistake错误地；无意中 8.daily routine日常生活；日常工作 9.space junk 太空垃圾 10.crash into sth. 撞上 … … 11.be selected for被选入 12. stay fit保持健康 13. go on （perform）spacewalks 太空行走 14.be determined to 决心做… 【重点句式】背诵版 1.It turns out that eating can be a pleasure in space too! 结果证明，在太空进食也可以是一件乐事! 2.We can't afford to make any mistakes, so it can be stressful sometimes. 我们承担不起任何错误的后果，所以有时候压力很大。 3.I have to stick my sleeping bag to the wall. 我得把我的睡袋粘在墙上。 4.This stops me from floating around the room and hitting something by mistake! 这能防止我在房间里飘来飘去，还能避免我不小心撞到什么东西! 5.Nie was given the title “Heroic Astronaut” to recognize his great work. 聂海胜被授予“英雄航天员”称号，以表彰他的卓越贡献。 6.If you know when and where to look,you will see a tiny shiny object moving across the night sky. 如果你知道在何时看往何处，你会看到一个小小的发光体在夜空中移动。 7.At this point, the space station was ready to receive human visitors. 此时，空间站已准备好迎接人类访客 8. That means it only takes about 90 minutes to go around the Earth! 这意味着 它绕地球一周只需要大约90分钟! 【精讲精练】 要点1 take off 【原句呈现】 1.Finally, we took off. 最终，我们起飞了 1. (飞机) 起飞 The rocket will take off on time and fly into space soon. 火箭将会准时起飞，很快飞入太空。 2. 脱下（衣物、帽子等） It is hot inside, so you should take off your thick jacket. 里面很热，你应该脱下厚外套。 3. （事业、产品）飞速发展；走红 With hard work, her dream job finally took off last year. 凭借努力，她理想的事业去年终于步入正轨、迅速发展。 take 构成的短语 1.take care of 照顾；照看 We should learn to take care of ourselves when we leave home. 离家在外时，我们要学会照顾好自己。 2.take part in 参加（活动、比赛） Many students will take part in the sports meeting next Friday. 许多学生将会参加下周五的运动会。 3.take place 发生；举行 The big art show will take place in our school hall next month. 这场大型艺术演出将于下月在学校礼堂举行。 4.take away 拿走；打包外卖 Don’t take away these books because we still need them. 不要拿走这些书，我们还需要使用。 5.take up 占据 (时间 / 空间)；开始学习 Playing phone games takes up too much of students' free time. 玩手机游戏会占用学生太多的空闲时间。 6.take down 记下；写下 You can take down key words to help you remember the passage. 你可以记下关键词，帮助记忆这篇文章。 7.take out 取出；拿出 She took out a pen and started to write her homework at once. 她拿出一支钢笔，立刻开始写作业。 【典例分析】 一、用take构成的短语完成句子 1.母亲把我们的盘子拿走，回来拿一些水果给我们吃 Mother _________our plates __________and came back with some fruit for us to eat. 【答案】took away 拿走 2.那首曲子把我带回到童年时代 That music ________ me________ to my childhood. 【答案】took back 带回。 3.我们需要把窗帘拿下来清洗下 We need to _________ __________ the curtains to be cleaned. 【答案】take down取下、拿下 4. 如果你有钢笔，可以把我的电话号码记下来 If you have a pen, you can ________ _________ my phone number. 【答案】take down。写下、记录 5.飞往曼谷的航班准时起飞。 The flight for Bangkok ________ ________ on time. 【答案】took off “起飞” 6.天气太热了，所以我把夹克衫脱掉了 It was hot, so I________ my jacket __________. 【答案】took off“脱下” 7.请在整个房子有臭味前把垃圾清除出去 Please _________ ________the trash before the whole house starts to smell. 【答案】took out拿出，取出 8. 有关金融的书籍占用了三个书架 The books on finance_______ ________ three shelves. 【答案】take up 占据（一定的时间、空间、精力......）；开始从事...... 9.The plane to Chengdu just now．You have to wait until tomorrow． A. took off B. took after C. took out D. took away 【答案】A 【解析】句意：去成都的飞机刚刚起飞，你得等到明天。考查动词短语。A. took off（飞机等）起飞，脱下；B. took after长得像，性格类似于，效仿；C. took out拿出，取出；D. took away拿走。结合句意可知填took off；选A。 10.You’d better___________your coat. Ifs so hot here. A. put on C. take up B. put off D. take off 【答案】D 【解析】句意：你最好把外套脱了.这里太热了. 考查动词短语.put on穿上；put off推迟；take up占据；lake oil脱下。根据Tt's too hot here.“可知太热了，所以要脱衣服。故选D 要点2 turn out 【原句呈现】 It turns out that eating can be a pleasure in space too! 事实证明，在太空用餐也能成为一种乐趣！ turn out 核心用法（中考必考） 1.结果是；证明是（课文原句用法，最高频） 句型：It turns out that + 句子 It turns out that eating can be a pleasure in space too. 事实证明，在太空用餐也会是一件很愉快的事。 2.关掉（灯、风扇等电器） Please turn out the lights when you leave the classroom turn 构成的短语 1.turn on 打开（电器、水龙头） 2.turn off 关闭（电器、水龙头） 3.turn up 调大（音量）；出现 4.turn down 调小（音量）；拒绝 5.turn left / turn right 向左转 / 向右转 6.turn around 转身；回头 7.turn into 变成；成为 8.turn to 转向；求助于 9.turn over 翻转；翻动 【典例分析】 1.新闻时间到了，请打开电视机。 It’s time for the news. Please ______ _________ the TV. 2.你能把电视声音调低一点吗？ Can you _______ _______ the TV a bit? 3.当你离开房间时要关灯。 _______ _______ the lights when you leave the room. 4.第二天，小溪里的水变成了褐色的水。 The water in the brook _______ ________ brown water the next day. 【答案】1.turn on 2.turn down 3.turn off 4.turns into 5. The result______ that the man had nothing to do with this case. A. turned out B. turned around C. turned to D. turned off 【答案】A 【解析】句意：结果证明那个人与这件事毫无关系。A. turned out证明；B. turned around 转身，C. turned to转向；D. turned off关掉。结合句意可知，答案为A。 6.It ______ that the man was actually a thief. Thanks to the neighbor’s call, the police caught him in time. A. turned on B. turned off C. turned out D. turned down 【答案】C 【解析】本题句意为 “结果证明那个男人实际上是个小偷。多亏邻居报警，警察及时抓住了他”。A 选项 turned on 意为 “打开（电器等）”，如 turned on the TV（打开电视），与语境不符；B 选项 turned off 表示 “关闭（电器等）”，turned off the light（关灯），不符合句子意思；C 选项 turned out 表示 “结果是，证明是”，符合 “男人被证明是小偷” 这一语境；D 选项 turned down 有 “调低（音量）；拒绝” 的意思，turn down the radio（调低收音机音量），不符合句子情境，所以本题正确答案是 C。 要点3 afford 【原句呈现】 We can't afford to make any mistakes, so it can be stressful sometimes. 我们绝不能犯错，所以有时会倍感压力 afford vt. 买得起；负担得起；承担得起（时间、金钱、后果） 常用：否定 / 疑问居多，一般不用于进行时 关键搭配 & 易错点： can/could/be able to afford必须搭配！单独 afford 很少用 Many poor families can't afford a big house in the city. 许多贫困家庭在城市里买不起大房子。 We can't afford to make any mistakes.我们承担不起犯下任何错误。 I want a new bike, but I cannot afford it. 我想要一辆新自行车，但我买不起。 【典例分析】 1.—Some children can't afford　　 　 necessary stationery. —Let's donate our pocket money to them. A. buy B. buying C.to buy D.be bought 【答案】C 【解析】afford 意为“（有财力）买得起，付得起”后面一般接不定式。故选C。 2.I am afraid we cannot _______ to take a taxi .Let’s go by underground instead . A. refuse B. afford C. forget D. fall 【答案】B 【解析】考查词语辨异。首先要明确各单词意思才会有正确的选择。A. refuse拒绝 B. afford 买得起，付得起 C. forget 忘记 D. fall掉下，落下。根据题意选B。 3.I can't ________ the purse for it's so expensive. A. find B. afford C. cost D. spend 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我买不起这个钱包因为太贵了。 考查动词辨析。find发现；afford买得起；cost花费；spend花费；根据句意理解及后句for it’s so expensive可知，这里表达的是“买不起”，空格前有can’t，所以这里直接用动词原形，表示“买得起”，故选B。 4.他太穷了买不起城市的房子。 He is very poor and___________________ a house in the city. 【答案】can’t afford to buy. afford常接在can， could， be able to之后，表示担负得起. 要点4 mistake 【原句呈现】 We can't afford to make any mistakes, so it can be stressful sometimes. 我们绝不能犯错，所以有时会倍感压力 mistake n. 错误；失误 v. 弄错；误解 make a mistake / make mistakes 犯错 by mistake 错误地；无意中 If you are careless, you will easily make mistakes in your homework. 如果你粗心，就很容易在作业中犯错。 I took her pen by mistake yesterday morning. 昨天早上我误拿了她的钢笔。 mistake A for B把 A 错当成 B People often mistake the twin sisters for each other. 人们常常把这对双胞胎姐妹认错。 【典例分析】 指出下面mistake的意义。 1.There are a lot of spelling mistakes in your article. 【答案】句意：在你的文章中有许多拼写错误。mistake 可数名词，错误 2.He was mistaken for the minister. 【答案】句意：他被错当成牧师了。 mistake for动词，把……错当成…… 3.You mistook my meaning entirely. 【答案】句意：你完全误解了我的意思。mistake动词，误会；误解。 4.I took your bag by mistake. 【答案】句意：我错拿了你的包。短语，by mistake 错误地 5. Dennis was in a hurry to leave, so he picked up the wrong hat _________. A. in time B. in person C. by mistake D. by hand 【答案】C 【解析】本小题考查固定搭配词义辨析。in time意为“及时”；in person意为“亲自”；by mistake意为“错误 地；无意中”；by hand意为“手工”。根据“丹尼斯匆忙地离开”可知，他“无意中”拿错了帽子，故选C。 要点5 stressful 【原句呈现】 We can't afford to make any mistakes, so it can be stressful sometimes. 我们绝不能犯错，所以有时会倍感压力 stress n. 压力；重音 / v. 强调；使承受压力 stressful adj. 修饰事物：令人有压力的、紧张的 stressed adj. 修饰人：感到有压力的、焦虑的 stress① n. 压力搭配：under stress 在压力之下 Many students live under great stress during the exam season. 很多学生在考试季承受着巨大的压力。 ② v. 强调 Teachers always stress the importance of careful study. 老师总是强调认真学习的重要性。 2. stressful（形容事 / 工作 / 生活）含义：令人紧张的、带来压力 Astronauts’ work in space is sometimes very stressful. 宇航员的太空工作有时压力很大。 Life in big cities can be stressful for young people. 大城市的生活对年轻人来说可能很有压力。 3. stressed（形容人）含义：（人）感到压力大的、焦虑的 搭配：feel / be stressed 例句： If you worry too much, you will feel stressed every day. 如果你顾虑太多，每天都会感到压力重重。 She is stressed because she has too much homework. 她因为作业太多而倍感焦虑。 【典例分析】 1. Working all day without rest is really a ______ job. A. stressed B. stress C. stressful D. stressing 【答案】C 【解析】句意：整天无休无止地工作真是一份压力很大的工作。A. stressed 多用于形容人的感受；B. stress 压力，为名词；C. stressful 令人有压力的，修饰事物、工作、环境；D. stressing 为动词现在分词。此处修饰名词 job，要用 stressful，故选 C。 要点6 View 【原句呈现】 The view of the Earth is great! 地球的景色美极了！ view主要用作名词和动词。‌ 作为名词时，View可以表示“看法”、“观点”、“视野”等概念；作为动词时，表示“观看”、“查看”或“认为”。 作为名词时，View有以下含义和用法： · 看法、观点‌：例如，She has a different view on education.她对教育的看法不同。 in one’s view 在某人看来 · 视野、景色‌：例如， The view from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.从山顶看到的景色令人叹为观止。 作为动词时，View有以下含义和用法： · ‌观看、查看‌：例如，Please view the document before signing.请在签字前查看文件。 · ‌认为、看待‌：例如，We view this project as a great opportunity.我们认为这个项目是一个很好的机会。 In my view, reading is the best way to relax in our free time. 在我看来，阅读是空闲时间最好的放松方式。 Astronauts can view our beautiful Earth in space. 宇航员能在太空中观赏美丽的地球。 Many people view hard work as the key to success. 许多人把努力学习看作成功的关键。 中考常用固定搭配 the view of the city 城市风光 in my view = in my opinion 在我看来 point of view 观点；角度 enjoy the view 欣赏风景 五、易混辨析（简单记） view：多指远处、高处的自然景色（太空、山顶、窗边） scenery：整体自然风光（不可数） sight：名胜、景点 【典例分析】 1. We plan to buy a new flat near the Bund, so that we could have a good ________ of the Huangpu River. A. scenery B. view C. scene D. sight 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们计划在外滩附近买一套新公寓，这样我们就能看到黄浦江的美景。 考查名词辨析。scenery风景；view视野；scene场面；sight视力。根据“have a good... of the Huangpu River.”可知，在外滩附近买一套新公寓，这样看黄浦江就有很好的视野，应用view，故选B。 2. As soon as we find a problem, we rush to the ________to deal with it.（*****） A. scenery B. view C. scene D. sight 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“我们一发现问题，就立刻赶往现场去处理它。”在这里，我们需要一个词来表示“现场”或“事发地点”。 A. scenery 意为“风景”，通常指自然风光或城市景观，不符合题意。 B. view 意为“视野”或“观点”，在这里也不符合句子的语境。 C. scene 意为“现场”或“场景”，在这里指的是问题发生的具体地点，符合题意。 D. sight 意为“视力”或“景象”，虽然有时也可以指某个地点，但在这个句子中不如“scene”准确。 要点7 stick 【原句呈现】I have to stick my sleeping bag to the wall. 我必须把睡袋固定在墙上。 1. 粘贴；固定（课文原句用法）stick A to B 把 A 粘贴 / 固定在 B 上 I have to stick my sleeping bag to the wall. 我必须把睡袋固定在墙上。People stick photos to the notebook to keep good memories. 人们把照片贴在笔记本上，留住美好回忆。 2. 卡住；陷住；动弹不得 The key stuck in the lock and I could not open the door. 钥匙卡在锁里，我打不开门。 3. 坚持；固守stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事（中考高频！） If you want to improve English, you should stick to reading every day. 如果你想提高英语，就要坚持每天阅读。 stick n. 木棍；枝条；手杖 The little boy picked up a stick and played with it. 小男孩捡起一根木棍玩耍。 中考高频短语 stick to sth./doing sth. 坚持；固守（计划、原则、习惯） stick together 团结在一起 get stuck 被困；卡住 【典例分析】 1.----Don’t lose heart,  ______ and never give up. I’m sure you will succeed one day.  ---- Thanks. I will try my best. A．stick learning B．go on to learn C．stick to learn D．stick to learning 【答案】D 【解析】句意：----不要灰心，坚持学习，永不放弃。我相信总有一天你会成功的。 ----谢谢。我会尽力的。考查stick to doing sth：坚持做某事，to是介词，后接动名词，所以答案是D，A缺少to，B中的go on后接动名词，所以是go on learning. 因此D正确。 2.— It’s rude to ______ your chopsticks _____ your food while having dinner. —I’m sorry. I won’t do that again. A．stuck; into B．sticking; onto C．stick; into D．stick; for 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——吃饭时把筷子插入食物中很粗鲁。——抱歉，我不会再这样做了。 考查动词词组。stick刺，动词原形；sticking 现在分词形式；stuck过去分词形式；into到……里面；onto在……上；for为了。由句意可知，考固定短语stick…into…插入，深入；be rude to do sth.粗鲁地做某事，所以stick用原形。故选C。 3. You shouldn't_____ only one way. You may try another way to think about the problem. A. stick on  B. stick to  C. copy on  D. copy to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：你不应该只坚持一条路。你可以试着用另一种方式来思考这个问题。Stick to坚持。 要点8 stop...from doing/ stop doing sth/ stop to do sth 【原句呈现】 This stops me from floating around the room and hitting something by mistake!这能防止我在房间里四处漂浮，避免不小心撞到物品 stop...from doing sth. 阻止…… 做某事用法 We should stop people from cutting down trees. 我们应该阻止人们砍伐树木。 The heavy rain stopped us from going out. 大雨阻止了我们外出。 （2）stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事情（停下当前的动作） Stop eating! It's time for class. 别吃了！上课时间到了。 He stopped watching TV and began to do homework. 他停止看电视，开始写作业。 （3）stop to do sth. 停下（正在做的事）去做另一件事（to do 表目的） They stopped to have a rest. 他们停下来休息。 I stopped to listen to the song. It sounds good. 我停下来去听这首歌，它很好听。 短语 核心区别 例句 stop doing sth. 停当前动作 She stops singing. 她停止唱歌。 stop to do sth. 停当前动作，去做另一件事 She stops to sing. 她停下来去唱歌。 【典例分析】 1.那场大雪使他未能来我们的聚会。 The heavy snow _____________ __________ __________ __________ to our party. 【答案】stopped him from going 2.The heavy rain stopped them _______ home on time. A. return B. returning C. returned D. to return 【答案】本题考查固定短语的用法。stop sb. (from) doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”，故选B。 3. You look tired, you must________. A. stops to work B. stopped working C. stop to work D. stop working 【答案】D你看起来很累，所以你必须停止工作。故答案选D。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事” 4. In the end, we felt tired, so we stopped ______ a rest. A. having B. to have C. had D. have 【答案】B 最后，我们感到累，我们停下来休息。故答案选B。stop to do 表示“停下来开始做某事” 5.请停止说话，咱们开始上课。 Please _________ _____________. Let’s start the lesson. 【答案】stop speaking。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事” 6大雨使我们踢不了球。 The heavy rain ___________ us ___________ ___________ football. 【答案】stopped from playing。stop …from 表示阻止。。。做某事。 7.我们必须阻止人们砍伐树林。 We must ___________people _____________ ____________ down trees. 【答案】stop from cutting。表示阻止。。。做某事。 要点9 slow down 【原句呈现】 Exercise can slow down the muscle loss. 运动可以减缓肌肉流失。 slow down（使）放慢速度；减缓；减速 slow down 减速，慢下来 slow down sth. 减缓某事 You should slow down when you drive.开车时你应该减速。 The rain slowed down.雨变小了。 We can slow down the damage.我们可以减缓损害。 This can slow down the growth of bacteria.这可以减缓细菌的生长。 【典例分析】 1.你开车时应该减速。 You should ________ ________ when you drive a car. 【答案】slow down 【解析】slow down 意为 “减速；慢下来”，should 后接动词原形。 2.请放慢速度，我跟不上你了。 Please ________ ________; I can’t keep up with you. 【答案】slow down 【解析】slow down 意为 “放慢速度”，祈使句用动词原形。 要点10 deliver 【原句呈现】 The spacecraft delivered fuel, equipment, tools and supplies for the astronauts. 这艘飞船为宇航员运送了燃料、设备、工具和补给品。 1.递送；投递；运送（物品、信件、快递） 搭配：deliver sth to sp /sb 把某物送到某地 / 某人 The postman delivers letters every morning.邮递员每天早上送信。 We will deliver your package to your home.我们会把快递配送到你家。 2.发表（演讲、讲话）；宣读 搭配：deliver a speech /report 发表演讲 / 作报告例句 Our headmaster delivered a wonderful speech on Monday. 周一我们校长发表了一场精彩的演讲。 【典例分析】 1. The postman will ______ letters and newspapers to our door every morning. A. direct B. divide C. deliver D. discover 【答案】C 【解析】句意：邮递员每天早上会把信件和报纸送到我们家门口。A. deliver 递送、投递；B. divide 分开；C. direct 指导；D. discover 发现。根据句意可知选 C。 要点11 supply 【原句呈现】 The spacecraft delivered fuel, equipment, tools and supplies for the astronauts. 这艘飞船为宇航员运送了燃料、设备、工具和补给品。 supply 一、作动词 v. 供给；提供；补给 supply sb with sth 为某人提供某物 Our school supplies students with free books. 学校为学生提供免费书本。 supply sth to sb 把某物提供给某人 The factory supplies fresh water to the village. 这家工厂为村庄供应淡水。 二、作名词 n. 1.不可数：供给；补给 Water supply is very important for our life. 供水对我们的生活十分重要。 2.复数 supplies：日用品、补给品、物资 They took food and daily supplies for the trip. 他们带上了食物和日常用品去旅行。 易混辨析（中考常考） supply：侧重批量供应、补给物资 provide：provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb offer：offer sb sth /offer to do sth 主动提供 【典例分析】 1. The school can ______ free books and pens for the poor students. A. supply B. suppose C. support D. surprise 【答案】A 【解析】句意：学校可以为贫困学生提供免费的书本和钢笔。A. supply 提供、供应；B. suppose 假设、认为；C. support 支持；D. surprise 使惊讶。根据句意可知选 A。 要点12 equipmen 【原句呈现】 The spacecraft delivered fuel, equipment, tools and supplies for the astronauts. 这艘飞船为宇航员运送了燃料、设备、工具和补给品。 Equipment 不可数名词，设备；装备；器材 一、常用搭配 sports equipment 运动器材 medical equipment 医疗设备 a piece of equipment 一件设备 new equipment 新设备 二、重点语法 ✅ 正确：a piece of equipment 一件设备 ❌ 错误：an equipment /equipments/two equipments 多件：two pieces of equipment Our school bought some new sports equipment. 我们学校购置了一些新运动器材。 The hospital needs more medical equipment. 这家医院需要更多医疗设备。 动词：equip 配备；装备 固定搭配：equip sb with sth 用某物装备某人 【典例分析】 1.We need some new kitchen ____________to prepare dinner. A. competition B. equipment C. introduction D.decoration 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们需要一些新的厨房器具来准备晚餐。 competition 竞争 equipment 装备设备 introduction 意为 “介绍”“decoration” 是 “装饰” 的意思，B选项符合题意。 2. Our school bought a lot of sports ______ for the students last week. A. equipment B. experiment C. exhibition D. expression 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们学校上周为学生购置了许多运动器材。A. equipment 设备、器材；B. experiment 实验；C. exhibition 展览；D. expression 表达。根据句意可知选 A。 要点13 point 【原句呈现】 At this point, the space station was ready to receive human visitors. 此时，空间站已准备好迎接人类访客 point 作动词 v.指 1.point to + 地点 指向（远处事物，侧重方向） He pointed to the tall tree over there. 他指向那边的大树。 2.point at + 人 / 物 指着（近距离，常含不礼貌） Don’t point at others. It’s rude. 不要指着别人，这很不礼貌。 3.point out 指出；点明 My teacher pointed out my mistakes in time. 老师及时指出了我的错误。 point 作动词 v.指 1.point to + 地点 指向（远处事物，侧重方向） He pointed to the tall tree over there. 他指向那边的大树。 2.point at + 人 / 物 指着（近距离，常含不礼貌） Don’t point at others. It’s rude. 不要指着别人，这很不礼貌。 3.point out 指出；点明 My teacher pointed out my mistakes in time. 老师及时指出了我的错误。 Make a point of （因重要或必要）保证做 “特意做某事、保证做某事”，强调主观上主动、刻意地去完成某个动作，突出对该事情的重视 【典例分析】 1. “I'll have that one，” she said, ________ a big chocolate cake. A． point at B． point to C． pointing out D． pointing at 【答案】D 【解析】句意：指着一个大的巧克力蛋糕，她说“我将吃那一个”。A. point at指着；B. point to指……； C. pointing out指出；现在分词；D. pointing at指着……；现在分词。这里是现在分词做后置做伴随状语，这里是指着某物的意思。根据题意，故选D。 【注意】 point to多用来表示指向离说话人较远的事物,意为“指向”,to也是介词,着重于指的方向. point at习惯上表示指向离说话人较近的事物,意为“指着”,at是介词,着重于指的对象. 2.You can’t stick your chopsticks ______ your food and you can’t point ______ anyone with them, either. A. in; to B. of; at C. for; to D. into; at 【答案】D 【解析】句意：你不能把筷子插入食物中，也不能用筷子指着他人。 考查介词用法。in在……里面；to到，向；of……的；at在（某处）；for为了；into到……里面，进入。由句意可知，本题考固定短语stick…into…插入，深入；point at指向。故选D 3.The p __________ is that she doesn't know how to do it. （根据句意及首字母提示写出单词。） 【答案】point 观点，看法。 4.就我的观点而言，我不喜欢这本书。 ________ ________ _________ _________ _________. I don’t like this book. 【答案】In my point of view 5.这是一个简单的测试，用来证明我的观点 Here's a simple test to prove ________ ___________.  【答案】my point 6.勒布朗詹姆斯在总决赛第二场中拿了33分。【篮球得分】 LeBron James _______ ________ ________ in the final Game 2. 【答案】got 33 points 要点14 Spend “四朵金花”（高频考题,重点训练） 【原句呈现】 That means it only takes about 90 minutes to go around the Earth! 这意味着 它绕地球一周只需要大约90分钟! 词汇 用法 spend 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： 1. spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱 2. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事 cost 主语是物或者某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法：“sth costs (sb)+金钱”,意为“某物花了（某人）多少钱” take 后面常跟双宾语，常用于以下结构： 1. “It takes sb +时间+to do sth” 做某事花费某人多少时间。 2. “doing sth takes sb +时间” 做某事花费某人多少时间。 pay 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： 1. pay (sb) money for sth. 为...付钱（给某人） 2. pay for sth. 付....的 钱 3. pay for sb. 替某人付钱 4. pay sb. 付钱给某人。 【典例分析】 一、单项选择： 1. It ______________ me two weeks to finish reading the novel written by Guo Jingming. A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost 【答案】B句意：读完郭敬明写的这部小时花费了我两周的时间。考查易混动词用法辨别。根据人花费作主语用spend / pay，物花费作主语用take / cost，再根据短语搭配take sb some time + to dos th，判断为take；故选B。 2. The new T-shirt _______________ me fifty yuan. A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost 【答案】D句意：这件新的T恤衫花费了我50远。考查易混动词用法辨析。根据物作主语用take/cost；再根据短语搭配cost sb some money；判断为cost；故选D。 3.He ___________ twenty yuan for the book. A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent 【答案】A. 主语是人(he)。并且从后面搭配用for可知答案选A。pay…for为...付钱（给某人） 4.I usually ____________ two hours on my homework every day. A. spend B. pay C. cost D. take 【答案】A 主语是人(I )。并且从后面搭配用on可知答案选A. spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱 5.Jack usually __________ an hour ___________ his homework. A. takes, to do B. pays, for doing C. spends, on doing D. spends, doing 【答案】D 主语是人(Jack ) . spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事。in省略。 6.Lucy spends one hundred yuan ___________ books every month. A. on B. in C. with D. of 【答案】A。 spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱 7.Little Tom usually spends his free time ___________ some reading at home. A. do B. doing C. on doing D. to do 【答案】B spend（in）doing in可省略，而不是spend 。。。on doing。注意这里学生往往弄错。故答案选B 8.It took Lucy two days ___________ drawing this beautiful picture. A. to finish B. in finishing C. finishing D. finish 【答案】A。“It takes sb +时间+to do sth” 做某事花费某人多少时间。 9.A smile ____________ nothing, but gives much. A. costs B. spends C. cost D. spend 【答案】A 句意：微笑无需付出，却给予很多。spend花费，Sb. spend some money/some time on/doing sth.主语是人，经常与on连用，跟动词用动名词形式；cost花费，Sth. cost sb. some money，主语是物，人和钱作其宾语。本题中a smile是物，用cost。主语A smile是单数名词，因此谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式；故本题选A项costs。 二、选择正确的“花费”的适当形式填空。 1、It ______________ me about an hour to do my homework every day. 【答案】takes 2、I ______________ an hour cleaning my office yesterday. 【答案】spent 3、This heavy coat ______________ me 500 yuan. 【答案】cost 4、I ______________ 50 yuan for the dictionary yesterday afternoon. 【答案】paid 5、I ______________ two hours on this maths problem. At last, I worked it out. 【答案】spent 三、完成句子。 1、他们花了两年建造这座大桥。 They __________ two years ___________ __________ this bridge. 【答案】spent in building 2、他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。 _________ __________ them three years __________ build this road. 【答案】It took to 3、从这里走到车站花了我们半小时。 ________ ________ us thirty minutes ________ _______ from here to the station. 【答案】It takes to walk 4、我花了两个小时才完成这篇作文。 It took me two hours __________ ____________ the composition. 【答案】to finish 5、我花三千元买了这部手机。 ________ ________ 3,000 yuan __________ the mobile phone. 【答案】I spent on/buying 或 I paid for 要点15 see sb. do sth/ see sb. doing sth. 【原句呈现】 If you know when and where to look, you will see a tiny shiny object moving across the night sky. 如果你知道在何 时看往何处，你会看到一个小小的发光体在夜空中移动。 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事 / 看见某人经常做某事 ✅ 强调：全过程、经常性、动作已结束 see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 ✅ 强调：动作正在进行、片段瞬间 I saw him enter the room.我看见他走进了房间。（全程看完，动作结束）We often see old people exercise in the park. 我们经常看见老人在公园里锻炼。（习惯性动作） I saw him reading books just now.我刚才看见他正在看书。（当时正在进行） 【典例分析】 1.—Is Tom in the next room? —Well, it's hard to say. But I heard him _____ loudly when I passed by just now. A speak B. to speak C. spoken D. speaking 【答案】D 【解析】由 when I passed by just now 可知，是强调动作正在进行，hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事，现在分词短语作宾语补足语。 2.I saw some boys basketball on the playground. A. play B.to play C. played D. playing 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我看见一些男孩正在操场上打篮球。see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事，see sb do sth看见某人做了某事。根据句意，表示看见一些男孩正在打篮球，故用playing，故选D。 3.He saw his mother___________(do)housework when he got up earlier. 【答案】doing 表示看到某人正在做某事 4. I often see her ____________(dance) in the park. 【答案】dance 表示看到某人做了某事 要点16 destroy destroy：v. 摧毁；毁灭 There was a fire in the art gallery and several famous paintings were destroyed. 美术馆失了场火，烧毁了几张著名的油画。 The flood destroyed the city completely. 洪水完全毁掉了这座城市。 【辨析】damage, destroy与ruin damage, destroy 和ruin都有“破坏”的意思。damage 通常是指部分性地损坏，暗示损坏后价值、功能等会降低；destroy 通常指彻底地毁掉或毁灭，暗示无法或很难修复；ruin 指彻底地毁坏，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等。 The bridge was badly damaged by the earthquake. 桥被地震损坏得很严重。 Smoking will damage your health. 抽烟会损害你的健康。 The fire destroyed the building. 大火毁了这幢大楼。 The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。 【拓展】 (1)表示“毁坏”意思时，damage还可用作名词，且是不可数名词。 The flood caused serious damage to the crops. 洪水对庄稼造成了严重的损害。 【典例分析】 用damage, destroy的适当形式填空 1. The bus was badly _____________ when it hit the wall. 2.The building was ______________ in the earthquake. 3.The fire __________the building. 4.The flood caused serious__________ to the crops. 5.Smoking will _________your health. 【答案】1.damaged 2. destroyed 3. destroyed 4. damage (名词) 5. damage 6. The heavy storm ______ a lot of trees along the road. A. divided B. developed C. destroyed D. discovered 【答案】C 【解析】句意：暴风雨摧毁了路边许多树木。A. destroy 摧毁、破坏；B. develop 发展；C. divide 分开；D. discover 发现。根据句意可知选 C。 要点17 serve (1) serve sth. (with sth.)意为“提供某物(配某物)”； serve sth.to sb.＝serve sb. sth.，意为“用……款待某人”。如： 1 It serves delicious food. 它提供美味的食物。 ②He served us a big plate of chicken. 他给我们端上一大盘鸡肉。 (2)serve作动词，意为“够……吃(用)”。如： This dish will serve four people. 这盘菜够四个人吃。 (3)serve作动词，还意为“接待；服务”。如： Are you being served？有人接待您吗？ (4)有关serve的习惯用语：it serves sb. right (for doing sth.)某人咎由自取/罪有应得；serve your/its turn(在某方面或某期间)发挥作用；serve two masters 侍奉二主。 【拓展】 serve的名词是service，意为“服务，效劳”。 例如： He died in the service of his country. 他为国捐躯。 There is a good bus service into the city. 往市内的公共汽车十分方便。 【典例分析】 1.There will be a sale at the clothing store. Some clothes at half price will be ___________.   A. served B. played C. taken D. carried 【答案】A 【解析】句意:这家服装店会有特价促销。一些服装将被半价出售。serve表示"提供",符合语境。 2. Afternoon tea is _____in the dining room from 3 to 5 pm every day.     A. served  B. burned  C. cooked  D. eaten  【答案】A 【解析】本题考查动词词义辨析和被动语态用法，句式就用be +done 构成。Serve意为“招待，接待；端上”；burn意为“燃烧”；cook意为“煮，烧”，eat意为“吃”。从句意“下午茶每天从三点到下午五点供应”可知本小题应选A。 3. 晚餐在晚上7点左右，甚至更晚些。 Dinner _______ ________ around 7 pm or ________ ________. 【答案】is served even later 4.服务员给她端上了一杯果汁。 The waiter __________her (with) a glass of juice. =The waiter _________ a glass of juice ________her. 【答案】served = served to 5.—Have you tried the newly opened restaurant in our community? —Yes, it has won my heart with delicious food and________ (serve) .Besides, it serves customers with free coffee. (用词的适当形式填空) 【答案】service serve的名词service 要点 18. While与when区别 while conj. 在……期间；当……的时候 【例句】 He was doing homework while I was cooking. 当我在做饭的时候，他在做家庭作业。 【辨析】while与when while 和 when都可以表示“当……的时候”。 (1)when后面可以接延续性动词和短暂性动词，若主从句表达将来发生的事情，要遵从“主将从现”原则；如果从句动作为过去时而且是短暂性动词，则主句用过去进行时。 I came in when/while he was reading. 他在看书时我走了进来。 He was reading when I came in. 我走进来时他正在看书。 When he comes back tomorrow, I will ring you up. 他明天回来的时候，我会打电话给你。 (2)while后面只能接延续性动词，常用进行时态；如若主句的动作也是延续性的，则构成“...be doing while...be doing...”。 Mum was washing clothes while Dad was reading a newspaper. 爸爸在看报纸的时候，妈妈在洗衣服。 【拓展】 (1)while n. 一会儿 She likes to lie down for a while after lunch. 她喜欢午饭后躺一会儿。 2)while conj. 而；然而(表示对比) Some people waste food while others haven’t enough. 有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。 【典例分析】 1.There is plenty of rain in the south_______ there is little in the north in China. A. while B. as C. when 2.—_________did the bell ring? — _________we were having dinner, the bell rang. A. While; When B. When; While C. While; While 3.当我在做饭的时候，他在做家庭作业。 He _________ ___________homework __________ I was cooking. 4.我走进来时他正在看书。 He __________ ___________ _________ I came in. 【答案】1.A 表示“对比”而when 无此意思。 2. B When 什么时候。“当。。。时候” 3.was doing while 表示两件事情同时发生。 4.was reading when 知识要点二、语法 1. 过去进行时的构成： 肯定句形式：主语+was/were+动词的现在分词. 否定句形式：主语+was not(wasn’t)/were not(weren’t)+动词的现在分词. 一般疑问句形式：Was/Were+主语+动词的现在分词? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语+was not (wasn’t)/ were not (weren’t). 2. 过去进行时的基本用法： (1)描述过去特定时间点正在进行的动作，常与“at+ 过去时间点”“this time yesterday” 等时间状语连用。 At 9 o'clock last Sunday,we were having a party.上 周日9点，我们正在举办派对 。 (2)描述过去某段时间内持续进行的动作，常与“from ...to ...”“during … .” 等时间状语搭配。 She was studying English from 7 to 9 yesterday morning. 昨天早上7点到9点，她一直在学英语。 (3)用于复合句中，描述一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行，常用 when 或 while 引导。 when 引导的从句常用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。 I was cooking when the phone rang. 电话铃响时，我正在做饭。 while 引导的从句和主句可都用过去进行时，表示两个动作同时进行。 While my mother was washing clothes,I was doing my homework. 妈妈在洗衣服时，我在做作业。 (4)when和while表示“当……的时候”时，when后面通常接短暂性动词的一般时态，while后面通常接持续性动词的进行时态。 3.常见易混点辨析 过去进行时vs 一般过去时： 过去进行时侧重动作“持续进行的过程”;一般过去时侧重动作“已完成的 结果”。 He read a book yesterday.他昨天读了一本书。(强调“读了”这个完成的动作。) He was reading a book at 3 p.m.yesterday. 昨天下午3点，他正在看书。(强 调“看书”这个持续的过程。) 【典例分析】 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. While we ________________(wait)for the bus, a girl ________ (run)up to us. 【答案】was waiting ran. 当一件事情正在进行时，另一件事情发生了。 2. I ________________(telephone)a friend when Bob____________ (come)in. 【答案】was telephoning came when 后面一般是非延续性动词。 3. Jim ___________(jump)on the bus as it __________ (move)away. 【答案】jumped was moving 4. While mother _______________(put)Cathy to bed, the door bell ___________(ring). 【答案】was putting rang 5. As I _____________ (walk)in the park, it _________(begin)to rain. 【答案】was walking began 6. We _______________(test)the new machine when the electricity __________(go)off. 【答案】was testing went 7. He said he _____________ (help) his sister with homework at that time. 【答案】was helping 8. While we _____________ (wait) for the bus, an old man fell down. 【答案】were waiting 知识要点三、书面表达 【话题分析】 写一篇关于航天员的文章 本单元围绕“太空探索的意义与挑战” 展开，核心探讨 “中国在太空探索方面取得了哪些成就” 这一关键问题。通过宇航员太空生活纪实、太空垃圾危害、天宫空间站发展、北斗导航系统应用等内容，呈现了太空探索的多维度价值。写作这一环节重点介绍中国太空成就和宇航员。同时培养学生描述太空生活、讨论太空探索利弊这一类短文，也要能将这单元语言点应用到作文中。写作时请注意以下要点： 一、学习如何描述人物生平、成就和品质。 二、掌握科技类文章的写作特点。 三、注意使用准确的时间顺序和事实依据。 文章结构 开头：介绍宇航员的基本信息（姓名、出生、早期梦想），点明其航天身份。 中间：描述其关键航天经历（任务时间、核心贡献、太空工作细节），结合过去进行时描述任务中具 体场景。获得的荣誉称号、奖项。 结尾：总结其成就与精神品质，体现出的优秀品质和航天精神。 【通用表达】 常用句型 / 表达： · ...is one of China's most famous astronauts. He/She was born in... · When he/she was little, he/she dreamed of... · He/She was selected as an astronaut in... and participated in... mission. · During the mission, he/she was responsible for... While his/her teammates were..., he/she was... · He/She has made great contributions to China's space exploration and is respected 【经典范文】 When Nie Haisheng was little, he loved planes and often dreamt of flying. While the other children were playing, Nie was studying hard. He was determined to make his dream come true. “I’ve never given up, and I’m always ready to face the next challenge,” said Nie. On 12 October 2005, he finally went on his first space flight in the Shenzhou-6 spacecraft. Although the mission only lasted for 5 days, he enjoyed the flight a lot. Then, in 2013 and 2021,Nie served as commander on the Shenzhou-10 and Shenzhou-12 missions. The latter made him one of the first three astronauts to live and work on China's Tiangong space station. They did different kinds of experiments and even performed a spacewalk! Their mission lasted 93 days. Nie was given the title “Heroic Astronaut” to recognize his great work. In addition, the asteroid 9517Niehaisheng was named after him. 【实战演练一】 请根据下面信息，写一篇介绍宇航员陈冬的文章。 时间 / 类别 Chen Dong (born in February 1978) When he was little ◆ loved science and technology ◆ dreamed of exploring space ◆ was curious about the unknown 1997 ◆ joined the Air Force 2010 ◆ was selected as a member of China's second group of astronauts 17 Oct 2016-18 Apr 2017 ◆ Shenzhou-11 mission ◆ stayed on the Tiangong-2 space lab for 33 days 5 Jun 2022-7 Dec 2022 ◆ Shenzhou-14 (commander) ◆ led the construction of the Tiangong space station ◆ completed three extravehicular activities Honours and titles ◆ awarded the title "Heroic Astronaut" ◆ recipient of national honorary medals Quote ◆ "Space exploration is full of challenges, but I will keep moving forward for our country." ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 范文 Chen Dong: A Dedicated Astronaut Chen Dong, born in February 1978, is a distinguished Chinese astronaut. As a child, he loved science and dreamed of exploring space. He joined the Air Force in 1997 and became an astronaut in 2010 after years of hard training. In 2016, he took part in the Shenzhou-11 mission and stayed on the Tiangong-2 space lab for 33 days. In 2022, as commander of the Shenzhou-14 mission, he spent six months on the Tiangong space station. During this time, he completed three spacewalks and helped finish the station’s construction. His careful work ensured the mission’s success. Chen Dong was given the title "Heroic Astronaut" for his great contributions. His courage and dedication inspire many young people. He has shown that with perseverance, we can reach for the stars. 【实战演练二】 有些人认为地球上的问题已经够多了，不应该花费大量资源探索太空。对此，你有何看法？请以"Why Space Exploration is Important"为题，写一篇短文。 支持观点： 1.推动科学技术进步 2.寻找新的资源和生存空间 3.增进人类对宇宙的认识 4.激发年轻人对科学的兴趣 反对观点： 1.耗费大量资金，应该先解决地球问题 2.太空探索有风险，可能造成人员伤亡 3.产生太空垃圾，污染宇宙环境 4.技术可能被用于军事目的 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Some people say we have enough problems on Earth and shouldn’t waste resources on space exploration. However, I believe it is of great importance. First, space exploration drives the progress of science and technology, which also benefits our daily life. Such as GPS, weather forecasting, China's BeiDou system—all were advanced by space research. Second, it helps us find new resources and possible living space for humans. Third, it lets us know more about the universe. What’s more, it can inspire young people to love science. It is true that space exploration costs lots of money, has risks and may cause space pollution. But if we use it in a peaceful way, its advantages are far more than disadvantages. We should keep exploring space wisely. Therefore, it is necessary for us to support space exploration and move forward bravely to explore the unknown world. 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 Space exploration 单元小结 知识目录 学习目标：本单元围绕“太空探索的意义与挑战” 展开，核心探讨 “中国在太空探索方面取得了哪些成就” 这一关键问题。通过宇航员太空生活纪实、太空垃圾危害、天宫空间站发展、北斗导航系统应用等内容，呈现了太空探索的多维度价值。 语法目标：学习过去进行时用法。 听说目标：能听懂太空垃圾主题讲座，梳理主旨、捕捉细节并完成相关任务 写作目标：介绍中国太空成就和宇航员。 目录 知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式 要点1 重点单词 默写 要点2 重点短语 默写 要点3 重点句式 默写 【精讲精练】 要点1 take off及短语的用法 练习 要点2 turn out及短语的用法 练习 要点3 afford的用法 练习 要点4 mistake的用法 练习 要点5 stressful的用法 练习 要点6 view 的用法 练习 要点7 stick的用法 练习 要点8 stop...from doing/ stop doing sth/ stop to do sth 练习 要点9 slow down的用法 练习 要点10 deliver的用法 练习 要点11 supply的用法 练习 要点12 equipmen的用法 练习 要点13 point的用法 练习 要点14 Spend “四朵金花”（高频考题,重点训练）的用法 练习 要点15. see sb. do sth/ see sb. doing sth.的用法 练习 要点16 destroy的用法 练习 要点17. serve的用法 练习 要点18. While与when区别 练习 知识要点二、语法 要点1过去进行时的用法 18 知识要点三、书面表达 要点1 话题分析 19 要点2 通用表达 20 要点3经典范文 20 要点4实战演练 21 知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。 【重点单词】背诵版 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.nouns 1._______________牛肉 2. _______________海鲜 3.* _______________ 肌肉 4. _______________ 健身房 5. _______________航天；宇宙飞行 6. _______________供应量；供给量 【变形】_______________n. 供货商；供应者 7._______________ 时刻；阶段 【搭配】_______________指向 _______________ 指出来 8. _______________错误；失误 【兼】_______________ v. 误解；误会 【搭配】_______________ 错误地 _______________犯错误 9.*_______________人造卫星 10.*_______________ 燃料 11._______________实验室 2.verbs 12. _______________承担得起(后果) 13. _______________粘；贴 【变形】_______________ adj. 黏(性)的 【搭配】_______________坚持做某事 14. _______________摧毁 【变形】_______________ n. 破坏 15. _______________挑选；选拔 【变形】_______________n. 选择 16. _______________传送；运载 【变形】_______________n. 传送；交付 17. _______________碰撞；撞击 18. _______________为……工作；服务 【变形】_______________n.服务 _______________n.仆人 3.adjectives 19. _______________平均的 20. _______________很可能发生(或存在等) 【变形】_______________ adv.大概；很可能 【重点短语】背诵版 1._______________________四处漂浮 2. _______________________起飞 3. _______________________一段时间 4. _______________________证明是；结果是 5. _______________________承担不起(后果) 6. _______________________...把……粘到 …上 7. _______________________错误地；无意中 8. _______________________日常生活；日常工作 9. _______________________太空垃圾 10. _______________________撞上 … … 11. _______________________被选入 12. _______________________保持健康 13. _______________________太空行走 14._______________________决心做… 【重点句式】背诵版 1.It ________ ________ that eating can be a pleasure in space too! 结果证明，在太空进食也可以是一件乐事! 2.We ______ ______ ______ ________ any mistakes, so it can be stressful sometimes. 我们承担不起任何错误的后果，所以有时候压力很大。 3.I have to _______ my sleeping bag ______ the wall. 我得把我的睡袋粘在墙上。 4.This_________me _______ ______ _______ the room and hitting something_______ _______! 这能防止我在房间里飘来飘去，还能避免我不小心撞到什么东西! 5.Nie _______ _______ the title “Heroic Astronaut” to recognize his great work. 聂海胜被授予“英雄航天员”称号，以表彰他的卓越贡献。 6.If you know when and where to look,you will _______a tiny shiny object ________across the night sky. 如果你知道在何时看往何处，你会看到一个小小的发光体在夜空中移动。 7.______ ______ _______ the space station was ready to receive human visitors. 此时，空间站已准备好迎接人类访客 8. That means_________ only ________ about 90 minutes ______ ________around the Earth! 这意味着 它绕地球一周只需要大约90分钟! 【精讲精练】 要点1 take off 【原句呈现】 1.Finally, we took off. 最终，我们起飞了 1. (飞机) 起飞 The rocket will take off on time and fly into space soon. 火箭将会准时起飞，很快飞入太空。 2. 脱下（衣物、帽子等） It is hot inside, so you should take off your thick jacket. 里面很热，你应该脱下厚外套。 3. （事业、产品）飞速发展；走红 With hard work, her dream job finally took off last year. 凭借努力，她理想的事业去年终于步入正轨、迅速发展。 take 构成的短语 1.take care of 照顾；照看 We should learn to take care of ourselves when we leave home. 离家在外时，我们要学会照顾好自己。 2.take part in 参加（活动、比赛） Many students will take part in the sports meeting next Friday. 许多学生将会参加下周五的运动会。 3.take place 发生；举行 The big art show will take place in our school hall next month. 这场大型艺术演出将于下月在学校礼堂举行。 4.take away 拿走；打包外卖 Don’t take away these books because we still need them. 不要拿走这些书，我们还需要使用。 5.take up 占据 (时间 / 空间)；开始学习 Playing phone games takes up too much of students' free time. 玩手机游戏会占用学生太多的空闲时间。 6.take down 记下；写下 You can take down key words to help you remember the passage. 你可以记下关键词，帮助记忆这篇文章。 7.take out 取出；拿出 She took out a pen and started to write her homework at once. 她拿出一支钢笔，立刻开始写作业。 【典例分析】 一、用take构成的短语完成句子 1.母亲把我们的盘子拿走，回来拿一些水果给我们吃 Mother _________our plates __________and came back with some fruit for us to eat. 2.那首曲子把我带回到童年时代 That music ________ me________ to my childhood. 3.我们需要把窗帘拿下来清洗下 We need to _________ __________ the curtains to be cleaned. 4. 如果你有钢笔，可以把我的电话号码记下来 If you have a pen, you can ________ _________ my phone number. 5.飞往曼谷的航班准时起飞。 The flight for Bangkok ________ ________ on time. 6.天气太热了，所以我把夹克衫脱掉了 It was hot, so I________ my jacket __________. 7.请在整个房子有臭味前把垃圾清除出去 Please _________ ________the trash before the whole house starts to smell. 8. 有关金融的书籍占用了三个书架 The books on finance_______ ________ three shelves. 9.The plane to Chengdu just now．You have to wait until tomorrow． A. took off B. took after C. took out D. took away 10.You’d better___________your coat. Ifs so hot here. A. put on C. take up B. put off D. take off 要点2 turn out 【原句呈现】 It turns out that eating can be a pleasure in space too! 事实证明，在太空用餐也能成为一种乐趣！ turn out 核心用法（中考必考） 1.结果是；证明是（课文原句用法，最高频） 句型：It turns out that + 句子 It turns out that eating can be a pleasure in space too. 事实证明，在太空用餐也会是一件很愉快的事。 2.关掉（灯、风扇等电器） Please turn out the lights when you leave the classroom turn 构成的短语 1.turn on 打开（电器、水龙头） 2.turn off 关闭（电器、水龙头） 3.turn up 调大（音量）；出现 4.turn down 调小（音量）；拒绝 5.turn left / turn right 向左转 / 向右转 6.turn around 转身；回头 7.turn into 变成；成为 8.turn to 转向；求助于 9.turn over 翻转；翻动 【典例分析】 1.新闻时间到了，请打开电视机。 It’s time for the news. Please ______ _________ the TV. 2.你能把电视声音调低一点吗？ Can you _______ _______ the TV a bit? 3.当你离开房间时要关灯。 _______ _______ the lights when you leave the room. 4.第二天，小溪里的水变成了褐色的水。 The water in the brook _______ ________ brown water the next day. 5. The result______ that the man had nothing to do with this case. A. turned out B. turned around C. turned to D. turned off 6.It ______ that the man was actually a thief. Thanks to the neighbor’s call, the police caught him in time. A. turned on B. turned off C. turned out D. turned down 要点3 afford 【原句呈现】 We can't afford to make any mistakes, so it can be stressful sometimes. 我们绝不能犯错，所以有时会倍感压力 afford vt. 买得起；负担得起；承担得起（时间、金钱、后果） 常用：否定 / 疑问居多，一般不用于进行时 关键搭配 & 易错点： can/could/be able to afford必须搭配！单独 afford 很少用 Many poor families can't afford a big house in the city. 许多贫困家庭在城市里买不起大房子。 We can't afford to make any mistakes.我们承担不起犯下任何错误。 I want a new bike, but I cannot afford it. 我想要一辆新自行车，但我买不起。 【典例分析】 1.—Some children can't afford　　 　 necessary stationery. —Let's donate our pocket money to them. A. buy B. buying C.to buy D.be bought 2.I am afraid we cannot _______ to take a taxi .Let’s go by underground instead . A. refuse B. afford C. forget D. fall 3.I can't ________ the purse for it's so expensive. A. find B. afford C. cost D. spend 4.他太穷了买不起城市的房子。 He is very poor and___________________ a house in the city. 要点4 mistake 【原句呈现】 We can't afford to make any mistakes, so it can be stressful sometimes. 我们绝不能犯错，所以有时会倍感压力 mistake n. 错误；失误 v. 弄错；误解 make a mistake / make mistakes 犯错 by mistake 错误地；无意中 If you are careless, you will easily make mistakes in your homework. 如果你粗心，就很容易在作业中犯错。 I took her pen by mistake yesterday morning. 昨天早上我误拿了她的钢笔。 mistake A for B把 A 错当成 B People often mistake the twin sisters for each other. 人们常常把这对双胞胎姐妹认错。 【典例分析】 指出下面mistake的意义。 1.There are a lot of spelling mistakes in your article. 2.He was mistaken for the minister. 3.You mistook my meaning entirely. 4.I took your bag by mistake. 5. Dennis was in a hurry to leave, so he picked up the wrong hat _________. A. in time B. in person C. by mistake D. by hand 要点5 stressful 【原句呈现】 We can't afford to make any mistakes, so it can be stressful sometimes. 我们绝不能犯错，所以有时会倍感压力 stress n. 压力；重音 / v. 强调；使承受压力 stressful adj. 修饰事物：令人有压力的、紧张的 stressed adj. 修饰人：感到有压力的、焦虑的 stress① n. 压力搭配：under stress 在压力之下 Many students live under great stress during the exam season. 很多学生在考试季承受着巨大的压力。 ② v. 强调 Teachers always stress the importance of careful study. 老师总是强调认真学习的重要性。 2. stressful（形容事 / 工作 / 生活）含义：令人紧张的、带来压力 Astronauts’ work in space is sometimes very stressful. 宇航员的太空工作有时压力很大。 Life in big cities can be stressful for young people. 大城市的生活对年轻人来说可能很有压力。 3. stressed（形容人）含义：（人）感到压力大的、焦虑的 搭配：feel / be stressed 例句： If you worry too much, you will feel stressed every day. 如果你顾虑太多，每天都会感到压力重重。 She is stressed because she has too much homework. 她因为作业太多而倍感焦虑。 【典例分析】 1. Working all day without rest is really a ______ job. A. stressed B. stress C. stressful D. stressing 要点6 View 【原句呈现】 The view of the Earth is great! 地球的景色美极了！ view主要用作名词和动词。‌ 作为名词时，View可以表示“看法”、“观点”、“视野”等概念；作为动词时，表示“观看”、“查看”或“认为”。 作为名词时，View有以下含义和用法： · 看法、观点‌：例如，She has a different view on education.她对教育的看法不同。 in one’s view 在某人看来 · 视野、景色‌：例如， The view from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.从山顶看到的景色令人叹为观止。 作为动词时，View有以下含义和用法： · ‌观看、查看‌：例如，Please view the document before signing.请在签字前查看文件。 · ‌认为、看待‌：例如，We view this project as a great opportunity.我们认为这个项目是一个很好的机会。 In my view, reading is the best way to relax in our free time. 在我看来，阅读是空闲时间最好的放松方式。 Astronauts can view our beautiful Earth in space. 宇航员能在太空中观赏美丽的地球。 Many people view hard work as the key to success. 许多人把努力学习看作成功的关键。 中考常用固定搭配 the view of the city 城市风光 in my view = in my opinion 在我看来 point of view 观点；角度 enjoy the view 欣赏风景 五、易混辨析（简单记） view：多指远处、高处的自然景色（太空、山顶、窗边） scenery：整体自然风光（不可数） sight：名胜、景点 【典例分析】 1. We plan to buy a new flat near the Bund, so that we could have a good ________ of the Huangpu River. A. scenery B. view C. scene D. sight 2. As soon as we find a problem, we rush to the ________to deal with it.（*****） A. scenery B. view C. scene D. sight 要点7 stick 【原句呈现】I have to stick my sleeping bag to the wall. 我必须把睡袋固定在墙上。 1. 粘贴；固定（课文原句用法）stick A to B 把 A 粘贴 / 固定在 B 上 I have to stick my sleeping bag to the wall. 我必须把睡袋固定在墙上。People stick photos to the notebook to keep good memories. 人们把照片贴在笔记本上，留住美好回忆。 2. 卡住；陷住；动弹不得 The key stuck in the lock and I could not open the door. 钥匙卡在锁里，我打不开门。 3. 坚持；固守stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事（中考高频！） If you want to improve English, you should stick to reading every day. 如果你想提高英语，就要坚持每天阅读。 stick n. 木棍；枝条；手杖 The little boy picked up a stick and played with it. 小男孩捡起一根木棍玩耍。 中考高频短语 stick to sth./doing sth. 坚持；固守（计划、原则、习惯） stick together 团结在一起 get stuck 被困；卡住 【典例分析】 1.----Don’t lose heart,  ______ and never give up. I’m sure you will succeed one day.  ---- Thanks. I will try my best. A．stick learning B．go on to learn C．stick to learn D．stick to learning 2.— It’s rude to ______ your chopsticks _____ your food while having dinner. —I’m sorry. I won’t do that again. A．stuck; into B．sticking; onto C．stick; into D．stick; for 3. You shouldn't_____ only one way. You may try another way to think about the problem. A. stick on  B. stick to  C. copy on  D. copy to 要点8 stop...from doing/ stop doing sth/ stop to do sth 【原句呈现】 This stops me from floating around the room and hitting something by mistake!这能防止我在房间里四处漂浮，避免不小心撞到物品 stop...from doing sth. 阻止…… 做某事用法 We should stop people from cutting down trees. 我们应该阻止人们砍伐树木。 The heavy rain stopped us from going out. 大雨阻止了我们外出。 （2）stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事情（停下当前的动作） Stop eating! It's time for class. 别吃了！上课时间到了。 He stopped watching TV and began to do homework. 他停止看电视，开始写作业。 （3）stop to do sth. 停下（正在做的事）去做另一件事（to do 表目的） They stopped to have a rest. 他们停下来休息。 I stopped to listen to the song. It sounds good. 我停下来去听这首歌，它很好听。 短语 核心区别 例句 stop doing sth. 停当前动作 She stops singing. 她停止唱歌。 stop to do sth. 停当前动作，去做另一件事 She stops to sing. 她停下来去唱歌。 【典例分析】 1.那场大雪使他未能来我们的聚会。 The heavy snow _____________ __________ __________ __________ to our party. 2.The heavy rain stopped them _______ home on time. A. return B. returning C. returned D. to return 3. You look tired, you must________. A. stops to work B. stopped working C. stop to work D. stop working 4. In the end, we felt tired, so we stopped ______ a rest. A. having B. to have C. had D. have 5.请停止说话，咱们开始上课。 Please _________ _____________. Let’s start the lesson. 6大雨使我们踢不了球。 The heavy rain ___________ us ___________ ___________ football. 7.我们必须阻止人们砍伐树林。 We must ___________people _____________ ____________ down trees. 要点9 slow down 【原句呈现】 Exercise can slow down the muscle loss. 运动可以减缓肌肉流失。 slow down（使）放慢速度；减缓；减速 slow down 减速，慢下来 slow down sth. 减缓某事 You should slow down when you drive.开车时你应该减速。 The rain slowed down.雨变小了。 We can slow down the damage.我们可以减缓损害。 This can slow down the growth of bacteria.这可以减缓细菌的生长。 【典例分析】 1.你开车时应该减速。 You should ________ ________ when you drive a car. 2.请放慢速度，我跟不上你了。 Please ________ ________; I can’t keep up with you. 要点10 deliver 【原句呈现】 The spacecraft delivered fuel, equipment, tools and supplies for the astronauts. 这艘飞船为宇航员运送了燃料、设备、工具和补给品。 1.递送；投递；运送（物品、信件、快递） 搭配：deliver sth to sp /sb 把某物送到某地 / 某人 The postman delivers letters every morning.邮递员每天早上送信。 We will deliver your package to your home.我们会把快递配送到你家。 2.发表（演讲、讲话）；宣读 搭配：deliver a speech /report 发表演讲 / 作报告例句 Our headmaster delivered a wonderful speech on Monday. 周一我们校长发表了一场精彩的演讲。 【典例分析】 1. The postman will ______ letters and newspapers to our door every morning. A. direct B. divide C. deliver D. discover 要点11 supply 【原句呈现】 The spacecraft delivered fuel, equipment, tools and supplies for the astronauts. 这艘飞船为宇航员运送了燃料、设备、工具和补给品。 supply 一、作动词 v. 供给；提供；补给 supply sb with sth 为某人提供某物 Our school supplies students with free books. 学校为学生提供免费书本。 supply sth to sb 把某物提供给某人 The factory supplies fresh water to the village. 这家工厂为村庄供应淡水。 二、作名词 n. 1.不可数：供给；补给 Water supply is very important for our life. 供水对我们的生活十分重要。 2.复数 supplies：日用品、补给品、物资 They took food and daily supplies for the trip. 他们带上了食物和日常用品去旅行。 易混辨析（中考常考） supply：侧重批量供应、补给物资 provide：provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb offer：offer sb sth /offer to do sth 主动提供 【典例分析】 1. The school can ______ free books and pens for the poor students. A. supply B. suppose C. support D. surprise 要点12 equipmen 【原句呈现】 The spacecraft delivered fuel, equipment, tools and supplies for the astronauts. 这艘飞船为宇航员运送了燃料、设备、工具和补给品。 Equipment 不可数名词，设备；装备；器材 一、常用搭配 sports equipment 运动器材 medical equipment 医疗设备 a piece of equipment 一件设备 new equipment 新设备 二、重点语法 ✅ 正确：a piece of equipment 一件设备 ❌ 错误：an equipment /equipments/two equipments 多件：two pieces of equipment Our school bought some new sports equipment. 我们学校购置了一些新运动器材。 The hospital needs more medical equipment. 这家医院需要更多医疗设备。 动词：equip 配备；装备 固定搭配：equip sb with sth 用某物装备某人 【典例分析】 1.We need some new kitchen ____________to prepare dinner. A. competition B. equipment C. introduction D.decoration 2. Our school bought a lot of sports ______ for the students last week. A. equipment B. experiment C. exhibition D. expression 要点13 point 【原句呈现】 At this point, the space station was ready to receive human visitors. 此时，空间站已准备好迎接人类访客 point 作动词 v.指 1.point to + 地点 指向（远处事物，侧重方向） He pointed to the tall tree over there. 他指向那边的大树。 2.point at + 人 / 物 指着（近距离，常含不礼貌） Don’t point at others. It’s rude. 不要指着别人，这很不礼貌。 3.point out 指出；点明 My teacher pointed out my mistakes in time. 老师及时指出了我的错误。 point 作动词 v.指 1.point to + 地点 指向（远处事物，侧重方向） He pointed to the tall tree over there. 他指向那边的大树。 2.point at + 人 / 物 指着（近距离，常含不礼貌） Don’t point at others. It’s rude. 不要指着别人，这很不礼貌。 3.point out 指出；点明 My teacher pointed out my mistakes in time. 老师及时指出了我的错误。 Make a point of （因重要或必要）保证做 “特意做某事、保证做某事”，强调主观上主动、刻意地去完成某个动作，突出对该事情的重视 【典例分析】 1. “I'll have that one，” she said, ________ a big chocolate cake. A． point at B． point to C． pointing out D． pointing at 2.You can’t stick your chopsticks ______ your food and you can’t point ______ anyone with them, either. A. in; to B. of; at C. for; to D. into; at 3.The p __________ is that she doesn't know how to do it. （根据句意及首字母提示写出单词。） 4.就我的观点而言，我不喜欢这本书。 ________ ________ _________ _________ _________. I don’t like this book. 5.这是一个简单的测试，用来证明我的观点 Here's a simple test to prove ________ ___________.  6.勒布朗詹姆斯在总决赛第二场中拿了33分。【篮球得分】 LeBron James _______ ________ ________ in the final Game 2. 要点14 Spend “四朵金花”（高频考题,重点训练） 【原句呈现】 That means it only takes about 90 minutes to go around the Earth! 这意味着 它绕地球一周只需要大约90分钟! 词汇 用法 spend 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： 1. spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱 2. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事 cost 主语是物或者某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法：“sth costs (sb)+金钱”,意为“某物花了（某人）多少钱” take 后面常跟双宾语，常用于以下结构： 1. “It takes sb +时间+to do sth” 做某事花费某人多少时间。 2. “doing sth takes sb +时间” 做某事花费某人多少时间。 pay 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： 1. pay (sb) money for sth. 为...付钱（给某人） 2. pay for sth. 付....的 钱 3. pay for sb. 替某人付钱 4. pay sb. 付钱给某人。 【典例分析】 一、单项选择： 1. It ______________ me two weeks to finish reading the novel written by Guo Jingming. A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost 2. The new T-shirt _______________ me fifty yuan. A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost 3.He ___________ twenty yuan for the book. A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent 4.I usually ____________ two hours on my homework every day. A. spend B. pay C. cost D. take 5.Jack usually __________ an hour ___________ his homework. A. takes, to do B. pays, for doing C. spends, on doing D. spends, doing 6.Lucy spends one hundred yuan ___________ books every month. A. on B. in C. with D. of 7.Little Tom usually spends his free time ___________ some reading at home. A. do B. doing 8.It took Lucy two days ___________ drawing this beautiful picture. A. to finish B. in finishing C. finishing D. finish 9.A smile ____________ nothing, but gives much. A. costs B. spends C. cost D. spend 二、选择正确的“花费”的适当形式填空。 1、It ______________ me about an hour to do my homework every day. 2、I ______________ an hour cleaning my office yesterday. 3、This heavy coat ______________ me 500 yuan. 4、I ______________ 50 yuan for the dictionary yesterday afternoon. 5、I ______________ two hours on this maths problem. At last, I worked it out. 三、完成句子。 1、他们花了两年建造这座大桥。 They __________ two years ___________ __________ this bridge. 2、他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。 _________ __________ them three years __________ build this road. 3、从这里走到车站花了我们半小时。 ________ ________ us thirty minutes ________ _______ from here to the station. 4、我花了两个小时才完成这篇作文。 It took me two hours __________ ____________ the composition. 5、我花三千元买了这部手机。 ________ ________ 3,000 yuan __________ the mobile phone. 要点15 see sb. do sth/ see sb. doing sth. 【原句呈现】 If you know when and where to look, you will see a tiny shiny object moving across the night sky. 如果你知道在何 时看往何处，你会看到一个小小的发光体在夜空中移动。 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事 / 看见某人经常做某事 ✅ 强调：全过程、经常性、动作已结束 see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 ✅ 强调：动作正在进行、片段瞬间 I saw him enter the room.我看见他走进了房间。（全程看完，动作结束）We often see old people exercise in the park. 我们经常看见老人在公园里锻炼。（习惯性动作） I saw him reading books just now.我刚才看见他正在看书。（当时正在进行） 【典例分析】 1.—Is Tom in the next room? —Well, it's hard to say. But I heard him _____ loudly when I passed by just now. A speak B. to speak C. spoken D. speaking 2.I saw some boys basketball on the playground. A. play B.to play C. played D. playing 3.He saw his mother___________(do)housework when he got up earlier. 4. I often see her ____________(dance) in the park. 要点16 destroy destroy：v. 摧毁；毁灭 There was a fire in the art gallery and several famous paintings were destroyed. 美术馆失了场火，烧毁了几张著名的油画。 The flood destroyed the city completely. 洪水完全毁掉了这座城市。 【辨析】damage, destroy与ruin damage, destroy 和ruin都有“破坏”的意思。damage 通常是指部分性地损坏，暗示损坏后价值、功能等会降低；destroy 通常指彻底地毁掉或毁灭，暗示无法或很难修复；ruin 指彻底地毁坏，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等。 The bridge was badly damaged by the earthquake. 桥被地震损坏得很严重。 Smoking will damage your health. 抽烟会损害你的健康。 The fire destroyed the building. 大火毁了这幢大楼。 The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。 【拓展】 (1)表示“毁坏”意思时，damage还可用作名词，且是不可数名词。 The flood caused serious damage to the crops. 洪水对庄稼造成了严重的损害。 【典例分析】 用damage, destroy的适当形式填空 1. The bus was badly _____________ when it hit the wall. 2.The building was ______________ in the earthquake. 3.The fire __________the building. 4.The flood caused serious__________ to the crops. 5.Smoking will _________your health. 6. The heavy storm ______ a lot of trees along the road. A. divided B. developed C. destroyed D. discovered 要点17 serve (1) serve sth. (with sth.)意为“提供某物(配某物)”； serve sth.to sb.＝serve sb. sth.，意为“用……款待某人”。如： 1 It serves delicious food. 它提供美味的食物。 ②He served us a big plate of chicken. 他给我们端上一大盘鸡肉。 (2)serve作动词，意为“够……吃(用)”。如： This dish will serve four people. 这盘菜够四个人吃。 (3)serve作动词，还意为“接待；服务”。如： Are you being served？有人接待您吗？ (4)有关serve的习惯用语：it serves sb. right (for doing sth.)某人咎由自取/罪有应得；serve your/its turn(在某方面或某期间)发挥作用；serve two masters 侍奉二主。 【拓展】 serve的名词是service，意为“服务，效劳”。 例如： He died in the service of his country. 他为国捐躯。 There is a good bus service into the city. 往市内的公共汽车十分方便。 【典例分析】 1.There will be a sale at the clothing store. Some clothes at half price will be ___________.   A. served B. played C. taken D. carried 2. Afternoon tea is _____in the dining room from 3 to 5 pm every day.     A. served  B. burned  C. cooked  D. eaten 3. 晚餐在晚上7点左右，甚至更晚些。 Dinner _______ ________ around 7 pm or ________ ________. 4.服务员给她端上了一杯果汁。 The waiter __________her (with) a glass of juice. =The waiter _________ a glass of juice ________her. 5.—Have you tried the newly opened restaurant in our community? —Yes, it has won my heart with delicious food and________ (serve) .Besides, it serves customers with free coffee. (用词的适当形式填空) 要点 18. While与when区别 while conj. 在……期间；当……的时候 【例句】 He was doing homework while I was cooking. 当我在做饭的时候，他在做家庭作业。 【辨析】while与when while 和 when都可以表示“当……的时候”。 (1)when后面可以接延续性动词和短暂性动词，若主从句表达将来发生的事情，要遵从“主将从现”原则；如果从句动作为过去时而且是短暂性动词，则主句用过去进行时。 I came in when/while he was reading. 他在看书时我走了进来。 He was reading when I came in. 我走进来时他正在看书。 When he comes back tomorrow, I will ring you up. 他明天回来的时候，我会打电话给你。 (2)while后面只能接延续性动词，常用进行时态；如若主句的动作也是延续性的，则构成“...be doing while...be doing...”。 Mum was washing clothes while Dad was reading a newspaper. 爸爸在看报纸的时候，妈妈在洗衣服。 【拓展】 (1)while n. 一会儿 She likes to lie down for a while after lunch. 她喜欢午饭后躺一会儿。 2)while conj. 而；然而(表示对比) Some people waste food while others haven’t enough. 有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。 【典例分析】 1.There is plenty of rain in the south_______ there is little in the north in China. A. while B. as C. when 2.—_________did the bell ring? — _________we were having dinner, the bell rang. A. While; When B. When; While C. While; While 3.当我在做饭的时候，他在做家庭作业。 He _________ ___________homework __________ I was cooking. 4.我走进来时他正在看书。 He __________ ___________ _________ I came in. 知识要点二、语法 1. 过去进行时的构成： 肯定句形式：主语+was/were+动词的现在分词. 否定句形式：主语+was not(wasn’t)/were not(weren’t)+动词的现在分词. 一般疑问句形式：Was/Were+主语+动词的现在分词? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语+was not (wasn’t)/ were not (weren’t). 2. 过去进行时的基本用法： (1)描述过去特定时间点正在进行的动作，常与“at+ 过去时间点”“this time yesterday” 等时间状语连用。 At 9 o'clock last Sunday,we were having a party.上 周日9点，我们正在举办派对 。 (2)描述过去某段时间内持续进行的动作，常与“from ...to ...”“during … .” 等时间状语搭配。 She was studying English from 7 to 9 yesterday morning. 昨天早上7点到9点，她一直在学英语。 (3)用于复合句中，描述一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行，常用 when 或 while 引导。 when 引导的从句常用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。 I was cooking when the phone rang. 电话铃响时，我正在做饭。 while 引导的从句和主句可都用过去进行时，表示两个动作同时进行。 While my mother was washing clothes,I was doing my homework. 妈妈在洗衣服时，我在做作业。 (4)when和while表示“当……的时候”时，when后面通常接短暂性动词的一般时态，while后面通常接持续性动词的进行时态。 3.常见易混点辨析 过去进行时vs 一般过去时： 过去进行时侧重动作“持续进行的过程”;一般过去时侧重动作“已完成的 结果”。 He read a book yesterday.他昨天读了一本书。(强调“读了”这个完成的动作。) He was reading a book at 3 p.m.yesterday. 昨天下午3点，他正在看书。(强 调“看书”这个持续的过程。) 【典例分析】 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. While we ________________(wait)for the bus, a girl ________ (run)up to us. 2. I ________________(telephone)a friend when Bob____________ (come)in. 3. Jim ___________(jump)on the bus as it __________ (move)away. 4. While mother _______________(put)Cathy to bed, the door bell ___________(ring). 5. As I _____________ (walk)in the park, it _________(begin)to rain. 6. We _______________(test)the new machine when the electricity __________(go)off. 7. He said he _____________ (help) his sister with homework at that time. 8. While we _____________ (wait) for the bus, an old man fell down. 知识要点三、书面表达 【话题分析】 写一篇关于航天员的文章 本单元围绕“太空探索的意义与挑战” 展开，核心探讨 “中国在太空探索方面取得了哪些成就” 这一关键问题。通过宇航员太空生活纪实、太空垃圾危害、天宫空间站发展、北斗导航系统应用等内容，呈现了太空探索的多维度价值。写作这一环节重点介绍中国太空成就和宇航员。同时培养学生描述太空生活、讨论太空探索利弊这一类短文，也要能将这单元语言点应用到作文中。写作时请注意以下要点： 一、学习如何描述人物生平、成就和品质。 二、掌握科技类文章的写作特点。 三、注意使用准确的时间顺序和事实依据。 文章结构 开头：介绍宇航员的基本信息（姓名、出生、早期梦想），点明其航天身份。 中间：描述其关键航天经历（任务时间、核心贡献、太空工作细节），结合过去进行时描述任务中具 体场景。获得的荣誉称号、奖项。 结尾：总结其成就与精神品质，体现出的优秀品质和航天精神。 【通用表达】 常用句型 / 表达： · ...is one of China's most famous astronauts. He/She was born in... · When he/she was little, he/she dreamed of... · He/She was selected as an astronaut in... and participated in... mission. · During the mission, he/she was responsible for... While his/her teammates were..., he/she was... · He/She has made great contributions to China's space exploration and is respected 【经典范文】 When Nie Haisheng was little, he loved planes and often dreamt of flying. While the other children were playing, Nie was studying hard. He was determined to make his dream come true. “I’ve never given up, and I’m always ready to face the next challenge,” said Nie. On 12 October 2005, he finally went on his first space flight in the Shenzhou-6 spacecraft. Although the mission only lasted for 5 days, he enjoyed the flight a lot. Then, in 2013 and 2021,Nie served as commander on the Shenzhou-10 and Shenzhou-12 missions. The latter made him one of the first three astronauts to live and work on China's Tiangong space station. They did different kinds of experiments and even performed a spacewalk! Their mission lasted 93 days. Nie was given the title “Heroic Astronaut” to recognize his great work. In addition, the asteroid 9517Niehaisheng was named after him. 【实战演练一】 请根据下面信息，写一篇介绍宇航员陈冬的文章。 时间 / 类别 Chen Dong (born in February 1978) When he was little ◆ loved science and technology ◆ dreamed of exploring space ◆ was curious about the unknown 1997 ◆ joined the Air Force 2010 ◆ was selected as a member of China's second group of astronauts 17 Oct 2016-18 Apr 2017 ◆ Shenzhou-11 mission ◆ stayed on the Tiangong-2 space lab for 33 days 5 Jun 2022-7 Dec 2022 ◆ Shenzhou-14 (commander) ◆ led the construction of the Tiangong space station ◆ completed three extravehicular activities Honours and titles ◆ awarded the title "Heroic Astronaut" ◆ recipient of national honorary medals Quote ◆ "Space exploration is full of challenges, but I will keep moving forward for our country." ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【实战演练二】 有些人认为地球上的问题已经够多了，不应该花费大量资源探索太空。对此，你有何看法？请以"Why Space Exploration is Important"为题，写一篇短文。 支持观点： 1.推动科学技术进步 2.寻找新的资源和生存空间 3.增进人类对宇宙的认识 4.激发年轻人对科学的兴趣 反对观点： 1.耗费大量资金，应该先解决地球问题 2.太空探索有风险，可能造成人员伤亡 3.产生太空垃圾，污染宇宙环境 4.技术可能被用于军事目的 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $