Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 单元练习卷 2025-2026学年沪教版五四学制英语八年级下册

Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 单元练习卷

2026年8年级下学期英语

（沪教版五四学制2024版上海专用）

(总分：100分，考试时间：90分钟)

姓名：________ 班级：________ 学号：________ 得分：________

 

Part 2 Grammar and vocabulary (第二部分 语法与词汇)

 

 II. 语法填空 (共10题，每题1分，共10分)

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Have you ever wondered how great discoveries are made? Often, they happen ___1___ accident. One such story is about Sir Alexander Fleming. In 1928, he was a scientist studying bacteria. Before he went on holiday, he ___2___ left some dirty Petri dishes (培养皿) in his lab. When he returned, he noticed that mould (霉菌) had grown on one dish. ___3___ his surprise, the bacteria near the mould had died.

Fleming realized the mould might be something special. He ___4___ produce something that could kill bacteria. This discovery didn't happen ___. He spent months doing experiments to confirm his finding. He found that the mould could ___5___ to stop bacteria from growing. He named it "penicillin".

However, Fleming’s work was almost forgotten for ten years. It was during World War II ___6___ two other scientists, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, continued the research. They needed to produce a large amount of penicillin quickly. The British government couldn’t afford to build big factories alone, ___7___ the USA helped. They developed a method to mass-produce the drug.

Penicillin has since ___8___ millions of lives. It can treat serious illnesses like malaria. It is one of the most ___9___ medical discoveries in history. The discovery of penicillin truly changed the ___10___ of medicine and saved countless soldiers and civilians.

 

 1.  A. to           B. by         C. for

 2.  A. had          B. has          C. is having

 3.  A. In           B. At           C. To

 4.  A. might        B. should        C. must

 5.  A. be used       B. use          C. using

 6.  A. which        B. that          C. when

 7.  A. but          B. so            C. or

 8.  A. save         B. saving         C. saved

 9.  A. important     B. more important  C. most important

 10. A. course        B. cause          C. coast

 

III. 选词填空 (共2篇，每篇4空，每空1分，共8分)

从下面方框中选择合适的词语，并用其正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每个词语限用一次。

A. discovery  B. totally  C. ancient  D. looked for  E. illness

In ____1____ China, a special kind of medical treatment was developed. It is called Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). A key ____2____ in TCM is the use of herbs (草药). One famous story is about Shennong, a legendary ruler. He ____3____ hundreds of herbs to understand their effects. He tested them on himself to find cures for every ____4____. His work laid the foundation for TCM, which is still widely practiced today.

 

A. by accident  B. passed through  C. to one's surprise  D. volunteered  E. economic

 

Wilhelm Röntgen was a German physicist. In 1895, he was doing an experiment with a cathode ray tube (阴极射线管). He covered the tube with black paper. Then, he noticed a screen across the room was glowing. He realized that an unknown kind of ray had ____1____ the black paper and the screen. He called this new ray "X-ray". Röntgen ____2____ to test the new ray on his wife’s hand, and the famous image of her bones appeared. ____3____, this invention had a huge ____4____ impact, revolutionizing medicine and industry.

 IV. 词性转换 (共8题，每题1分，共8分)

根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.  The Silk Road was an important ________ (economy) bridge between the East and the West.

2.  After years of hard work, Tu Youyou finally made a great ________ (discover).

3.  This new medical ________ (treat) can help patients recover faster.

4.  Please clean the lab ________ (thorough) before you leave.

5.  My father bought two new ________ (fishnet) for our fishing trip.

6.  The teacher asked us to write a report on the ________ (four) invention we talked about.

7.  ________ (volunteer) to help others can bring you a lot of happiness.

8.  Many ________ (social) problems were solved by the new policy.

 V. 句型转换 (共7题，每空1分，共14分)

根据要求完成下列句子，每空一词。

1.  Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin by accident. (改为一般疑问句)

    ________ Alexander Fleming ________ penicillin by accident?

2.  The invention of the wheel was very important for human development. (改为感叹句)

    ________ ________ the invention of the wheel was for human development!

3.  Let's take a closer look at this ancient medical book, ________ ________? (改为反意疑问句)

4.  Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin. She saved millions of lives. (改为同义句)

    Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin, ________ ________ millions of lives.

5.  "Is the low-heat method effective?" The young scientist asked the professor. (改为宾语从句)

    The young scientist asked the professor ________ the low-heat method ________ effective.

6.  People widely use the telephone in their daily communication. (改为被动语态)

    The telephone ________ widely ________ in their daily communication.

7.  连词成句：lit, idea, an, experiment, up, on, doing, the, electricity, scientist, a, was, when. (注意标点)

    _________________________________________________________________________

 

 Part 3 Reading Comprehension (第三部分 阅读理解)

 VI. 阅读理解

A篇 (共6小题，每小题2分，满分12分)