期末复习Unit 1-4 语法高频考点、重难点讲义 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

2026-05-11
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语人教版八年级下册
年级 八年级
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类型 教案-讲义
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使用场景 同步教学-期末
学年 2026-2027
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Unit 1-4 语法高频考点、重难点讲义 ◇Part 01 动词不定式作宾语补足语和状语 考点一、动词不定式基本形式: · 基本形式为“to+动词原形”,否定式直接在to前加not,为“not to+动词原形”。 · 没有人称和数的变化,不能作谓语。 · 在某些情况下动词不定式可以省略to,但它不是原形。 例:I hope to see you at the party. 我希望在聚会上见到你。 My father told me not to be scared of making mistakes when learning a new hobby.我父亲告诉我,在学习一 项新爱好时不要害怕犯错。 Let me do it for you.让我来替你做.(省略to) 【即讲即练】 1.The instructor told me ________ give up so easily. A.not to B.to not C.don’t D.not 【答案】A 【详解】句意:教练告诉我不要轻易放弃。tell sb not to do sth表示“告诉某人不要做某事”,不定式的否定结构是在to前面加not。 2.Mom asks me ________ too much time on online games. A.don’t spend B.not to spend C.not spend 【答案】B 【详解】句意:妈妈让我不要在网络游戏上花太多时间。“ask sb. (not) to do sth.”是固定搭配,意为“让某人(不要)做某事”。此处表示“不要花时间”,应用“not to spend”。 考点二、动词不定式作目的状语 · 动词不定式在句子中可以作目的状语,一般放在被修饰词之后,为了强调也可放在句首。 · 动词不定式可和in order或so as构成词组,即“in order to do”或“so as to do”。“in order to do”可以放句首,也可以放后面,“so as to do”不能放句首,只能放后面。 例:To get there on time, they started early. = They started early to get there on time.为了准时赶到那儿,他 们很早就出发了。 We would do everything in order to / so as to help him.我们愿意尽一切力量帮助他, 【即讲即练】 1.—Why do you practise calligraphy every day? —________ my handwriting and relax myself. A.Improve B.Improving C.Improved D.To improve 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——你为什么每天练习书法?——为了提高我的书写水平并放松自己。根据问句“Why”可知,询问目的,答句应用动词不定式作目的状语,表示“为了……”,应填To improve。 2.Fu Xing will go to Beijing next week ________ a wonderful holiday. A.had B.has C.have D.to have 【答案】D 【详解】句意:傅星下周要去北京度过一个美好的假期。分析句子可知,“去北京”的目的是“度过一个美好的假期”,作目的状语用动词不定式。 3.________ avoid traffic jams, he leaves home at 6 a.m. every morning. A.So as to B.In order that C.In order to D.So that 【答案】C 【详解】句意:为了避免交通堵塞,他每天早上6点就出门。So as to为了,只能用于句中;In order that为了,后需接从句;In order to为了,后接动词原形;So that为了,后需接从句。空格后“avoid”是动词原形形式,所以此处应用in order to引导目的状语,位于句首,首字母要大写。 考点三、动词不定式作结果状语: · 动词不定式在句子中还可以作结果状语。 · 作结果状语常用在“ (not) enough to... (不)足以......”、以及“too...to... 太......不能...... ”等结构中的。 例:This question is too difficult for me to answer. 这个问题对我来说太难了以至于我答不上来。 The book is easy enough for a seven-year-old boy to read.这本书对一个七岁的男孩来说读起来足够容易。 【即讲即练】 1.After hearing the good news, my uncle was ________ excited ________ say a word. A.too...for B.so...that C.too...to 【答案】C 【详解】句意:听到这个好消息后,我叔叔激动得说不出话来。too...for搭配错误;so...that如此……以至于……,后需接完整从句;too...to太……而不能……,后接动词原形。句子表达太激动而说不出话来,后面加动词原形, 用too...to结构。 2.The question is ________. A.too hard for us to understand it B.hard enough for us to understand it C.hard enough for us to understand D.too hard for us to understand 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这个问题太难了,我们理解不了。根据句式结构可知,此处是“too+形容词+for sb. to do”结构,意为“太……以至于某人不能做某事”。在该结构中,当句子的主语“The question”同时又是动词不定式“understand”的逻辑宾语时,不定式后面不能再加代词“it”,否则会造成成分冗余。D选项符合标准语法要求。 3.Sadly, the workers are too busy ________. They have to keep working until the work is done. A.taking a break B.to take a break C.not to take a break D.that they take a break 【答案】B 【详解】句意:遗憾的是,工人们太忙了而不能休息。他们必须一直工作直到工作完成。too...to...意为“太……而不能……”,too后接形容词或副词,to后接动词原形。根据后句“他们必须一直工作”可知,工人们忙得无法休息。taking a break为动名词形式,不符合该句型结构;“too...to...”本身已包含否定含义,和not to take a break中的not造成语义重复;too不和that they take a break连用,正确结构为“so...that...”。应填to take a break。 4.The library is quiet ________ ________ read in. I like studying there. A.too; to B.enough; to C.so; that D.very; that 【答案】B 【详解】句意:图书馆足够安静可以在里面读书。我喜欢在那里学习。too...to意为“太……而不能……”,表否定含义;so...that意为“如此……以至于……”,that后需接完整从句;enough...to意为“足够……去做……”,表肯定含义。根据后句“I like studying there”可知此处为肯定含义,且第二空后为动词原形,符合enough...to结构。故选B。 考点四、动词不定式作宾语补足语 · 在advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, expect, press, request, teach, warn、encourage等词后可以用不定式作宾语补足语(不止上述所列,平时需注意积累)。 · 在感觉动词,如feel, see, hear, watch, notice等,和使役动词,如make, let, have等,后用不定式作宾语补足语时常省略to。 · 动词help之后,动词不定式作宾语补足语可带to,亦可不带to。 · 上述不定式作宾语补足语在主动语态的句子中省略to的不定式,当句子由主动语态转为被动语态时,不定式中省略的to要加上。 例:The teacher encouraged us to express our own ideas about after-school activities.老师鼓励我们表达自己对课 后活动的想法。 I made him work hard.我迫使他加劲干。 I was made to do my homework the whole night.我被迫整晚做作业. Can you help me (to) move this table?你能帮我移动一下这张桌子吗? 【注意】感官动词可以用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,也可以用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,用不定式 着重于动作的全过程或动作的经常性,用动词-ing形式则是强调当时动作正在进行。 例:She saw her sister painting a beautiful painting when she walked past her room.当她经过她的房间时,她看见 她的姐姐正在画一幅美丽的画。 I saw him get into the teachers’ office. 我看见他进了老师的办公室。 【即讲即练】 1.Online museums allow people ________ art and learn about world history without leaving home. A.to experience B.to experiencing C.experience D.experiencing 【答案】A 【详解】句意:在线博物馆让人们不用离开家就能体验艺术和了解世界历史。allow sb. to do sth. 意为“允许某人做某事”,因此空格处应用动词不定式,应填to experience。 2.My cousin often asks me ________ kites with her when it’s windy. A.fly B.to fly C.flying 【答案】B 【详解】句意:刮风的时候,我的表妹经常叫我和她一起放风筝。固定搭配ask sb. to do sth.意为“要求/叫某人做某事”,此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。应填to fly。 3.The school often advises the students ________ some chores at home to help their busy parents. A.doing B.to do C.do 【答案】B 【详解】句意:学校经常建议学生在家做一些家务来帮助他们忙碌的父母。doing做,动名词或动词的现在分词;to do做,动词不定式;do做,动词原形。advise sb. to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“建议某人做某事”,此处用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 4.Doing yoga helps me ________ stress. A.reduce B.to reduce C.reducing D.both A and B 【答案】D 【详解】句意:做瑜伽帮助我减轻压力。 help sb (to) do sth表示“帮助某人做某事”,宾语补足语既可以用动词原形,也可以用带to的不定式,reduce和to reduce均符合语法规则。 5.—Do you like country music? —Yes, it often makes me ________ relaxed and happy. A.to feel B.feel C.feeling D.felt 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你喜欢乡村音乐吗?——是的,它经常让我感到放松和快乐。make作使役动词时,后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,结构为“make sb. do sth.”,意为“使某人做某事”,因此空处应填动词feel的原形。 考点五、动词不定式作宾语(拓展) · 动词不定式可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语,常见的有:begin, want, remember, agree, learn, like, decide, fail, refuse等(不止上述所列,平时需注意积累)。 · 有些动词,如:tell, advise, show, teach, know, forget, learn , remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, decide, discuss等后面,常用带疑问词(how to do、where to do、whether to do、what to do)的不定式作宾语. 例:I want to tell you a story.我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning.他们每天早上八点开始工作。 We asked how to get to the station.我们问怎么到达车站。 【即讲即练】 1.Yaming spent hours ________ single strokes when he started ________ calligraphy. A.to practise; do B.practising; to do C.practise; doing 【答案】B 【详解】句意:亚明刚开始学习书法时,花了好几个小时练习单笔画。第一空,固定用法spend time (in) doing sth. 表示“花费时间做某事”,所以用practising;第二空,start to do sth. 或start doing sth. 都表示“开始做某事”,均可;C项虽用doing,但因第一空应为practising 而非practise,故排除C,答案选B。 2.They prefer ________ TV or listen to music rather than ________ newspapers. A.watching; to read B.to watch; read C.to watch; reading 【答案】B 【详解】句意:他们宁愿看电视或听音乐,也不愿看报纸。prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.是固定搭配,意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”,因此前面用to watch,rather than后用动词原形read。 3.Julie couldn’t choose a gift, so she decided ________ her father for advice. A.ask B.asking C.asked D.to ask 【答案】D 【详解】句意:朱莉选不出礼物,所以她决定去问她的父亲寻求建议。固定搭配decide to do sth.表示“决定做某事”,decide后接动词不定式。故填to ask。 4.The teacher told us ________ to stay safe in a snowstorm. A.what B.how C.when D.where 【答案】B 【详解】句意:老师告诉我们在暴风雪中如何保持安全。what什么;how如何;when何时;where哪里。根据“to stay safe in a snowstorm”可知,此处指的是保持安全的方式方法,应用how引导不定式作宾语。 5.My English is poor. Could you please tell me ________ to remember the new words? A.how B.what C.when D.where 【答案】A 【详解】 句意:我的英语很差。你能告诉我如何记住新单词吗?how如何、怎样;what什么;when何时;where哪里。由“remember the new words”可知,句子询问的是“记住新单词的方式方法”,how表示“如何、怎样”,符合语境。 6.John agreed ________ his sister with her science project after she explained how important it was. A.help B.helping C.to help 【答案】C 【详解】句意:在她解释了科学项目有多重要之后,约翰同意帮助他的妹妹做她的科学项目。固定搭配agree to do sth. 意为“同意做某事”,agree后接动词不定式作宾语。 考点六、动词不定式作主语(拓展) · 动词不定式可以作主语,为避免“头重脚轻”常用it作形式主语。常用句型有: ①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为"做某事对某人来说是……"。 在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。 ②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为"做某事花费某人多长时间" 【即讲即练】 1.It’s polite ________ loudly in public libraries. A.to talk B.not to talk C.not talk 【答案】B 【详解】句意:在公共图书馆不大声说话是礼貌的。“It’s + adj. + (not) to do sth.”,不定式的否定结构是在to前加not。根据语境,在图书馆大声说话是不礼貌的,语义需要用不定式的否定形式not to talk。 2.It’s necessary for us ________ to communicate politely with foreign guests. A.learn B.learning C.to learn D.learned 【答案】C 【详解】句意:对我们来说学会礼貌地与外宾交流是有必要的。 learn学习,动词原形;learning,动名词/现在分词;to learn学习,动词不定式;learned,过去式/过去分词。根据“It’s necessary for us…”可知,此处考查句型“It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.”,意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”,it 作形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式。 3.It’s important ________ us ________ a good home for animals. A.of; to build B.for; to build C.for; build D.of; build 【答案】B 【详解】句意:为动物们建造一个美好的家园对我们来说很重要。 本句是固定句型It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.,it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正主语,应填for;to build。 ◇Part 02 should、could和反身代词的用 考点一、should的用法 · should为情态动词,否定式为shouldn’t,其后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。 · 一般疑问句把should提到主语前面,回答时也用should来回答。 · should用于表达某种义务或责任,如基于道德、法律或者大家一致的共识上的义务或责任,意为“应该”。 · should用于提出某种主观认为合理正确的建议或劝告,意为“应该”。 例:—Should I put ice on the cut? 我应该在伤口上敷冰块吗? —Yes, you should. It can reduce swelling. 是的,(你)应该敷。这样能减轻肿胀。 —What’s wrong with you? 你怎么了? —I have a stomachache. You shouldn’t eat spicy food. 我胃疼。你不应该吃辣的食物。 【即讲即练】 1.You ________ eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your health. A.should B.shouldn’t C.need D.needn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意:你不应该吃太多垃圾食品。这对你的健康有害。 should应该;shouldn’t不应该;need需要;needn’t不必。根据“It’s bad for your health.”可知,吃太多垃圾食品对健康有害,所以建议是不应该吃太多。 2.—Mom, I have a sore throat. I feel terrible. —You _______ eat all that spicy hot pot last night. I told you it was too much. A.should B.shouldn’t C.needn’t D.need 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——妈妈,我喉咙痛。我感觉很糟糕。——你昨晚不应该吃那么多辛辣火锅。我告诉过你太多了。 should应该;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必;need需要。根据“I have a sore throat.”和“I told you it was too much.”可知,孩子喉咙痛是因为昨晚吃了辛辣火锅,妈妈在责备孩子昨晚不该吃,故填shouldn’t。 3.You look pale. You ________ see a doctor. A.should B.could C.may D.would 【答案】A 【详解】句意:你脸色苍白。你应该去看医生。 should应该;could可以;may可能;would将会。根据“You look pale”可知对方身体状况不佳,此处是向对方提出建议,should常用于表示建议,意为“应该”,符合语境。故选A。 4.We ________ keep quiet in the library. It’s one of the library rules. A.can B.may C.should 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我们应该在图书馆里保持安静,这是图书馆的规则之一。 can能够、可以;may可以、可能;should应该。根据后半句“It’s one of the library rules”可知,在图书馆保持安静是我们必须遵守的行为规范,should用于表达责任、义务和规范要求,符合语境。 5.—Hefei has changed so much these years. It’s now a center for science and technology. —Right! So we ________ protect its environment and develop green spaces for everyone to enjoy. A.can B.may C.should D.need 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——合肥这些年变化太大了。现在它是一个科学技术中心。——是的!所以我们应该保护它的环境并开发绿色空间供每个人享受。 can能,可以;may可能,可以;should应该;need需要。根据对话语境可知,鉴于合肥的发展成就,保护环境和开发绿色空间是大家应尽的责任,表示“应该”做某事用should。 6.Everyone plays a different role in the family and each member ________ try to play his own role well. A.should B.shouldn’t C.can’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意:每个人在家庭中都扮演着不同的角色,每个成员应该努力扮演好自己的角色。 should应该;shouldn’t不应该;can’t不能。根据“Everyone plays a different role in the family”可知每个人都有自己的角色,因此推测每个成员都应该努力扮演好自己的角色,表责任或建议。应填should。 7.When we help others, we ________ be patient and warm-hearted. A.should B.can C.mustn’t D.needn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意:当我们帮助他人时,我们应该有耐心和热心。 should应该;can能/可以;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必。根据题干“When we help others”及常识可知,帮助他人时“应该”有耐心和热心,应填should。 考点二、could的用法 · could为情态动词,其后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。 · could可以作can的过去式用,表示过去的某种能力及过去情况的可能性。 · 用于表达语气更为客气、婉转的请求,这时不表示can的过去式。无论请求用can还是could,肯定回答必须用can,否定回答用can't。当表达允许他人做某事时,只能用can回答,不能用could。 · could还可以‌提出建议‌,当使用“could”提出建议时,语气更加委婉和礼貌。 例:Jim could recite (背诵) more than 100 poems at the age of three.吉姆在三岁时能背诵100多首诗。 —Jim, could I use your computer?吉姆,我可以用一下你的电脑吗? —Yes, of course you can.当然可以 【即讲即练】 1.—________ you pass the dictionary to me, please? —Sure. Here you are. A.Must B.Need C.Could 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你能把字典递给我吗?——当然可以。给你。 Must必须;Need需要;Could可以,能够。根据答语“Sure. Here you are.”可知,此处是表示请求,应填Could。 2.—________ you run very fast now, Grandpa? —No, I am afraid not. But I ________ when I was young. A.Could; could B.Can; could C.Could; can D.Can; can 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——爷爷,你现在能跑很快吗?——不,恐怕不能。但我年轻时能。 can能;could能,是can的过去式。第一空根据时间状语“now”可知,询问现在的能力,应用Can;第二空根据“when I was young”可知,描述过去的能力,应用Could。 3.I ________ run very fast when I was in primary school, but now I can because I’m stronger. A.can’t B.couldn’t C.may not D.needn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我在小学的时候不能跑得非常快,但现在我可以了,因为我更强壮了。 can’t不能;couldn’t不能 (过去式);may not可能不;needn’t不必。根据“when I was in primary school”可知,描述的是过去的情况,需用过去式;结合“but now I can”可知,此处是指过去是没有能力跑快,couldn’t符合语境。 4.______ you please help me carry the heavy box? A.Should B.Must C.Could D.Need 【答案】C 【详解】句意:你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗? Should应该;Must必须;Could能,可以;Need需要。根据句中的“please”及语境可知,此处是向对方提出委婉请求,常用“Could you please...?”句型,Could符合语境。 5.—______ I ask you a personal question? —Of course you can. A.Should B.Could C.Must D.Need 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我可以问你一个私人问题吗?——当然可以。 Should应该;Could可以,能;Must必须;Need需要。根据答语“Of course you can.”可知,问句是在请求许可,Could用于疑问句表示委婉地请求许可,语气更客气,符合语境。 ◇Part 03 反身代词的用法 考点一、反身代词的概念和构成 · 反身代词是表示动作回到其执行者本身或是要强调代词本身。 · 反身代词是由人称代词第一人称和第二人称的形容词性物主代词和第三人称的宾格加“-self”或“-selves”构成如下: 单数 复数 第一人称 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 yourself你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 himself他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 themselves 他们/她们/它们自己 · 反身代词用于固定搭配中: by oneself 独自、enjoy oneself过得很快活、teach oneself自学、lose oneself=lose one's way 迷路 例:She taught herself to play the piano. 她自学弹钢琴。 They enjoyed themselves at the sports meeting yesterday.他们在昨天运动会上玩得很开心。 That poor boy was myself。那可怜的孩子就是我。 【即讲即练】 1.—Mary, where did you get this red lantern? —I made it by ________. It’s beautiful, isn’t it? A.herself B.yourself C.myself 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——玛丽,你在哪里得到这个红灯笼的?——我自己制作的。它很漂亮,不是吗? herself她自己;yourself你自己;myself我自己。根据答句主语“I”可知,动作发出者是“我”,应使用myself。 2.—How do you like your school life? —It’s great! We can enjoy ________ in different clubs. A.us B.our C.ourselves 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你觉得你的学校生活怎么样?——太棒了!我们可以在不同的俱乐部里玩得很开心。 us我们,宾格;our我们的,形容词性物主代词;ourselves我们自己,反身代词。根据“It’s great!”可知,此处表示“玩得很开心”,固定短语enjoy oneself“玩得开心”,所以此处应填ourselves。 3.Nothing can stop us if we believe in ________ and work hard together. A.ourselves B.you C.yourselves D.us 【答案】A 【详解】句意:如果我们相信自己并一起努力,没有什么能阻止我们。    ourselves我们自己;you你/你们;yourselves你们自己;us我们,宾格。根据主语“we”可知,此处应是“相信我们自己”,用反身代词“ourselves”。应填ourselves。 4.The old man enjoys ________ while doing Baduanjin because it brings him a peaceful feeling. A.he B.him C.his D.himself 【答案】D 【详解】句意:老人玩八段锦很开心,因为它给他带来了一种平静的感觉。 he他,人称代词主格;him他,人称代词宾格;his他的,形容词性物主代词;himself他自己,反身代词。根据主语“The old man”可知,动作的承受者也是老人自己,当主语和宾语指代同一人时,宾语应用反身代词,且enjoy oneself为固定搭配,意为“过得愉快”。 5.My sister taught ________ how to cook when she was ten. A.her B.she C.herself D.hers 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我姐姐十岁时自学了如何烹饪。 her她/她的;she她;herself她自己;hers她的。当宾语与主语指代同一人时,使用反身代词,teach oneself意为“自学”,根据主语My sister可知应用herself。故选C。 6.World Wetlands Day is coming on February 2nd. We plan to make a poster by ________. A.himself B.yourself C.ourselves 【答案】C 【详解】句意:世界湿地日将于2月2日到来。我们计划自己制作一张海报。 himself他自己;yourself你自己;ourselves我们自己。根据“We plan to make a poster”可知,是我们自己制作海报,应填ourselves。 7.Teenagers should learn to solve problems by ________ instead of depending on parents. A.them B.theirs C.themselves 【答案】C 【详解】句意:青少年应该学会靠他们自己解决问题,而不是依赖父母。 them他们;theirs他们的;themselves他们自己。固定短语by oneself表示“独自;靠某人自己”,主语Teenagers是复数,对应的反身代词是themselves。 ◇Part 04 although、until和so that的用法 考点一、although引导让步状语从句 · although意为“尽管、虽然”,引导让步状语从句,强调“前后语义的转折”。 · although引导的从句可以在前,也可以在后,从句在前,通常需要用逗号和主句隔开。 · although引导让步状语从句,这时主句不能再和but一起使用。 · although和though引导让步状语从句时可以互换,although比though更正式,后者更口语化。 例: Although Mary is just a student in Grade Seven, she knows computer skills very well.虽然玛丽只是一名七 年级的学生,但她电脑技能很好。 Although / Though you argued, you are still very close friends.尽管你们吵架了,你们仍然是非常亲密的朋 友。 【即讲即练】 1.________ the math problem is difficult, I’ll try very hard to work it out. A.Until B.Though C.Before D.After 【答案】B 【详解】句意:虽然这道数学题很难,但我会非常努力地去解出来。 Until直到……为止;Though虽然;Before在……之前;After在……之后。根据“the math problem is difficult”及“I’ll try very hard to work it out”可知,前后句存在让步关系,表示“虽然”难但会努力解,应用Though引导让步状语从句。 2.________ there is little hope to win the match, they will never give up. A.But B.Although C.Because D.As if 【答案】B 【详解】句意:虽然赢得比赛的希望渺茫,但他们永远不会放弃。 But 但是;Although 虽然;Because 因为;As if 好像。根据“there is little hope to win the match”与“they will never give up”可知,前后句存在让步关系,表示“虽然……但是……”,Although引导让步状语从句符合语境。 3.—Kate, how do you like the school labor activity? —Wonderful! ________ it was hard work, it brought me a strong sense of achievement. A.Although B.Unless C.If 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——凯特,你觉得学校劳动活动怎么样?——太棒了!虽然工作辛苦,但带给我强烈的成就感。 Although虽然/尽管;Unless除非;If如果。根据“it was hard work”与“it brought me a strong sense of achievement”可知,前后句意存在让步关系,表示“虽然工作辛苦,但很有成就感”,应用Although引导让步状语从句。选项A符合题意。 4.As a teenager, I can look after myself ________ it’s not easy for me. A.although B.because C.if D.so that 【答案】A 【详解】句意:作为一名青少年,我能照顾好自己,虽然这对我来说并不容易。 although虽然;because因为;if如果;so that为了。根据“As a teenager, I can look after myself…it’s not easy for me”可知,前后句意存在让步关系,虽然照顾自己不容易,但是我还是能做到的,用although引导让步状语从句。 考点二、until的用法 · until意为“直到……为止”,可以作连词,引导时间状语从句,也可以作介词,接时间名词。 · until强调“动作一直持续到until从句表示的时间点为止”,这时主句的动词为延续性的。 · until用在否定句中,构成“not... until...”结构,意为“直到……才”,表示的是主句动作直到从句表示的时间点之后才开始,这时主句动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。 · 在引导时间状语或从句时,通常可互相替换,但until可置于句首,需用逗号分隔,till通常置于主句后,较少用于句首。 例:Cook the potatoes in the pan until they’re soft.在平底锅里煮土豆,直到它们变软。 I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework last night.昨晚我直到完成作业才睡觉。 Until he finishes work, we can’t start. 他完成工作前,我们不能开始。 Your parents won’t know how you feel until/till you talk to them.直到你和父母交谈,他们才会知道你的感 受。 【即讲即练】 1.Go along this street ________ you get to the second crossing, and you’ll see the library. A.when B.until C.after 【答案】B 【详解】句意:沿着这条街走,直到你到达第二个十字路口,你就会看到图书馆。 根据“Go along this street...you get to the second crossing”可知,此处表示沿着这条街走的动作持续进行,“直到”到达第二个十字路口为止,until引导时间状语从句符合语境。 2.You won’t truly know the power of hard work ________ you learn the spirit of Chinese table tennis team. A.until B.after C.though D.whether 【答案】A 【详解】句意:直到你学习了中国乒乓球队的精神,你才会真正知道努力的力量。 until直到……为止;after在……之后;though虽然;whether是否。根据“You won't truly know... ________ you learn...”可知,此处考查“not...until...”句型,意为“直到……才……”,符合语境,应填until。 3.We didn’t know Su Yiming well ________ he won the Winter Olympics gold medal. A.after B.until C.when 【答案】B 【详解】句意:直到苏翊鸣赢得冬奥会金牌,我们才很好地了解他。 after在……之后;until直到……为止;when当……时候。根据“We didn’t know Su Yiming well…he won…”可知,句中含有否定词didn’t,构成“not…until…”固定搭配,意为“直到……才……”,符合语境逻辑。 4.My mother didn’t go to bed ________ I got home last night. She was worried about me. A.until B.if C.when D.since 【答案】A 【详解】句意:昨晚直到我到家,我妈妈才去睡觉。她很担心我。 until直到……为止;if如果;when当……时候;since自从。根据“My mother didn’t go to bed ... I got home last night.”可知,此处表示直到我到家,妈妈才去睡觉,not...until...意为“直到……才……”。 考点三、so that的用法 · so that意为“以便,以至于”,引导目的状语从句。 · so that引导目的状语从句可与“in order that”互换。 · “so that”引导目的状语从句,“so...that”意为“如此……以至于”,引导结果从句,“so...that”中的so修饰形容词/副词。 例:Walk closer so that we can see the pictures clearly. 走近一点,这样我们就能清楚地看到图片了。 We got up early in order that/ so that we could catch the first bus.为了能赶上首班公交车,我们很早就起床 The question was so easy that I could answer it with ease.这个问题如此简单以至于我回答得很轻松。 【即讲即练】 1.We should save money ________ we can help others in the future. A.so that B.but C.or D.because 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们应该省钱,以便我们将来能帮助别人。 so that以便/为了;but但是;or否则/或者;because因为。空格后“we can help others in the future”是“save money”的目的,应用so that引导目的状语从句。 2.He studies hard every night ________ he can pass the final exam with good grades. A.when B.until C.so that 【答案】C 【详解】句意:他每天晚上努力学习,以便能以好成绩通过期末考试。 when当……时候;until直到……为止;so that以便,为了。根据题干可知,前句“努力学习”是手段,后句“通过考试”是目的,表示目的应用so that引导目的状语从句。选项C符合题意。 3.Our teacher asks us to read English newspapers every day ________ we can improve our English. A.unless B.so that C.as soon as D.though 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我们老师让我们每天读英语报纸,以便我们能提高英语水平。 unless除非;so that以便;as soon as一……就……;though虽然。根据“Our teacher asks us to read English newspapers every day...we can improve our English.”可知,前句是行动,后句是目的,应用so that引导目的状语从句。 4.The girl saves money ________ she can buy a new schoolbag. A.in order that B.in order to C.because of D.thanks to 【答案】A 【详解】句意:这个女孩存钱,以便她能买一个新书包。 in order that为了,以便,后接从句,从句中常与can/could等情态动词连用;in order to为了,后接动词原形;because of因为,后接名词或代词;thanks to多亏了,后接名词或代词。空格后是句子she can buy a new schoolbag,应用in order that引导目的状语从句。 5.We prepare enough food ________ the guests will have enough to eat. A.in order that B.in order to C.for D.at 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们准备足够的食物,以便客人们有足够的东西吃。 in order that以便,后接句子;in order to为了,后接动词原形;for为了,后接名词或代词;at在。此处后接完整句子“the guests will have enough to eat”,in order that引导目的状语从句,符合语境。 ◇Part 05 复习形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 考点一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成 (1)规则变化 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词 和部分双 音节词 一般情况下,比较级词尾加-er,最高级词尾加-est。 tall hard taller harde tallest hardest 以不发音e结尾的词,比较级词尾加-r,最高级词尾加-st。 large wide larger wider largest widest 重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,然后比较级词尾加-er,最高级词尾加-est。 big fat bigger fatter biggest fattest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先把y改为i,然后比较级词尾加-er,最高级词尾加-est。 early happy earlier happier earliest happiest 多音节词 和部分双 音节词 词前加more构成比较级,词前加most构成最高级。 carefully difficult more carefully more difficult most carefully most difficult (2)不规则变化 常见不规则的例子: 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least 【即讲即练】 1.—Mike plays the drums so wonderfully! —Of course. He is ________ than any other student in his class. A.talented B.more talented C.the most talented 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——迈克打鼓打得真精彩!——当然。他比班上任何其他学生都更有才华。 talented有才华的;more talented更有才华的;the most talented最有才华的。根据“He is ... than any other students in his class.”可知,句中有标志词“than”,表示比较关系,应用形容词比较级。 2.Qomolangma is ________ than any other mountain on Earth. A.the highest B.higher C.highest 【答案】B 【详解】句意:珠穆朗玛峰比地球上任何其他山都更高。 the highest最高的;higher更高的;highest最高的。根据句中的关键词“than”可知,此处应用形容词的比较级形式。“比较级+than any other+单数名词”结构表示最高级含义。 3.Riding bikes produces ________ pollution than driving cars. A.fewer B.more C.less 【答案】C 【详解】句意:骑自行车比开车产生更少的污染。 fewer更少的,修饰可数名词复数;more更多的;less更少的,修饰不可数名词。pollution是不可数名词,且根据常识,骑自行车比开车更环保,产生的污染“更少”,less符合语境。应填less。 4.Sam always pays close attention to details. He is the ________ of the two children in our family. A.more careful B.most careful C.more careless D.most careless 【答案】A 【详解】句意:Sam总是很关注细节,他是我们家两个孩子中更细心的那一个。 more careful更细心的,比较级;most careful最细心的,最高级;more careless更粗心的,比较级;most careless最粗心的,最高级。“the+形容词比较级+of the two+名词复数”是固定结构,表示“两者中更……的那一个”,因此要用比较级more careful。 考点二、形容词和副词的比较级的用法 · 对两者进行比较:常用结构为: “A + be 动词 / 实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B” 。 · 结构“比较级+and+比较级”表达“越来越……”,多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more+原级 · 结构:“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表达“越……越……” 例:AI technology in China has developed faster than anyone expected.中国的AI技术发展得比任何人预期的都 要快。 This movie is more interesting than the one we watched last week. I want to watch it again. 这部电影比我们 上周看的那部更有趣。我想再看一次。 The weather is getting hotter and hotter.天气正变得越来越热。 The more you practise, the more confident you’ll become.你练习得越多,你就会变得越自信。 【即讲即练】 1.—As students, we should study hard. —Yes. ________ we study, ________ grades we will get. A.The harder; the good B.The hard; the better C.The harder; the best D.The harder; the better 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——作为学生,我们应该努力学习。——是的,我们学习越努力,取得的成绩就会越好。 此处表示“越……,就越……”,应用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。hard的比较级为harder,good的比较级为better。应填The harder; the better。 2.With the development of our city, Harbin is becoming ________. A.strong and strong B.stronger and stronger C.strongest and strongest 【答案】B 【详解】句意:随着我们城市的发展,哈尔滨正变得越来越强大。 英语中表示“越来越……”需用“比较级+and+比较级”结构。strong是单音节形容词,其比较级为stronger,因此“越来越强大”应表达为stronger and stronger。 3.The weather is getting ________ and ________ in spring. A.warm; warm B.warmer; warmer C.warm; warmer D.warmer; warm 【答案】B 【详解】句意:春天的天气变得越来越暖和。 “比较级 + and + 比较级”是固定结构,表示“越来越……”。warm的比较级是warmer,因此“warmer and warmer”表示“越来越暖和”,契合语境。 考点三、形容词和副词的最高级的用法 · 结构“A+be /实义动词+形容词/副词最高级+of/in/among…”表示三者或以上“最......”,如果要说明范围,可用of、in、among。 · 结构“one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”中,表达“最…… 之一” · 结构“the + 序数词 + 最高级”表达 “第二、第三…… ” 例:I like all the shirts in the shop, but I only took the cheapest one to save money.我喜欢这家店里的所有衬衫, 但为了省钱,我只买了最便宜的那件。 Mount Tai is one of the most famous mountains in China. 泰山是中国最著名的山之一。 The Yellow River is the second longest river in our country.黄河是我国第二长河。 【即讲即练】 1.Mount Qomolangma is ________ mountain in the world. A.high B.higher C.the highest D.highest 【答案】C 【详解】句意:珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。 根据句末范围状语“in the world”可知,此处是将珠穆朗玛峰与世界上的所有山进行比较,应用形容词最高级,且最高级前通常需加定冠词the。应填the highest。 2.Mary is one of ________ singers in our music club. She has a wonderful voice. A.good B.better C.best D.the best 【答案】D 【详解】句意:玛丽是我们音乐俱乐部最好的歌手之一。她的嗓音非常美妙。 good好的;better更好的;best最好的;the best最好的。固定句型“one of + the + 形容词最高级+名词复数”,意为“……中最……之一”,形容词最高级前需加定冠词the。 3.Shanghai is one of ________ in China. A.the biggest cities B.biggest cities C.the biggest city D.bigger cities 【答案】A 【详解】句意:上海是中国最大的城市之一。 固定结构“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”,表示“最……之一”。根据语法规则,形容词最高级前需加the,且one of后接名词复数cities,应填the biggest cities。 4.— Which is the third ________ city in our country? — I think it’s Guangzhou. A.large B.larger C.largest 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——哪个是我们国家第三大城市?——我认为是广州。 large大的;larger更大的;largest最大的。“the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级 + 名词单数”为固定结构,表示“第几最……的……”,此处要用形容词最高级形式largest。 5.—The sight of the Yellow River is quite beautiful. —Yes. It is the second ______ river in China. It’s the “Mother River” of the Chinese people. A.long B.longer C.longest 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——黄河的景色很美。——是的。它是中国第二长的河流。它是中国人民的“母亲河”。 根据“It is the second...river in China"可知,此处是"the+序数词+最高级”的用法,表示“第几最……的”,因此空处应填long的最高级longest。 考点四、比较级和最高级的修饰 · 比较级常见的修饰词有: much(显著)、far(远超)、a little(轻微)、a bit(些许)、twice(两倍)、three times(三倍)等。 · 最高级常见的修饰词有:by far(显著)、almost(几乎)、nearly(接近)等。 例:This hole is three times deeper than that one.这个洞比那个深三倍。 Learning to ride a bike is much easier than he imagines.学骑自行车比他想象得要简单得多。 【即讲即练】 1.—Which river is ________, the Yangtze River or the Yellow River? —The Yangtze River. It is ________ river in the world. A.long; the third longer B.longer; the three longer C.longer; the third longest D.longest; the third longest 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——长江和黄河哪条河更长?——长江。它是世界第三长河。 第一空,根据“the Yangtze River or the Yellow River”可知,是两者之间的比较,应用比较级longer;第二空,根据“in the world”可知,应用最高级,用“the+序数词+最高级”结构,即the third longest。 2.—Do you know China is becoming the world leader in selling new-energy cars abroad? —Yeah, I’m so proud of it. The new energy industry in China is developing ________ we can imagine. A.as fast as B.as slowly as C.much faster than D.more slowly than 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你知道中国正成为海外新能源汽车销售的世界领导者吗?——是的,我为此感到自豪。中国的新能源产业发展得比我们想象的快得多。 as fast as和……一样快;as slowly as和……一样慢;much faster than比……快得多;more slowly than比……更慢。根据“becoming the world leader”和“I’m so proud of it”可知,行业发展迅速且成就显著,排除表示速度较慢的选项;语境强调发展速度超出想象,应用比较级结构表示“比……快得多”,而非原级。应填much faster than。 3.Lucy is ______ quieter than her sister. A.very B.much C.so D.quite 【答案】B 【详解】句意:露西比她妹妹安静得多。 very非常;much许多,非常;so如此;quite相当。根据“quieter than”可知,此处是比较级,修饰比较级常用much,而very、so、quite通常修饰原级。 考点五、as ... as句型的用法 · “as +形容词或副词原形+ as”表示两者在某一方面相同时。 · “not as / so +形容词或副词原形+ as”表示一方在某一方面不及另一方。 例:This book isn’t as interesting as that one. 这本书不如那本有趣。 Playing basketball is as interesting as playing football. 打篮球和踢足球一样有趣。 【即讲即练】 1.Yesterday, I made dinner for my family for the first time. My dishes tasted as ________ as they looked, but my parents ate them all. A.better B.good C.worse D.bad 【答案】D 【详解】句意:昨天,我第一次为家人做了晚餐。我的菜尝起来和看起来一样糟糕,但我父母把它们都吃光了。 better更好的;good好的;worse更差的;bad糟糕的。固定结构“as...as”中间需用形容词原级,排除选项A和C;根据“for the first time”及转折连词“but”可知,虽然菜的味道和卖相一样糟糕,但父母仍全部吃光,符合转折逻辑。故选D。 2.Protecting the earth is as ________ as protecting ourselves. A.less important B.more important C.the most important D.important 【答案】D 【详解】句意:保护地球和保护我们自己一样重要。 “as…as” 表示“和……一样”,中间需用形容词或副词的原级。A 项和 B 项为比较级形式,C 项为最高级形式,D 项为形容词原级。根据语法规则,此处应填原级。 3.This mountain is not ________ as that one. A.higher B.as high C.highest D.more high 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这座山不如那座山高。 higher更高(比较级);as high一样高(用于as...as结构);highest最高(最高级);more high形式错误(high的比较级是higher,最高级是highest)。根据句中的“not as...as”结构可知,表示“不如……一样……”,应用形容词原级,即not as high as,应填as high。 4.Winter is not as ________ as summer here. A.hot B.hotter C.hottest D.the hot 【答案】A 【详解】句意:这里的冬天不如夏天热。 hot热的;hotter更热的;hottest最热的;the hot错误表达。根据not as...as结构可知,中间需要用形容词原级,表示“不如……一样……”。故选A。 ◇Part 06 大数的表示方法 考点一、million、hundred,thousand 和billion的用法 · million、hundred,thousand 、billion和其他数词连用表示具体数目时不加“s”,of 连用表示笼统数目时必须加“s” 例:millions of 数以百万计的 two million books两百万本书 Every year, many people give away millions of books to the children in poor areas.每年,很多人都会捐赠数 百万本书给贫困地区的孩子。 It's reported that the charity has helped over nine million people since it was founded.据报道,该慈善机构自 成立以来已经帮助了900多万人。 【即讲即练】 1.Our school has a big library. There are about five ________ books in it. A.thousand B.thousandth C.thousands D.thousands of 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们学校有一个大图书馆。里面大约有五千本书。 thousand千;thousandth第一千;thousands千(复数);thousands of成千上万。当thousand前面有具体数字修饰时,用单数形式,不加s和of;当表示概数时,用thousands of结构。根据“five”可知此处表示具体数字,应用thousand。 2.People in China have grown tea for _________ years. A.thousand B.thousands C.thousand of D.thousands of 【答案】D 【详解】句意:中国人种茶已经有数千年了。 thousand千;thousands千;thousand of结构错误;thousands of数千的。hundred、thousand等词前有具体数字时用单数,无具体数字表示概数时用复数加of。本句空前无具体数字,表示概数“数千年”,应填thousands of。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Unit 1-4 语法高频考点、重难点讲义 ◇Part 01 动词不定式作宾语补足语和状语 考点一、动词不定式基本形式: · 基本形式为“to+动词原形”,否定式直接在to前加not,为“not to+动词原形”。 · 没有人称和数的变化,不能作谓语。 · 在某些情况下动词不定式可以省略to,但它不是原形。 例:I hope to see you at the party. 我希望在聚会上见到你。 My father told me not to be scared of making mistakes when learning a new hobby.我父亲告诉我,在学习一 项新爱好时不要害怕犯错。 Let me do it for you.让我来替你做.(省略to) 【即讲即练】 1.The instructor told me ________ give up so easily. A.not to B.to not C.don’t D.not 2.Mom asks me ________ too much time on online games. A.don’t spend B.not to spend C.not spend 考点二、动词不定式作目的状语 · 动词不定式在句子中可以作目的状语,一般放在被修饰词之后,为了强调也可放在句首。 · 动词不定式可和in order或so as构成词组,即“in order to do”或“so as to do”。“in order to do”可以放句首,也可以放后面,“so as to do”不能放句首,只能放后面。 例:To get there on time, they started early. = They started early to get there on time.为了准时赶到那儿,他 们很早就出发了。 We would do everything in order to / so as to help him.我们愿意尽一切力量帮助他, 【即讲即练】 1.—Why do you practise calligraphy every day? —________ my handwriting and relax myself. A.Improve B.Improving C.Improved D.To improve 2.Fu Xing will go to Beijing next week ________ a wonderful holiday. A.had B.has C.have D.to have 3.________ avoid traffic jams, he leaves home at 6 a.m. every morning. A.So as to B.In order that C.In order to D.So that 考点三、动词不定式作结果状语: · 动词不定式在句子中还可以作结果状语。 · 作结果状语常用在“ (not) enough to... (不)足以......”、以及“too...to... 太......不能...... ”等结构中的。 例:This question is too difficult for me to answer. 这个问题对我来说太难了以至于我答不上来。 The book is easy enough for a seven-year-old boy to read.这本书对一个七岁的男孩来说读起来足够容易。 【即讲即练】 1.After hearing the good news, my uncle was ________ excited ________ say a word. A.too...for B.so...that C.too...to 2.The question is ________. A.too hard for us to understand it B.hard enough for us to understand it C.hard enough for us to understand D.too hard for us to understand 3.Sadly, the workers are too busy ________. They have to keep working until the work is done. A.taking a break B.to take a break C.not to take a break D.that they take a break 4.The library is quiet ________ ________ read in. I like studying there. A.too; to B.enough; to C.so; that D.very; that 考点四、动词不定式作宾语补足语 · 在advise, ask, tell, help, wish, want, expect, press, request, teach, warn、encourage等词后可以用不定式作宾语补足语(不止上述所列,平时需注意积累)。 · 在感觉动词,如feel, see, hear, watch, notice等,和使役动词,如make, let, have等,后用不定式作宾语补足语时常省略to。 · 动词help之后,动词不定式作宾语补足语可带to,亦可不带to。 · 上述不定式作宾语补足语在主动语态的句子中省略to的不定式,当句子由主动语态转为被动语态时,不定式中省略的to要加上。 例:The teacher encouraged us to express our own ideas about after-school activities.老师鼓励我们表达自己对课 后活动的想法。 I made him work hard.我迫使他加劲干。 I was made to do my homework the whole night.我被迫整晚做作业. Can you help me (to) move this table?你能帮我移动一下这张桌子吗? 【注意】感官动词可以用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,也可以用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,用不定式 着重于动作的全过程或动作的经常性,用动词-ing形式则是强调当时动作正在进行。 例:She saw her sister painting a beautiful painting when she walked past her room.当她经过她的房间时,她看见 她的姐姐正在画一幅美丽的画。 I saw him get into the teachers’ office. 我看见他进了老师的办公室。 【即讲即练】 1.Online museums allow people ________ art and learn about world history without leaving home. A.to experience B.to experiencing C.experience D.experiencing 2.My cousin often asks me ________ kites with her when it’s windy. A.fly B.to fly C.flying 3.The school often advises the students ________ some chores at home to help their busy parents. A.doing B.to do C.do 4.Doing yoga helps me ________ stress. A.reduce B.to reduce C.reducing D.both A and B 5.—Do you like country music? —Yes, it often makes me ________ relaxed and happy. A.to feel B.feel C.feeling D.felt 考点五、动词不定式作宾语(拓展) · 动词不定式可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语,常见的有:begin, want, remember, agree, learn, like, decide, fail, refuse等(不止上述所列,平时需注意积累)。 · 有些动词,如:tell, advise, show, teach, know, forget, learn , remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, decide, discuss等后面,常用带疑问词(how to do、where to do、whether to do、what to do)的不定式作宾语. 例:I want to tell you a story.我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning.他们每天早上八点开始工作。 We asked how to get to the station.我们问怎么到达车站。 【即讲即练】 1.Yaming spent hours ________ single strokes when he started ________ calligraphy. A.to practise; do B.practising; to do C.practise; doing 2.They prefer ________ TV or listen to music rather than ________ newspapers. A.watching; to read B.to watch; read C.to watch; reading 3.Julie couldn’t choose a gift, so she decided ________ her father for advice. A.ask B.asking C.asked D.to ask 4.The teacher told us ________ to stay safe in a snowstorm. A.what B.how C.when D.where 5.My English is poor. Could you please tell me ________ to remember the new words? A.how B.what C.when D.where 6.John agreed ________ his sister with her science project after she explained how important it was. A.help B.helping C.to help 考点六、动词不定式作主语(拓展) · 动词不定式可以作主语,为避免“头重脚轻”常用it作形式主语。常用句型有: ①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为"做某事对某人来说是……"。 在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。 ②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为"做某事花费某人多长时间" 【即讲即练】 1.It’s polite ________ loudly in public libraries. A.to talk B.not to talk C.not talk 2.It’s necessary for us ________ to communicate politely with foreign guests. A.learn B.learning C.to learn D.learned 3.It’s important ________ us ________ a good home for animals. A.of; to build B.for; to build C.for; build D.of; build ◇Part 02 should、could和反身代词的用 考点一、should的用法 · should为情态动词,否定式为shouldn’t,其后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。 · 一般疑问句把should提到主语前面,回答时也用should来回答。 · should用于表达某种义务或责任,如基于道德、法律或者大家一致的共识上的义务或责任,意为“应该”。 · should用于提出某种主观认为合理正确的建议或劝告,意为“应该”。 例:—Should I put ice on the cut? 我应该在伤口上敷冰块吗? —Yes, you should. It can reduce swelling. 是的,(你)应该敷。这样能减轻肿胀。 —What’s wrong with you? 你怎么了? —I have a stomachache. You shouldn’t eat spicy food. 我胃疼。你不应该吃辣的食物。 【即讲即练】 1.You ________ eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your health. A.should B.shouldn’t C.need D.needn’t 2.—Mom, I have a sore throat. I feel terrible. —You _______ eat all that spicy hot pot last night. I told you it was too much. A.should B.shouldn’t C.needn’t D.need 3.You look pale. You ________ see a doctor. A.should B.could C.may D.would 4.We ________ keep quiet in the library. It’s one of the library rules. A.can B.may C.should 5.—Hefei has changed so much these years. It’s now a center for science and technology. —Right! So we ________ protect its environment and develop green spaces for everyone to enjoy. A.can B.may C.should D.need 6.Everyone plays a different role in the family and each member ________ try to play his own role well. A.should B.shouldn’t C.can’t 7.When we help others, we ________ be patient and warm-hearted. A.should B.can C.mustn’t D.needn’t 考点二、could的用法 · could为情态动词,其后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。 · could可以作can的过去式用,表示过去的某种能力及过去情况的可能性。 · 用于表达语气更为客气、婉转的请求,这时不表示can的过去式。无论请求用can还是could,肯定回答必须用can,否定回答用can't。当表达允许他人做某事时,只能用can回答,不能用could。 · could还可以‌提出建议‌,当使用“could”提出建议时,语气更加委婉和礼貌。 例:Jim could recite (背诵) more than 100 poems at the age of three.吉姆在三岁时能背诵100多首诗。 —Jim, could I use your computer?吉姆,我可以用一下你的电脑吗? —Yes, of course you can.当然可以 【即讲即练】 1.—________ you pass the dictionary to me, please? —Sure. Here you are. A.Must B.Need C.Could 2.—________ you run very fast now, Grandpa? —No, I am afraid not. But I ________ when I was young. A.Could; could B.Can; could C.Could; can D.Can; can 3.I ________ run very fast when I was in primary school, but now I can because I’m stronger. A.can’t B.couldn’t C.may not D.needn’t 4.______ you please help me carry the heavy box? A.Should B.Must C.Could D.Need 5.—______ I ask you a personal question? —Of course you can. A.Should B.Could C.Must D.Need ◇Part 03 反身代词的用法 考点一、反身代词的概念和构成 · 反身代词是表示动作回到其执行者本身或是要强调代词本身。 · 反身代词是由人称代词第一人称和第二人称的形容词性物主代词和第三人称的宾格加“-self”或“-selves”构成如下: 单数 复数 第一人称 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 yourself你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 himself他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 themselves 他们/她们/它们自己 · 反身代词用于固定搭配中: by oneself 独自、enjoy oneself过得很快活、teach oneself自学、lose oneself=lose one's way 迷路 例:She taught herself to play the piano. 她自学弹钢琴。 They enjoyed themselves at the sports meeting yesterday.他们在昨天运动会上玩得很开心。 That poor boy was myself。那可怜的孩子就是我。 【即讲即练】 1.—Mary, where did you get this red lantern? —I made it by ________. It’s beautiful, isn’t it? A.herself B.yourself C.myself 2.—How do you like your school life? —It’s great! We can enjoy ________ in different clubs. A.us B.our C.ourselves 3.Nothing can stop us if we believe in ________ and work hard together. A.ourselves B.you C.yourselves D.us 4.The old man enjoys ________ while doing Baduanjin because it brings him a peaceful feeling. A.he B.him C.his D.himself 5.My sister taught ________ how to cook when she was ten. A.her B.she C.herself D.hers 6.World Wetlands Day is coming on February 2nd. We plan to make a poster by ________. A.himself B.yourself C.ourselves 7.Teenagers should learn to solve problems by ________ instead of depending on parents. A.them B.theirs C.themselves ◇Part 04 although、until和so that的用法 考点一、although引导让步状语从句 · although意为“尽管、虽然”,引导让步状语从句,强调“前后语义的转折”。 · although引导的从句可以在前,也可以在后,从句在前,通常需要用逗号和主句隔开。 · although引导让步状语从句,这时主句不能再和but一起使用。 · although和though引导让步状语从句时可以互换,although比though更正式,后者更口语化。 例: Although Mary is just a student in Grade Seven, she knows computer skills very well.虽然玛丽只是一名七 年级的学生,但她电脑技能很好。 Although / Though you argued, you are still very close friends.尽管你们吵架了,你们仍然是非常亲密的朋 友。 【即讲即练】 1.________ the math problem is difficult, I’ll try very hard to work it out. A.Until B.Though C.Before D.After 2.________ there is little hope to win the match, they will never give up. A.But B.Although C.Because D.As if 3.—Kate, how do you like the school labor activity? —Wonderful! ________ it was hard work, it brought me a strong sense of achievement. A.Although B.Unless C.If 4.As a teenager, I can look after myself ________ it’s not easy for me. A.although B.because C.if D.so that 考点二、until的用法 · until意为“直到……为止”,可以作连词,引导时间状语从句,也可以作介词,接时间名词。 · until强调“动作一直持续到until从句表示的时间点为止”,这时主句的动词为延续性的。 · until用在否定句中,构成“not... until...”结构,意为“直到……才”,表示的是主句动作直到从句表示的时间点之后才开始,这时主句动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。 · 在引导时间状语或从句时,通常可互相替换,但until可置于句首,需用逗号分隔,till通常置于主句后,较少用于句首。 例:Cook the potatoes in the pan until they’re soft.在平底锅里煮土豆,直到它们变软。 I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework last night.昨晚我直到完成作业才睡觉。 Until he finishes work, we can’t start. 他完成工作前,我们不能开始。 Your parents won’t know how you feel until/till you talk to them.直到你和父母交谈,他们才会知道你的感 受。 【即讲即练】 1.Go along this street ________ you get to the second crossing, and you’ll see the library. A.when B.until C.after 2.You won’t truly know the power of hard work ________ you learn the spirit of Chinese table tennis team. A.until B.after C.though D.whether 3.We didn’t know Su Yiming well ________ he won the Winter Olympics gold medal. A.after B.until C.when 4.My mother didn’t go to bed ________ I got home last night. She was worried about me. A.until B.if C.when D.since 考点三、so that的用法 · so that意为“以便,以至于”,引导目的状语从句。 · so that引导目的状语从句可与“in order that”互换。 · “so that”引导目的状语从句,“so...that”意为“如此……以至于”,引导结果从句,“so...that”中的so修饰形容词/副词。 例:Walk closer so that we can see the pictures clearly. 走近一点,这样我们就能清楚地看到图片了。 We got up early in order that/ so that we could catch the first bus.为了能赶上首班公交车,我们很早就起床 The question was so easy that I could answer it with ease.这个问题如此简单以至于我回答得很轻松。 【即讲即练】 1.We should save money ________ we can help others in the future. A.so that B.but C.or D.because 2.He studies hard every night ________ he can pass the final exam with good grades. A.when B.until C.so that 3.Our teacher asks us to read English newspapers every day ________ we can improve our English. A.unless B.so that C.as soon as D.though 4.The girl saves money ________ she can buy a new schoolbag. A.in order that B.in order to C.because of D.thanks to 5.We prepare enough food ________ the guests will have enough to eat. A.in order that B.in order to C.for D.at ◇Part 05 复习形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 考点一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成 (1)规则变化 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词 和部分双 音节词 一般情况下,比较级词尾加-er,最高级词尾加-est。 tall hard taller harde tallest hardest 以不发音e结尾的词,比较级词尾加-r,最高级词尾加-st。 large wide larger wider largest widest 重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,然后比较级词尾加-er,最高级词尾加-est。 big fat bigger fatter biggest fattest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先把y改为i,然后比较级词尾加-er,最高级词尾加-est。 early happy earlier happier earliest happiest 多音节词 和部分双 音节词 词前加more构成比较级,词前加most构成最高级。 carefully difficult more carefully more difficult most carefully most difficult (2)不规则变化 常见不规则的例子: 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least 【即讲即练】 1.—Mike plays the drums so wonderfully! —Of course. He is ________ than any other student in his class. A.talented B.more talented C.the most talented 2.Qomolangma is ________ than any other mountain on Earth. A.the highest B.higher C.highest 3.Riding bikes produces ________ pollution than driving cars. A.fewer B.more C.less 4.Sam always pays close attention to details. He is the ________ of the two children in our family. A.more careful B.most careful C.more careless D.most careless 考点二、形容词和副词的比较级的用法 · 对两者进行比较:常用结构为: “A + be 动词 / 实义动词 + 比较级 + than+ B” 。 · 结构“比较级+and+比较级”表达“越来越……”,多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more+原级 · 结构:“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表达“越……越……” 例:AI technology in China has developed faster than anyone expected.中国的AI技术发展得比任何人预期的都 要快。 This movie is more interesting than the one we watched last week. I want to watch it again. 这部电影比我们 上周看的那部更有趣。我想再看一次。 The weather is getting hotter and hotter.天气正变得越来越热。 The more you practise, the more confident you’ll become.你练习得越多,你就会变得越自信。 【即讲即练】 1.—As students, we should study hard. —Yes. ________ we study, ________ grades we will get. A.The harder; the good B.The hard; the better C.The harder; the best D.The harder; the better 2.With the development of our city, Harbin is becoming ________. A.strong and strong B.stronger and stronger C.strongest and strongest 3.The weather is getting ________ and ________ in spring. A.warm; warm B.warmer; warmer C.warm; warmer D.warmer; warm 考点三、形容词和副词的最高级的用法 · 结构“A+be /实义动词+形容词/副词最高级+of/in/among…”表示三者或以上“最......”,如果要说明范围,可用of、in、among。 · 结构“one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”中,表达“最…… 之一” · 结构“the + 序数词 + 最高级”表达 “第二、第三…… ” 例:I like all the shirts in the shop, but I only took the cheapest one to save money.我喜欢这家店里的所有衬衫, 但为了省钱,我只买了最便宜的那件。 Mount Tai is one of the most famous mountains in China. 泰山是中国最著名的山之一。 The Yellow River is the second longest river in our country.黄河是我国第二长河。 【即讲即练】 1.Mount Qomolangma is ________ mountain in the world. A.high B.higher C.the highest D.highest 2.Mary is one of ________ singers in our music club. She has a wonderful voice. A.good B.better C.best D.the best 3.Shanghai is one of ________ in China. A.the biggest cities B.biggest cities C.the biggest city D.bigger cities 4.— Which is the third ________ city in our country? — I think it’s Guangzhou. A.large B.larger C.largest 5.—The sight of the Yellow River is quite beautiful. —Yes. It is the second ______ river in China. It’s the “Mother River” of the Chinese people. A.long B.longer C.longest 考点四、比较级和最高级的修饰 · 比较级常见的修饰词有: much(显著)、far(远超)、a little(轻微)、a bit(些许)、twice(两倍)、three times(三倍)等。 · 最高级常见的修饰词有:by far(显著)、almost(几乎)、nearly(接近)等。 例:This hole is three times deeper than that one.这个洞比那个深三倍。 Learning to ride a bike is much easier than he imagines.学骑自行车比他想象得要简单得多。 【即讲即练】 1.—Which river is ________, the Yangtze River or the Yellow River? —The Yangtze River. It is ________ river in the world. A.long; the third longer B.longer; the three longer C.longer; the third longest D.longest; the third longest 2.—Do you know China is becoming the world leader in selling new-energy cars abroad? —Yeah, I’m so proud of it. The new energy industry in China is developing ________ we can imagine. A.as fast as B.as slowly as C.much faster than D.more slowly than 3.Lucy is ______ quieter than her sister. A.very B.much C.so D.quite 考点五、as ... as句型的用法 · “as +形容词或副词原形+ as”表示两者在某一方面相同时。 · “not as / so +形容词或副词原形+ as”表示一方在某一方面不及另一方。 例:This book isn’t as interesting as that one. 这本书不如那本有趣。 Playing basketball is as interesting as playing football. 打篮球和踢足球一样有趣。 【即讲即练】 1.Yesterday, I made dinner for my family for the first time. My dishes tasted as ________ as they looked, but my parents ate them all. A.better B.good C.worse D.bad 2.Protecting the earth is as ________ as protecting ourselves. A.less important B.more important C.the most important D.important 3.This mountain is not ________ as that one. A.higher B.as high C.highest D.more high 4.Winter is not as ________ as summer here. A.hot B.hotter C.hottest D.the hot ◇Part 06 大数的表示方法 考点一、million、hundred,thousand 和billion的用法 · million、hundred,thousand 、billion和其他数词连用表示具体数目时不加“s”,of 连用表示笼统数目时必须加“s” 例:millions of 数以百万计的 two million books两百万本书 Every year, many people give away millions of books to the children in poor areas.每年,很多人都会捐赠数 百万本书给贫困地区的孩子。 It's reported that the charity has helped over nine million people since it was founded.据报道,该慈善机构自 成立以来已经帮助了900多万人。 【即讲即练】 1.Our school has a big library. There are about five ________ books in it. A.thousand B.thousandth C.thousands D.thousands of 2.People in China have grown tea for _________ years. A.thousand B.thousands C.thousand of D.thousands of 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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期末复习Unit 1-4 语法高频考点、重难点讲义 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册
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