Unit 5 语法专练 2025-2026学年沪教版五四学制英语七年级下册

沪教五四unit 5七下语法专练 过去进行时 一、核心知识点 1. 定义与用法 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。它强调动作的持续性、未完成性。 常见的用法有四种： · 过去某个具体时间点正在做的事 例：What were you doing at 8 pm yesterday?（昨晚八点你在做什么？） · 过去某段时间内一直在持续的动作 例：I was reading a book all morning.（我整个上午都在看书。） · 过去一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行（常与 when / while 连用） 例：When I called him, he was having dinner.（我给他打电话时，他正在吃晚饭。） · 描述故事或背景 例：The sun was shining, and birds were singing.（阳光明媚，鸟儿在歌唱。） 2. 构成公式 was / were + 现在分词（动词-ing） · 主语为 I / he / she / it 以及单数名词 → 用 was · 主语为 you / we / they 以及复数名词 → 用 were 3. 动词现在分词（-ing）的变化规则 · 一般情况下：直接在词尾加 -ing go → going, read → reading, play → playing · 以不发音的 e 结尾：去 e 加 -ing write → writing, take → taking, come → coming · 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母：双写该辅音字母，再加 -ing run → running, swim → swimming, sit → sitting, get → getting · 以 ie 结尾：变 ie 为 y，再加 -ing die → dying, lie → lying, tie → tying 4. 四种句式结构 肯定句：主语 + was/were + doing + 其他 She was watching TV at that time. 否定句：主语 + was/were + not + doing + 其他 They were not (weren‘t) playing football. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + doing + 其他？ Were you sleeping when I called? 肯定回答：Yes, I was. 否定回答：No, I wasn’t. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + doing + 其他？ What were you doing at 10 o'clock? 5. 常用的时间状语 · at + 具体过去时间点：at 7 pm yesterday, at that time, at this time yesterday · 时间段 + ago：a moment ago (但更常用具体点) · when / while 引导的时间状语从句 · all morning / all day yesterday / the whole evening 6. 与一般过去时的区别 · 一般过去时：表示动作完成了，或只是陈述过去发生过某事。 例：I read a book last night.（我看了一本书。可能看完了，也可能只是提这件事。） · 过去进行时：表示动作正在进行，强调过程，不强调是否完成。 例：I was reading a book last night.（昨晚我在看书。暗示可能没看完，或者正在看的过程中被中断。） 对比一组经典句子： When she came in, I cooked dinner.（她进来时，我开始做晚饭——先发生进来，后做饭） When she came in, I was cooking dinner.（她进来时，我正在做晚饭——她进来之前我已经在做饭了） 7. when 与 while 的区别 · when 后面既可以跟一般过去时（短暂动作），也可以跟过去进行时（较长动作）。 When I arrived, he was leaving.（arrived 短暂，was leaving 较长） · while 后面通常跟过去进行时，强调两个动作同时进行。 While I was reading, he was sleeping. · 也可以说 While I was reading, the phone rang.（while 引导持续动作，主句用短暂动作） 8. 常见错误 · 忘记用 be 动词： ❌ He reading a book at 8 pm. ✅ He was reading a book at 8 pm. · 瞬间动词用进行时（要小心）：有些动词如 find, lose, die, stop, start 一般不用进行时，但有时为了强调反复或逐渐变化也可以用，不过考试中常考 die → was dying 表示“奄奄一息”是允许的。 · 混淆一般过去时和过去进行时： ❌ When the teacher came in, the students talked.（错误，应该用 were talking，表示正在说话时老师进来） ✅ When the teacher came in, the students were talking. · while 后面用一般过去时（一般不对）： ❌ While I arrived, he was sleeping.（arrive 是短暂动作，不能用 while） ✅ When I arrived, he was sleeping. 二、练习题（共 40 分） 题型一：用所给动词的适当形式填空（10分） 1. I __________ (watch) TV when you called me. 2. They __________ (play) football at 4 pm yesterday. 3. She __________ (not sleep) at that time last night. 4. What __________ you __________ (do) at 10 o‘clock this morning? 5. While we __________ (have) dinner, the doorbell rang. 6. He __________ (read) a magazine when I saw him. 7. The children __________ (run) around in the garden all afternoon. 8. She __________ (write) a letter at 9 pm yesterday. 9. They __________ (wait) for the bus when it started to rain. 10. I __________ (not listen) to music when the accident happened. 题型二：按要求改写句子（8分） 1. He was doing his homework at 8 pm last night. （改为否定句） → ________________________________________ 2. They were playing chess at that time. （改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答） → ________________________________________ → ________________________________________ 3. She was cooking dinner. （对划线部分提问，划线部分为 cooking dinner） → ________________________________________ 4. The dog was sleeping on the sofa. （改为复数形式主语 They） → ________________________________________ 题型三：选择 when 或 while 填空（6分） 1. __________ I was walking to school, I met my old friend. 2. He fell asleep __________ he was watching TV. 3. __________ the phone rang, I was taking a shower. 4. Please don’t talk __________ the teacher is explaining. 5. __________ she opened the door, the cat ran out. 6. We were having a picnic __________ it suddenly began to rain. 题型四：单项选择（8分） 1. — What were you doing at 7 pm yesterday? — I ______ dinner with my family. A. have B. am having C. was having D. had 2. When I got home, my mother ______ in the kitchen. A. cooks B. is cooking C. cooked D. was cooking 3. The boys ______ football when the teacher came in. A. played B. were playing C. play D. are playing 4. She ______ TV at that time; she was reading a book. A. wasn‘t watching B. didn’t watch C. isn‘t watching D. doesn’t watch 5. While Tom ______ the piano, his sister came into the room. A. played B. was playing C. plays D. is playing 6. I ______ a shower when you called me. A. took B. was taking C. take D. am taking 7. They ______ along the river when they saw a strange animal. A. walked B. are walking C. were walking D. walk 8. — Did you see the accident? — Yes, I ______ for the bus at that time. A. wait B. was waiting C. waited D. am waiting 题型五：改错题（8分） 找出下列句子中的错误并改正。 1. What did you do at 8 o‘clock last night? 错误：________ → 改正：________________________ 2. She was read a book when I came in. 错误：________ → 改正：________________________ 3. While the teacher came in, the students were talking. 错误：________ → 改正：________________________ 4. I wasn’t watch TV at that time. 错误：________ → 改正：________________________ 三、答案与详细讲解 题型一填空答案 1. was watching（when 引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时） 2. were playing（at 4 pm yesterday 具体时间点，用过去进行时） 3. was not sleeping / wasn‘t sleeping（否定句） 4. were, doing（特殊疑问句，主语 you 用 were） 5. were having（while 从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时） 6. was reading（when 从句一般过去时，主句过去进行时） 7. were running（all afternoon 表示一段持续的时间） 8. was writing（at 9 pm yesterday 具体时间点） 9. were waiting（when 从句一般过去时，主句过去进行时） 10. was not listening / wasn’t listening 题型二改写句子答案 1. He was not doing his homework at 8 pm last night. 或 He wasn‘t doing... 2. 一般疑问句：Were they playing chess at that time? 否定回答：No, they weren’t. 3. 划线部分 cooking dinner → What was she doing? 4. They were sleeping on the sofa.（主语改为 They，谓语改为 were sleeping） 题型三 when / while 填空答案 1. While（walking 是持续动作，while 更合适） 2. while（was watching TV 持续动作） 3. When（the phone rang 是短暂动作，用 when） 4. while（is explaining 持续动作） 5. When（opened the door 短暂动作） 6. when（began to rain 短暂动作） 小技巧：短暂动词（arrive, open, start, ring, see）前面用 when；持续动词（walk, sleep, talk, watch）前面用 while。 题型四单项选择答案 1. C（具体时间点 at 7 pm yesterday，用 was having） 2. D（when 从句一般过去时，主句过去进行时） 3. B（老师进来时，男孩们正在踢球） 4. A（at that time 过去进行时，否定用 wasn‘t watching） 5. B（While 从句用过去进行时） 6. B（你打电话时我正在洗澡） 7. C（看见奇怪动物时，正在散步） 8. B（那时我正在等公交） 题型五改错题答案 1. 错误：did you do → 改正：were you doing（at 8 o’clock 表示具体时刻，用过去进行时） 2. 错误：was read → 改正：was reading（过去进行时结构为 was/were + 现在分词） 3. 错误：While → 改正：When（came in 是短暂动作，不能用 while） 4. 错误：wasn‘t watch → 改正：wasn’t watching（否定句也要用现在分词形式） 四、易错点再提醒 · 过去进行时的结构：was/were + 动词-ing，两个部分缺一不可。 · 记得根据主语选择 was 还是 were：I / he / she / it / 单数名词用 was；you / we / they / 复数名词用 were。 · 否定句直接在 was/were 后面加 not，缩写为 wasn‘t / weren’t。 · 一般疑问句把 was/were 提到主语前面。 · 时间点（at 8 pm yesterday）或时间段（all morning）常提示用过去进行时。 · when 后可以跟短暂动作（一般过去时）或持续动作（过去进行时）；while 后通常跟持续动作（过去进行时）。 · 与一般过去时分清楚：一般过去时强调“做了”，过去进行时强调“正在做”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $