Unit 8 Making a difference.Section A Grammar Focus (4a-4d)导学案2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 8 Making a difference.Section A Grammar Focus (4a-4d)导学案 一、学习目标 1. 掌握现在完成时中 for 与 since 的用法区别,能在语境中正确区分使用。 1. 熟练运用现在完成时表示“持续动作/状态”,掌握 How long have you…? 句型。 1. 能在句子、语篇和口语中正确运用 for/since 结构,提升语法运用能力。 二、课前预习:语法知识梳理 1. 核心用法对比 介词 含义 搭配结构 例句 for 表示动作/状态持续的时间段(时长) for + 时间段(如:3 years, a long time, a few months) I have been a volunteer for a few months. since 表示动作/状态开始的时间点/过去事件 since + 时间点/过去事件(如:last August, 2020, he started) She has been a volunteer since last August. 2. 关键句型 问句:How long have you/has he…?(询问持续时间) 回答:I’ve/He has … for… / since… 易错点:since 引导的从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。 三、课堂练习(分层设计) 基础巩固练(语法辨析+句子填空) 1. 选择 for 或 since 填空 1. I have lived in this city _ 2010. 2. She has been a teacher _ 10 years. 3. They have known each other _ they were children. 4. He has studied English _ three months. 5. The organization has helped people _ it was founded in 2005. 2. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空(现在完成时/一般过去时) 1. He _ (volunteer) at the animal shelter _ two years. 2. I _ (be) a member of the club _ last year. 3. She _ (teach) kids English _ she left college. 4. They _ (collect) donations _ over five years. 5. We _ (not see) each other _ we graduated from school. 能力提升练(语篇填空) 3. 用括号内动词的正确形式和 for/since 完成短文 I love being a volunteer! I _ (work) with a local environmental group _ almost two years now. _ I joined the group, I _ (take part in) over 15 clean-up activities. I _ (make) many new friends there, and I even _ (learn) how to plant trees. Last month, we _ (organize) a tree-planting day in the park. It _ (be) a great success. The park _ (look) much greener now. I _ (be) proud of what we _ (do) together _ we started. 拓展应用练(口语交际+句型仿写) 4. 仿照例句写对话(用 How long have you…? 句型) 例句: A: How long have you known your best friend? B: I’ve known her for 5 years / since we were in Grade 7. 请仿写3组对话(可参考话题:live in your neighborhood, study English, play basketball) 1. A: _ B: _ 2. A: _ B: _ 3. A: _ B: _ 四、参考答案 基础巩固练 1. 选择 for 或 since 填空 1. since 2. for 3. since 4. for 5. since 2. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空 1. has volunteered; for 2. have been; since 3. has taught; since 4. have collected; for 5. haven’t seen; since 能力提升练 3. 语篇填空 I love being a volunteer! I have worked with a local environmental group for almost two years now. Since I joined the group, I have taken part in over 15 clean-up activities. I have made many new friends there, and I even have learned how to plant trees. Last month, we organized a tree-planting day in the park. It was a great success. The park looks much greener now. I am proud of what we have done together since we started. 拓展应用练 4. 对话仿写(示例) 1. A: How long have you lived in your neighborhood? B: I’ve lived here for 8 years / since I was born. 2. A: How long have you studied English? B: I’ve studied English for 6 years / since I was in Grade 3. 3. A: How long have you played basketball? B: I’ve played basketball for 4 years / since I was 10 years old. 五、易错点复盘 1. 时态混淆:since 从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。 2. 介词搭配错误:for 后接时间段,since 后接时间点/过去事件,不可混用。 3. 动词形式错误:现在完成时需用动词过去分词,注意不规则变化(如:make made, learn learned/learnt)。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $