Unit 7 同步课时训练 2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级下册

Unit 7 Section 4 Extending and developing competencies 一、单词拼写：根据提示完成单词拼写 1.Your phone ________ (receive) the signal and ________ (compare) it to the exact time of arrival. 2.The radio signal ________ (travel) through space at the speed of light. 3.The space station ________ (can) be seen from most parts of the world with the naked eye. 4.They ________ (need) to do important experiments and collect scientific data. 5.The space station ________ (be) ready to receive human visitors. 二、完成句子：根据句意提示完成句子 6.每颗卫星向地球发送带有信息的无线电信号。   Each satellite ________ radio signals to the Earth with information. 7.We have known something about the moon. （改为否定句） We ________ known ________ about the moon. 8.科学家们正在规划减少有害太空垃圾的方法。 Scientists are planning ways to reduce harmful ___________. 9.他们考虑了一会儿，给出了一个好答案。 They thought about it ____________ and gave a good answer. 10.李明一直梦想着参与一次太空飞行任务。 Li Ming has always dreamed of taking part in a ________ mission. 三、阅读理解 The 2026 CCTV Spring Festival Gala surprised people with amazing robot shows. Robots became super stars on the stage, showing the rapid development of Chinese technology.​ In the martial arts show Wu BOT, more than 20 humanoid robots performed difficult kung fu moves. They could do flips（空翻）, jump and practice weapons with high precision. They worked well with young martial arts players. The robots used cluster（集群） control technology, so they could move together perfectly without remote control（遥控）.​ Robots also joined in a short play. They talked with actors naturally and helped look after the old. In some shows, robots danced beautifully with singers. They could even do fine jobs like picking noodles carefully. These robots have smart sensors and strong motors, making them flexible（灵活的） and smart.​ The robot shows tell us technology is changing our life. Robots can work in many fields, such as performance, service and health care. For teenagers, learning science and keeping creative are important. The future will be more wonderful with robots and AI. 11.What could robots do in Wu BOT?​ A．Do difficult kung fu moves​ B．Cook food​ C．Draw pictures 12.Which of the following is NOT mentioned about robots?​ A．Talking with actors​ B．Picking noodles​ C．Driving cars 13.What makes the robots flexible and smart? A．Smart sensors and strong motors. B．Nice songs and beautiful dances. C．Fast Internet and colourful lights. 14.What should teenagers do to face the future with robots? A．They should learn science well and keep creative to fit the development of technology. B．They should only watch robot shows and do nothing to learn new technology. C．They should stay away from robots and AI because they are too difficult to understand. 答案以及解析 1. receives compares 【详解】句意：你的手机接收信号，并将其与准确的到达时间进行比较。句中无明确的过去或将来时间状语，描述的是手机的常规功能和客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语Your phone为第三人称单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，receive的第三人称单数形式为receives，compare的第三人称单数形式为compares。 2.travels 【详解】句意：无线电信号以光速在太空中传播。介绍无线电信号传播的速度，是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语the radio signal是第三人称单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填travels。 3．can 【详解】句意：从世界上大部分地方，宇宙空间站可以用肉眼看见。根据客观事实：国际宇宙空间站，只要在光线合适的情况下都能够肉眼可见，can 是情态动词，表示能够；且应用一般现在时的肯定句。故填can。 4．need 【详解】句意：他们需要做重要的实验并收集科学数据。本句主语是They，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，因此动词need用原形即可。 5．is 【详解】句意：空间站现已准备好迎接人类访客。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语“The space station”是单数第三人称，be动词用is。 6.sends 【详解】原句中“发送”是关键词，表示“发送”的单词是send，主语Each satellite是第三人称单数，所以谓语要用第三人称单数sends。 7. haven’t anything 【详解】句意：我们已经了解了一些关于月球的情况。改为否定句，原句时态为现在完成时，在助动词have后加not，缩写为haven’t；同时something在否定句中要变为anything。故填haven’t；anything。 8.space junk 【详解】根据中文“太空垃圾”的英文短语为space junk。space junk为不可数名词，原形即可。故填space junk。 9.for a while 【详解】原句中“一会儿”是关键信息，表示“一段时间”用for a while，作时间状语。 10.spaceflight 【详解】原句中“太空飞行”是关键词，表示“太空飞行”的英文单词是“spaceflight”。此处需要一个名词来修饰“mission”，表示“太空飞行任务”。故填spaceflight。 11．A 12．C 13．A 14．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了2026年央视春晚中机器人表演的亮点、技术原理，以及科技对生活的影响和对青少年的启示。 11.由第二段第一句“In the martial arts show Wu BOT, more than 20 humanoid robots performed difficult kung fu moves.”可知，机器人在《武BOT》节目中可以完成高难度的武术动作。 12.第三段提到机器人能“talked with actors naturally”“do fine jobs like picking noodles carefully”，没有提到“driving cars”。 13.第三段最后一句“These robots have smart sensors and strong motors, making them flexible and smart.”说明智能传感器和强劲的电机让机器人灵活又智能。 14.第四段第三句“For teenagers, learning science and keeping creative are important.”表明青少年应该学好科学、保持创造力。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 Section 3 Expressing and communicating ideas 一、单词拼写：根据提示完成单词拼写 1.If your phone ________ (support) BDS, it will automatically pick the best signal. 2.When we use a BDS device, we ________ (will) not get lost. 3.Your phone ________ (need) information from four satellites to calculate your location. 4.The phone then ________ (calculate) how far it is from the satellite. 5.Exercise is an important part of our daily ________ (routine). 二、完成句子：根据句意提示完成句子 6.上网时你应该保护你的个人信息。 You should protect your ________ ________ when surfing the Internet. 7.我们应该按时完成任务，不能错过最后期限。 We should finish the task on time and mustn’t ________ the ________. 8.我们需要为这个科学项目制定一个详细的计划。 We need to make a detailed plan for the science ________. 9.北斗卫星导航系统是全球导航卫星系统之一。   BDS is one of the global ________ satellite systems. 10.自那以后，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 ____________, great changes have taken place in my hometown. 三、阅读理解 How BDS works BDS, officially known as the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, is one of the global navigation satellite systems. BDS is a group of satellites in orbit around the Earth. Each satellite sends radio signals to the Earth with information. The signals travel at the speed of light (299,792 km/s). On Earth, your phone receives the signal and calculates its distance from the satellite. You need information from four satellites to find your location, so you won’t get lost. BDS is special: it supports two-way communication. In areas without mobile network, you can send text messages via BDS satellites. Your phone will pick the best signal automatically. BDS works worldwide, but is more accurate in China and the Asia-Pacific region. 11.What does BDS stand for? A．BeiDou Science System. B．BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. C．BeiDou Communication System. D．BeiDou Information System. 12.How fast do BDS radio signals travel? A．At the speed of sound. B．At the speed of light. C．At the speed of a car. D．At the speed of a plane. 13.How many satellites do you need to calculate your location? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 14.What special function does BDS have? A．It can take photos. B．It can make calls without network. C．It supports two-way communication. D．It can play music. 15.Where is BDS more accurate? A．In Europe. B．In America. C．In China and the Asia-Pacific region. D．In Africa. 答案以及解析 1.supports 【详解】句意：如果你的手机支持北斗卫星导航系统，它会自动选择最佳信号。该句是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主语“your phone”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式supports。 2．will 【详解】句意：当我们使用北斗卫星导航系统设备时，我们将不会迷路。will在这里是情态动词，后接动词原形，表示将来时态，在这里“will not”表示“将不会” 。 3.needs 【详解】句意：你的手机需要来自四颗卫星的信息来计算你的位置。本句描述手机定位的客观功能、常识性原理，需用一般现在时，主语Your phone是单数可数名词，need的三单形式为needs。 4.calculates 【详解】句意：然后手机会计算出它距离卫星有多远。主语The phone是第三人称单数，句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时。calculate的第三人称单数是calculates。 5.routine 【详解】句意：锻炼是我们日常生活的重要组成部分。daily是形容词，修饰名词，routine意为“常规、日常生活”，名词。故填routine。 6. personal information 【详解】对比中英文，缺少关键词“个人的信息”。personal是形容词，意为“个人的”；information是不可数名词，意为“信息”。personal information意为“个人的信息”，作动词protect的宾语。故填personal；information。 7. miss deadline 【详解】原句中“错过最后期限”是关键词，表示“错过”的英文是miss，是动词，mustn’t后接动词原形；“最后期限”的英文是deadline，是可数名词，此处填单数名词。 8.project 【详解】原句中“项目”是关键词，表示“项目”的常用名词是project。此处应填名词作for的宾语，故填project。 9.navigation 【详解】原句中“导航”是关键词，“导航”常见的英文表达是navigation，navigation satellite systems即“导航卫星系统”，这里需要一个名词来修饰satellite systems，所以填navigation。 10.Since then 【详解】原句中“自那以后”是关键词，表示“自那以后”的短语是since then，句首首字母大写。 11．B 12．B 13．D 14．C 15．C 【导语】本文介绍了北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）的全称、工作原理、信号速度、定位要求、特殊功能及精度优势。 11.文中第1段提到“BDS, officially known as the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System”，说明BDS的全称是北斗卫星导航系统。 12.文中第2段提到“The signals travel at the speed of light (299,792 km/s）”，说明BDS无线电信号以光速传播。 13.文中第3段提到“You need information from four satellites to find your location”，说明需要4颗卫星的信息来计算位置。 14.文中第4段提到“BDS is special: it supports two-way communication”，说明BDS的特殊功能是支持双向通信。 15.文中第5段提到“BDS works worldwide, but is more accurate in China and the Asia-Pacific region”，说明BDS在中国及亚太地区精度更高。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 Section 2 Exploring and applying rules （Grammar） 一、单词拼写：根据提示完成单词拼写 1.Mr. Green ________ (drive) at high speed when a truck hit their car suddenly on the highway. 2.Although space agencies ________ (track) all objects larger than a football, they ________ (not notice) that the two satellites ________ (move) towards each other. 3.A Russian satellite and an American satellite ________ (crash) into each other on 11 February 2009. 4.When the storm came, I ________ (read) a book. 5.—Has the child been found yet? —Luckily, yes. It turns out that the boy ________ (hide) in a room, with nothing but an old blanket to keep him warm. 二、完成句子：根据句意提示完成句子 6.这些太空垃圾对其他航天器构成了巨大的危险。 These pieces of space junk are ________ great ________ to other spaceships. 7.我们长远生存的唯一机会是向太空扩展。 Our only chance of long-term survival is to ________ ________ into space. 8.I was having a very nice dream when the alarm clock went off. （对划线部分提问） What ________ you ________ when the alarm clock went off? 9.薯片是无意中被发明的。 Potato chips were invented _______ ________. 10.在做决定之前，你最好和父母商量一下。 Before making decisions, you’d better ____________ your parents. 三、阅读理解 Tiangong: China’s space station      Chinese people have long dreamed of exploring space. In 2022, China finished building Tiangong (“Heavenly Palace”）. The name comes from ancient Chinese legends.       Tianhe (“Harmony of Heavens”） is the core module. It was sent into space on 29 April 2021. Tianzhou-2 delivered fuel, equipment and supplies. Later, Shenzhou-12 carried three astronauts who spent three months testing equipment. More modules (Wentian, Mengtian) have been added.       Astronauts conduct important experiments and collect data. They perform spacewalks and see 16 sunrises a day, because Tiangong travels at 28,000 km/h and orbits Earth every 90 minutes.        At an altitude of 400 km, Tiangong can be seen with the naked eye as a tiny shiny object. 11.When did China finish building Tiangong? A．2020. B．2021. C．2022. D．2023. 12.What is the core module of Tiangong? A．Tianzhou-2. B．Tianhe. C．Wentian. D．Mengtian. 13.Which spacecraft carried the first three astronauts? A．Shenzhou-12. B．Tianzhou-2. C．Shenzhou-13. D．Wentian. 14.How long does it take Tiangong to circle the Earth? A．60 minutes. B．80 minutes. C．90 minutes. D．100 minutes. 15.What can we see Tiangong with? A．A telescope. B．The naked eye. C．A camera. D．A phone. 答案以及解析 1.was driving 【详解】句意：格林先生在高速公路上正高速驾驶时，突然一辆卡车撞上了他们的车。句中“when a truck hit their car suddenly”为过去的时间状语从句，描述一个短暂动作。主句表示在卡车撞击那一刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。主语Mr. Green”为第三人称单数，故“was driving。 2. tracked did not notice/didn’t notice were moving 【详解】句意：尽管太空机构追踪了所有大于足球的物体，但他们没有注意到那两颗卫星当时正朝着彼此移动。根据“all objects larger than a football”可知，Although引导的让步状语从句描述的是过去的事实，句子时态用一般过去时；主句时态与从句时态一致，也用一般过去时；主句中“that the two satellites...”引导的宾语从句时态需用过去进行时，强调“移动”这个动作在“没有注意到”的那个时刻正在进行。故填tracked；did not notice/didn’t notice；were moving。 3.crashed 【详解】句意：2009年2月11日，一颗俄罗斯卫星和一颗美国卫星发生了相撞。根据句子中时间状语“on 11 February 2009”及括号内提示词“crash”可知，句子需用一般过去时，描述过去发生的事实，crash的过去式为crashed。故填crashed。 4.was reading 【详解】句意：风暴来的时候，我正在读一本书。描述过去某一时刻正在做的某件事情用过去进行时，结构为was/were + doing。 5.was hiding 【详解】句意：——那个孩子找到了吗？——幸运的是，找到了。原来那个男孩正躲在一个房间里，只有一条旧毯子给他取暖。根据语境可知，此处表示找到孩子时正在发生的动作，“找到孩子”发生在过去，因此是过去进行时was/were doing，主语是the boy，be动词用was，hide的现在分词是hiding，故填was hiding。 6. a danger 【详解】原句中“构成了巨大的危险”是关键词，表示“一个危险”的名词短语是a danger，be a great danger to意为“对……是一个巨大的危险”。a danger为可数名词短语，在句中作表语。 7. spread out 【详解】原句中“扩展”是关键词，表示“扩展”的动词短语是spread out。本句为不定式短语作表语，to后接动词原形。 8. were doing 【详解】句意：闹钟响的时候我正在做一个很美的梦。画线部分是“was having a very nice dream”，是过去进行时的动作，提问时需用过去进行时的特殊疑问句结构，主语I变为you，助动词用were，动词用doing形式。 9. by mistake 【详解】原句中“无意中”是关键词，表示“无意中”的短语是by mistake，固定搭配。 10.communicate with 【详解】原句中“和父母商量一下”是关键词，对应的短语是communicate with sb.“与某人交流/沟通”，had better do sth.是固定搭配，意为“最好做某事”，必须用动词原形。 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文介绍了中国于 2022 年建成天宫空间站，航天员在站内开展工作，该空间站运行速度快，还可以用肉眼观测到。 11.第一段指出时间：“In 2022, China finished building Tiangong”，说明2022 年，中国完成了天宫空间站的建设。 12.第二段说明：“Tianhe （‘Harmony of Heavens’） is the core module. ”，指出天和是核心舱。 13.第二段说明人数：“Later, Shenzhou-12 carried three astronauts who spent three months testing equipment.”，指出神舟十二号搭载了首批三名航天员。 14.第三段说明天宫绕地球一周的时长：“Tiangong travels at 28,000 km/h and orbits Earth every 90 minutes.”，指出天宫每 90 分钟绕地球一周。 15.第四段指出：“Tiangong can be seen with the naked eye as a tiny shiny object.”，说明用肉眼就能看见天宫。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 7Section 1 Experiencing and understanding language 一、单词拼写:根据提示完成单词拼写 1.If we _ (not exercise), we will be very weak when we return to the Earth. 2.The boy was so careless that he h_ (碰撞) a big tree on his way to school. 3.The view of the Earth _ (be) great. 4.Astronauts _ (have) a lot of work to do on the space station. 5.Everything _ (float), including you. 二、完成句子:根据句意提示完成句子 6.如果我们不锻炼,返回地球时就会非常虚弱。 If we _ exercise, we will be very weak when we return to Earth. 7.我们承受不起任何失误,所以有时压力很大。 We _ afford to make any mistakes, _ it can be stressful sometimes. 8.一切东西都会漂浮,所以简单的任务也会变得更难,花费时间更长。 Everything _, _ simple tasks seem harder and take longer 9.宇航员在空间站有很多工作要做。 Astronauts _ a lot of work to do on the space station. 10.A typhoon hit Shenzhen last week. (改为否定句) A typhoon _ _ Shenzhen last week. 三、阅读理解 In places without many traffic police, AI devices (设备) help warn (警告) people when they break the rules. For example, in Wuxi, Jiangsu, an AI system has been working for over a month on one road. The system (系统) uses video cameras and smart technology to watch people and find bad actions, like walking on the road when it’s dangerous. When the system notices someone doing something wrong, it sounds an alarm (警报) at once. The AI system in Wuxi looks at traffic from four ways to check what’s happening in 32 places. It can give warnings in just one second. The police say the system works well and plan to use it on more roads in the city. In Shifang, Sichuan, there are 25 AI cameras in a village to warn people on bikes and electric bikes to follow traffic rules. If someone doesn’t wear a helmet (头盔) or rides in the wrong way, the system talks to them in the local language and tells them to be more careful. Many people change their actions when they hear the warning. In Luzhou, Sichuan, AI systems are helping keep roads safe on more than 33,000 kilometers of roads in the countryside. These systems have been around since 2022 and are helping many people in villages. If someone gets three warnings, the police will visit them to teach them about the rules. In Mianyang, Sichuan, robots are helping with traffic. They can move slowly and even jump. They work on busy roads to guide traffic and warn people not to cross the street when the light is red. 11.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A.The AI system gives warnings very slowly. B.An AI system in Wuxi helps guide the traffic. C.The police in Wuxi plan to use an AI system more widely. D.An AI system in Wuxi can give warnings when people break traffic rules. 12.How does the AI system in Shifang warn people who break traffic rules? A.By making a loud noise. B.By showing a warning on a screen. C.By asking them to be careful in the local language. D.By taking photos of them and showing them on the Internet. 13.What happens after someone gets three warnings from the AI system in Luzhou? A.They have to take a driving test again. B.They get a fine (罚单) for breaking the rules. C.They have to work on busy roads to guide traffic. D.They have to learn the traffic rules from the police. 14.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A.No traffic accidents will happen in the future. B.AI devices will help people follow traffic rules in more places. C.AI devices will take the place of the traffic police right away. D.AI devices work better in the countryside than in cities. 答案以及解析 1.don’t exercise 【详解】句意:如果我们不锻炼,当我们返回地球时会非常虚弱。句子是if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时;主语we是第一人称复数,否定形式需借助助动词don’t,后接动词原形exercise。 2.hit/it 【详解】句意:这个男孩太粗心了,在上学的路上撞到了一棵大树。hit“碰撞”,本句描述过去发生的事,时态是一般过去时,hit的过去式还是hit。 3.is 【详解】句意:地球的景色很壮观。根据句意描述客观事实,应用一般现在时。主语The view of the Earth为第三人称单数,be动词用is。 4.have 【详解】句意:宇航员们在空间站有很多工作要做。句子描述客观事实,用一般现在时;主语Astronauts是复数名词,谓语动词用原形have。 5.floats 【详解】句意:所有东西都漂浮,包括你在内。句子用一般现在时;主语Everything是不定代词,作主语时视为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式floats。 6.don’t 【详解】原句中“不(锻炼)”是关键词,本句为 if 引导的条件状语从句,遵循 “主将从现” 规则,从句用一般现在时表将来。主语we是复数,谓语exercise是实义动词,变否定需在动词前加助动词don’t,构成don’t exercise。 7. can’t so 【详解】原句中“承受不起”和“所以”为关键信息,第一空对应情态动词can’t,构成can’t afford to do sth. 表示“承担不起做某事”;第二空对应连词so,用于连接因果关系的两个分句。 8. floats so 【详解】原句中“漂浮”“所以”为关键信息,第一空对应动词float,主语Everything为单数,句子用一般现在时,故用floats;第二空对应连词so,用于连接因果关系的两个分句。 9.have 【详解】原句中“有”为关键信息,对应动词have,主语Astronauts为复数,句子用一般现在时。 10. didn’t hit 【详解】句意:上周一场台风袭击了深圳。句子为一般过去时,改为否定句需要借助助动词didn’t,动词使用原型,hit的原形还是hit。 11.D 12.C 13.D 14.B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了在没有很多交警的地方,AI设备如何帮助警告违反交通规则的人,介绍了江苏无锡、四川什邡、四川泸州、四川绵阳等地AI设备在交通管理方面的应用情况。 11.第一段提到:“In places without many traffic police, AI devices (设备) help warn (警告) people when they break the rules. For example, in Wuxi, Jiangsu, an AI system has been working for over a month on one road...When the system notices someone doing something wrong, it sounds an alarm (警报) at once”,说明在无锡的一个AI系统能在人们违反交通规则时发出警告。 12.第三段提到:“If someone doesn’t wear a helmet (头盔) or rides in the wrong way, the system talks to them in the local language and tells them to be more careful”,说明什邡的AI系统用当地方言警告违反交通规则的人,让他们小心。 13.第四段提到:“If someone gets three warnings, the police will visit them to teach them about the rules”,说明在泸州,有人从AI系统得到三次警告后,警察会去教他们交通规则。 14.从文章整体来看,介绍了多个地方使用AI设备来帮助人们遵守交通规则,由此可以推断出AI设备将在更多地方帮助人们遵守交通规则。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $