2026年人教版（2012）中考英语复习专练（九）主谓一致

2026中考英语复习专练（九）主谓一致

1、主谓一致要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

语法一致原则指的是主语和谓语的数互相匹配，根据主语的语法形式，决定谓语动词的单复数形式。语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式；语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

意义一致原则指的是主谓语的一致不是根据其外部形态来决定的，而是取决于主语所表达的内在涵义，也就是说，要从意义着眼来处理主谓一致问题。有时主语形式为单数，但是意义为复数，谓语动词根据意义而定，亦采取复数形式。

就近一致原则指的是谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数保持一致，而不是根据整个主语部分的数来决定。

语法一致原则和意义一致原则通常是协调统一的，究竟何时采用何种原则视习惯用法而定。

一、语法一致原则

1、主语和谓语通常是从语法上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语为复数形式，谓语动词也为复数形式。在正式用法中往往遵循语法一致的原则。

2、单数名词或代词、动词不定式、动名词和主语从句作主语，其谓语动词应为单数形式。

3、复数名词或代词作主语，其谓语动词应用复数形式。如:

To play basketball and to go swimming is useful for character-training.

Reading English magazines and novels is helpful to your study of English.

What you said just now has something to do with the matter we are discussing.

注意：

在大多数情况下，由 what 引导的主语从句，其后主句的谓语动词(多数是 be的某种形式)应采取单数形式。但表语是复数时或者 what 从句是带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词也可采取复数形式。

如:What we need badly here are doctors..

4.某些不定代词，如:either，neither,each,one, the one, another, anybody, anyone,anything, everything, something，somebody，someone，everybody，everyone nobody, no one,nothing，all (指物)等作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。

Either of these buses goes to the museum

Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.

注意：

当 each 位于复数主语后或句未作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数，即谓语动词仍用复数。如:

They each have bought a Chinese-English dictionary=They have bought a Chinese-English dictionary each.

他们每个人都买了一本汉英词典。

5. 由and或both.….and...连接的并列主语,其谓语动词常用复数形式。如:

Both he and his parents are going to visit the Great Wall next month.

注意：

(1)如果并列主语所表示的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时(包含通常由两个部件配成的物品，如：a knife and fork,a cup and saucer, a cart and horse, a watch and chain, a key and lock,bread and butter 等

等)，谓语动词则要用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如:

The League secretary and monitor takes the lead in everything

Does such a watch and chain cost much?

（2）and连接的并列单数主语的前面如果分别有each，every，no或many a修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

Each man and each woman enjoys equal rights.

Many a boy and many a girl has been to Beijing很多男孩女孩都去过北京。

6.当主语后面跟有 as well as, no less than, rather than, but, except, besides,with，along with, together with，like，including,in addition to 以及 of 等介词引导的短语时，尽管含有并列意义，但不能看作是并列主语，其谓语动词的形式依前面主语的单复数而定。

Air as well as water is matter

Everyone here, including children and old people, goes in for sports

7.由“many a +单数名词”和 “more than one +单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但表示复数意义。如:

Many a factory was built last year.

Many a student has come but more than one is able to do it.·More than one person has made the suggestion.

More than one student was late for the class this morning.

8.由“a lot of( lots of, plenty of, half of, the rest of, part of, most of, some of,more than)+名词或代词”构成的短语以及由 “分数(如:two thirds of)或百分数….percent+of+名词或代词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要根据短语中后面名词的数而定，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。

Two thirds of the apple has gone bad.

Most of his time has been spent on novels.

9.在定语从句中关系代词作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中的先行词的数保持一致。如:

They have found many elements in the moon rocks which are found in the earth.

注意：

以“one of +复数名词”作定语从句的先行词时，关系代词 who，that，which 所指的是复数名词而不是“one”，因此从句的谓语动词应为复数形式。但当 one 之前有 the，the only 等修饰语时，则应处理为单数形式。

This is one of the best books that have ever been written by him.

She is the only one of the best singers who is known to us all.

10.在强调句结构中，如被强调的是主语，则 that 或 who 之后的谓语动词需与该主语一致。如:

It is I who am going to attend the meeting instead of him. 是我将代替他去参加这个会议。

11.在主谓倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致。

On the wall hang two famous oil paintings and a map of the world.

二、意义一致原则

根据主语所表达的内在涵义，决定其谓语的数。主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式;反之亦然。

1、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语，以及国家、组织和书报等的名称，作为一个整体，其谓语动词用单数。

Two thousand dollars is more than we can afford. The United States is a developed country.

The Chinese Communist Party is a great one. The Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories.

注意：

（1）the Olympic Games(奥运会)作主语时，其后的谓语动词要用复数。如:

The Olympic Games are held every four years

(2)另外，数词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，表示算式的主语，谓语动词用单复数皆可。如:

Ten is a round number.

Six times seven is / are forty-two.

2、某些集合名词，如:family (家，一家人)，team (队，全队成员)，group (组，全组成员)，crowd (群，一群人)，class (班，全班人)，government (政府，政府官员)，committee (委员会，委员会全体委员)，enemy (敌人，敌兵)，company (公司，公司全体职员)，club (俱乐部，俱乐部全体成员)等作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词要用单数形式是单数;如果作为个体(成员)看待，则其谓语动词要用复数形式。

The whole class were greatly moved at his words.

3、表示总称意义的名词，如:police(警察)，people(人民，人们)，cattle(牛)，youth(青年人)，(the)public(公众)，crew(全体船员，全体乘务员)等，单数形式代表复数的内容，这类“形单意复”的名词作主语时，其谓语动词总是用复数形式。

People from the United States stand closer than people from Britain when they are talking together.

4、Chinese, French，English，Japanese，Swiss 等名词作主语表示语言时，谓语动词用单数，表示人民时(其前有定冠词 the)则用复数。

The Chinese are brave and hard- working.

5.、有些以-s 结尾的表示疾病、游戏名称的名词以及以-ics 结尾的表示学科名称的名词，如:physics(物理)，politics(政治)，mathematics(数学)，gymnastics(体操)，statistics(统计学)以及 news 都属于“形复意单”的名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

News that our team won all the matches has just come.

6、 单复同形的名词，如:works(著作，作品，工厂，工事，工程)，means(方法，手段)，sheep(绵羊)，deer(鹿)，fish(鱼)，Japanese(日本人)，Chinese(中国人)，Swiss(瑞士人)，bellows(风箱，减压舱)等作主语时，如果表示单数意义，其后的谓语动词用单数，如果表示复数意义，其后的谓语动词用复数。

Every means is used to stop the water being polluted.

7、由两个相同部分组成的表示整体名称的词，如:glasses(眼镜)，trousers(裤子)，shoes(鞋子)，clothes(衣服)，shorts(短裤)，socks(短袜)，stockings(长袜)，slippers(拖鞋)，scissors(剪刀)，spectacles 眼镜)，compasses(圆规)，scales(天平)，chopsticks(筷子)等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。

Your trousers are dirty, you must have them washed.

注意：

有些词由a(this,that,one 等)pair(kind,type,piece,suit等)+of修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式;如果在 these / those pairs(kinds，types，pieces等)+of+复数名词之后，谓语动词要用复数形式。

These kinds of scissors are good.

8、只有复数形式的名词，如:belongings(所有物),surroundings(环境),doings(行为)，savings(储蓄)，findings(调