Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world (第一课时)复习+阅读组合训练 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版必修第三册

必修三Unit4 Scientists who changed the world(第一课时)复习+阅读组合训练 【学习目标】 1、复习必修三Unit4 Reading---Grammar usage词汇、短语和句型； 2、阅读组合训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 Part one 词汇派生 1．broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的→broadly adv.广泛地 2．intend vi.&vt.想要，计划；意指→intention n．打算 3．trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.&vt.测试，试验→try v．尝试 4．limited adj.有限的→limit n．& vt.限制 5．container n．容器；集装箱，货柜→contain vt.包含 6．beneficial adj.有益的，有用的→benefit n．益处 vt.对……有益处 7．illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于→illustration n．图解，图示 8．surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．周围的事物 9．indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n．表明；暗示 10．intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．才智 11．favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favorable adj.赞成的；讨人喜欢的 12．politician n．政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的 13．electricity n．电，电能→electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的 14．scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家 15．moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n．品行，道德；寓意→immoral adj.不道德的 16．apply vt.&vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→application n．申请；应用→applicant n．申请人 17．ignorance n．无知→ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的→ignore vt.忽视；不理睬 18．freedom n．自由→free adj.自由的；免费的→freely adv.自由地 19．permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能→permission n．允许，许可 20．responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务→responsible adj.负责任的 21．nationality n．国籍；民族→national adj.国家的；民族的→nation n．国家；民族 22．marriage n．结婚，婚姻；已婚状态→marry v．结婚 Part two Reading Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize 中国科学家荣获2015年诺贝尔奖 1.Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，她获奖是因为她为抗击疟疾所做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 (1)the first female scientist to receive a Nobel Prize ---动词不定式短语to receive 作 the first female scientist 的后置定语; (2)...., awarded for her contribution to...----awarded for her contribution 过去分词短语作状语; (3)one of the deadliest diseases in human history 是 malaria 的同位语 (4)deadly adj. 致命的；十足的，彻底的 the deadliest disease 最致命的疾病 (5)award n．奖，奖品，奖金 vt.授予，给予 award sth.to sb.＝award sb.sth.　把某物颁发给某人 award sb. for sth.　　因某事而奖励某人 be awarded for 因……而受奖 win/receive/get an award for sth. 因某事赢得/得到/获得奖项 单句语法填空 ①The boy (award) for bringing back the lost dog. ②A medal was awarded the best speller in the class. ③They awarded the first prize John. ④The movie has won a number of (award)． ⑤They have been ________ (dead) enemies ever since the experiment proved a failure. ⑥ (wander) along the street, he failed to notice the fading daylight and gradually lost track of time. 2.Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.得益于她发现的青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者有了大幅提高的存活率。 3.After graduation, she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. 屠呦呦于1930年出生于浙江宁波，1951年至1955年在北京读大学学习药学。毕业后，她在中医研究院工作。她完成了传统中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。 (1)Thanks to... 幸亏..... (2)survival n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物--survive vt.幸存,挺过;获得更长 vi活下来,仍然存在 ---survivor n.幸存者 【归纳用法】 A survive B (by.....) A比B活得长 survive on.... 依靠.....生存下来 After the traffic accident, no one survived except a girl who was badly injured.交通事故之后，除了一个受伤严重的女孩没有一个人幸存。 As a matter of fact, she survived her husband by five years.事实上，她比她丈夫多活了5年。 (3)graduation n. 毕业----graduate v.毕业 n.毕业生 (4)broad adj. 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的---broaden v.增长（经验、知识等）；变宽，变阔 ---broadly adv.广泛地 (5)..., acquiring a broad knowledge of ...---现在分词短语(doing)结果状语，表示自然而然的结果 (6)traditional Chinese medicine传统中医 Western medicine 西医 单句语法填空 (1)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our ________ (survive)． (2)________ (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time. (3)I treasure this as a good chance (broad) my mind as well as improve my spoken English. (4)Real change never comes overnight unless you accept the long and slow process, (set) aside impatience and anxiety. (5)The accident shocked the public, (cause) a hot debate over air pollution. (6)It has become popular at home and abroad, (attract) famous international football stars and over 40 teams from countries like France, Argentina and Brazil. 4.In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾，于是1969年屠呦呦成为一个团队负责人，该团队致力于找到疟疾疗法。 (1)...head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease-----that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a team (2)intend vt.& vi. 想要，计划；意指----intention n.打算；计划；目的；意图 【归纳短语】 ①intend to do/doing..... 打算做..... intend sb to do.... 打算让某人做...... be intended for.... 专门为....而设计的，专供....使用的 had intended to do...=intended to have done.... 本打算做某事（但没有做） ②have (no) intention of doing.../to do.... (没)有做某事的打算 My girlfriend and I intend to get married next year.我女朋友和我打算明年结婚。 I had intended to watch the game, but I had something more important to do.我本打算看这场比赛，但我有更重要的事要做。 I have no intention of retiring just yet.我现在还没打算退休。 【拓展】by intention=on purpose=intentionally=by design 故意地 反:by accident=by chance=accidentally 偶然地 单句语法填空 (1)He had intended ________ (come) to your birthday party, but his mother got ill that day. (2)I have every intention ________ paying her back what I owe her. (3)—Can I help you, sir? —Yes. I'd like a dictionary which is intended ________ an English beginner. (4)I have no ________ (intend) of allowing you to continue living here alone. (5)The way he explained to us was quite simple.(把从句补充完整：he explained the way to us，可以看出引导词在从句中作explained的宾语) (6)The way he explained the sentence was simple.(把从句补充完整：he explained the sentence in the way，可以看出引导词在从句中作状语) (7)The first lesson ___________ the old professor taught was not easily forgotten. (8)Mr. White told his wife the persons and things __________ he saw in China. 5.When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. 当它们未能产生任何有希望的效果时，屠呦呦就再次查阅中医典籍。 (1)fail to do... 未能做...... (2)promising adj.有希望的，有前途的 (3)refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 【归纳用法】 ①refer to... 查阅，参考；提到，谈及；指的是，涉及 refer...to.... 把....提交给....（以求获得帮助） refer to...as... 把....当作....;称....为..... ②in reference to 关于 for reference 以便于查阅，仅供参考 reference to sb 征询某人的意见 If he gives you any more trouble, refer him to me.如果他再找你麻烦，叫他来找我。 The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field. 这位科学家将这一发现称作是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新进展。 In reference to your question about cost, the tickets for the film are 35 yuan each.关于你咨询的费用问题，这部电影的票价是每张35元。 (1)写出下列句中refer to的含义 ①I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young man.________ ②She referred to the last page of the book for answers.________ ③These books refer to Asian problems.________ 答案：①指的是　②查阅　③涉及 (2)单句语法填空 ①The result of the research is for ________(refer) only. ②What I have to say ________ (refer) to all of you. ③Our economy is referred to ________ a free market one. ④With (refer) to your question, I’ll give you a detailed answer. (3)单句表达 总统在商业会议上讲话，讲了接近一个小时都没有看稿件。 The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour __________________________． 6.Inspired by an over 1,600­year­old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 在一本1，600年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的记载给了屠呦呦启发，她重新设计了试验，并尝试在低温下对这种草药进行提取，以不损害其有效成分。 (1)Inspired by an over 1,600­year­old text about.....---过去分词inspired by...作状语 (2)inspire v.激励,鼓舞---inspiration n.灵感---inspired adj.品质优秀的,能力卓越的---inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 inspired sb to do... 激励某人做..... (3)effective adj.有效的；实际的，事实上的---effectively adv.有效地；实际上--effect n.作用，影响 (4)experiment n.实验/v.进行实验，做试验----experimental adj.实验性的，试验性的 redesign the experiments 重新设计实验 单句语法填空 (1)Busy ________ (experiment) with his new machines, the engineer had no time to make the new information known to his colleagues. (2) (take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (3)We went to the cinema with the friendly household, (fill) with excitement. (4)The old man lay on the beach at ease, (expose) to the sun. (5)Students are encouraged to take part in (experiment) courses to stimulate creativity. 7.However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. 然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。 (1)it was hard to produce enough qinghao .....----it为形式主语，to produce enough qinghao extract是动词不定式短语作真正的主语，后面because research ... 为原因状语从句 (2)trial n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验　vi.& vt. 测试，试验 large trials 大规模试验 on trial 试用；受审 (3)limited adj. 有限的----limit n.界限；限度 v.限定，限制----limitless adj.无限制的，无界限的 【归纳用法】 ①be limited to.... 受限制于..... ②put/set a limit to... 对....限制 within the limits of.... 在.....的范围内 without limit无限制地 ③limit...to.... 把...限定在....的范围内 We are doing our best with the limited resources available.我们尽最大努力利用可获得的有限资源。 Our life has a limit, but knowledge is without limit.生命有限，知识无涯。 I've limited myself to 1，000 calories a day to lose weight.为了减肥我限定自己每天摄入1，000卡的热量。 (1)单句语法填空 ①In my opinion, keeping dogs should not be banned, but ________ (limit) to certain areas. ②The speed of cars and trucks is limited ________ 30 kilometers per hour in large cities in China. ③Water resource is vital to humans' survival and development, and it's ________ (limit)． ④A man's life is , but there is no to serving the people. I will devote my life to the job of serving the people.(limit)一个人的生命是有限的，可是，为人民服务是无限的。我要把有限的生命，投入到无限的为人民服务中去。 ⑤It is necessary for us (inform) of any change in the plan in advance. (2)单句表达 我们必须好好利用我们有限的时间和金钱。 We must make good use of our ____________________________． 8.Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem. When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs using household water containers. 屠呦呦和她的团队成功找到了解决这个问题的方法。当时没有研究设备，他们只好用家用储水的容器来提取草药。 (1)manage to do..... 设法完成做...... (2)the solution to... ....的解决办法 solve vt. 解答；解决 solve a problem 解决问题 (3)household adj. 家庭的，家用的，家务的; n. 一家人，家庭 (4)container n. 容器；集装箱，货柜---contain vt.包含 (5)equipment [U]设备；装备 a piece of equipment 一件设备 【拓展】equip vt. 装备；使有能力 equip...with... 用……装备…… equip sb.for (doing) sth. 使某人为(做)某事而准备，使某人具备做某事的条件 be equipped with...配备有……；装有……；装备有 单句语法填空 (1)With the aid of the teacher, the student (solve) the math problem eventually. (2)There are still many problems (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the moon. (3)The (solve) to last week's quiz is on page 81. (4)You must try to equip yourself enough knowledge. (5)A lot of new equipment (send) to that area so far. (6)The company has decided to buy some modern (equip)． (7 (equip) with some tools，the farmers walked into the mountain. (8)The new furniture in the (contain) was for the old people there. 9.Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. 然而，即使制造了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另外一个问题。由于没有足够的安全数据，对患者的试验可能会被推迟。 (1)with large amounts of qinghao extract produced----with的复合结构，此结构是with＋n.＋宾补，produced是过去分词作宾语补足语 (2)the trial on.... 对....的实验 (3)postpone vt. 延迟，延期=delay=put off 【区别】cancel=call off 取消 (4)sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的--sufficiently adv.充分地，足够地--sufficiency n.足量，充足 (5)be likely to do sth.可能做某事 It is likely that...可能…… 【拓展】unlikely adj.不大可能的 练习 (1)It is likely he is aware of the importance of the project. (2)Obviously, this is unlikely (be) the whole story. (3)He had this important machine ________ trial for a month. (4)We'll have to postpone the meeting ________ next week. (5)How do you think our head teacher will deal with the students (involve) in the theft? (6)The murderer was brought in, with his hands (tie) behind his back. (7)He didn’t tell us why he had postponed (reveal) the secret. (8)A lack of on storage makes the supplies , so we need food for the coming winter. (sufficient) (9)With midnight (approach) , Luo Yan takes his parents, wife and son outside to set off firecrackers. 10.To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. 为了加快进度并保证其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己身上试验青蒿提取物。屠呦呦和她的团队的努力最终得到了回报 (1) volunteer to do... 志愿做.... (2)test sth on sb 在某人身上实验某物 (3)speed up (使)加速 【拓展短语】 ①at a speed of.... 以.....速度 at high/low speed以高/低速 pick up speed 逐渐加速 ②speed by （时间）很快过去，飞逝-----反义：slow down “减速” Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们加快达到目标的速度。 This flight is now heading for Paris at a speed of 1，000 kilometres an hour.这次飞行现在正以每小时1，000公里的速度向巴黎出发。 (4)pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的；还清 【拓展短语】 pay for sth付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价 pay sb for sth 因某事物给某人报酬 pay back偿还（欠款）；报复 Loss of health is too high a price to pay for success.为了成功而搞坏身体，代价太高了。 He couldn't reasonably be expected to pay back the loan all at once.公平合理地讲，不可能指望他一下子归还全部借款 【注意】pay off表示“得到回报”时，是不及物动词短语，无被动语态，且一般用表示事物的名词作主语；表示“偿清”时，是及物动词短语，用人作主语，有被动语态 单句语法填空 (1)The car slowed down at the turning, so I speeded ________ to catch up with it. (2)How did the accident come about since he drove at ________ speed of sixty miles per hour? (3)The weeks sped ________ and soon it was time to go back to school. (4)At worst we'll have to sell the house so as to pay ________ our debts. (5)That I can pay backthe help people give me makes me happy. 11.Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. 也许新一代的科学家汲取中医的智慧，确实能发现更多有益于全世界医疗的药物。 (1)draw on/upon凭借，利用 【拓展短语】draw up起草，草拟 draw near时间、空间的临近 draw in车、船等到站 draw one’s attention引起某人的注意 draw back收回；后退；取消建议、计划、诺言等 draw near临近；靠近＝be approaching＝be around the corner draw...from...从……中得到/推断出…… (2)beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的---benefit v.使收益；得益于 n.优势，益处，福利 【拓展短语】 ①be beneficial to.... 对....有益 ②benefit from... 得益于...;从....中受益 be of benefit to...=be beneficial to... 对...有益 A good diet is beneficial to our health.＝A good diet benefits our health.＝A good diet is of benefit to our health.良好的饮食有利于我们的健康。 We should spend the money on things that everyone can benefit from.我们应该把这笔钱花在大家都能受益的事情上。 单句语法填空 (1)My grandfather often goes to the countryside, because he thinks a stay there will be ________ (benefit) to his health. (2)I hope what I have written will be of benefit ________ someone else who may feel the same way. (3)Mark Twain was brought up along the Mississippi River, which was ________ (benefit) to his writing. (4)The writer Mo Yan draws his childhood memories for the material of most of his stories. 作家莫言利用童年的回忆来作为他大部分小说的素材。 (5)The deadline (draw) near. Obviously, we can’t delay any more. 限期快到了，显然我们不能再拖延了。 (6)He (draw)up a working guideline already, which we have to follow next week. 他已拟出了我们下周必须执行的工作准则。 (7)At the sight of the snake，the little boy drew in fear. 一看到蛇，这个小男孩惊恐地向后退。 单句表达 做眼保健操对视力有益。 ______________________________ eye exercises. 12.By then, the fight against malaria had achieved only limited success.(P47)到那时，抗击疟疾的努力只取得了有限的成功 【归纳】“by+....”作状语时的句子时态 (1)“by+过去时间”，主句用过去完成时had done (2)“by+现在时间”，主句用现在完成时have/has done (3)“by+将来时间”，主句用将来完成时will have done ①By the end of last month, we had learnt more than 300 words.到上个月底，我们已经学了300多个单词了。 ②By now 516 Confucius Institutes have been founded in 142 countries and regions, according to the Confucius Institute Headquarters. 根据孔子学院总部的统计，到现在为止，全世界142个国家和地区已经建立了516个孔子学院。 ③The railway will have been completed by the end of next year.这条铁路将于明年年底前竣工。 单句语法填空 (1)Mike ________ (make) some friends in his new school by now. (2)By the time the doctor arrived at the spot, the patient ________ (die). (3)By the 1920s, he ____________ (become)an explorer, (search) for the tombs of the Egyptian kings. Part three Words in Grammar and usage 1.surround vt. 围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关(教材P48) ---surrounding adj.周围的---surroundings n.环境 【归纳用法】surround...with/by... 以....包围.... be surrounded by/with... 被...包围 They surrounded the sick girl with/by every comfort.他们尽力使那个生病的女孩感到舒适。 Once upon a time, a king who was polite to surrounding countries lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest and having wonderful surroundings.从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王，他对邻邦十分友好。 单句语法填空 ①They've surrounded the building ________ police. ②As a child I ________ (surround) by love and kindness. ③The shell ________ (surround) the egg has many important functions. ④ (surround) by the villagers，the visitors felt a little nervous. Surrounded ⑤The policemen decided to search the (surround)area. 2.by accident 偶然，意外地(教材P48)=by chance 【拓展by的短语】 by mistake 错误地 by design=on purpose 故意地；蓄意地 by hand 手工 by nature 天生地 Sometimes you may hurt others by accident/chance, but I believe you won't hurt them by design/on purpose. Until the 1980s almost all olives were packed into jars by hand.直到20世纪80年代，几乎所有的橄榄都是手工装罐的。 He was a loner by nature and by inclination.他天生不喜交际，且自己也无意于此。 单句语法填空 ①I can't find my book.Someone may (take)it by mistake. ②Your words sound as if I (do)it by design! ③It was by accident I met one of my old friends in the street. ④He did it purpose, (know) it would annoy her. 3.favour vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于　n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒(教材P48) ---favourable adj.有利的，赞许的---favourite adj.特别喜欢的 【拓展短语】 do sb a favour=do a favour for sb 帮某人一把，给某人以恩惠 do sb the favour to do.../of doing... 帮某人做某事 ask/beg sb a favour=ask/beg a favour of sb 请求某人帮个忙 in favour of.... 赞成，支持 Fortune favours those who use their judgment.[谚]智才天助。 I was not in favour of what is being done here.我并不赞成眼下正在做的这件事情。 The terms of the agreement are favourable to both sides.协议条款对双方都有利。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Can you do a favour ________ me and tell me when to get off? ②They were 247 votes in favour ________ the motion and 152 against. ③The applicant tried to make a (favour) impression on the employer. ④The mother is careful to show no favour any child (2)单句表达 我不会支持削减所得税。 I wouldn't ________________ income tax cuts. 4.charge vt.& vi. 充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满　n. 收费；控告；谴责；掌管(教材P49) 【归纳用法】 ①charge (sb) for sth 为.....（向某人）收费/要价 charge sb with sth 指控某人某事 be charged with... 被指控...... ②take charge of.... 负责/看管..... free of charge 免费 (sb) in charge of.... (由某人)主管/看管/负责......（多以人作主语） (sth) in/under the charge of sb=in one’s charge 在某人的掌管之下（多以物作主语） 【注意】类似的还有：in possession of, in the possession of; in control of, in the control of 等 They charged the buyer too much for the house ever belonging to their parents.对于那栋曾经属于他们父母的房子，他们向买方要了一个高价。 The police charged the thief with stealing the jewels.警方指控那个小偷偷窃珠宝。 The company is in the charge of Tom when the boss is away.＝Tom is in charge of the company when the boss is away.当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务 You're actually already in possession of one of your most important gifts: time. 你实际上已经拥有了最重要的礼物之一：时间。 A big farm is in the possession of them. 他们拥有一个大农场。 (1)单句语法填空 ①They charged me five dollars ________ a cup of coffee. ②As the Community Manager in KidPass, you'll be ________ charge of a vivid community for parents. ③The man wearing a blue hat was charged ________ theft in the supermarket. ④These courses are online, free ________ charge, and open to anyone in the world who has a laptop and an Internet connection. ⑤The policemen walked in and the young man (charge) by them followed. (2)单句表达 在两周的时间里，我们举办了一系列关于学习和运动的活动，其中一些是由英国学生负责的。 During the period of two weeks, we held a series of activities on study and sports and a few of them were ________________ English students. Part four Grammar (一)过去分词作定语 The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera.被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。（前置定语） Last Tuesday in a mountainous area，there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately(＝which were killed almost immediately) when lightning struck.（后置定语） 上周二在一个山区，有173只羊在被闪电击中时即刻死亡。 【注意】(1)过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别 　　　　意义 形式 语态 时态 过去分词 被动 完成 现在分词 主动 进行 As we all know，China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 The visitor came from a developed country.这位游客来自一个发达国家。 (2)过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别 　　　　意义 形式 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 尚未发生 The building built last year is our classroom building.去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building being built now is our classroom building.现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building to be built next month is our classroom building.下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 (二)过去分词作状语 过去分词(短语)作状语，表示被动的或完成的动作，这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。 Written in a hurry，this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 本句中的written即为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写完。 过去分词通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。 ①Asked about his address (＝When he was asked about his address)，the boy didn’t respond.---相当于一个时间状语从句 ②Annoyed at the decision(＝As he was annoyed at the decision)，he refused to attend the meeting.---相当于一个原因状语从句 ③Given more time (＝If they were given more time)，the trees could grow taller.---相当于一个条件状语从句 如果再多给一点时间，这些树会长得更高。 ④Though having been warned of the storm (＝Though they had been warned of the storm)，the farmers were still working in the fields.---相当于一个让步状语从句 ⑤Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the classroom.--伴随状语 【注意】 部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,she didn’t hear the sound.沉溺于思考中，她没有听到那个声音。 Born in this beautiful town，the girl hates to leave it.出生于这个美丽的小镇，女孩不愿离开它。 (三)过去分词作宾补 1．过去分词用在表状态的keep, leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。 He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast untouched.他起床晚了，没吃早饭就匆忙去上班了。 2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。 Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱儿对行李进行了安检。 They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.他们用很简单的英语来使他们自己被理解。 3．感官动词see，hear, notice, observe, watch等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。 4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如want, wish, expect, order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。 5．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked. 客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备摆放即将做好的饭菜。 John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. 约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也做完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。 单句语法填空 (1)The ________ (pollute) water was to blame for the spread of cholera. (2)Last Monday in a mountainous area, there were a total of 173 sheep ________ (kill) almost immediately when lightning struck. (3)________ (ask) about his address, the girl didn't respond. (4)________ (write) in a hurry, this article was not so good. (5)Jesse had her luggage ________ (check) an hour before her plane left. (6)When we saw the road ________ (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. (7)The students were usually made ________ (recite) the text. (8)He found his hometown greatly ________ (change)． (9)We read newspapers and watch TV every day to keep ourselves ________ (inform) of what is happening in the world. (10)________ (name) after an ancient Chinese god of fire, Zhurong (祝融号) is now about 320 million kilometers from the earth. (11)________ (locate) in Shanghai's coastal Lingang area, the Shanghai Astronomy Museum covers 38,000 square meters. (12) (bury) in reading the legend of a master in basketball, he didn’t arrive at school on time. (13)Despite (apply)for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work. 单句表达 (1)据报道，这两位致力于科研的科学家将会被授予荣誉勋章。(过去分词作定语) It is reported that the two scientists ________________________ will be awarded medals of honor. (2)一到机场，这个医生就发现他被记者包围了。(过去分词作宾补) Upon arriving at the airport, the doctor ____________________ journalists. (3)随着在加利福尼亚金子的发现，许多人从世界各地蜂拥而至来寻找他们的财富。(过去分词作宾补) ____________________ California, many people came from all over the world to seek their fortune. (4)当被要求居家保持社交距离时，很多人用各种活动自娱自乐。(过去分词作状语) ________________ stay at home and keep social distance, many people entertain themselves with all kinds of activities. (5)面对压力，我们应该学会放松自己。(过去分词作状语) ________________， we should learn to relax ourselves. 阅读理解 It’s commonly thought that boys perform better than girls in math and science. Researchers have challenged that stereotype (刻板印象) for a long time, and a recent study, published in the journal Nature Communications in September, found a new way to attack it. The study found that women are better than men at sustaining (维持) their performance on longer tests, including math and science. Researchers Pau Balart, from the University of the Balearic Islands in Spain, and Matthijs Oosterveen from Erasmus University in the Netherlands, analyzed (分析) data collected every three years from 2006 to 2015. The data came from 74 countries and regions, for the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). This is a standardized test of 15-year-old students’ performance in reading, math and science. Their earlier results agreed with earlier findings that boys do better than girls in math and science. But when they compared the two groups’ scores at different stages of the test, girls tended to perform more stably (稳定地) in math and science, while boys started getting fewer correct answers. Although boys seemed to show advantages from the start in math and science, the authors wrote, “This finding suggests that longer tests shrink it in math and science,” according to Nature. To prove this, the researchers analyzed another database with over 400 math tests, which lasted longer than PISA’s two hours. They found that, at least for math, the scoring gap between boys and girls decreased. This isn’t the observation of better test endurance (忍耐力) in women. Oxford University used to add an extra 15 minutes to its math and computer science exams. They found female students’ scores improved. Olga Shurchkov, an associate professor at Wellesley College in the US, told Newsweek: “This study is important because it provides cross-country evidence that suggests these gender (性别) gaps can be reduced.” In her earlier study, she found that, given more time, women tended to be more careful and make fewer mistakes. They also were less likely to quit a task early. This also supports the finding of the present study. 9．What did the new study find? A．Boys are better than girls at math and science. B．Girls usually do better than boys in shorter tests. C．Girls prefer longer math and science tests than boys. D．The length of a test affects girls and boys’ scores. 10．What does the underlined word “shrink” probably mean? A．Make something smaller. B．Make something larger. C．Keep something the same. D．Make something appear. 11．As to the findings about female students on tests, which of the following is true? A．They were more likely to give up on longer tests. B．They were not as quick at thinking as male students. C．They tended to perform better at the beginning of a test. D．They tended to be more patient and careful on longer tests. 12．According to the text, what is the importance of the study? A．It answered questions raised by earlier studies. B．It could help to reduce gender gaps on tests. C．It could attract girls to study math and science. D．It is the first cross-country study of gender gaps on tests. 综合填空一 Many Greek philosophers were at the same time scientists. Thus Plato was a mathematician and Aristotle contributed to zoology. Aristotle, indeed, started methodical research, patiently 1 (collect) material and laying 2 (mass) foundations (基础) for modern science. Before Plato and Aristotle, there had been scientist-philosophers. After them, Greek science made further advances. Two men may be mentioned for 3 they did to push science forward. Both lived in the 3rd century B．C． Euclid is even now well-known for his Elements, a textbook of geometry (几何学) , perhaps the most successful textbook ever 4 (write), because it was in use in English schools until the early years of the 20th century. Archimedes did important work not only in geometry, but also in arithmetic(算术), mechanics and hydro-static (静水力学). He discovered that when 5 body is immersed in water, its loss of weight is equal to the weight of the water displaced (排水). He invented machines which greatly helped his native city 6 the Romans. 7 (illustrate) the principle of the lever (杠杆), he is said to tell the king: “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.” Greek science did not neglect 8 (apply). Mathematics, the purest of science was applied in at least five fields. Greek scientists collected a wealth of material and tried to find the proper method of doing scientific work. As a result, they were able to deduce (推断) theories and built up systems, 9 had a great influence on later scientists. 10 they failed to create conditions for the continuous growth of science. It is there that great changes began in the 17th and 18th centuries and it is this that set off modern from ancient science. 综合填空二 A Respectable Watermelon Expert China has been 1 (large)producer and consumer of watermelons in the world since 2018. And Wu Mingzhu, 92 years old now, is the unsung hero 2 has helped make this possible. It’s fair to say that about 80 percent of the watermelons served at people’s dining tables every day 3 (be)the result of great efforts made by Wu and her team over more than 60 years. 4 (admit)to Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing in the late 1940s, Wu is an alumnus (校友) of Yuan Longping, the “father of hybrid rice”. After two years of application 5 (fail), Wu succeeded in realizing her dream of starting her career in Xinjiang in 1955. Since then, she has put herself 6 growing sweet melons. Wu’s efforts to grow quality melons began paying off in 1973, 7 she set up an off-season growing base in Hainan. Going and returning between Xinjiang and Hainan frequently for many years, Wu developed more than 20,000 of China’s new seed kinds through off-season growing. Wu’s contribution has won her many praises. She became a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1999 and 8 honorary citizen of Sanya in 2004. In addition, growers call her the “Queen of Melons”. Now 9 (suffer)from Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默) disease, Wu is often unable to recognize her former colleagues or even her family members. However, the memory of her melon work 10 (remain) in her mind. 完形填空 When buying a smartphone, I keep my criteria simple. If the device can handle WeChat, phone calls, and 1 the Internet, I purchase it. If it’s too expensive, I 2 it. This approach to acquiring smartphones 3 for me as I keep my needs basic. Aside from saving myself money, I may have also saved myself from some wounds or burns which I might get if I chose a flawed phone. A few years ago, things 4 for Samsung — literally. One of Samsung’s innovations was called the Note7. Sadly, it was discontinued (停产) only 38 days after being made available for consumption. At first, a few customers complained that their phones caught fire while being 5 . Samsung, being responsible, launched an investigation to 6 the cases. They issued a global 7 on 1 September, but it was taken merely as a suggestion and not seen as 8 . Then the tech giant gave a stronger message to worldwide customers, saying all owners must stop using their Note7s immediately. Commercial forces encourage tech companies to push the envelope and produce new products every few months. Sometimes, a conflict of interests can occur. The greed for innovation has a funny way of causing 9 for the basics — like safety — and the Note7’s situation is just one example of this. The device 10 all kinds of cool features, including a super-high-resolution camera, an iris scanner and an especially powerful 11 . Ideally, manufacturers should consider all relevant aspects when creating new commodities. Samsung has both the money and technical know-how to prevent such negligence. The Note7’s 12 was most likely rushed in order to make more profit, which 13 having the opposite effect. Time will tell how much this oversight will cost with respect to Samsung’s fame and future. 14 , many people assumed that Samsung could eventually come back over the horizon and restore its reputation as a manufacturer of excellent smartphones if its new models had no major flaw. In the smartphone industry, intense competition will only bring more benefit to consumers. If there were only one 15 company, we would be left with no options for top-of-the-line phones. 1．A．surf B．access C．launch D．process 2．A．buy B．desire C．recommend D．abandon 3．A．works B．checks C．helps D．adapts 4．A．grew up B．brought up C．blew up D．dug up 5．A．locked B．broadcast C．charged D．carried 6．A．look over B．look through C．look up D．look into 7．A．recycle B．restore C．recover D．recall 8．A．aggressive B．desperate C．anxious D．urgent 9．A．neglect B．need C．demand D．application 10．A．causes B．boasts C．defines D．forbids 11．A．battery B．screen C．chip D．frame 12．A．campaign B．promotion C．invention D．release 13．A．ended up B．served for C．acted out D．turned over 14．A．Consequently B．Therefore C．Furthermore D．Nevertheless 15．A．flexible B．ambitious C．dominant D．feasible 七选五练习 The Internet is a powerful tool that can be used to connect like-minded people and communities. 11 Research suggests that up to 7 in 10 young people have experienced online abuse at some point. The term ‘cyberbullying’ (网络欺凌) is often treated as a special phenomenon, but it is an extension of bullying, which is an age-old problem. 12 Actually, with communication technology being significant in modern living, some young people have very little opportunity to escape the abuse. It is consistently found that about one in two young people who experience bullying never tell anyone out of fear, embarrassment or a lack of faith in support systems. Abuse, whether online or offline, affects the mental and physical health of young people and generates increasing stress and anxiety. 13 For example, there are no geographical limits to membership or communication; it is now possible for someone to receive abuse beyond their own offline community. Not all cyberbullying is brought about by people who know the recipient (被欺凌者) and it is often sent anonymously (匿名地). 14 Anonymous bullying can greatly weaken the confidence and sense of safety for those receiving it. It can often be more harmful than abuse from someone the person knows. A world that is truly fair and equal requires a culture of respect and mutual understanding. An interconnected world requires communication standards to which all observe. 15 A．The Internet poses unique challenges in terms of abuse. B．That makes it harder to confirm where the abuse comes from. C．With that goal in mind, we still have a long journey ahead of us. D．Meanwhile it is also often used as a platform to hurt and abuse people. E．Cyberbullying often harms the dignity of recipients in an incredibly public way. F．Many young people who have been bullied remain in a continuous state of fear. G．Traditionally, bullying often existed in the educational environment, with the home being a safe shelter 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Through our lives, we can gain a lot and lose so much. But being honest should always be with us, as honesty is always regarded as a virtue. Every time I talk about the topic, something crowds in my mind as if it had just happened. I was 16 when one morning, Dad told me I could drive him to Mijas and then take the car in a nearby garage to get it serviced. At that time, I had just passed the driving test, and I hardly had a chance to use the car, so I said yes without hesitation. I drove my father to Mijas, promising to pick him up again at 4 pm, then I went to a nearby garage, and put the car in there. Since I had several hours to spare, I decided to go to a movie theater near the garage to see the movie. However, I was so absorbed in the plot of the movie that I forgot the time. When the last movie finished, I looked at my watch： 6 pm. I was two hours late! I thought my father would be very angry if he knew what I was doing. And he would never let me drive again. So I decided to make up an excuse. Then, I drove to the appointed place, my father was sitting in a corner, waiting patiently. I first apologized for being late, then told him that I wanted to get there as soon as possible, but that something was wrong with some of the main parts of the car. I would never forget the way he looked at me. “I'm very disappointed that you thought you had to lie to me, Jason.” My father looked at me again and said, “When you didn't show up on time, I called the gas station and asked if there was anything wrong They told me you never picked up the car. So, you see, I know there's nothing wrong with the car at all." 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A wave of guilt swept over me and I had to admit the fact that I had gone to the movies and that was the real reason why I was late. But father, it's exactly eighteen miles home from here , and it's dark. You can't walk back. "  I begged. 第2页 | 共4页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 必修三Unit4 Scientists who changed the world(第一课时)复习+阅读组合训练 【学习目标】 1、复习必修三Unit4 Reading---Grammar usage词汇、短语和句型； 2、阅读组合训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 Part one 词汇派生 1．broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的→broadly adv.广泛地 2．intend vi.&vt.想要，计划；意指→intention n．打算 3．trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.&vt.测试，试验→try v．尝试 4．limited adj.有限的→limit n．& vt.限制 5．container n．容器；集装箱，货柜→contain vt.包含 6．beneficial adj.有益的，有用的→benefit n．益处 vt.对……有益处 7．illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于→illustration n．图解，图示 8．surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．周围的事物 9．indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n．表明；暗示 10．intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．才智 11．favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favorable adj.赞成的；讨人喜欢的 12．politician n．政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的 13．electricity n．电，电能→electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的 14．scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家 15．moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n．品行，道德；寓意→immoral adj.不道德的 16．apply vt.&vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→application n．申请；应用→applicant n．申请人 17．ignorance n．无知→ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的→ignore vt.忽视；不理睬 18．freedom n．自由→free adj.自由的；免费的→freely adv.自由地 19．permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能→permission n．允许，许可 20．responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务→responsible adj.负责任的 21．nationality n．国籍；民族→national adj.国家的；民族的→nation n．国家；民族 22．marriage n．结婚，婚姻；已婚状态→marry v．结婚 Part two Reading Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize 中国科学家荣获2015年诺贝尔奖 1.Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，她获奖是因为她为抗击疟疾所做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 (1)the first female scientist to receive a Nobel Prize ---动词不定式短语to receive 作 the first female scientist 的后置定语; (2)...., awarded for her contribution to...----awarded for her contribution 过去分词短语作状语; (3)one of the deadliest diseases in human history 是 malaria 的同位语 (4)deadly adj. 致命的；十足的，彻底的 the deadliest disease 最致命的疾病 (5)award n．奖，奖品，奖金 vt.授予，给予 award sth.to sb.＝award sb.sth.　把某物颁发给某人 award sb. for sth.　　因某事而奖励某人 be awarded for 因……而受奖 win/receive/get an award for sth. 因某事赢得/得到/获得奖项 单句语法填空 ①The boy was awarded (award) for bringing back the lost dog. ②A medal was awarded to the best speller in the class. ③They awarded the first prize to John. ④The movie has won a number of awards(award)． ⑤They have been ________ (dead) enemies ever since the experiment proved a failure. 答案：deadly ⑥ (wander) along the street, he failed to notice the fading daylight and gradually lost track of time. 【答案】Wandering 2.Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.得益于她发现的青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者有了大幅提高的存活率。 3.After graduation, she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. 屠呦呦于1930年出生于浙江宁波，1951年至1955年在北京读大学学习药学。毕业后，她在中医研究院工作。她完成了传统中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。 (1)Thanks to... 幸亏..... (2)survival n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物--survive vt.幸存,挺过;获得更长 vi活下来,仍然存在 ---survivor n.幸存者 【归纳用法】 A survive B (by.....) A比B活得长 survive on.... 依靠.....生存下来 After the traffic accident, no one survived except a girl who was badly injured.交通事故之后，除了一个受伤严重的女孩没有一个人幸存。 As a matter of fact, she survived her husband by five years.事实上，她比她丈夫多活了5年。 (3)graduation n. 毕业----graduate v.毕业 n.毕业生 (4)broad adj. 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的---broaden v.增长（经验、知识等）；变宽，变阔 ---broadly adv.广泛地 (5)..., acquiring a broad knowledge of ...---现在分词短语(doing)结果状语，表示自然而然的结果 (6)traditional Chinese medicine传统中医 Western medicine 西医 单句语法填空 (1)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our ________ (survive)． (2)________ (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time. 答案：①survival　②Survivors (3)I treasure this as a good chance to broaden (broad) my mind as well as improve my spoken English. (4)Real change never comes overnight unless you accept the long and slow process, (set) aside impatience and anxiety. setting (5)The accident shocked the public, (cause) a hot debate over air pollution. causing (6)It has become popular at home and abroad, (attract) famous international football stars and over 40 teams from countries like France, Argentina and Brazil. attracting 4.In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾，于是1969年屠呦呦成为一个团队负责人，该团队致力于找到疟疾疗法。 (1)...head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease-----that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a team (2)intend vt.& vi. 想要，计划；意指----intention n.打算；计划；目的；意图 【归纳短语】 ①intend to do/doing..... 打算做..... intend sb to do.... 打算让某人做...... be intended for.... 专门为....而设计的，专供....使用的 had intended to do...=intended to have done.... 本打算做某事（但没有做） ②have (no) intention of doing.../to do.... (没)有做某事的打算 My girlfriend and I intend to get married next year.我女朋友和我打算明年结婚。 I had intended to watch the game, but I had something more important to do.我本打算看这场比赛，但我有更重要的事要做。 I have no intention of retiring just yet.我现在还没打算退休。 【拓展】by intention=on purpose=intentionally=by design 故意地 反:by accident=by chance=accidentally 偶然地 单句语法填空 (1)He had intended ________ (come) to your birthday party, but his mother got ill that day. (2)I have every intention ________ paying her back what I owe her. (3)—Can I help you, sir? —Yes. I'd like a dictionary which is intended ________ an English beginner. (4)I have no ________ (intend) of allowing you to continue living here alone. ①to come　②of　③for 4.intention (5)The way that/which he explained to us was quite simple.(把从句补充完整：he explained the way to us，可以看出引导词在从句中作explained的宾语) (6)The way that/in which he explained the sentence was simple.(把从句补充完整：he explained the sentence in the way，可以看出引导词在从句中作状语) (7)The first lesson ___________ the old professor taught was not easily forgotten. that (8)Mr. White told his wife the persons and things __________ he saw in China. that 5.When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. 当它们未能产生任何有希望的效果时，屠呦呦就再次查阅中医典籍。 (1)fail to do... 未能做...... (2)promising adj.有希望的，有前途的 (3)refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 【归纳用法】 ①refer to... 查阅，参考；提到，谈及；指的是，涉及 refer...to.... 把....提交给....（以求获得帮助） refer to...as... 把....当作....;称....为..... ②in reference to 关于 for reference 以便于查阅，仅供参考 reference to sb 征询某人的意见 If he gives you any more trouble, refer him to me.如果他再找你麻烦，叫他来找我。 The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field. 这位科学家将这一发现称作是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新进展。 In reference to your question about cost, the tickets for the film are 35 yuan each.关于你咨询的费用问题，这部电影的票价是每张35元。 (1)写出下列句中refer to的含义 ①I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young man.________ ②She referred to the last page of the book for answers.________ ③These books refer to Asian problems.________ 答案：①指的是　②查阅　③涉及 (2)单句语法填空 ①The result of the research is for ________(refer) only. ②What I have to say ________ (refer) to all of you. ③Our economy is referred to ________ a free market one. 答案：①reference　②refers　③as ④With reference (refer) to your question, I’ll give you a detailed answer. (3)单句表达 总统在商业会议上讲话，讲了接近一个小时都没有看稿件。 The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour __________________________． 答案：without referring to his notes 6.Inspired by an over 1,600­year­old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 在一本1，600年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的记载给了屠呦呦启发，她重新设计了试验，并尝试在低温下对这种草药进行提取，以不损害其有效成分。 (1)Inspired by an over 1,600­year­old text about.....---过去分词inspired by...作状语 (2)inspire v.激励,鼓舞---inspiration n.灵感---inspired adj.品质优秀的,能力卓越的---inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 inspired sb to do... 激励某人做..... (3)effective adj.有效的；实际的，事实上的---effectively adv.有效地；实际上--effect n.作用，影响 (4)experiment n.实验/v.进行实验，做试验----experimental adj.实验性的，试验性的 redesign the experiments 重新设计实验 单句语法填空 (1)Busy ________ (experiment) with his new machines, the engineer had no time to make the new information known to his colleagues. 答案：experimenting (2) (take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. taken (3)We went to the cinema with the friendly household, (fill) with excitement. filled (4)The old man lay on the beach at ease, (expose) to the sun. exposed (5)Students are encouraged to take part in experimental (experiment) courses to stimulate creativity. 7.However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. 然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。 (1)it was hard to produce enough qinghao .....----it为形式主语，to produce enough qinghao extract是动词不定式短语作真正的主语，后面because research ... 为原因状语从句 (2)trial n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验　vi.& vt. 测试，试验 large trials 大规模试验 on trial 试用；受审 (3)limited adj. 有限的----limit n.界限；限度 v.限定，限制----limitless adj.无限制的，无界限的 【归纳用法】 ①be limited to.... 受限制于..... ②put/set a limit to... 对....限制 within the limits of.... 在.....的范围内 without limit无限制地 ③limit...to.... 把...限定在....的范围内 We are doing our best with the limited resources available.我们尽最大努力利用可获得的有限资源。 Our life has a limit, but knowledge is without limit.生命有限，知识无涯。 I've limited myself to 1，000 calories a day to lose weight.为了减肥我限定自己每天摄入1，000卡的热量。 (1)单句语法填空 ①In my opinion, keeping dogs should not be banned, but ________ (limit) to certain areas. ②The speed of cars and trucks is limited ________ 30 kilometers per hour in large cities in China. 答案：①limited　②to ③Water resource is vital to humans' survival and development, and it's ________ (limit)． 答案：limited ④A man's life is limited, but there is no limit to serving the people. I will devote my limited life to the limitless job of serving the people.(limit)一个人的生命是有限的，可是，为人民服务是无限的。我要把有限的生命，投入到无限的为人民服务中去。 ⑤It is necessary for us (inform) of any change in the plan in advance. 【答案】to be informed (2)单句表达 我们必须好好利用我们有限的时间和金钱。 We must make good use of our ____________________________． 答案：limited time and money 8.Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem. When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs using household water containers. 屠呦呦和她的团队成功找到了解决这个问题的方法。当时没有研究设备，他们只好用家用储水的容器来提取草药。 (1)manage to do..... 设法完成做...... (2)the solution to... ....的解决办法 solve vt. 解答；解决 solve a problem 解决问题 (3)household adj. 家庭的，家用的，家务的; n. 一家人，家庭 (4)container n. 容器；集装箱，货柜---contain vt.包含 (5)equipment [U]设备；装备 a piece of equipment 一件设备 【拓展】equip vt. 装备；使有能力 equip...with... 用……装备…… equip sb.for (doing) sth. 使某人为(做)某事而准备，使某人具备做某事的条件 be equipped with...配备有……；装有……；装备有 单句语法填空 (1)With the aid of the teacher, the student solved(solve) the math problem eventually. (2)There are still many problems to_be_solved(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the moon. (3)The solution (solve) to last week's quiz is on page 81. (4)You must try to equip yourself with enough knowledge. (5)A lot of new equipment has been sent(send) to that area so far. (6)The company has decided to buy some modern equipment(equip)． (7)Equipped(equip) with some tools，the farmers walked into the mountain. (8)The new furniture in the (contain) was for the old people there. container 9.Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. 然而，即使制造了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另外一个问题。由于没有足够的安全数据，对患者的试验可能会被推迟。 (1)with large amounts of qinghao extract produced----with的复合结构，此结构是with＋n.＋宾补，produced是过去分词作宾语补足语 (2)the trial on.... 对....的实验 (3)postpone vt. 延迟，延期=delay=put off 【区别】cancel=call off 取消 (4)sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的--sufficiently adv.充分地，足够地--sufficiency n.足量，充足 (5)be likely to do sth.可能做某事 It is likely that...可能…… 【拓展】unlikely adj.不大可能的 练习 (1)It is likely that he is aware of the importance of the project. (2)Obviously, this is unlikely to be (be) the whole story. (3)He had this important machine ________ trial for a month. 答案：on (4)We'll have to postpone the meeting ________ next week. 答案：until (5)How do you think our head teacher will deal with the students (involve) in the theft? involved (6)The murderer was brought in, with his hands (tie) behind his back. tied (7)He didn’t tell us why he had postponed (reveal) the secret. revealing (8)A lack of sufficiency on storage makes the supplies insufficient, so we need sufficient food for the coming winter. (sufficient) (9)With midnight (approach) , Luo Yan takes his parents, wife and son outside to set off firecrackers. 【答案】approaching 10.To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. 为了加快进度并保证其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己身上试验青蒿提取物。屠呦呦和她的团队的努力最终得到了回报 (1) volunteer to do... 志愿做.... (2)test sth on sb 在某人身上实验某物 (3)speed up (使)加速 【拓展短语】 ①at a speed of.... 以.....速度 at high/low speed以高/低速 pick up speed 逐渐加速 ②speed by （时间）很快过去，飞逝-----反义：slow down “减速” Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们加快达到目标的速度。 This flight is now heading for Paris at a speed of 1，000 kilometres an hour.这次飞行现在正以每小时1，000公里的速度向巴黎出发。 (4)pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的；还清 【拓展短语】 pay for sth付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价 pay sb for sth 因某事物给某人报酬 pay back偿还（欠款）；报复 Loss of health is too high a price to pay for success.为了成功而搞坏身体，代价太高了。 He couldn't reasonably be expected to pay back the loan all at once.公平合理地讲，不可能指望他一下子归还全部借款 【注意】pay off表示“得到回报”时，是不及物动词短语，无被动语态，且一般用表示事物的名词作主语；表示“偿清”时，是及物动词短语，用人作主语，有被动语态 单句语法填空 (1)The car slowed down at the turning, so I speeded ________ to catch up with it. (2)How did the accident come about since he drove at ________ speed of sixty miles per hour? (3)The weeks sped ________ and soon it was time to go back to school. 答案：①up　②a　③by (4)At worst we'll have to sell the house so as to pay ________ our debts. (5)That I can pay backthe help people give me makes me happy. 答案：①off　②back 11.Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. 也许新一代的科学家汲取中医的智慧，确实能发现更多有益于全世界医疗的药物。 (1)draw on/upon凭借，利用 【拓展短语】draw up起草，草拟 draw near时间、空间的临近 draw in车、船等到站 draw one’s attention引起某人的注意 draw back收回；后退；取消建议、计划、诺言等 draw near临近；靠近＝be approaching＝be around the corner draw...from...从……中得到/推断出…… (2)beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的---benefit v.使收益；得益于 n.优势，益处，福利 【拓展短语】 ①be beneficial to.... 对....有益 ②benefit from... 得益于...;从....中受益 be of benefit to...=be beneficial to... 对...有益 A good diet is beneficial to our health.＝A good diet benefits our health.＝A good diet is of benefit to our health.良好的饮食有利于我们的健康。 We should spend the money on things that everyone can benefit from.我们应该把这笔钱花在大家都能受益的事情上。 单句语法填空 (1)My grandfather often goes to the countryside, because he thinks a stay there will be ________ (benefit) to his health. (2)I hope what I have written will be of benefit ________ someone else who may feel the same way. (3)Mark Twain was brought up along the Mississippi River, which was ________ (benefit) to his writing. 1.beneficial　2.to 3.beneficial (4)The writer Mo Yan draws on/upon his childhood memories for the material of most of his stories. 作家莫言利用童年的回忆来作为他大部分小说的素材。 (5)The deadline is drawing(draw) near. Obviously, we can’t delay any more. 限期快到了，显然我们不能再拖延了。 (6)He has drawn (draw)up a working guideline already, which we have to follow next week. 他已拟出了我们下周必须执行的工作准则。 (7)At the sight of the snake，the little boy drew back in fear. 一看到蛇，这个小男孩惊恐地向后退。 单句表达 做眼保健操对视力有益。 ______________________________ eye exercises. 答案：It is beneficial to eyesight to do 12.By then, the fight against malaria had achieved only limited success.(P47)到那时，抗击疟疾的努力只取得了有限的成功 【归纳】“by+....”作状语时的句子时态 (1)“by+过去时间”，主句用过去完成时had done (2)“by+现在时间”，主句用现在完成时have/has done (3)“by+将来时间”，主句用将来完成时will have done ①By the end of last month, we had learnt more than 300 words.到上个月底，我们已经学了300多个单词了。 ②By now 516 Confucius Institutes have been founded in 142 countries and regions, according to the Confucius Institute Headquarters. 根据孔子学院总部的统计，到现在为止，全世界142个国家和地区已经建立了516个孔子学院。 ③The railway will have been completed by the end of next year.这条铁路将于明年年底前竣工。 单句语法填空 (1)Mike ________ (make) some friends in his new school by now. (2)By the time the doctor arrived at the spot, the patient ________ (die). (3)By the 1920s, he ____________ (become)an explorer, searching (search) for the tombs of the Egyptian kings. ①has made　②had died 3.had become Part three Words in Grammar and usage 1.surround vt. 围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关(教材P48) ---surrounding adj.周围的---surroundings n.环境 【归纳用法】surround...with/by... 以....包围.... be surrounded by/with... 被...包围 They surrounded the sick girl with/by every comfort.他们尽力使那个生病的女孩感到舒适。 Once upon a time, a king who was polite to surrounding countries lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest and having wonderful surroundings.从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王，他对邻邦十分友好。 单句语法填空 ①They've surrounded the building ________ police. ②As a child I ________ (surround) by love and kindness. ③The shell ________ (surround) the egg has many important functions. ④ (surround) by the villagers，the visitors felt a little nervous. Surrounded 答案：①with/by　②was surrounded　③surrounding ⑤The policemen decided to search the surrounding(surround)area. 2.by accident 偶然，意外地(教材P48)=by chance 【拓展by的短语】 by mistake 错误地 by design=on purpose 故意地；蓄意地 by hand 手工 by nature 天生地 Sometimes you may hurt others by accident/chance, but I believe you won't hurt them by design/on purpose. Until the 1980s almost all olives were packed into jars by hand.直到20世纪80年代，几乎所有的橄榄都是手工装罐的。 He was a loner by nature and by inclination.他天生不喜交际，且自己也无意于此。 单句语法填空 ①I can't find my book.Someone may have taken (take)it by mistake. ②Your words sound as if I did (do)it by design! ③It was by accident that I met one of my old friends in the street. ④He did it on purpose, knowing (know) it would annoy her. 3.favour vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于　n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒(教材P48) ---favourable adj.有利的，赞许的---favourite adj.特别喜欢的 【拓展短语】 do sb a favour=do a favour for sb 帮某人一把，给某人以恩惠 do sb the favour to do.../of doing... 帮某人做某事 ask/beg sb a favour=ask/beg a favour of sb 请求某人帮个忙 in favour of.... 赞成，支持 Fortune favours those who use their judgment.[谚]智才天助。 I was not in favour of what is being done here.我并不赞成眼下正在做的这件事情。 The terms of the agreement are favourable to both sides.协议条款对双方都有利。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Can you do a favour ________ me and tell me when to get off? ②They were 247 votes in favour ________ the motion and 152 against. 答案：①for　②of ③The applicant tried to make a (favour) impression on the employer. favorable ④The mother is careful to show no favour to any child (2)单句表达 我不会支持削减所得税。 I wouldn't ________________ income tax cuts. 答案：be in favour of 4.charge vt.& vi. 充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满　n. 收费；控告；谴责；掌管(教材P49) 【归纳用法】 ①charge (sb) for sth 为.....（向某人）收费/要价 charge sb with sth 指控某人某事 be charged with... 被指控...... ②take charge of.... 负责/看管..... free of charge 免费 (sb) in charge of.... (由某人)主管/看管/负责......（多以人作主语） (sth) in/under the charge of sb=in one’s charge 在某人的掌管之下（多以物作主语） 【注意】类似的还有：in possession of, in the possession of; in control of, in the control of 等 They charged the buyer too much for the house ever belonging to their parents.对于那栋曾经属于他们父母的房子，他们向买方要了一个高价。 The police charged the thief with stealing the jewels.警方指控那个小偷偷窃珠宝。 The company is in the charge of Tom when the boss is away.＝Tom is in charge of the company when the boss is away.当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务 You're actually already in possession of one of your most important gifts: time. 你实际上已经拥有了最重要的礼物之一：时间。 A big farm is in the possession of them. 他们拥有一个大农场。 (1)单句语法填空 ①They charged me five dollars ________ a cup of coffee. ②As the Community Manager in KidPass, you'll be ________ charge of a vivid community for parents. ③The man wearing a blue hat was charged ________ theft in the supermarket. ④These courses are online, free ________ charge, and open to anyone in the world who has a laptop and an Internet connection. 答案：①for　②in　③with　④of ⑤The policemen walked in and the young man (charge) by them followed. charged (2)单句表达 在两周的时间里，我们举办了一系列关于学习和运动的活动，其中一些是由英国学生负责的。 During the period of two weeks, we held a series of activities on study and sports and a few of them were ________________ English students. 答案：in the charge of Part four Grammar (一)过去分词作定语 The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera.被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。（前置定语） Last Tuesday in a mountainous area，there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately(＝which were killed almost immediately) when lightning struck.（后置定语） 上周二在一个山区，有173只羊在被闪电击中时即刻死亡。 【注意】(1)过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别 　　　　意义 形式 语态 时态 过去分词 被动 完成 现在分词 主动 进行 As we all know，China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 The visitor came from a developed country.这位游客来自一个发达国家。 (2)过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别 　　　　意义 形式 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 尚未发生 The building built last year is our classroom building.去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building being built now is our classroom building.现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building to be built next month is our classroom building.下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 (二)过去分词作状语 过去分词(短语)作状语，表示被动的或完成的动作，这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。 Written in a hurry，this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 本句中的written即为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写完。 过去分词通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。 ①Asked about his address (＝When he was asked about his address)，the boy didn’t respond.---相当于一个时间状语从句 ②Annoyed at the decision(＝As he was annoyed at the decision)，he refused to attend the meeting.---相当于一个原因状语从句 ③Given more time (＝If they were given more time)，the trees could grow taller.---相当于一个条件状语从句 如果再多给一点时间，这些树会长得更高。 ④Though having been warned of the storm (＝Though they had been warned of the storm)，the farmers were still working in the fields.---相当于一个让步状语从句 ⑤Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the classroom.--伴随状语 【注意】 部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,she didn’t hear the sound.沉溺于思考中，她没有听到那个声音。 Born in this beautiful town，the girl hates to leave it.出生于这个美丽的小镇，女孩不愿离开它。 (三)过去分词作宾补 1．过去分词用在表状态的keep, leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。 He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast untouched.他起床晚了，没吃早饭就匆忙去上班了。 2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。 Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱儿对行李进行了安检。 They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.他们用很简单的英语来使他们自己被理解。 3．感官动词see，hear, notice, observe, watch等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。 4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如want, wish, expect, order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。 5．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked. 客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备摆放即将做好的饭菜。 John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. 约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也做完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。 单句语法填空 (1)The ________ (pollute) water was to blame for the spread of cholera. 答案：polluted (2)Last Monday in a mountainous area, there were a total of 173 sheep ________ (kill) almost immediately when lightning struck. 答案：killed (3)________ (ask) about his address, the girl didn't respond. 答案：Asked (4)________ (write) in a hurry, this article was not so good. 答案：Written (5)Jesse had her luggage ________ (check) an hour before her plane left. 答案：checked (6)When we saw the road ________ (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. 答案：blocked (7)The students were usually made ________ (recite) the text. to recite (8)He found his hometown greatly ________ (change)． (9)We read newspapers and watch TV every day to keep ourselves ________ (inform) of what is happening in the world. changed　 informed (10)________ (name) after an ancient Chinese god of fire, Zhurong (祝融号) is now about 320 million kilometers from the earth. 答案：Named (11)________ (locate) in Shanghai's coastal Lingang area, the Shanghai Astronomy Museum covers 38,000 square meters. 答案：Located (12) (bury) in reading the legend of a master in basketball, he didn’t arrive at school on time. Buried (13)Despite (apply)for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work. applying/having applied 单句表达 (1)据报道，这两位致力于科研的科学家将会被授予荣誉勋章。(过去分词作定语) It is reported that the two scientists ________________________ will be awarded medals of honor. 答案：devoted to scientific research (2)一到机场，这个医生就发现他被记者包围了。(过去分词作宾补) Upon arriving at the airport, the doctor ____________________ journalists. 答案：found himself surrounded by (3)随着在加利福尼亚金子的发现，许多人从世界各地蜂拥而至来寻找他们的财富。(过去分词作宾补) ____________________ California, many people came from all over the world to seek their fortune. 答案：With gold found in (4)当被要求居家保持社交距离时，很多人用各种活动自娱自乐。(过去分词作状语) ________________ stay at home and keep social distance, many people entertain themselves with all kinds of activities. 答案：When asked to (5)面对压力，我们应该学会放松自己。(过去分词作状语) ________________， we should learn to relax ourselves. 答案：Faced with pressure 阅读理解 It’s commonly thought that boys perform better than girls in math and science. Researchers have challenged that stereotype (刻板印象) for a long time, and a recent study, published in the journal Nature Communications in September, found a new way to attack it. The study found that women are better than men at sustaining (维持) their performance on longer tests, including math and science. Researchers Pau Balart, from the University of the Balearic Islands in Spain, and Matthijs Oosterveen from Erasmus University in the Netherlands, analyzed (分析) data collected every three years from 2006 to 2015. The data came from 74 countries and regions, for the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). This is a standardized test of 15-year-old students’ performance in reading, math and science. Their earlier results agreed with earlier findings that boys do better than girls in math and science. But when they compared the two groups’ scores at different stages of the test, girls tended to perform more stably (稳定地) in math and science, while boys started getting fewer correct answers. Although boys seemed to show advantages from the start in math and science, the authors wrote, “This finding suggests that longer tests shrink it in math and science,” according to Nature. To prove this, the researchers analyzed another database with over 400 math tests, which lasted longer than PISA’s two hours. They found that, at least for math, the scoring gap between boys and girls decreased. This isn’t the observation of better test endurance (忍耐力) in women. Oxford University used to add an extra 15 minutes to its math and computer science exams. They found female students’ scores improved. Olga Shurchkov, an associate professor at Wellesley College in the US, told Newsweek: “This study is important because it provides cross-country evidence that suggests these gender (性别) gaps can be reduced.” In her earlier study, she found that, given more time, women tended to be more careful and make fewer mistakes. They also were less likely to quit a task early. This also supports the finding of the present study. 9．What did the new study find? A．Boys are better than girls at math and science. B．Girls usually do better than boys in shorter tests. C．Girls prefer longer math and science tests than boys. D．The length of a test affects girls and boys’ scores. 10．What does the underlined word “shrink” probably mean? A．Make something smaller. B．Make something larger. C．Keep something the same. D．Make something appear. 11．As to the findings about female students on tests, which of the following is true? A．They were more likely to give up on longer tests. B．They were not as quick at thinking as male students. C．They tended to perform better at the beginning of a test. D．They tended to be more patient and careful on longer tests. 12．According to the text, what is the importance of the study? A．It answered questions raised by earlier studies. B．It could help to reduce gender gaps on tests. C．It could attract girls to study math and science. D．It is the first cross-country study of gender gaps on tests. 9．D 10．A 11．D 12．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过研究，推翻了我们以往认为男孩在数学和科学方面比女孩做的好的观点。 综合填空一 Many Greek philosophers were at the same time scientists. Thus Plato was a mathematician and Aristotle contributed to zoology. Aristotle, indeed, started methodical research, patiently 1 (collect) material and laying 2 (mass) foundations (基础) for modern science. Before Plato and Aristotle, there had been scientist-philosophers. After them, Greek science made further advances. Two men may be mentioned for 3 they did to push science forward. Both lived in the 3rd century B．C． Euclid is even now well-known for his Elements, a textbook of geometry (几何学) , perhaps the most successful textbook ever 4 (write), because it was in use in English schools until the early years of the 20th century. Archimedes did important work not only in geometry, but also in arithmetic(算术), mechanics and hydro-static (静水力学). He discovered that when 5 body is immersed in water, its loss of weight is equal to the weight of the water displaced (排水). He invented machines which greatly helped his native city 6 the Romans. 7 (illustrate) the principle of the lever (杠杆), he is said to tell the king: “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.” Greek science did not neglect 8 (apply). Mathematics, the purest of science was applied in at least five fields. Greek scientists collected a wealth of material and tried to find the proper method of doing scientific work. As a result, they were able to deduce (推断) theories and built up systems, 9 had a great influence on later scientists. 10 they failed to create conditions for the continuous growth of science. It is there that great changes began in the 17th and 18th centuries and it is this that set off modern from ancient science. 1．collecting 2．massive 3．what 4．written 5．a 6.against 7．To illustrate 8．application 9．which 10．But 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多希腊哲学家同时也是科学家。 综合填空二 A Respectable Watermelon Expert China has been 1 (large)producer and consumer of watermelons in the world since 2018. And Wu Mingzhu, 92 years old now, is the unsung hero 2 has helped make this possible. It’s fair to say that about 80 percent of the watermelons served at people’s dining tables every day 3 (be)the result of great efforts made by Wu and her team over more than 60 years. 4 (admit)to Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing in the late 1940s, Wu is an alumnus (校友) of Yuan Longping, the “father of hybrid rice”. After two years of application 5 (fail), Wu succeeded in realizing her dream of starting her career in Xinjiang in 1955. Since then, she has put herself 6 growing sweet melons. Wu’s efforts to grow quality melons began paying off in 1973, 7 she set up an off-season growing base in Hainan. Going and returning between Xinjiang and Hainan frequently for many years, Wu developed more than 20,000 of China’s new seed kinds through off-season growing. Wu’s contribution has won her many praises. She became a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1999 and 8 honorary citizen of Sanya in 2004. In addition, growers call her the “Queen of Melons”. Now 9 (suffer)from Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默) disease, Wu is often unable to recognize her former colleagues or even her family members. However, the memory of her melon work 10 (remain) in her mind. 1.the largest 2. who 3.are 4. Admitted 5.failures 6.into 7．when 8．an 9．suffering 10．remains 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了受人尊敬的西瓜专家——吴明珠院士。2018年以来，中国成为世界上最大的西瓜生产国和消费国。而现年92岁的吴明珠是使这一切成为可能的无名英雄。 完形填空 When buying a smartphone, I keep my criteria simple. If the device can handle WeChat, phone calls, and 1 the Internet, I purchase it. If it’s too expensive, I 2 it. This approach to acquiring smartphones 3 for me as I keep my needs basic. Aside from saving myself money, I may have also saved myself from some wounds or burns which I might get if I chose a flawed phone. A few years ago, things 4 for Samsung — literally. One of Samsung’s innovations was called the Note7. Sadly, it was discontinued (停产) only 38 days after being made available for consumption. At first, a few customers complained that their phones caught fire while being 5 . Samsung, being responsible, launched an investigation to 6 the cases. They issued a global 7 on 1 September, but it was taken merely as a suggestion and not seen as 8 . Then the tech giant gave a stronger message to worldwide customers, saying all owners must stop using their Note7s immediately. Commercial forces encourage tech companies to push the envelope(突破界限) and produce new products every few months. Sometimes, a conflict of interests can occur. The greed for innovation has a funny way of causing 9 for the basics — like safety — and the Note7’s situation is just one example of this. The device 10 all kinds of cool features, including a super-high-resolution camera, an iris scanner and an especially powerful 11 . Ideally, manufacturers should consider all relevant aspects when creating new commodities. Samsung has both the money and technical know-how to prevent such negligence. The Note7’s 12 was most likely rushed in order to make more profit, which 13 having the opposite effect. Time will tell how much this oversight will cost with respect to Samsung’s fame and future. 14 , many people assumed that Samsung could eventually come back over the horizon and restore its reputation as a manufacturer of excellent smartphones if its new models had no major flaw. In the smartphone industry, intense competition will only bring more benefit to consumers. If there were only one 15 company, we would be left with no options for top-of-the-line phones. 1．A．surf B．access C．launch D．process 2．A．buy B．desire C．recommend D．abandon 3．A．works B．checks C．helps D．adapts 4．A．grew up B．brought up C．blew up D．dug up 5．A．locked B．broadcast C．charged D．carried 6．A．look over B．look through C．look up D．look into 7．A．recycle B．restore C．recover D．recall 8．A．aggressive B．desperate C．anxious D．urgent 9．A．neglect B．need C．demand D．application 10．A．causes B．boasts C．defines D．forbids 11．A．battery B．screen C．chip D．frame 12．A．campaign B．promotion C．invention D．release 13．A．ended up B．served for C．acted out D．turned over 14．A．Consequently B．Therefore C．Furthermore D．Nevertheless 15．A．flexible B．ambitious C．dominant D．feasible 1-5BDACC 6-10DDDAB 11-15ADADC 七选五练习 The Internet is a powerful tool that can be used to connect like-minded people and communities. 11 Research suggests that up to 7 in 10 young people have experienced online abuse at some point. The term ‘cyberbullying’ (网络欺凌) is often treated as a special phenomenon, but it is an extension of bullying, which is an age-old problem. 12 Actually, with communication technology being significant in modern living, some young people have very little opportunity to escape the abuse. It is consistently found that about one in two young people who experience bullying never tell anyone out of fear, embarrassment or a lack of faith in support systems. Abuse, whether online or offline, affects the mental and physical health of young people and generates increasing stress and anxiety. 13 For example, there are no geographical limits to membership or communication; it is now possible for someone to receive abuse beyond their own offline community. Not all cyberbullying is brought about by people who know the recipient (被欺凌者) and it is often sent anonymously (匿名地). 14 Anonymous bullying can greatly weaken the confidence and sense of safety for those receiving it. It can often be more harmful than abuse from someone the person knows. A world that is truly fair and equal requires a culture of respect and mutual understanding. An interconnected world requires communication standards to which all observe. 15 A．The Internet poses unique challenges in terms of abuse. B．That makes it harder to confirm where the abuse comes from. C．With that goal in mind, we still have a long journey ahead of us. D．Meanwhile it is also often used as a platform to hurt and abuse people. E．Cyberbullying often harms the dignity of recipients in an incredibly public way. F．Many young people who have been bullied remain in a continuous state of fear. G．Traditionally, bullying often existed in the educational environment, with the home being a safe shelter 11．D 12．G 13．A 14．B 15．C 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Through our lives, we can gain a lot and lose so much. But being honest should always be with us, as honesty is always regarded as a virtue. Every time I talk about the topic, something crowds in my mind as if it had just happened. I was 16 when one morning, Dad told me I could drive him to Mijas and then take the car in a nearby garage to get it serviced. At that time, I had just passed the driving test, and I hardly had a chance to use the car, so I said yes without hesitation. I drove my father to Mijas, promising to pick him up again at 4 pm, then I went to a nearby garage, and put the car in there. Since I had several hours to spare, I decided to go to a movie theater near the garage to see the movie. However, I was so absorbed in the plot of the movie that I forgot the time. When the last movie finished, I looked at my watch： 6 pm. I was two hours late! I thought my father would be very angry if he knew what I was doing. And he would never let me drive again. So I decided to make up an excuse. Then, I drove to the appointed place, my father was sitting in a corner, waiting patiently. I first apologized for being late, then told him that I wanted to get there as soon as possible, but that something was wrong with some of the main parts of the car. I would never forget the way he looked at me. “I'm very disappointed that you thought you had to lie to me, Jason.” My father looked at me again and said, “When you didn't show up on time, I called the gas station and asked if there was anything wrong They told me you never picked up the car. So, you see, I know there's nothing wrong with the car at all." 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A wave of guilt swept over me and I had to admit the fact that I had gone to the movies and that was the real reason why I was late. But father, it's exactly eighteen miles home from here , and it's dark. You can't walk back. "  I begged. A wave of guilt swept over me and I had to admit the fact that I had gone to the movies and that was the real reason why I was late .Dad listened carefully as a sadness passed through him，“I'm angry, not with you but with myself. You see. I realize that I have failed as a father if after all these years you feel that you have to lie to me. I have failed because I have brought up a son who cannot even tell the truth to his own father. I'm going to walk home now and think where I have gone wrong all these years”. But father, it's exactly eighteen miles home from here , and it's dark. You can't walk back. "  I begged .My protests, my apologies and the rest of my words were useless. I had let my father down. and I was about to learn one of the most painful lessons of my life. Dad began walking along the dusty roads. I quickly jumped in the car and followed behind. I apologized all the way,telling him how sorry I was, but he simply ignored me. For 18 miles he kept walking. Seeing my father in so much pain was the most awful experience that I have ever faced.However it was also the most successful lesson. 【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，作者驾车去接他的父亲，但是他因为去看电影而耽误了时间后，他谎称去修车了，最后谎言被拆穿了，这使得父亲非常生气。 【详解】续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：一股负疚感席卷了我，我不得不承认我去看电影了，这才是我迟到的真正原因……，所以应该写父亲对此的反应是什么以及父亲的情感此时影视什么样的。第二段开头是：可是，爸爸，那儿离这儿正好十八英里，而且天又黑。你不能走回去。我恳求。本段应该写父亲对我这么做的反应是什么以及我的心里活动是什么以及我从这件事情当中得到了什么经验教训。 续写时要求所续写短文的词数应为150左右；按要求完成写作任务。 【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：protest，apologies，ignore等高级词汇；非谓语动词 I apologized all the way,telling him how sorry I was, but he simply ignored me，Dad listened carefully as a sadness passed through him. as引导的状语从句，I realize that I have failed as a father if after all these years you feel that you have to lie to me.that引导的宾语从句 第2页 | 共4页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $