Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 第二课时复习+阅读组合训练 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第四册

选择性必修四U1 Honesty and responsibility第二课时复习+阅读组合训练 【学习目标】 1、复习选择性必修四U1 Grammar usage---Extended Reading中重点词汇用法； 2、阅读组合训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 选择性必修四U1 Honesty and responsibility Part one 词汇 1.appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委托；职务→appoint vt.约会；任命 2.reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→rely vi.依靠；依赖 3.innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的n.无辜者，单纯的人→innocence n．天真；清白 4.legal adj.合法的；法律的→illegal adj.不合法的；违法的 5.socialist adj.社会主义的n.社会主义者→social adj.社会的；社交的→society n．社会 6.photographer n．摄影师，拍照者→photography n．摄影；摄影术 7.guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的→guilt n．内疚；犯罪；有罪 8.ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→shame n．羞耻；羞愧；惭愧→shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的 9.disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望，使沮丧→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望，沮丧 10.guidance n．指导；导航→guide vt.带领；引导 n．向导 11.discouraged adj.灰心的→discouraging adj.令人灰心的，令人泄气的→discourage vt.阻止，使气馁 12.saving n．节省物，节省；储蓄金→save vt.节省；保存；储蓄；解救 Part two 短语 1.tear down拆毁，拆除 2.make one’s fortune发财 3.lose contact失去联系 4.arm in arm臂挽着臂 5.under arrest被逮捕 6.turn up出现，到场；卷起；调大 7.on the beat在巡逻中 8.pull out离开，撤离；拔出 9.stick to坚持 10.take charge of掌管，负责 11.at the mercy of任……处置；对……无能为力 12.weigh on sb./sth.使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担 13.frankly speaking坦白地说 14.contribute to促进，有助于 15.to one’s disappointment令某人感到失望的是 16.make a difference有影响，有关系 17.in store贮藏着；准备着；将要发生 18.be responsible for对……负责 19.set aside留出；不顾 20.for the benefit of为了……的利益 Part three Grammar usage 1.resign vt.& vi. 辞职，辞去(教材P6) 【归纳用法】 resign from..... 从....辞职 resign as.... 辞去作为....的职务 resign one’s post/position 辞去某人的职务 resign sb to.... 把某人委托给..... resign oneself to (doing) sth 听从/顺从/只好接受(做)某事 Two members resigned from the board in protest. 董事会的两名成员辞职以示抗议。 He resigned as manager after eight years. 八年后，他辞去了经理的职务。 He resigned his post because he had been offered a better job.他辞职了，因为他有了更好的工作。 More and more parents resign their children to their grandparents at home while working in the city. 越来越多的父母在去城市打工时把孩子托付给家里的爷爷奶奶照顾 单句语法填空 ①He was forced to resign ________ Finance Minister. ②He resigned ________ the board and formed a new company. ③He has resigned ________(he) to the fact that he will lose his job. 2.guilty adj. 感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的 【归纳用法】 ①be/feel guilty about/of..... 对....感到内疚 be guilty of.... 犯有....罪 ②guilt n.内疚，悔恨，有罪 a sense of guilt 内疚感，负罪感 They feel guilty about not being able to see their son often.他们因不能经常去看望儿子而感到内疚。 The man admitted that he was guilty of murder.那名男子承认他犯了谋杀罪。 单句语法填空 ①A personal sense ________ guilt guides one's behavior. ②They were found ________ (guilt) of causing unnecessary suffering to animals. 翻译 她为最近少花时间陪两个孩子而感到内疚。 She feels_________________________________ lately with her two kids. 3.ashamed adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬(教材P7) 【归纳用法】 ①feel/be ashamed of (doing) sth 因(做)某事而羞耻/惭愧 feel/be ashamed to do..... 做某事感到羞耻/惭愧 feel/be ashamed for sb 替某人感到羞耻/惭愧 ②shame n.羞耻，耻辱，令人惋惜的事 to one’s shame 令某人羞愧的是 It’s a shame that..... .....是遗憾的 ③shameful adj.羞耻的，丢脸的 The photographer was ashamed of his failure in the photography competition. 摄影师为自己在摄影比赛中的失败感到羞愧。 You always cheat in exams, and I am ashamed for you. 你总是在考试中作弊，我替你感到羞愧。 单句语法填空 ①It's ________ shame that she wasn't here to see it. ②The more embarrassing or ________ (shame) the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. ③You should be ashamed ________ yourself for telling such lies. 完成句子 我们常常为自己的缺点、错误和失败感到羞耻。 We are often __________________, our mistakes and our failures. 4.forgive vt.& vi. 原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)(教材P7) 【归纳用法】 (1)forgive sb for (doing) sth 原谅某人(做过)某事 forgive one’s doing sth 原谅某人做某事 (2)forgiveness n.原谅；宽恕 ask/beg/pray for (one’s) forgiveness 祈求(某人的)原谅 Please forgive me for losing contact with you for a long time. 请原谅我与你失去联系这么长时间。 Forgive my interrupting but I really don't agree with that. 请原谅我打岔，不过我确实不同意那一点。 Apologies minimize conflict, lead to forgiveness, and serve to restore relationship closeness.道歉能减少冲突，带来宽恕，并有助于修补亲密关系 单句语法填空 ①Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall's temporary exhibitions may ________ (forgive) for thinking they are in a city gallery. ②Please forgive my ________ (be) so rude to you that day. ③He forgave her ________ what she had said to him. Part four Integrated skills 1.disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的(教材P8) 【归纳用法】 ①be disappointed that..... 对.....感到失望 be disappointed at/by sth 对某事感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb 对某人失望 be disappointed to do.... 因做.....而感到失望 ②disappointing adj.令人失望的，扫兴的（形容事） ③disappoint vt.使失望，使沮丧；使(希望、计划等)落空；挫败 ④disappointment n.失望；挫折（不可数） I'm really disappointed with/in you, Tom.我对你很失望，汤姆。 He was disappointed to see she wasn't at the party. 看到她没来参加晚会，他感到很失望。 To his parents' disappointment, their disappointing son always makes them disappointed at his disappointing performance. 令父母失望的是，他们令人失望的儿子总是让他们对他令人失望的表现感到失望 单句语法填空 ①Don't raise your hopes too high, or you may be ________ (disappoint). ②To our great ________ (disappoint), it rained every day of the trip. ③In summary, this was a ________ (disappoint) performance. 完成句子 ①我们对在赛季开始的阶段输掉这场比赛感到非常失望。 We are at the start of the season and __________________ we lost the game. ②他们对比赛结果极为失望。 They ________ bitterly ____________ the result of the game. 2.pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮；扮作；自诩，自认为(P8) 【归纳用法】 pretend to do sth.假装做某事 pretend to be+n./adj. 假装..... pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth.假装做过某事 pretend that....　假装…… Then we wore false beards to pretend to be the musicians that people were familiar with. 然后我们贴上了假胡子，假扮成人们熟悉的音乐家。 Don't be surprised if I pretend not to recognise you. 要是我假装不认识你，你别觉得奇怪。 So I carried around a book, and each night I would pretend to be reading.所以我随身带着一本书，每天晚上，我会假装在看书。 He decided to help me but I pretended to have finished my job. 他决定帮助我但是我假装已经完成我的工作了。 We can't just go on pretending that everything is OK.我们不能继续假装一切正常 单句语法填空 ①He pretended ________ (do) his lessons when his mother came in. ②We pretended ________ (laugh) when he told a silly joke. ③He pretended ________ (finish) his homework. ④The boy pretended (study)hard when his teacher came in. Part five Extended reading Taking responsibility承担责任 1.Honoured guests, teachers and students, it is my pleasure and privilege to welcome you here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion. 尊敬的各位来宾、老师和学生们，我很高兴也很荣幸能够欢迎你们今天出席，并在这个特殊的时刻分享我的一些想法。 (1)privilege n. 荣幸；特殊利益　vt. 给予特权，特别优待(教材P11) 【归纳用法】 ①have the privilege of doing/to do sth.有做某事的特权；有幸做某事 It is a privilege to do sth.有幸做某事 ②privileged adj.有特权的；受特别优待的；荣幸的；幸运的 be privileged to do sth.有幸做某事 Many college students realize that it is a privilege to attend senior professors' lectures. 许多大学生意识到参加教授的课程非常荣幸。 Ladies and gentlemen, I have the great privilege to introduce/of introducing our speaker for tonight.女士们、先生们，我很荣幸地向大家介绍今晚的发言人。 I am privileged to gain your trust and recognition with the offer of the position. 我非常荣幸能获得您的信任与赏识，得到此项岗位 (2)occasion n. 特殊场合，盛会；时刻；时机---occasional adj. 偶然的---occasionally adv. 偶然地 【注意】当定语从句的先行词为occasion时，定语从句的引导词要根据occasion的具体含义来定。occasion表示“特定的时刻”时，定语从句的引导词用when；若occasion表示“仪式、庆典等重大场合”时，定语从句的引导词用where 单句语法填空 ①It was a great privilege ________ (hear) her sing. ②Education should be a universal right and not ________ privilege. ③We (privilege)to welcome Mr Wang，a famous socialist，as our speaker this evening. ④I hope to have privilege to work with the specialist again. ⑤This type of allergy can very ________ (occasion) be fatal. ⑥They planned to keep the budget low by living on boiled noodles, with the ________ (occasion) hamburger shop treat. ⑦Occasions ________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids are quite rare. ⑧I rarely have an occasion 　　　　I can spend a whole afternoon with my kids.  2.I have seen you grow from nervous Senior 1 students into confident young adults, who sit before me today, ready to embrace the next phase of your lives. 我见证了你们从紧张的高一新生成长为自信的青年，今天，你们坐在我面前，准备好迎接你们人生的下一个阶段。 3.Just like the “starfish boy”, you may even inspire people around you to do the same, which is an added bonus. 就像“海星男孩”一样，你们甚至可能激励你周围的人也这么做，这就是一项额外的收获 (1)embrace vt.& vi. 欣然接受；包含；拥抱 (2)into confident young adults, who sit before me today---who引导非限制性定语从句 (3)to do the same, which is an added bonus...---which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句 单句语法填空 (1)She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit. (2)The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. (3)Jia starred in and directed the film Hi, Mom, ________ a time-travel story is told. (4)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health. (5)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C, influenced the development of chopsticks. (6)I discovered that tai chi is deeply rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang, ________ are believed to form the unity of opposites. (7)The Impressionistsˈvision inspired a whole new generation of Post-Impressionist painters like Vincent Van Gogh, ________ works are displayed at Musée dˈOrsay. 4.Hopefully, you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you, but rather as a foundation which will support your future development. A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds; likewise, a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour. 希望你们已经学会不去把责任当作困扰你们的一种负担，而是把它当作支撑你们未来发展的一个基础。 没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的行为所左右。 (1)not ... but ... “不是……而是……”，用于连接两个并列的成分 【归纳】①连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数遵循“就近原则”，即谓语动词与but后的成分在人称和数上保持一致 ②类似结构:either...or..., neither....nor..., not only....but (also).. Not the manager but the workers are hoping to do that. 希望做那件事的不是经理，而是工人。 Either side, or both, could be bluffing. 任何一方或者双方都可能是在虚张声势。 Neither Mr Rose nor Mr Woodhead was available for comment yesterday. 罗斯先生和伍德黑德先生昨天都没有时间做出评论。 Not only the students but (also) their teacher is going to see the movie. 不仅学生而且他们的老师都会去看这部电影 (2)mercy n. 仁慈，宽恕---merciful adj.仁慈的---merciless adj.残忍的；无情的 【归纳用法】 have mercy on....对.....怜悯或宽恕 at the mercy of sb/sth 任……处置，对……无能为力 without mercy 残忍地，毫无同情心地 be merciful to.... 对....表示怜悯 The mother asked the judge to have mercy on her son.那位妈妈请求法官对她儿子开恩。 The blistering noonday sun beat down on them without mercy. 午间酷热的阳光无情的蒸烤着他们。 They asked her to be merciful to the prisoners. 他们要她对犯人慈悲为怀 单句语法填空 (1)Either you or one of your students ________ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. (2)Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________ (be) tired of having one examination after another. (3)It is not what you say but what you do makes a difference to your future. (4)The ________ (mercy) king saved the young officers from death. (5)The majority of the world's population still exists ________ the mercy of unwanted noise. 5.As students, you must take your studies seriously and accept responsibility for your own learning. This means meeting deadlines for your schoolwork, following your teachers' guidance, and of course, always aiming for academic excellence. 作为学生，你们必须认真对待自己的学业，并且对你们自己的学习负责。 这意味着按时完成作业，听从老师的指导，当然还要永远追求学术上的卓越。 (1)deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期 【拓展短语】 set a deadline 规定最后期限 the deadline for sth 某事的最后期限 meet a deadline 赶上截止日期 work to a deadline 按规定的期限完成工作 We were not able to meet a deadline because of manufacturing delays.由于生产延误，我们没能在截止日期前完成工作。 I prefer to work to a deadline. 我喜欢按规定的期限完成工作 (2)guidance n. 指导；导航 【归纳用法】 ①under one’s guidance=under the guidance of sb 在某人的指导下 guidance on/about... 关于...的指导 ②guide n.向导，导游，指南，手册 v.指引，指导 a guide to doing..... 做某事的指南 guide sb to/through/around.... 带某人到/穿过/参观..... Activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced teacher.所有活动都在经验丰富的老师的指导下进行。 The boss should provide guidance on these decisions. 老板应该对这些决策提供指导。 During the morning he will guide you around the city. 上午他将带你们逛逛这座城市 单句语法填空 (1)The deadline ________ submissions to the competition will be Easter 1994. (2)To focus and mobilize your efforts, set ________ deadline. (3)Activities all take place under the ________ (guide) of an experienced tutor. (4)Some of us could do with some professional guidance ________ how to optimize our time. (5)The rough guide ________ marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. 6.As you go through your daily life, you will encounter many difficult situations where things may go wrong. Instead of being quick to blame others, analyse the problem, and if it is indeed your own fault, be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it. 在日常生活中，你们将会遇到许多困难的情况，在这些情况下事情可能会出错。 与其急着责怪旁人，(不如)分析问题，而且如果确实是你们自己的错，就准备好承认错误，然后改正它。 (1)As you go through your daily life,...----as引导时间状语从句 (2)many difficult situations where things may go wrong---where引导定语从句，修饰先行词situations 【拓展】①当先行词为case, stage, situation, position, point等表示抽象地点的名词，且在从句中作状语，常用where/in which引导定语从句 ②定语从句中，如果缺少主语或宾语则需要用关系代词that/which Then I got to the point where I was staying up really late at night to get my work done. 然后我就到了晚上熬夜完成工作的地步。 They need an activity where (＝in which) they can learn to cooperate with each other.他们需要一项他们能够学习相互协作的活动 (3)fault n. 过错，责任；弱点，缺点---faulty adj.有错误的，有缺点的---faultless adj.完美的，无缺点的 【归纳短语】 find fault with.... 对....不满；挑剔 be at fault 有过错，有责任 I was discouraged whenever the boss found fault with my work. 每当老板挑剔我做的工作时，我都非常沮丧。 The driver who didn't stop at the red light was at fault in the accident.那个闯红灯的司机应对这起车祸负责 单句语法填空 ①She finds fault ________ everything and everybody. ②A friend without ________ (fault) will never be found. ③Perhaps the railway authorities are fault for poor signaling system. ④We are in a position ________ we may lose a great deal of money. ⑤Students should involve themselves in community activities_________they can get experience for growth. ⑥I had reached a point in I needed to decide which way to go. 7.This way, you practise the virtue of courage. Always give your best in whatever you set out to do, however difficult that might be. 这样，你们就践行了勇气的美德。无论你们打算做什么，都要全力以赴，无论会有多困难。 virtue n. 美德；正直的品性；优点(教材P11) 【归纳用法】 have the virtue of.... 有...优点 see no virtue in doing sth 看不到做某事的用处 by/in virtue of.... 由于，因为 it is a virtue to do sth/that.... ....是一种美德 Nuclear power does, however, have the virtue of scale. 然而，核动力确实有规模优势。 They could see no virtue in discussing it further. 他们看不到再讨论下去有什么用处。 The new product is beyond all praise and has quickly taken over the market by virtue of its superior quality.由于质量过硬，这件新产品受到广泛赞誉，很快就占领了市场。 It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society. 不计前嫌也是一种美德，尤其是在竞争如此激烈、压力如此沉重的社会中 单句语法填空 ①Both of us had the qualities and ________ (virtue) that are typical of Jiangsu people. ②And its value exists in virtue ________ the fact that it is generally acceptable. ③Hunan people have the virtue bearing hardships and standing hard work. 8.Apart from personal development, assuming responsibility for your actions is also important for the betterment of society. However, the boy was not discouraged, believing that he could make a difference to the ones that he saved. 除了个人的发展，为自己的行为承担责任，对社会进步也很重要。然而，小男孩并没有气馁，相信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。 (1)apart from 除了.... (2)assuming responsibility for your actions is....---doing作主语 (3)discouraged adj. 灰心的---discouraging adj.令人泄气的；令人沮丧的 ---discouragement n.劝阻，泄气，使人泄气的事，挫折 ---discourage v.使灰心，劝阻，阻止；使泄气 【归纳短语】 to one’s discouragement 使某人泄气的是 discourage sb from doing sth 劝某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心 The result of the last basketball game was discouraging.上次篮球赛的结果让人灰心。 His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor. 他的父母试图阻止他当演员。 Despite all these discouragements, she refused to give up. 尽管她遇到许多挫折，却仍然不气馁 单句语法填空 (1)Yet instead of being ________ (discourage) by my slow progress, I was excited. (2)Feelings of failure, ________ (discourage) and injustice flooded my mind during the entire drive home. (3)The weather discouraged people ________ attending this meeting. (4) (discourage)by the unsuccessful attempt, he decided to give it up. (5)________ (spend) time with other children is an important part of a child's development that cannot be provided by a computer. (6)Apart the hair, he looked extraordinarily unchanged. 9.Sometimes, responsibilities may weigh heavily on you. However, just as the Chinese saying goes, “Jade is good－for－nothing if not carved.”Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow. 有时候，责任可能会是你们的一个重担。然而，正如中国谚语所说，“玉不琢，不成器。”今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。 (1)weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担 (2)just as the Chinese saying goes,...--as“正如” (3)sow vt.& vi. 播种，种 (4)harvest n. 收成，收获量；收获季节，收割　vt.& vi. 收割，捕猎 单句语法填空 (1)Maize, the main cereal crop, was ________ (harvest) when the earthquake struck. (2)I recognized the immense responsibilities that weigh my shoulders. 语法填空一 On a March morning, five-year-old Hama Moctar stepped into the General Referral Hospital of Niamey in Niger for a follow-up 1 (appoint). Just 100 days after surgery, his legs, once shortened and fractured(骨折), now carry him 2 (secure). Three years earlier, Moctar suffered a severe fracture in his left femur(股骨). Persistent infections followed, and his leg 3 (leave)10 centimeters shorter. While the local doctors insisted amputation(截肢)was the only way, Mr Nong, a specialist from China’s medical aid team to Niger, proposed 4 alternative: the Ilizarov Technique. With the equipment from China and tightly 5 (combine) efforts, Chinese and the local surgeons performed the complex operation. Today, both of Moctar’s legs are equal 6 length and he can walk freely again. Built by China in August 2016, the hospital is one of West Africa’s largest medical facilities. It symbolizes a close partnership 7 spans(跨越)over half a century. Since 1976, Chinese medical teams 8 (work) tirelessly in Niger, a nation on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert, 9 (make) significant contributions to the country’s healthcare system. “Our partnership with China is 10 (fruit),” said Mamane Daou, general director of the hospital, adding that the Chinese medical team has not only sent skilled doctors but also provided vital medical equipment. “Their expertise and dedication have earned our highest respect,” he said. 语法填空二 ChatGPT is an advanced AI chatbot trained by OpenAI 51 interacts in a conversational way. The dialogue format allows ChatGPT to answer follow-up questions, admit mistakes, challenge incorrect premises (假设), 52 reject inappropriate requests. It 53 (reach)100 million users just two months since its launching, according to 54 (analyst). GPT technology can help people write code quickly and correctly by using natural language as a prompt. GPT can take a text prompt and generate code 55 (tailor) to the given task. This technology can potentially reduce development time, as it can quickly and 56 (accurate) generate code. It can also help reduce 57 risk of errors, as GPT can generate code that can be tested and used immediately. Google 58 (feed) coding interview questions to ChatGPT last month and, based on the AI’s answers, determined it would be hired for a level-three engineering position, according to an internal document. In 59 (add), it is reported that researchers recently put ChatGPT through the United States Medical Licensing exam. In a December report, ChatGPT “performed at or near the passing threshold (门槛) for all three exams 60 any training or reinforcement.” 阅读理解一 Have you ever imagined getting to the airport in a flying taxi, soaring over those who are stuck in traffic below? What would you feel if electric air taxis could one day take you from downtown to the suburbs, high above expressway traffic, in a tiny amount of the time it takes to drive? It’s not a dream in the distant future. It’s the vision of electric aircraft developer Eve, which is leading a group of aviation companies and local governments conducting simulations (模拟) in Chicago. Though the aircraft are likely years away from receiving official approval to fly, it’s a vision shared by other major companies, like Chicago-based United Airlines, which recently struck a conditional agreement to purchase at least 200 of Eve’s flying taxis. The concept of bypassing (绕开) traffic by air isn’t new. But Eve co-CEO Andre Stein said the air taxis are nothing like conventional electric helicopters or flying cars. They are designed to use eight motors distributed around the aircraft to take off vertically, then electric pushers and wings to glide forward. Stein hopes the air taxis to help passengers reach meetings across town or providing away to get home quickly in time for a child’s birthday. Compared to an everyday option like public transport, they can help save time when necessary. Besides, the new technology is expected to make air taxis more affordable than helicopters and the ticket price could be around $ 100 to travel 20 miles. Stein also boasts what he describes as improved efficiency and sustainability. “It’s much simpler, much lower maintenance than a helicopter, much quieter,” he said. For now, Eve hopes their work will help provide a better understanding of how the air taxis could fit into current air traffic patterns and how they can connect with users journey via ground transport to the heliport. “It’s really about bringing another option for urban air mobility,” Stein said. 1．Why does the author raise two questions in paragraph 1? A．To express his doubts. B．To arrange air transport. C．To introduce Eve’s vision. D．To present current situation. 2．What is the company Eve doing in Chicago? A．Cooperating with taxi companies. B．Working at developing flying taxis. C．Carrying out simulations in the lab. D．Negotiating with local governments. 3．What is Stein’s attitude to electric air taxis? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Indifferent. D．Conservative. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The concept of urban air mobility. B．The benefits of air traffic patterns. C．The prospect of flying taxi service. D．The evolution of ground transport. 阅读理解二 More than 1, 000 metres below the surface of the oceans, darkness dominates. Marine creatures rely on sound for navigation, communication, and searching for food. However, this way of life has come under threat from shipping, contributing to a rise in underwater volume of approximately 3.3 decibels (分贝) per decade. The trend shows little sign of levelling off. With roughly 90% of trade relying on shipping, quieting the ocean through reductions in shipping itself is untenable . While efficiency improvements of shipping may cut noise, experts say more is needed. That is why technologies like modified propellers (螺旋桨) and noise-reducing materials are being developed to help humans and marine life coexist. Much of the underwater noise a ship produces comes from its propeller. Spinning blades (桨叶) create low pressure, causing the water to boil and produce bubbles, a process known as cavitation (空化现象). When those bubbles collapse, a low-frequency noise is produced, disrupting the movements of marine lives. One solution, being developed by researchers at the University of British Columbia, integrates flexible polymers (聚合物) into the metal propeller blades, allowing their tips to bend and twist. This movement prevents bubbles from forming and thereby reduces the noise the blades produce. Based on simulations, the design could reduce cavitation noise by 20 decibels. Dr Jaiman says researchers intend to start testing a model next year. Cavitation can also be reduced by increasing the number of bubbles, rather than reducing them. Researchers at MARIN, a Dutch research institute, have blown bubbles onto a propeller’s blades, which can dampen the resulting noise. Model-scale tests of this system showed a 12-decibel decrease in low-frequency noise. But shipping noise does not come only from the propeller, with roughly 20% coming from engines and generators. To reduce this, MARIN researchers have experimented with a bubble screen generated from tubes positioned in belts around the outside of the ship. These bubbles prevent noise from spreading. 28．Which best explains the underlined word “untenable” in paragraph 2? A．Impractical. B．Unavailable. C．Unstable. D．Immeasurable. 29．What is the main source of underwater noise from ships? A．The spinning blades. B．The process of cavitation. C．The engines and generators. D．The bubbles generated by ships. 30．What solution is being developed at MARIN? A．Boosting ship efficiency. B．Creating flexible blade tips. C．Generating more bubbles on blades. D．Using quieter engines and generators. 31．What’s the passage mainly about? A．Strategies to prevent ships from making noise. B．Innovations to minimize underwater ship noise. C．Adapted propeller designs to restore undersea quiet. D．Negative impacts of underwater noise on marine life. 七选五 From the dawn of civilization, paper records have been a method of keeping track of important and necessary documentation. A common experience throughout the world’s record keeping has been the necessity to ensure that all documents are kept together, and none are lost. 36 These included tying ribbons through the paper, and melting wax to secure the papers in place. For nearly 600 years, these were the methods used to secure papers. 37 In 1835, a machine that could mass-produce straight pins was invented by Howe J.I, an American inventor. Although straight pins (大头针) were originally designed for sewing and tailoring, people began using them as a quick and easy way to secure papers. 38 In 1899 he patented the device, which consisted of a wire bent into a particularly shaped hoop for the purpose of securing papers. During this time, however, the paperclip (回形针) was not a widely distributed device. Therefore, the Gem Manufacturing Company of England developed a machine to manufacture and standardize the paperclip design. 39 Today the paperclip is a famous invention used throughout offices, schoolrooms, and business throughout the world. 40 A. The next paper invention was that of the straight pin. B. Before the paper clip, people had to be creative to keep paper together. C. The humble item only came into popular usage around the mid-19th century. D. This manufacturing development allowed for the expansion of the modern paperclip worldwide. E. Later, inspired by the straight pin, Norwegian Vaaler J. came up with the idea of the first paperclip. F. Therefore, from the early 13th century people had created various methods to ensure documents were kept together. G. Being a wonder of simplicity and function, the paperclip remains a standard office supply throughout the world. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 选择性必修四U1 Honesty and responsibility第二课时复习+阅读组合训练 【学习目标】 1、复习选择性必修四U1 Grammar usage---Extended Reading中重点词汇用法； 2、阅读组合训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 选择性必修四U1 Honesty and responsibility Part one 词汇 1.appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委托；职务→appoint vt.约会；任命 2.reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→rely vi.依靠；依赖 3.innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的n.无辜者，单纯的人→innocence n．天真；清白 4.legal adj.合法的；法律的→illegal adj.不合法的；违法的 5.socialist adj.社会主义的n.社会主义者→social adj.社会的；社交的→society n．社会 6.photographer n．摄影师，拍照者→photography n．摄影；摄影术 7.guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的→guilt n．内疚；犯罪；有罪 8.ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→shame n．羞耻；羞愧；惭愧→shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的 9.disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望，使沮丧→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望，沮丧 10.guidance n．指导；导航→guide vt.带领；引导 n．向导 11.discouraged adj.灰心的→discouraging adj.令人灰心的，令人泄气的→discourage vt.阻止，使气馁 12.saving n．节省物，节省；储蓄金→save vt.节省；保存；储蓄；解救 Part two 短语 1.tear down拆毁，拆除 2.make one’s fortune发财 3.lose contact失去联系 4.arm in arm臂挽着臂 5.under arrest被逮捕 6.turn up出现，到场；卷起；调大 7.on the beat在巡逻中 8.pull out离开，撤离；拔出 9.stick to坚持 10.take charge of掌管，负责 11.at the mercy of任……处置；对……无能为力 12.weigh on sb./sth.使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担 13.frankly speaking坦白地说 14.contribute to促进，有助于 15.to one’s disappointment令某人感到失望的是 16.make a difference有影响，有关系 17.in store贮藏着；准备着；将要发生 18.be responsible for对……负责 19.set aside留出；不顾 20.for the benefit of为了……的利益 Part three Grammar usage 1.resign vt.& vi. 辞职，辞去(教材P6) 【归纳用法】 resign from..... 从....辞职 resign as.... 辞去作为....的职务 resign one’s post/position 辞去某人的职务 resign sb to.... 把某人委托给..... resign oneself to (doing) sth 听从/顺从/只好接受(做)某事 Two members resigned from the board in protest. 董事会的两名成员辞职以示抗议。 He resigned as manager after eight years. 八年后，他辞去了经理的职务。 He resigned his post because he had been offered a better job.他辞职了，因为他有了更好的工作。 More and more parents resign their children to their grandparents at home while working in the city. 越来越多的父母在去城市打工时把孩子托付给家里的爷爷奶奶照顾 单句语法填空 ①He was forced to resign ________ Finance Minister. ②He resigned ________ the board and formed a new company. 答案：①as　②from ③He has resigned himself (he) to the fact that he will lose his job. 2.guilty adj. 感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的 【归纳用法】 ①be/feel guilty about/of..... 对....感到内疚 be guilty of.... 犯有....罪 ②guilt n.内疚，悔恨，有罪 a sense of guilt 内疚感，负罪感 They feel guilty about not being able to see their son often.他们因不能经常去看望儿子而感到内疚。 The man admitted that he was guilty of murder.那名男子承认他犯了谋杀罪。 单句语法填空 ①A personal sense ________ guilt guides one's behavior. ②They were found ________ (guilt) of causing unnecessary suffering to animals. 答案：①of　②guilty 翻译 她为最近少花时间陪两个孩子而感到内疚。 She feels_________________________________ lately with her two kids. 答案： guilty about spending less time 3.ashamed adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬(教材P7) 【归纳用法】 ①feel/be ashamed of (doing) sth 因(做)某事而羞耻/惭愧 feel/be ashamed to do..... 做某事感到羞耻/惭愧 feel/be ashamed for sb 替某人感到羞耻/惭愧 ②shame n.羞耻，耻辱，令人惋惜的事 to one’s shame 令某人羞愧的是 It’s a shame that..... .....是遗憾的 ③shameful adj.羞耻的，丢脸的 The photographer was ashamed of his failure in the photography competition. 摄影师为自己在摄影比赛中的失败感到羞愧。 You always cheat in exams, and I am ashamed for you. 你总是在考试中作弊，我替你感到羞愧。 单句语法填空 ①It's ________ shame that she wasn't here to see it. ②The more embarrassing or ________ (shame) the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. ③You should be ashamed ________ yourself for telling such lies. 答案：①a　②shameful　③of 完成句子 我们常常为自己的缺点、错误和失败感到羞耻。 We are often __________________, our mistakes and our failures. 答案：ashamed of our shortcomings 4.forgive vt.& vi. 原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)(教材P7) 【归纳用法】 (1)forgive sb for (doing) sth 原谅某人(做过)某事 forgive one’s doing sth 原谅某人做某事 (2)forgiveness n.原谅；宽恕 ask/beg/pray for (one’s) forgiveness 祈求(某人的)原谅 Please forgive me for losing contact with you for a long time. 请原谅我与你失去联系这么长时间。 Forgive my interrupting but I really don't agree with that. 请原谅我打岔，不过我确实不同意那一点。 Apologies minimize conflict, lead to forgiveness, and serve to restore relationship closeness.道歉能减少冲突，带来宽恕，并有助于修补亲密关系 单句语法填空 ①Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall's temporary exhibitions may ________ (forgive) for thinking they are in a city gallery. ②Please forgive my ________ (be) so rude to you that day. ③He forgave her ________ what she had said to him. 答案：①be forgiven　②being　③for Part four Integrated skills 1.disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的(教材P8) 【归纳用法】 ①be disappointed that..... 对.....感到失望 be disappointed at/by sth 对某事感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb 对某人失望 be disappointed to do.... 因做.....而感到失望 ②disappointing adj.令人失望的，扫兴的（形容事） ③disappoint vt.使失望，使沮丧；使(希望、计划等)落空；挫败 ④disappointment n.失望；挫折（不可数） I'm really disappointed with/in you, Tom.我对你很失望，汤姆。 He was disappointed to see she wasn't at the party. 看到她没来参加晚会，他感到很失望。 To his parents' disappointment, their disappointing son always makes them disappointed at his disappointing performance. 令父母失望的是，他们令人失望的儿子总是让他们对他令人失望的表现感到失望 单句语法填空 ①Don't raise your hopes too high, or you may be ________ (disappoint). ②To our great ________ (disappoint), it rained every day of the trip. ③In summary, this was a ________ (disappoint) performance. 答案：①disappointed　②disappointment　③disappointing 完成句子 ①我们对在赛季开始的阶段输掉这场比赛感到非常失望。 We are at the start of the season and __________________ we lost the game. ②他们对比赛结果极为失望。 They ________ bitterly ____________ the result of the game. 答案：①we are very disappointed that　②were; disappointed at 2.pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮；扮作；自诩，自认为(P8) 【归纳用法】 pretend to do sth.假装做某事 pretend to be+n./adj. 假装..... pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth.假装做过某事 pretend that....　假装…… Then we wore false beards to pretend to be the musicians that people were familiar with. 然后我们贴上了假胡子，假扮成人们熟悉的音乐家。 Don't be surprised if I pretend not to recognise you. 要是我假装不认识你，你别觉得奇怪。 So I carried around a book, and each night I would pretend to be reading.所以我随身带着一本书，每天晚上，我会假装在看书。 He decided to help me but I pretended to have finished my job. 他决定帮助我但是我假装已经完成我的工作了。 We can't just go on pretending that everything is OK.我们不能继续假装一切正常 单句语法填空 ①He pretended ________ (do) his lessons when his mother came in. ②We pretended ________ (laugh) when he told a silly joke. ③He pretended ________ (finish) his homework. 答案：①to be doing　②to laugh　③to have finished ④The boy pretended to be studying (study)hard when his teacher came in. Part five Extended reading Taking responsibility承担责任 1.Honoured guests, teachers and students, it is my pleasure and privilege to welcome you here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion. 尊敬的各位来宾、老师和学生们，我很高兴也很荣幸能够欢迎你们今天出席，并在这个特殊的时刻分享我的一些想法。 (1)privilege n. 荣幸；特殊利益　vt. 给予特权，特别优待(教材P11) 【归纳用法】 ①have the privilege of doing/to do sth.有做某事的特权；有幸做某事 It is a privilege to do sth.有幸做某事 ②privileged adj.有特权的；受特别优待的；荣幸的；幸运的 be privileged to do sth.有幸做某事 Many college students realize that it is a privilege to attend senior professors' lectures. 许多大学生意识到参加教授的课程非常荣幸。 Ladies and gentlemen, I have the great privilege to introduce/of introducing our speaker for tonight.女士们、先生们，我很荣幸地向大家介绍今晚的发言人。 I am privileged to gain your trust and recognition with the offer of the position. 我非常荣幸能获得您的信任与赏识，得到此项岗位 (2)occasion n. 特殊场合，盛会；时刻；时机---occasional adj. 偶然的---occasionally adv. 偶然地 【注意】当定语从句的先行词为occasion时，定语从句的引导词要根据occasion的具体含义来定。occasion表示“特定的时刻”时，定语从句的引导词用when；若occasion表示“仪式、庆典等重大场合”时，定语从句的引导词用where 单句语法填空 ①It was a great privilege ________ (hear) her sing. ②Education should be a universal right and not ________ privilege. 答案：①to hear　②a ③We are privileged (privilege)to welcome Mr Wang，a famous socialist，as our speaker this evening. ④I hope to have the privilege to work with the specialist again. ⑤This type of allergy can very ________ (occasion) be fatal. occasionally ⑥They planned to keep the budget low by living on boiled noodles, with the ________ (occasion) hamburger shop treat. occasional ⑦Occasions ________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids are quite rare. when ⑧I rarely have an occasion 　　　　I can spend a whole afternoon with my kids.  when 2.I have seen you grow from nervous Senior 1 students into confident young adults, who sit before me today, ready to embrace the next phase of your lives. 我见证了你们从紧张的高一新生成长为自信的青年，今天，你们坐在我面前，准备好迎接你们人生的下一个阶段。 3.Just like the “starfish boy”, you may even inspire people around you to do the same, which is an added bonus. 就像“海星男孩”一样，你们甚至可能激励你周围的人也这么做，这就是一项额外的收获 (1)embrace vt.& vi. 欣然接受；包含；拥抱 (2)into confident young adults, who sit before me today---who引导非限制性定语从句 (3)to do the same, which is an added bonus...---which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句 单句语法填空 (1)She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit. which (2)The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. whose (3)Jia starred in and directed the film Hi, Mom, ________ a time-travel story is told. where (4)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _which___ is not good for the health. (5)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C, influenced the development of chopsticks. who (6)I discovered that tai chi is deeply rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang, ________ are believed to form the unity of opposites. which (7)The Impressionistsˈvision inspired a whole new generation of Post-Impressionist painters like Vincent Van Gogh, ________ works are displayed at Musée dˈOrsay. whose 4.Hopefully, you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you, but rather as a foundation which will support your future development. A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds; likewise, a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour. 希望你们已经学会不去把责任当作困扰你们的一种负担，而是把它当作支撑你们未来发展的一个基础。 没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的行为所左右。 (1)not ... but ... “不是……而是……”，用于连接两个并列的成分 【归纳】①连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数遵循“就近原则”，即谓语动词与but后的成分在人称和数上保持一致 ②类似结构:either...or..., neither....nor..., not only....but (also).. Not the manager but the workers are hoping to do that. 希望做那件事的不是经理，而是工人。 Either side, or both, could be bluffing. 任何一方或者双方都可能是在虚张声势。 Neither Mr Rose nor Mr Woodhead was available for comment yesterday. 罗斯先生和伍德黑德先生昨天都没有时间做出评论。 Not only the students but (also) their teacher is going to see the movie. 不仅学生而且他们的老师都会去看这部电影 (2)mercy n. 仁慈，宽恕---merciful adj.仁慈的---merciless adj.残忍的；无情的 【归纳用法】 have mercy on....对.....怜悯或宽恕 at the mercy of sb/sth 任……处置，对……无能为力 without mercy 残忍地，毫无同情心地 be merciful to.... 对....表示怜悯 The mother asked the judge to have mercy on her son.那位妈妈请求法官对她儿子开恩。 The blistering noonday sun beat down on them without mercy. 午间酷热的阳光无情的蒸烤着他们。 They asked her to be merciful to the prisoners. 他们要她对犯人慈悲为怀 单句语法填空 (1)Either you or one of your students ________ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. (2)Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________ (be) tired of having one examination after another. 答案：①is　②are (3)It is not what you say but what you do that makes a difference to your future. (4)The ________ (mercy) king saved the young officers from death. (5)The majority of the world's population still exists ________ the mercy of unwanted noise. 4.merciful　5.at　 5.As students, you must take your studies seriously and accept responsibility for your own learning. This means meeting deadlines for your schoolwork, following your teachers' guidance, and of course, always aiming for academic excellence. 作为学生，你们必须认真对待自己的学业，并且对你们自己的学习负责。 这意味着按时完成作业，听从老师的指导，当然还要永远追求学术上的卓越。 (1)deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期 【拓展短语】 set a deadline 规定最后期限 the deadline for sth 某事的最后期限 meet a deadline 赶上截止日期 work to a deadline 按规定的期限完成工作 We were not able to meet a deadline because of manufacturing delays.由于生产延误，我们没能在截止日期前完成工作。 I prefer to work to a deadline. 我喜欢按规定的期限完成工作 (2)guidance n. 指导；导航 【归纳用法】 ①under one’s guidance=under the guidance of sb 在某人的指导下 guidance on/about... 关于...的指导 ②guide n.向导，导游，指南，手册 v.指引，指导 a guide to doing..... 做某事的指南 guide sb to/through/around.... 带某人到/穿过/参观..... Activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced teacher.所有活动都在经验丰富的老师的指导下进行。 The boss should provide guidance on these decisions. 老板应该对这些决策提供指导。 During the morning he will guide you around the city. 上午他将带你们逛逛这座城市 单句语法填空 (1)The deadline ________ submissions to the competition will be Easter 1994. for (2)To focus and mobilize your efforts, set ________ deadline. a (3)Activities all take place under the ________ (guide) of an experienced tutor. (4)Some of us could do with some professional guidance ________ how to optimize our time. (5)The rough guide ________ marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. 3.guidance　4.on/about　5.to 6.As you go through your daily life, you will encounter many difficult situations where things may go wrong. Instead of being quick to blame others, analyse the problem, and if it is indeed your own fault, be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it. 在日常生活中，你们将会遇到许多困难的情况，在这些情况下事情可能会出错。 与其急着责怪旁人，(不如)分析问题，而且如果确实是你们自己的错，就准备好承认错误，然后改正它。 (1)As you go through your daily life,...----as引导时间状语从句 (2)many difficult situations where things may go wrong---where引导定语从句，修饰先行词situations 【拓展】①当先行词为case, stage, situation, position, point等表示抽象地点的名词，且在从句中作状语，常用where/in which引导定语从句 ②定语从句中，如果缺少主语或宾语则需要用关系代词that/which Then I got to the point where I was staying up really late at night to get my work done. 然后我就到了晚上熬夜完成工作的地步。 They need an activity where (＝in which) they can learn to cooperate with each other.他们需要一项他们能够学习相互协作的活动 (3)fault n. 过错，责任；弱点，缺点---faulty adj.有错误的，有缺点的---faultless adj.完美的，无缺点的 【归纳短语】 find fault with.... 对....不满；挑剔 be at fault 有过错，有责任 I was discouraged whenever the boss found fault with my work. 每当老板挑剔我做的工作时，我都非常沮丧。 The driver who didn't stop at the red light was at fault in the accident.那个闯红灯的司机应对这起车祸负责 单句语法填空 ①She finds fault ________ everything and everybody. ②A friend without ________ (fault) will never be found. 答案：①with　②faults ③Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signaling system. ④We are in a position ________ we may lose a great deal of money. where ⑤Students should involve themselves in community activities_________they can get experience for growth. where ⑥I had reached a point in which I needed to decide which way to go. 7.This way, you practise the virtue of courage. Always give your best in whatever you set out to do, however difficult that might be. 这样，你们就践行了勇气的美德。无论你们打算做什么，都要全力以赴，无论会有多困难。 virtue n. 美德；正直的品性；优点(教材P11) 【归纳用法】 have the virtue of.... 有...优点 see no virtue in doing sth 看不到做某事的用处 by/in virtue of.... 由于，因为 it is a virtue to do sth/that.... ....是一种美德 Nuclear power does, however, have the virtue of scale. 然而，核动力确实有规模优势。 They could see no virtue in discussing it further. 他们看不到再讨论下去有什么用处。 The new product is beyond all praise and has quickly taken over the market by virtue of its superior quality.由于质量过硬，这件新产品受到广泛赞誉，很快就占领了市场。 It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society. 不计前嫌也是一种美德，尤其是在竞争如此激烈、压力如此沉重的社会中 单句语法填空 ①Both of us had the qualities and ________ (virtue) that are typical of Jiangsu people. ②And its value exists in virtue ________ the fact that it is generally acceptable. 答案：①virtues　②of ③Hunan people have the virtue of bearing hardships and standing hard work. 8.Apart from personal development, assuming responsibility for your actions is also important for the betterment of society. However, the boy was not discouraged, believing that he could make a difference to the ones that he saved. 除了个人的发展，为自己的行为承担责任，对社会进步也很重要。然而，小男孩并没有气馁，相信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。 (1)apart from 除了.... (2)assuming responsibility for your actions is....---doing作主语 (3)discouraged adj. 灰心的---discouraging adj.令人泄气的；令人沮丧的 ---discouragement n.劝阻，泄气，使人泄气的事，挫折 ---discourage v.使灰心，劝阻，阻止；使泄气 【归纳短语】 to one’s discouragement 使某人泄气的是 discourage sb from doing sth 劝某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心 The result of the last basketball game was discouraging.上次篮球赛的结果让人灰心。 His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor. 他的父母试图阻止他当演员。 Despite all these discouragements, she refused to give up. 尽管她遇到许多挫折，却仍然不气馁 单句语法填空 (1)Yet instead of being ________ (discourage) by my slow progress, I was excited. (2)Feelings of failure, ________ (discourage) and injustice flooded my mind during the entire drive home. (3)The weather discouraged people ________ attending this meeting. 答案：①discouraged　②discouragement　③from (4)Discouraged (discourage)by the unsuccessful attempt, he decided to give it up. (5)________ (spend) time with other children is an important part of a child's development that cannot be provided by a computer. Spending (6)Apart from the hair, he looked extraordinarily unchanged. 9.Sometimes, responsibilities may weigh heavily on you. However, just as the Chinese saying goes, “Jade is good－for－nothing if not carved.”Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow. 有时候，责任可能会是你们的一个重担。然而，正如中国谚语所说，“玉不琢，不成器。”今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。 (1)weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担 (2)just as the Chinese saying goes,...--as“正如” (3)sow vt.& vi. 播种，种 (4)harvest n. 收成，收获量；收获季节，收割　vt.& vi. 收割，捕猎 单句语法填空 (1)Maize, the main cereal crop, was ________ (harvest) when the earthquake struck. being harvested (2)I recognized the immense responsibilities that weigh on my shoulders. 语法填空一 On a March morning, five-year-old Hama Moctar stepped into the General Referral Hospital of Niamey in Niger for a follow-up 1 (appoint). Just 100 days after surgery, his legs, once shortened and fractured(骨折), now carry him 2 (secure). Three years earlier, Moctar suffered a severe fracture in his left femur(股骨). Persistent infections followed, and his leg 3 (leave)10 centimeters shorter. While the local doctors insisted amputation(截肢)was the only way, Mr Nong, a specialist from China’s medical aid team to Niger, proposed 4 alternative: the Ilizarov Technique. With the equipment from China and tightly 5 (combine) efforts, Chinese and the local surgeons performed the complex operation. Today, both of Moctar’s legs are equal 6 length and he can walk freely again. Built by China in August 2016, the hospital is one of West Africa’s largest medical facilities. It symbolizes a close partnership 7 spans(跨越)over half a century. Since 1976, Chinese medical teams 8 (work) tirelessly in Niger, a nation on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert, 9 (make) significant contributions to the country’s healthcare system. “Our partnership with China is 10 (fruit),” said Mamane Daou, general director of the hospital, adding that the Chinese medical team has not only sent skilled doctors but also provided vital medical equipment. “Their expertise and dedication have earned our highest respect,” he said. 1.appointment 2.securely 3.was left 4.an 5.combined 6.in 7.that/which 8.have worked/have been working 9.making 10.fruitful 语法填空二 ChatGPT is an advanced AI chatbot trained by OpenAI 51 interacts in a conversational way. The dialogue format allows ChatGPT to answer follow-up questions, admit mistakes, challenge incorrect premises (假设), 52 reject inappropriate requests. It 53 (reach)100 million users just two months since its launching, according to 54 (analyst). GPT technology can help people write code quickly and correctly by using natural language as a prompt. GPT can take a text prompt and generate code 55 (tailor) to the given task. This technology can potentially reduce development time, as it can quickly and 56 (accurate) generate code. It can also help reduce 57 risk of errors, as GPT can generate code that can be tested and used immediately. Google 58 (feed) coding interview questions to ChatGPT last month and, based on the AI’s answers, determined it would be hired for a level-three engineering position, according to an internal document. In 59 (add), it is reported that researchers recently put ChatGPT through the United States Medical Licensing exam. In a December report, ChatGPT “performed at or near the passing threshold (门槛) for all three exams 60 any training or reinforcement.” 51.that/which 52.and 53.has reached 54.analysts 55.tailored 56.accurately 57.the 58.fed 59.addition 60.without 阅读理解一 Have you ever imagined getting to the airport in a flying taxi, soaring over those who are stuck in traffic below? What would you feel if electric air taxis could one day take you from downtown to the suburbs, high above expressway traffic, in a tiny amount of the time it takes to drive? It’s not a dream in the distant future. It’s the vision of electric aircraft developer Eve, which is leading a group of aviation companies and local governments conducting simulations (模拟) in Chicago. Though the aircraft are likely years away from receiving official approval to fly, it’s a vision shared by other major companies, like Chicago-based United Airlines, which recently struck a conditional agreement to purchase at least 200 of Eve’s flying taxis. The concept of bypassing (绕开) traffic by air isn’t new. But Eve co-CEO Andre Stein said the air taxis are nothing like conventional electric helicopters or flying cars. They are designed to use eight motors distributed around the aircraft to take off vertically, then electric pushers and wings to glide forward. Stein hopes the air taxis to help passengers reach meetings across town or providing away to get home quickly in time for a child’s birthday. Compared to an everyday option like public transport, they can help save time when necessary. Besides, the new technology is expected to make air taxis more affordable than helicopters and the ticket price could be around $ 100 to travel 20 miles. Stein also boasts what he describes as improved efficiency and sustainability. “It’s much simpler, much lower maintenance than a helicopter, much quieter,” he said. For now, Eve hopes their work will help provide a better understanding of how the air taxis could fit into current air traffic patterns and how they can connect with users journey via ground transport to the heliport. “It’s really about bringing another option for urban air mobility,” Stein said. 1．Why does the author raise two questions in paragraph 1? A．To express his doubts. B．To arrange air transport. C．To introduce Eve’s vision. D．To present current situation. 2．What is the company Eve doing in Chicago? A．Cooperating with taxi companies. B．Working at developing flying taxis. C．Carrying out simulations in the lab. D．Negotiating with local governments. 3．What is Stein’s attitude to electric air taxis? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Indifferent. D．Conservative. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The concept of urban air mobility. B．The benefits of air traffic patterns. C．The prospect of flying taxi service. D．The evolution of ground transport. CBBC 阅读理解二 More than 1, 000 metres below the surface of the oceans, darkness dominates. Marine creatures rely on sound for navigation, communication, and searching for food. However, this way of life has come under threat from shipping, contributing to a rise in underwater volume of approximately 3.3 decibels (分贝) per decade. The trend shows little sign of levelling off. With roughly 90% of trade relying on shipping, quieting the ocean through reductions in shipping itself is untenable . While efficiency improvements of shipping may cut noise, experts say more is needed. That is why technologies like modified propellers (螺旋桨) and noise-reducing materials are being developed to help humans and marine life coexist. Much of the underwater noise a ship produces comes from its propeller. Spinning blades (桨叶) create low pressure, causing the water to boil and produce bubbles, a process known as cavitation (空化现象). When those bubbles collapse, a low-frequency noise is produced, disrupting the movements of marine lives. One solution, being developed by researchers at the University of British Columbia, integrates flexible polymers (聚合物) into the metal propeller blades, allowing their tips to bend and twist. This movement prevents bubbles from forming and thereby reduces the noise the blades produce. Based on simulations, the design could reduce cavitation noise by 20 decibels. Dr Jaiman says researchers intend to start testing a model next year. Cavitation can also be reduced by increasing the number of bubbles, rather than reducing them. Researchers at MARIN, a Dutch research institute, have blown bubbles onto a propeller’s blades, which can dampen the resulting noise. Model-scale tests of this system showed a 12-decibel decrease in low-frequency noise. But shipping noise does not come only from the propeller, with roughly 20% coming from engines and generators. To reduce this, MARIN researchers have experimented with a bubble screen generated from tubes positioned in belts around the outside of the ship. These bubbles prevent noise from spreading. 28．Which best explains the underlined word “untenable” in paragraph 2? A．Impractical. B．Unavailable. C．Unstable. D．Immeasurable. 29．What is the main source of underwater noise from ships? A．The spinning blades. B．The process of cavitation. C．The engines and generators. D．The bubbles generated by ships. 30．What solution is being developed at MARIN? A．Boosting ship efficiency. B．Creating flexible blade tips. C．Generating more bubbles on blades. D．Using quieter engines and generators. 31．What’s the passage mainly about? A．Strategies to prevent ships from making noise. B．Innovations to minimize underwater ship noise. C．Adapted propeller designs to restore undersea quiet. D．Negative impacts of underwater noise on marine life. ABCB 七选五 From the dawn of civilization, paper records have been a method of keeping track of important and necessary documentation. A common experience throughout the world’s record keeping has been the necessity to ensure that all documents are kept together, and none are lost. 36 These included tying ribbons through the paper, and melting wax to secure the papers in place. For nearly 600 years, these were the methods used to secure papers. 37 In 1835, a machine that could mass-produce straight pins was invented by Howe J.I, an American inventor. Although straight pins (大头针) were originally designed for sewing and tailoring, people began using them as a quick and easy way to secure papers. 38 In 1899 he patented the device, which consisted of a wire bent into a particularly shaped hoop for the purpose of securing papers. During this time, however, the paperclip (回形针) was not a widely distributed device. Therefore, the Gem Manufacturing Company of England developed a machine to manufacture and standardize the paperclip design. 39 Today the paperclip is a famous invention used throughout offices, schoolrooms, and business throughout the world. 40 A. The next paper invention was that of the straight pin. B. Before the paper clip, people had to be creative to keep paper together. C. The humble item only came into popular usage around the mid-19th century. D. This manufacturing development allowed for the expansion of the modern paperclip worldwide. E. Later, inspired by the straight pin, Norwegian Vaaler J. came up with the idea of the first paperclip. F. Therefore, from the early 13th century people had created various methods to ensure documents were kept together. G. Being a wonder of simplicity and function, the paperclip remains a standard office supply throughout the world. FAEDG ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $