选择性必修第四册 UNIT 1 Honesty and responsibility（课前背记本）-【优学精研】2026年高考英语一轮总复习学用word（译林版）

该高中英语高考复习知识清单聚焦“Honesty and responsibility”主题，系统整合阅读词汇明义、写作词汇运用、派生词汇识记、重点短语、核心句式及写作范例六大模块，构建主题语境下的语言知识网络。 清单采用分类分级呈现，如阅读词汇分快速一览与教材例句，写作词汇设词块记忆与语境记忆，培养学生语言能力。通过派生词汇词形变化表强化构词思维，核心句式标注教材出处（如人教选必一、外研选必二）提升复习针对性，写作范例结合“white lie”讨论渗透文化意识与思维品质。特设语境例句辅助应用，如“innocent eyes”神态描写、“reap what you sow”哲理表达，帮助学生高效积累，教师可据此优化词汇-句式-写作一体化复习策略。

UNIT 1　Honesty and responsibility 阅读词汇明义 快速一览 1.cigar n.雪茄烟 2.keen adj.灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于 3.eyebrow n.眉毛 4.scarfpin n.围巾夹，领带别针 5.collar n.衣领；颈圈；圈，箍 6.geophysicist n.地球物理学家 7.core adj.核心的；最重要的 n.核心，最重要的部分 8.ward n.病房 9.embrace vt.& vi.欣然接受；包含；拥抱 10.phase n.阶段，时期 11.anchor n.锚；给以安全感的人（或物） vi.& vt.抛锚；使固定 12.likewise adv.同样地；也，而且 13.organic adj.有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的 14.starfish n.海星，星鱼 15.jade n.玉，碧玉 16.rejoice vi.& vt.非常高兴，深感欣喜 17.quote n.引语vt.& vi.引用，引述；举例说明 教材例句 18.（人教选必一）They may look beautiful on the outside， but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals， and they often have less flavour as well. n.矿物，矿物质 19.（外研选必一）I can only “see” through my fingertips the outline of a face. n.概述；轮廓线，略图 20.（外研选必二）Then， in 2006， the rabbits’ digging caused some land to collapse， and killed a substantial number of penguins. adj.大量的，价值巨大的 写作词汇运用 词块记忆 1.barely ten o’clock at night刚好晚上十点 2.wear a diamond ring/necklace 戴着钻石戒指/项链 3.with collar turned up to ears 衣领竖翻到耳朵边 4.feel blessed感到幸福 5.at least two or three inches 至少两三英寸 6.on the unsuspecting毫无防备 7.the telephone wires 电话线 8.relieve the burden of the family 减轻家庭的负担 9.resign from the group从集团辞职 10.a superb teacher一位优秀老师 11.use avatars to cheat others online 网上使用虚拟形象欺骗他人 12.tear off the wrapping paper 撕下包装纸 13.bow gracefully to the audience 优雅地向观众鞠躬 14.attend a birthday party for my nephew 参加我侄子的生日聚会 15.after a brief pause短暂的停顿之后 16.sew the dresses on the sewing machine 用缝纫机缝制裙子 17.pretend to be someone else 把自己包装成别人 18.find fault with my work挑剔我的工作 19.traditional virtue传统美德 20.pick up garbage清理垃圾 21.open a savings account 开一个储蓄账户 22.receive large bonuses获得一大笔奖金 23.reap what you sow种瓜得瓜 24.during the harvest在收获季节 25.stick to your principles 恪守自己的原则 续表 写作词汇运用 语境记忆 26.arrest n.& vt.逮捕，拘捕；吸引（attract）；阻止或抑制 ①arrest his attention引起他的注意 ②under arrest because of theft因盗窃被捕 27.forgive vt.& vi.（forgave，forgiven）原谅，宽恕；免除（债务） ①forgive me for interrupting 原谅我打岔 ②agree to forgive a large part of the debt 同意免除一大部分债务 28.innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的 n.无辜者，单纯的人 Singing happily， she gazed at her surroundings with large， innocent eyes. （神态描写） 她快乐地唱歌，用天真无邪的大眼睛凝视着周围的环境。 29.integrity n.诚实正直；完整，完好 It was Gunter’s kindness and my integrity that had turned a potentially disastrous evening into a story I would cherish for years to come. 是冈特的善良和我的诚实正直将一个可能变得灾难性的夜晚转变成了一个我将在未来多年里珍视难忘的故事。 30.wrinkle n.皱纹；褶皱，皱痕 vt.& vi.（使脸上）起皱纹，皱起 Her hands， covered with wrinkles， had witnessed countless sunrises and sunsets throughout her life. 她那双布满皱纹的手见证了她一生中无数的日出日落。 派生词汇识记 1.appointment n.约定，约会；任命，委任；职务→appoint vt.约定，指定，确定 2.reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→rely vi.依靠，依赖 3.criminal n.罪犯 adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的→crime n.罪行，犯罪行为 4.legal adj.合法的；法律的→illegal adj.非法的；违法的→illegally adv.违法地 5.socialist adj.社会主义的 n.社会主义者→socialism n.社会主义→social adj.社会的 6.photographer n.摄影师，拍照者→photograph n.照片 vt.拍照→photography n.照相术；摄影 7.guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的→guilt n.内疚；犯罪；有罪 8.ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→shame n.羞耻，惭愧；遗憾的事→shameful adj.不体面的 9.disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n.失望 10.mercy n.仁慈，宽恕→merciful adj.仁慈的 11.guide vt.指导；指引n.导游；向导→guidance n.指导；导航 12.discouraged adj.灰心的→discourage vt.使灰心；劝阻→courage n.勇气→encourage vt.鼓励→encouragement n.鼓励 13.worth adj.有……价值；值……钱→worthless adj.没有价值的；没有用的→worthwhile adj.值得花时间（或花钱、努力等），重要的，令人愉快的→worthy adj.值得……的；有价值的 1.后缀-ance名词集锦 ①guide→guidance 指引；指导 ②appear→appearance 出现；外貌 ③perform→performance 表演；节目 ④enter→entrance 进入 ⑤assist→assistance 帮助，援助 ⑥accept→acceptance 接受 ⑦resist→resistance 抵制 2.courage家族团聚 ①courage n.勇气 ②encourage vt.鼓励 ③encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的 ④encouragement n.鼓励 ⑤discourage vt.使泄气 ⑥discouraged adj.灰心的，泄气的 ⑦discouragement n.泄气，灰心 3.“看”之家族小结 ①stare at 凝视，盯着看 ②glare at 怒目而视 ③glance at 瞥一眼 ④gaze at 凝视，盯住 ⑤peep/peek at 偷看 ⑥catch sight of 看见 ⑦catch a glimpse of 瞥一眼 1.make one’s fortune　　发财 2.lose contact 失去联系 3.arm in arm 臂挽着臂 4.under arrest 被逮捕 5.at the mercy of sb/sth 任……处置， 对……无能为力 6.weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重…… 的思想负担 7.make a difference 有影响，起作用 8.go through 经历；仔细检查；通过 9.tear down 拆毁，拆除 10.turn up 露面，到达 11.pull out 退出；撤出；驶离路边 12.take charge of 负责；控制，掌管 13.make contributions to 对……做贡献 14.set aside 搁置；留出 15.in store 贮藏着；等待着；将要发生 16.stare at 盯着 17.on the beat 在巡逻中 18.to one’s disappointment 令某人感到失望的是 19.keep an appointment with 和……约会 20.be at the appointed place on time 按时到了约定地点 21.present one’s thoughts 表达某人的想法 22.meet deadlines for your schoolwork 在最后期限前完成你的作业 1.句式：介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装 原句：In the doorway of a store stood a man， with an unlit cigar in his mouth. 一个男人站在一家店门口，嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。 2.句式：where引导定语从句 原句：As you go through your daily life， you will encounter many difficult situations where things may go wrong. 在你的日常生活中，你会遇到很多事情出现各种问题的困难状况。 3.句式：“疑问词＋-ever”引导宾语从句； however引导让步状语从句 原句：Always give your best in whatever you set out to do， however difficult that might be. 总是尽你最大努力去做自己打算要做的事情，无论它有多困难。 4.句式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句 原句：Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow. 今天播下成功的种子，明天你将会拥有丰厚的收获。 　　I’m sorry to hear that you have suspect about yourself and feel depressed now.What’s a white lie？ For instance， when someone cooks a meal that we dislike， we cheat to say that the food is delicious.That is a white lie. 　　One reason for telling a white lie is to make others feel better and another one is to prevent others feeling disappointed.If your friend asks you what you think of his singing， perhaps he wants some comments from you so that he can improve gradually.But you may give him some encouragement and build up his confidence by telling a white lie.Besides， we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect reliable people from bad news likewise.Therefore， we may find white lies are good virtues.So why not smile at a white lie？ 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $