2026届最新高考英语模拟三轮冲刺之选词填空15篇（上海专用）

2026届最新高考模拟三轮冲刺（上海专用） 选词填空15篇 Passage 1 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accidentally    B．alert     C． curiosity    D．critical    E. defensive    F. disproved G. documented     H. immediate    I. initiating    J. stimulus    K. typically Wanted: Volunteers who can throw new light on “photosneezia” mystery Scientists are attempting to unpick the mystery of the “photic sneeze” — a reflex (反射动作) that causes people to sneeze, in response to bright light — and they need help from the public. “It 1 follows a tickling sensation (痒感). The sneeze is not 2 , and it will take a few seconds,” said Manuel Spitschan, an experimental psychologist at the University of Oxford, who is launching a study into the phenomenon. Much as photic sneezing is a(n) 3 , it can have serious consequences, particularly for ophthalmologists (眼科医生). “And you have other safety 4 professions in which sneezing in response to bright light isn’t helpful, like fighter pilots or truck drivers, anywhere you can’t really lose control of something.” Reports of photosneezia have been 5 throughout the ages. The Greek philosopher Aristotle wondered in his Book of Problems: why does the heat of the sun cause sneezing? His assumption was that sweat inside the nose caused it, but the 17th century English philosopher Francis Bacon 6 this theory by facing the sun with his eyes closed and finding that it did not make him sneeze. His theory was that the sun’s light made the eyes water, causing moisture to drip down the nose, 7 a sneeze. Various modern theories have also been put forward, but none is easily testable. One theory is that optic (视觉的) nerve fibers could 8 activate neighboring nerve fibers as they join in the brain. Curiously, the reflex can also be started during eye surgery, meaning needle-bearing anesthetists (麻醉师) must be 9 to sneezes to avoid damaging patients’ eyes. The goal of the Oxford Photic Sneeze Survey, which Spitschan is coordinating, is to better understand what drives the photic sneeze reflex. “There are approximately 110 papers in the scientific literature that discus this phenomenon, but there’s very little empirical (实证的) data,” he said. “We are hoping to find the ideal 10 to cause the sneeze.” Passage 2 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adoption    B．broad    C． economy    D．gender-neutral     E. organized     F. purely    G. respect    H. rewarded    I. similarly    J. spare    K. uncomfortable Learn Chinese in One Word In recent years, people have talked a lot about the word “they” in English. Many believe this is helpful because it includes both males and females. Yet, English is not the only language that has been experimenting with a(n) 1 expression. French speakers often use “iel,” a combination of “il” (he) and “elle” (she). In Chinese, there is also an interesting idea. In 2015, some internet users suggested a new written form: X也. By combining the letter “X” with parts of the Chinese characters used for “he” and “she”, this symbol still reads as “ta” used for both men and women in spoken Chinese. In this 2 , the new symbol does not change how people speak. Instead, it formalizes something that already exists in the language. After the character was added to Unicode, the international system for digital text, it became easier to type. This helped the wider 3 of the symbol online. However, the situation in English is different. In English, some people still feel 4 with “they”. Many speakers insist that “they” should only refer to more than one person instead of singular words like “someone”. Chinese is different. Since the spoken language already uses one sound for both genders, the new symbol is a(n) 5 visual change. This small change in writing also highlights something curious about the Chinese language on a(n) 6 scale. The language relies heavily on context to express meaning. It has no word exactly like the English article “the,” and time is often understood from the situation rather than from verb endings. Therefore, Chinese can express ideas with surprising 7 , using only a few words. For example, a long sentence such as “The relationships among the Seven Warring States were constantly changing” can be presented as “Relationship between Warring States is constant change.” English, despite its reputation for accuracy, 8 leaves much to context. Verbs in English have only three endings: “-s”, “-ing” and “-ed”. Compared with languages like Russian, where verbs have more than 60 endings, English grammar looks quite 9 . Learning a new language therefore goes beyond learning new vocabulary. It also means understanding how meaning is 10 in different languages. Passage 3 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．climatic  B．damaging  C． exposed  D．fresh  E. fueling  F. inclusively G. lines  H. overdependence  I. overthrown  J. previously  K. separated The Fall of the Roman Empire The Western Roman Empire is known as one of the longest lasting empires. Historians believe that the empire collapsed in 476 A．D．, when its last ruler, Romulus Augustulus, was 1 . The question of why the Western Roman Empire ended has fascinated historians for generations, 2 a debate that is nowhere near reaching an agreement. In 1984, German historian Alexander Demandt drew up a list of more than two hundred factors that have been cited to explain Rome’s fall — a fall 3 blamed on internal corruption (腐败). Other scholars have pointed to more specific reasons. Some have focused on the evolution of the Roman economy, which struggled to expand by the third century A．D．because of 4 on enslaved (受奴役的) people for labor. Ongoing military conflicts and civil wars that broke out from the third century on played a part too, weakening central authority and causing the empire to break apart, leaving it more 5 to external threats. In recent years, however, a (n) 6 theory has emerged, highlighting the impact of climatic changes and disease outbreaks. In a work published in 2017, classics professor Kyle Harper argues that the rise and fall of Rome was shaped not only by emperors, generals, soldiers and slaves, but also by viruses, volcanoes and solar cycles. It is a story in which humanity and the environment cannot be 7 . Harper and other scholars have drawn on climate and widespread-disease data, which have opened up new 8 of research into the study of the past. The data suggest that the 9 conditions of the empire in the first century B．C． favored agricultural, economic, and population growth. But they became more variable with a trend toward cooling and drought, which impacted agricultural productivity. This crisis was compounded by another 10 natural phenomenon: epidemics (时疫). From the latter half of the second century on, epidemics emerged that affected the whole Roman Empire with unmatched intensity. Passage 4 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．access   B．address   C． competence   D．considerable   E. exposure F. hazardous G. idealized H. normalize I. safeguard J. prioritize K. vital Social media: A double-edged Sword for Adolescents Social media is offering significant opportunities alongside critical challenges. On the positive side, social platforms provide spaces for self-expression and meaningful connections. Adolescents can 1 mental health resources online, engage in supportive communities, and share personal stories. These interactions 2 conversations around mental health, reduce unfair labels, and encourage help-seeking behaviors. However, these advantages are counterbalanced by 3 risks. Cyberbullying, social comparison, and the fear of missing out are widespread issues on most platforms. They often lead to heightened anxiety, depression, and weakened self-esteem among teenagers. The 4 lifestyle images shown online frequently make adolescents feel excluded from their social circles. Too much screen time and 5 to harmful content further worsen the situation, damaging their sleep quality, academic performance, and face-to-face social interactions. Adolescents with existing mental health conditions face even greater risks due to online discrimination and a lack of proper guidance. To 6 these problems, a collective effort from policymakers, educators, parents and platform designers is greatly needed. Policymakers should establish clear regulations to 7 adolescents online, including stricter age checks and limits on harmful content. International cooperation is also necessary to create unified rules for global social platforms. Educational institutions play a(n) 8 role in helping adolescents use social media responsibly. Schools can empower students to critically evaluate online content and manage screen time by integrating digital 9 and mental health education into school curricula. Schools can also set up peer support groups and offer counselling services to deal with related challenges early. Parents should stay actively involved in their children’s digital lives by setting clear boundaries and communicating openly. Most importantly, social media platforms must 10 user well-being in their designs. They can provide mental health support tools, content reminders and balanced usage guidance to protect young users. With joint efforts from all sides, society can make social media a positive force for the healthy mental development of adolescents. Passage 5 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．addicted   B．appreciative   C． averaging   D．benefits   E. blinding   F. briefly G. downsides   H. enforced   I. initially   J. seeking   K. urgent I Killed Color on My Phone A few months ago, I began to be worried that I was devoting too many hours to online videos. So, when I read an article about the 1 of switching one’s phone to a black-and-white color mode, I figured I’d give it a try. The result was shocking. The moment I switched, I no longer felt a(n) 2 need to look at my phone. The number of hours I spent per day on the phone dropped 40 percent, to four hours and 40 minutes per day — still embarrassingly high, but not the dizzying eight-plus hours I was 3 . There are some small 4 to my black-and-white online life. Because the answer and decline buttons on my phone are both gray, I’ll sometimes hang up on a call I want to answer. Fortunately, these days, nobody minds if you just call them back. Besides, games weren’t as fun, so I started playing them on my pad and discovered that I liked the separation between work and play that it 5 : phone for boring stuff; pad for fun. And I’ve found that whenever I return to color, even 6 , I am desperate to turn it off again as quickly as possible. With my eyes no longer used to the brightness, I now find the phone’s colors to be too vivid, too 7 . Two and a half months into this journey, my phone usage remains about four hours per day. And I’m pretty sure I’ll never go back to color on my phone. I feel like turning off color on my phone made me more aware and more 8 of the color and beauty in real life. Now that I am no longer turning to my phone for fun, I find myself 9 it out in other ways — reading more books, watching more movies, planning more gatherings with friends, hanging out with my kids. And those are things I do want to be 10 to. Passage 6 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．fine    B．licensed    C． plasticity    D．imposing   E. ordering    F. circles     G. pat    H. reinvent      I. matters    J. demanding    K. reward How Knitting May Be Rewiring Your Brain Knitting — and other so-called “grandma hobbies” — is making a comeback, especially among younger generations. According to Eventbrite data, Gen Z’s interest in “granny core” gatherings, such as knitting 516 and needlework workshops, has grown in recent months, driven in part by a search for relief from digital burnout. But the benefits go beyond nostalgia (怀旧). Recent studies suggest that slow, hands-on tasks, such as knitting, may activate brain systems in ways that support long-term cognitive health in various ways, including engaging memory, attention, and motor function, while helping to regulate stress. In other words, regardless of age or gender, engaging in hands-on, mentally 517 hobbies — whether knitting, wood carving, or model building — may be one of the simplest ways to support brain health. While meditation and puzzles also offer brain benefits, knitting uniquely combines 518 motor coordination, creative planning, and rhythmic two-sided movement — all of which engage different brain systems at once. This kind of creativity in any capacity is helpful, says Emily Sharp, a 519 therapist at NY Art Therapy. A 2024 study in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience supports the outlook, demonstrating how creative activities activate the brain’s dopaminergic reward network, particularly in areas deeply involved in pleasure, motivation, and mood. But unlike the dopamine rises caused by scrolling or sugar, knitting provides a slower, steadier   520 . Plus, since activities like knitting require planning, 521 and problem-solving, they activate executive function alongside motor and emotional systems. This full-brain engagement helps strengthen neural (神经的) connectivity, a crucial tool for maintaining the brain’s flexibility and resilience as we age. If you are already an accomplished knitter, don’t 522 yourself on the back just yet. The cognitive benefits of activities like knitting aren’t about the task itself — they’re about the process of learning something new. Novelty (新颖) 523 . When you challenge the brain with unfamiliar tasks, such as learning to knit, it lights up new pathways, offering a unique neurological boost. With time and repetition, those same actions become fluent and calming, allowing the brain to shift into a restorative flow state. This challenge-to-mastery process helps maintain neural 524 . However, you must continually 525 the challenges for your brain as you master old ones. The good news? The cognitive challenge doesn’t have to be big. Passage 7 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．tempting  B．developing  C． permanent  D．marketed  E. control  F. rapidly G. required  H. present  I. addicted  J. entirely  K. decrease Is vaping really safer than smoking? What exactly is vaping, and why is it so popular among teens? Vaping is inhaling vapor (吸入雾气) through e-cigarette. It is 1 as an alternative smoking tobacco. There are likely several reasons why teens find vaping interesting. Vaping devices look cool, and who doesn’t like to look cool? Liquids for electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) come in hundreds of 2 flavors such as mango, or strawberries and cream. Teens also think more about the here and now than the future. Here and now, vaping may be cool, but down the road, it’s not. People see vaping as safe because they think that they’re just inhaling water vapor and tasty flavorings. But much more than that is going into their lungs. In fact, many different chemicals go into vape pods (烟弹). The liquid inside can contain heavy metals that cause lung damage. The chemical diacetyl (双乙酰), 3 in many e-liquids, causes popcorn lung, which makes breathing difficult. Signs of it can appear as little as two weeks after inhaling the chemical. The condition has no cure. The damage is 4 . More troubling is the presence of nicotine in the vapor. Nicotine makes people feel good but is very addicting. It reaches the brain 10 seconds after being inhaled. Once 5 , people find it difficult to quit using it. The potential for nicotine addiction is higher in teens than adults because a teenager’s brain is still 6 . Nicotine use during the teen years can affect one’s brain to become easily addicted to other drugs. One vape pod can contain more nicotine than 20 cigarettes. Nicotine affects the length of time teens can pay attention, their ability to learn and their emotion 7 . People addicted to nicotine are often anxious without the drug. Over time more and more is 8 to make them feel good. But it’s never too late to quit. Ask friends and family to help. Don’t just plan to 9 the number of times you vape each day. Now is the time to drop your e-cigarette 10 . If you get anxious, breathe deeply and focus on enjoying the air. Cutting vaping out of your life will make your body happier and healthier. Passage 8 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．identifying  B．exploiting  C． interventions  D．biologically  E. statistically  F. randomized   G. linked  H. regulating    I. trial   J. average  K. clinical New Research Links Daily Multivitamins to Slower Biological Aging Epigenetic (后成的；外遗传的) clocks estimate biological aging based on tiny changes in our DNA．These clocks look at specific sites in our DNA 1 gene expression and change naturally as we get older, helping track with mortality and the pace of aging. “There is a lot of interest today in 2 ways to not just live longer, but to live better,” said Dr. Howard Sesso, a researcher at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. “It was exciting to see benefits of a multivitamin 3 accessible, safe 4 with markers of biological aging. This study opens the door to learning more about that contribute to healthier, higher-quality aging.” For their research, Dr. Sesso and his colleagues used data from the well-established Cocoa Supplement Multivitamins Outcomes Study (COSMOS). They analyzed DNA methylation data from blood samples of 98 randomly selected healthy participants with a(n) 5 chronological age of 70. The participants were 6 to take a daily cocoa extract and multivitamin; daily cocoa extract and placebo; placebo and multivitamin; or placebos only. Samples were analyzed for changes in five epigenetic clocks from the start of the 7 and at the end of the first and second years. Compared to the placebo only group, people in the multivitamin group had slowing in all five epigenetic clocks, including 8 clocks that are predictive of mortality. The changes equated to about four months less biological aging over the course of two years. Additionally, people who were 9 older than their actual age at the start of the trial benefited the most. “We plan to do follow-up research to determine if the slowing of biological aging — observed through these five epigenetic clocks, and additional or new ones — persists after the trial ends,” said Dr. Yanbin Dong, a researcher at Augusta University. “A lot of people take a multivitamin without necessarily knowing any benefits from taking it, so the more we can learn about its potential health benefits, the better,” Dr. Sesso added. “Within COSMOS, we are fortunate and excited to build upon a rich resource of biomarker data to test how two interventions may improve biological aging and reduce age-related 10 outcomes.” Passage 9 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．charms   B．distractions  C． distant     D．perspective  E. significant   F. productive  G. worries    H. contribute   I. access      J. strengthen    K. underestimated In the age of information overload, teenagers are increasingly drawn to short-form entertainment that offers instant satisfaction, but scientific reading, an activity that demands focus and critical thinking, is often 1 despite its profound impact on adolescent development. Unlike mindless scrolling through social media, scientific reading helps teenagers develop a logical 2 and enables them to understand the world in a more rational and comprehensive way. A new collection of popular science books, designed by The Economist’s science editorial team, has gained popularity among teenagers. These books simplify complex scientific theories into engaging stories, adding unique 3 to abstract knowledge and making it easier for teenagers to grasp. For many students, such books help them escape academic 4 and discover the joy of exploring the mysteries of nature and technology. Yet, electronic devices have become major 5 to deep scientific reading. Constant pop-up notifications and short video recommendations interrupt teenagers’ reading flow, making it difficult for them to engage in deep thinking. These digital distractions 6 to the decline of teenagers’ ability to concentrate, which affects their ability to understand complex scientific content. The benefits of scientific reading are not always obvious at first; some are 7 and will manifest gradually in teenagers’ future study and career. It can enhance their learning efficiency, 8 their analytical skills and help them form a scientific outlook on life. Providing teenagers with easy 9 to high-quality popular science resources is key to motivating their passion for scientific exploration. In reality, scientific reading is by no means a waste of time. On the contrary, it is a 10 activity that enriches teenagers’ minds and enhances their comprehensive qualities, laying a solid foundation for their lifelong development. Passage 10 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．anchoring    B．chorus    C． cooperative    D．documenting    E. enhance    F. essentially G. host    H. randomly    I. recognizable    J. shoots    K. vocabulary Distant Diplomacy When danger approaches, many creatures seem to follow the ancient proverb that “the enemy of my enemy is my friend.” Researchers have recently been finding subtle ways that animals communicate with other species in this kind of 1 defense treaty. For example, Nature Ecology & Evolution carries a recent study 2 more than 20 bird species on four continents that emit virtually identical “whining (哀鸣)” calls when they spot brood parasites (寄生繁殖) such as cuckoos. “That call is 3 the word for ‘cuckoo,’” says study co-lead author James Kennerley at Cornell University. “And it’s recruiting individuals to come together against this common enemy.” Brood parasites lay eggs in other birds’ nests, manipulating the 4 parents into raising their chicks for them. At a field site in Australia, Kennerley has witnessed individuals from a dozen or more species attack a cuckoo in response to whining calls in 5 . These mobs can be so aggressive that Kennerley needs to cage the specimen used in their experiments to protect it. Otherwise the attacking birds would have “just completely torn it to pieces,” Kennerley says. Many birds also share a common 6 for predators. Research by wildlife ecologist Erick Greene shows that various songbirds produce 7 “seet” calls to warn of a raptor (猛禽) in flight. The calls are too high-pitched for raptors to hear well, so the predators remain unaware as information about their arrival 8 through the forest. If the raptor settles, songbirds switch to “mobbing” calls, a distinct sound that, as Greene puts it, “draws in the troops to drive that raptor off.” Defense is not the only reason for cross-species communication. Among other things, it may help birds migrate and 9 food intake. A recent study found that when seabirds with good vision search for food with seabirds with strong senses of smell, they both have far greater success at catching krill. Unlike with the seet and whining calls, however, it’s unclear whether they’re deliberately signaling to one another or “just 10 following other birds,” says study lead author Jesse Granger, a biophysicist at Duke University. But clearly, “very complex multispecies communication networks are pervasive,” Greene says. “It really benefits animals to pay attention to one another.” Passage 11 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A．anchor    B．comparing    C． calorie    D．charge   E. operator   F. calculate G. insufficient    H. live     I. plug     J. specializing    K. tailor-made Carbon labelling isn’t new, but it is gaining a lot more traction of late - especially when it comes to travel. Carbon labels should be an easy way of 1 products or services to see which are most sustainable at a glance, by providing a comprehensive, numbered footprint. Increasing numbers of businesses across a variety of sectors are getting onboard with the idea. For example, in the last month alone, exercise tracking app Strava announced a new tool to 2 carbon savings from going for runs, walks, cycles and e-bike rides. But perhaps one of the industries in which the concept could be most complicated is travel. It is one of the most carbon-intensive recreational activities any of us will ever take, and one for which the majority of us have 3 ideas of the impact. If you break it all down,which is really worse: an all-inclusive cruise round the Bahamas? Or a trip to an eco-lodge in Costa Rica that involves a 24-hour round-trip on a plane? As an ordinary individual, it feels like an impossible task to figure out if one holiday is “better”than another. Many a pioneering 4 started doing the hard work of measuring the impact of trips, down to the smallest element, and posting the results on their packages several years ago. Much Better Adventures led the 5 , trailing the idea at the beginning of 2021- the first international travel company to do so. “Do I think it will be everywhere? I do,” Sam Bruce, the business’s co-founder, told me at the time. “It should go beyond travel and they should be on all products that we buy; carbon labels should be the new 6 . In Much Better Adventures’ case, the label includes carbon emissions from all local transport, accommodation, activities, guides, staff and office operations. Pura Aventura, 7 in holidays to Latin America, Spain and Portugal, wasn’t far behind, though with a different slant.” The complexity we have is that all our trips are 8 -so we can’t say we’ve got 50 trips and let’s measure the carbon of each one,“said co-founder and CEO Thomas Power.” Every trip is different. You need a 9 tool — so we built it into our database.“ The company doesn’t just measure the trip itself, but includes the travel to get there, door-to-door: ”We want to know where you live, where the airport is, which flight you’re taking,“says Thomas.”We can 10 into the database your postcode, Gatwick airport, your short-haul flight-and then the carbon factor calculates the journey and the amount of carbon produced. Passage 12 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．swings B．birth C． deceive D．seeds E. engagement F. rarely G. elevate H. naturally I. necessarily J. note K. eclipse The Dark Side of Creativity Few psychological traits are as desirable as creativity — the ability to come up with ideas that are both novel and useful. Yet it is also true that creativity has been associated with a wide range of unattractive, 1 discussed qualities. Being aware of these tendencies is important for anyone trying to better understand their own creativity, or that of other people. First, research has established a link between creativity and negative moods. You do not have to be depressed to be creative. However, it is true that there is some concrete evidence for the stereotype that artists tend to be depressive or suffer from mood 2 . As German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche once noted: “One must have chaos in oneself to be able to give 3 to a dancing star.” In general, people who are very emotionally stable may be too happy to feel the need to create. After all, if the status quo is fine, why change it? More recently, creativity has been associated with dishonesty, probably because it enables individuals to creatively distort reality. This is not to say that creative people are 4 unethical. Rather, their lower tolerance for boredom and tradition, and their more vivid imaginations, equip them with more sophisticated mental tools to 5 both themselves and others. Research has also found that creative individuals are often more narcissistic (自恋的), and that narcissism can actually boost creative achievements. This makes sense. Narcissistic people are focused on themselves, and 6 spend more time developing their own ideas and less time worrying about pleasing other people. However, it is important to 7 that narcissists tend to think that they are more creative than they actually are. Of course, the bright side of creativity tends to 8 its dark side. At the individual level, creativity has been linked to a wide range of positive emotions, such as flow 9 , and subjective well-being. When people are assigned to meaningful jobs and are given autonomy over their work, they will develop their creativity and enjoy all of its benefits. At the team level, coordinated group behavior can turn creativity into actual innovation, the practical side of creativity. And at the societal level, creativity provides the 10 of change and progress. Without creativity, we would still be living in the dark ages. Passage 13 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．cultivating  B．delayers  C． temptation  D．effectively  E. motivational  F. energized G. scheduling  H. favorable  I. identify  J. vision  K. monitored It is tempting, when your shiny New Year’s resolutions start to collapse, to tell yourself that self-control simply isn’t your strong point. “Oh well,” you might say, surrendering to the desire for a large glass of beer. “No willpower, that’s my problem.” But, according to a body of scientific research, willpower is not a talent that a lucky few are born with. It is a skill to be practised. “Willpower is a dynamic fluctuation resource.” explains Frank Ryan, consultant clinical psychologist and author of Willpower for dummies. “Our level of willpower fluctuates according to our motivation in any given situation. Everybody can learn to use their willpower more 1 .” Even if you are not trying to turn over a new leaf for the new year, 2 willpower is a good idea, as the psychologist Walter Mischel demonstrated in the 1960s and 70s. In his famous study, a group of four-year-olds were offered the choice of one sweet treat now, or two if they could wait 15 minutes. Their performance was then 3 into adulthood. The “high 4 ” went on to achieve greater academic success, better health and lower divorce rates. “To maximize our chances of sticking to resolutions,” Ryan says, “we should 5 our willpower profile. For example: some people are more impulsive than others. That does come down to personality.” Introverts tend to get 6 by thoughts and ideas. So, if that’s you, you should find it easier to get motivated by an inner 7 than extroverts who get fired up by people and social approval. For introverts, 8 time to reflect on your progress, such as keeping a diary can be helpful. For extroverts, signing up for a group such as Parkrun or Weight Watchers where everyone has common goal can help you to strengthen your resolve, as can sharing even small progress with others. “You need to learn the core skills to cope with triggers and cues that activate your reward-seeking response,” Ryan adds. “It’s about coping with 9 which often comes from the environment, the people, places or things that act as 10 magnets to challenge your willpower.” In other words, if you are trying to avoid cake, it is probably best to find a route home that serves the artisanal doughnuts. Passage 14 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A．abandonment  B．initiated   C． categorizing  D．revealed  E. investigating  F. boost G. share   H. overlooking     I.bargain       J. heavily    K. admittedly Shoppers hoping to bag a 1 in the post-Christmas sales are much less likely to go through with their purchases if they are using phones and tablets to buy goods online. This is because consumers often worry they are not seeing the full picture on a mobile app or that they could be missing out on special offers or 2 hidden costs, according to new research. Concerns about privacy and security can also motivate people to put items into their shopping baskets but then quit without paying. Although mobile apps are 3 becoming among the most popular ways to shop online, the phenomenon of shopping cart 4 is much higher than for desktop-based online shopping. According to Market Research firm Criteo, the 5 of e-commerce purchases from mobile devices increased to 46% of global e-commerce trade in the second quarter of 2016, however, only 27% of purchases 6 on this channel were finalized, significantly lagging behind desktop initiated purchases. Researchers at the University of East Anglia(UEA) 7 why this is so say it represents a huge challenge for online retailers, who are investing 8 in mobile shopping, but not receiving the rewards in successful sales. “Our study results 9 a paradox (悖论),” said Dr Nikolaos Korfiatis of Norwich Business School at UEA．“Mobile shopping is supposed to make the process easier, and yet concerns about making the right choice, or about whether the site is secure enough leads to an emotional ambivalence (矛盾情绪) about the transaction and that means customers are much more likely to simply abandon their shopping carts without completing a purchase.” Strategies that might 10 a shopper to complete a purchase include adding special offers, or coupons for a nearby store at the checkout stage. “Retailers need to invest in technology, but they need to do it in the right way, so the investment pays off,” added Dr Korfiatis. Passage 15 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．signal     B．ranging     C． features     D．subjective     E. shifts      F. underwent G. dramatically    H. remarkable   I. relatively    J. practiced       K. conditions Color Psychology: Does It Affect How You Feel? Do you feel energized when you see red? Does the color blue make you feel calm? Artists and designers have long believed that color can 1 affect moods, feelings, and emotions. “Colors, like 2 , follow the changes of the emotions,” the artist Pablo Picasso once said. Color is a powerful communication tool and can be used to 3 action, influence mood, and even affect physiological (生理的) reactions. Certain colors have been associated with physiological changes, including increased blood pressure and eye tiredness. Color psychology is the study of how different colors affect human mood and behavior. The scientific exploration of color psychology is 4 new, but people have long been interested in the nature and impact of color. In ancient cultures, colors were often used to treat different 5 , or even for a certain spiritual practice. Why is color such a powerful force in our lives? What effects can it have on our bodies and minds? While perceptions of color are somewhat 6 , some color effects have universal meanings. For example, colors in the red area of the color spectrum (光谱), are known as warm colors. These warm colors bring about emotions 7 from feelings of warmth and comfort to feelings of anger. “It is 8 how colors can profoundly shape our mood and modulate our behavior,” observes Dr. Rachel Goldman. “Consider the way in which wearing garments of varying colors can alter your emotional state.” Perhaps the next time you are feeling energetic, think about this and see if your mood 9 by wearing a different color."   Several ancient cultures, including the Egyptians and Chinese, 10 chromotherapy, or the use of colors to cure. Chromotherapy is sometimes referred to as light therapy. A 2020 study suggested that chromotherapy may be an effective way to help reduce feelings of post-traumatic (创伤后) stress in intensive care unit nurses. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026届最新高考模拟三轮冲刺（上海专用） 选词填空15篇 Passage 1 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accidentally    B．alert     C． curiosity    D．critical    E. defensive    F. disproved G. documented     H. immediate    I. initiating    J. stimulus    K. typically Wanted: Volunteers who can throw new light on “photosneezia” mystery Scientists are attempting to unpick the mystery of the “photic sneeze” — a reflex (反射动作) that causes people to sneeze, in response to bright light — and they need help from the public. “It 1 follows a tickling sensation (痒感). The sneeze is not 2 , and it will take a few seconds,” said Manuel Spitschan, an experimental psychologist at the University of Oxford, who is launching a study into the phenomenon. Much as photic sneezing is a(n) 3 , it can have serious consequences, particularly for ophthalmologists (眼科医生). “And you have other safety 4 professions in which sneezing in response to bright light isn’t helpful, like fighter pilots or truck drivers, anywhere you can’t really lose control of something.” Reports of photosneezia have been 5 throughout the ages. The Greek philosopher Aristotle wondered in his Book of Problems: why does the heat of the sun cause sneezing? His assumption was that sweat inside the nose caused it, but the 17th century English philosopher Francis Bacon 6 this theory by facing the sun with his eyes closed and finding that it did not make him sneeze. His theory was that the sun’s light made the eyes water, causing moisture to drip down the nose, 7 a sneeze. Various modern theories have also been put forward, but none is easily testable. One theory is that optic (视觉的) nerve fibers could 8 activate neighboring nerve fibers as they join in the brain. Curiously, the reflex can also be started during eye surgery, meaning needle-bearing anesthetists (麻醉师) must be 9 to sneezes to avoid damaging patients’ eyes. The goal of the Oxford Photic Sneeze Survey, which Spitschan is coordinating, is to better understand what drives the photic sneeze reflex. “There are approximately 110 papers in the scientific literature that discus this phenomenon, but there’s very little empirical (实证的) data,” he said. “We are hoping to find the ideal 10 to cause the sneeze.” 【答案】 1．K 2．H 3．C 4．D 5．G 6．F 7．I 8．A 9．B 10．J 【导语】文章主要围绕“光喷嚏反射”这一现象展开，介绍了其表现、可能的危害、历史上的相关研究及牛津大学的相关调查目的。 1．考查副词。句意：它通常伴随着一种痒感。空处修饰动词follows，需用副词，结合语境，此处指光喷嚏反射通常会有痒感作为前兆，副词typically（通常；典型地）符合题意。 2．考查形容词。句意：喷嚏不是即时的，会需要几秒钟。空处作表语，结合后半句“it will take a few seconds”可知，此处指喷嚏不会立刻发生，形容词immediate（即时的；立即的）符合题意。 3．考查名词。句意：尽管光喷嚏是一种令人好奇的事物，但它可能会产生严重的后果，尤其是对眼科医生而言。空处前有不定冠词a(n)修饰，需用名词作表语，结合上文“Scientists are attempting to unpick the mystery of the “photic sneeze””可知，光喷嚏是一种令人好奇的现象，名词curiosity（好奇的事物）符合题意。 4．考查形容词。句意：还有其他对安全至关重要的职业，在这些职业中，因强光打喷嚏是无益的，比如战斗机飞行员或卡车司机，在这些职业中，你真的不能失去对某些事物的控制。空处修饰名词professions，需用形容词，结合“fighter pilots or truck drivers”可知，这些职业对安全要求极高，形容词critical（至关重要的）符合题意。 5．考查动词。句意：历代都有关于光喷嚏反射的记载。空处前有been，结合语境可知，此处为现在完成时的被动语态，需用过去分词，结合“Reports of photosneezia”可知，光喷嚏反射的现象在历史上一直有记载，过去分词documented（记载；记录）符合题意。 6．考查动词。句意：他的假设是鼻子里的汗水导致了这种现象，但17世纪英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根通过闭着眼睛面对太阳，发现这并没有让他打喷嚏，从而反驳了这一理论。空处作谓语，文章叙述历史上的研究，用一般过去时，结合“finding that it did not make him sneeze”可知，培根的实验反驳了亚里士多德的理论，动词disproved（反驳；证明……是错误的）符合题意。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：他的理论是，太阳的光线使眼睛流泪，泪水滴落到鼻子里，引发喷嚏。结合“the sun’s light made the eyes water, causing moisture to drip down the nose”可知，此处指这种情况引发了喷嚏，动词initiate（引发；启动）符合，和逻辑主语the sun’s light made the eyes water, causing moisture to drip down the nose是主动关系，用现在分词initiating作结果状语 8．考查副词。句意：一种理论是，视觉神经纤维在进入大脑时可能会意外激活邻近的神经纤维。空处修饰动词activate，需用副词，结合“activate neighboring nerve fibers as they join in the brain”可知，此处指视觉神经纤维可能意外激活其他神经纤维，副词accidentally（意外地；偶然地）符合题意。 9．考查形容词。句意：奇怪的是，这种反射也可能在眼科手术中发生，这意味着手持针头的麻醉师必须警惕喷嚏，以避免损伤患者的眼睛。空处作表语，结合“avoid damaging patients’ eyes”可知，麻醉师需要警惕喷嚏的发生，形容词alert（警惕的；警觉的）符合题意。 10．考查名词。句意：我们希望找到引发喷嚏的理想刺激物。空处前有定冠词the和形容词ideal修饰，需用名词，结合前文研究光喷嚏反射的目的可知，此处指找到能引发喷嚏的理想刺激物，名词stimulus（刺激物）符合题意，复数形式表泛指。 Passage 2 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adoption    B．broad    C． economy    D．gender-neutral     E. organized     F. purely    G. respect    H. rewarded    I. similarly    J. spare    K. uncomfortable Learn Chinese in One Word In recent years, people have talked a lot about the word “they” in English. Many believe this is helpful because it includes both males and females. Yet, English is not the only language that has been experimenting with a(n) 1 expression. French speakers often use “iel,” a combination of “il” (he) and “elle” (she). In Chinese, there is also an interesting idea. In 2015, some internet users suggested a new written form: X也. By combining the letter “X” with parts of the Chinese characters used for “he” and “she”, this symbol still reads as “ta” used for both men and women in spoken Chinese. In this 2 , the new symbol does not change how people speak. Instead, it formalizes something that already exists in the language. After the character was added to Unicode, the international system for digital text, it became easier to type. This helped the wider 3 of the symbol online. However, the situation in English is different. In English, some people still feel 4 with “they”. Many speakers insist that “they” should only refer to more than one person instead of singular words like “someone”. Chinese is different. Since the spoken language already uses one sound for both genders, the new symbol is a(n) 5 visual change. This small change in writing also highlights something curious about the Chinese language on a(n) 6 scale. The language relies heavily on context to express meaning. It has no word exactly like the English article “the,” and time is often understood from the situation rather than from verb endings. Therefore, Chinese can express ideas with surprising 7 , using only a few words. For example, a long sentence such as “The relationships among the Seven Warring States were constantly changing” can be presented as “Relationship between Warring States is constant change.” English, despite its reputation for accuracy, 8 leaves much to context. Verbs in English have only three endings: “-s”, “-ing” and “-ed”. Compared with languages like Russian, where verbs have more than 60 endings, English grammar looks quite 9 . Learning a new language therefore goes beyond learning new vocabulary. It also means understanding how meaning is 10 in different languages. 【答案】 1．D 2．G 3．A 4．K 5．F 6．B 7．C 8．I 9．J 10．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中英两种语言在性别中性表达上的不同演变方式，并对比了汉语与英语在语境依赖、语法简洁度上的语言特点。 1．考查形容词。句意：然而，英语并不是唯一一种一直在尝试性别中性表达的语言。空处需填形容词作作定语，上文提到 “they”可同时指代男性和女性，具有包容性，因此此处指性别中性的表达，gender-neutral表示“性别中性的”，符合句意。故填D。 2．考查名词。句意：在这方面，这个新符号并没有改变人们的说话方式。空处需填名词作宾语，根据前文“this symbol still reads as “ta” used for both men and women in spoken Chinese”可知，这个符号读音仍为“ta”，在汉语口语中可同时指代男性和女性，说明在这方面，这个新符号并没有改变人们的说话方式。固定搭配in this respect表示“在这方面，从这一点来看”。故填G。 3．考查名词。句意：这有助于该符号在网络上更广泛地被采用。空处需填名词作宾语，根据后文“ the symbol online”及前文提到该字形被加入国际数字编码，更易输入，因此促进了它的普及和使用。adoption表示“采用，采纳”。故填A。 4．考查形容词。句意：在英语中，有些人仍然对使用单数“they”感到不舒服。空处需填形容词作表语，根据后文“Many speakers insist that “they” should only refer to more than one person instead of singular words like “someone””提到很多人认为“they”只能指复数，说明他们对此用法感到不适、别扭，uncomfortable表示“不舒服的”。故填K。 5．考查副词。句意：由于汉语口语中两种性别本就同音，这个新符号只是纯粹的视觉变化。空处需填副词修饰形容词visual，强调变化仅仅、纯粹停留在书写层面，purely表示“纯粹地”，符合句意。故填F。 6．考查形容词。句意：这一书写上的微小变化，也在更广泛的层面凸显了汉语的奇妙特点。空处需填形容词修饰名词scale，短语on a broad scale为固定搭配，表示“广泛地，大规模地”。故填B。 7．考查名词。句意：因此，汉语能用极少的词语，以惊人的简洁性表达思想。空处需填名词，根据后文“using only a few words”可知，汉语表达简洁高效，economy在此表示 “简洁、简练、节约措辞”。故填C。 8．考查副词。句意：尽管英语以精准著称，它同样在很大程度上依赖语境。空处需填副词修饰动词leaves，将英语与汉语对比，表示“同样地”也依靠上下文理解意思，similarly “同样地”符合题意。故填I。 9．考查形容词。句意：相比俄语动词有六十多种词形变化，英语语法看起来十分简洁。空处需填形容词作表语，与俄语动词的复杂变化对比，英语语法更简单、简洁，spare在此表示 “简朴的”。故填 J。 10．考查动词被动语态。句意：这也意味着要理解不同语言中意义是如何被组织表达的。空处需填过去分词，与be动词构成被动语态，此处表示意义在语言中被“梳理、组织、构建”，用过去分词organized。故填E。 Passage 3 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．climatic  B．damaging  C． exposed  D．fresh  E. fueling  F. inclusively G. lines  H. overdependence  I. overthrown  J. previously  K. separated The Fall of the Roman Empire The Western Roman Empire is known as one of the longest lasting empires. Historians believe that the empire collapsed in 476 A．D．, when its last ruler, Romulus Augustulus, was 1 . The question of why the Western Roman Empire ended has fascinated historians for generations, 2 a debate that is nowhere near reaching an agreement. In 1984, German historian Alexander Demandt drew up a list of more than two hundred factors that have been cited to explain Rome’s fall — a fall 3 blamed on internal corruption (腐败). Other scholars have pointed to more specific reasons. Some have focused on the evolution of the Roman economy, which struggled to expand by the third century A．D．because of 4 on enslaved (受奴役的) people for labor. Ongoing military conflicts and civil wars that broke out from the third century on played a part too, weakening central authority and causing the empire to break apart, leaving it more 5 to external threats. In recent years, however, a (n) 6 theory has emerged, highlighting the impact of climatic changes and disease outbreaks. In a work published in 2017, classics professor Kyle Harper argues that the rise and fall of Rome was shaped not only by emperors, generals, soldiers and slaves, but also by viruses, volcanoes and solar cycles. It is a story in which humanity and the environment cannot be 7 . Harper and other scholars have drawn on climate and widespread-disease data, which have opened up new 8 of research into the study of the past. The data suggest that the 9 conditions of the empire in the first century B．C． favored agricultural, economic, and population growth. But they became more variable with a trend toward cooling and drought, which impacted agricultural productivity. This crisis was compounded by another 10 natural phenomenon: epidemics (时疫). From the latter half of the second century on, epidemics emerged that affected the whole Roman Empire with unmatched intensity. 【答案】 1．I 2．E 3．J 4．H 5．C 6．D 7．K 8．G 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了西罗马帝国灭亡的原因，包括内部腐败、经济问题、军事冲突、气候变化和疾病爆发等。 1．考查固定短语。句意：历史学家认为，公元476年，西罗马帝国最后一任统治者罗慕路斯·奥古斯都路斯被推翻，帝国随之崩溃。根据“The question of why the Western Roman Empire ended”可知，此处指西罗马帝国最后一任统治者被推翻，I选项“overthrown”为overthrow“推翻”的过去分词，与was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填I。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：西罗马帝国为何终结的问题一直吸引着历史学家，引发了一场远未达成共识的辩论。根据“a debate that is nowhere near reaching an agreement”可知，此处指引发了一场远未达成共识的辩论，E选项“fueling”为fuel“引发，加剧”的现在分词，作状语。故填E。 3．考查副词。句意：1984年，德国历史学家亚历山大·德曼特列出了一份清单，列举了200多个被用来解释罗马衰落的因素——人们以前认为罗马的衰落是内部腐败造成的。根据“blamed on internal corruption”可知，此处指人们以前认为罗马的衰落是内部腐败造成的，用J选项“previously”，意为“以前”，作状语。故填J。 4．考查名词。句意：一些学者关注罗马经济的演变，由于过度依赖奴隶劳动，到公元3世纪，罗马经济难以扩张。根据“on enslaved (受奴役的) people for labor”可知，此处指过度依赖奴隶劳动，H选项“overdependence”意为“过度依赖”，作宾语。故填H。 5．考查形容词。句意：从3世纪开始爆发的持续军事冲突和内战也起到了一定作用，削弱了中央权威，导致帝国分裂，使其更容易受到外部威胁。根据“to external threats”可知，此处指使其更容易受到外部威胁，用C选项“exposed”，意为“易受攻击的，无保护的”，作宾补。故填C。 6．考查形容词。句意：然而，近年来，一种新的理论出现了，强调气候变化和疾病爆发的影响。根据“highlighting the impact of climatic changes and disease outbreaks”可知，前文介绍传统观点，此处表示新兴理论，用D选项“fresh”，意为“新的”，作定语。故填D。 7．考查动词。句意：在这个故事中，人类和环境是不可分割的。根据“humanity and the environment cannot be”可知，此处指人类和环境是不可分割的，K选项“separated”为separate“分离”的过去分词，与humanity and the environment为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与cannot be构成含情态动词的被动语态。故填K。 8．考查名词。句意：哈珀和其他学者利用气候和广泛传播的疾病数据，为过去的研究开辟了新的研究途径。根据“of research into the study of the past”可知，哈珀和其他学者为过去的研究开辟了新的方向。lines of research为固定搭配，意为“研究方向”。故填G。 9．考查形容词。句意：数据显示，帝国在公元前一世纪的气候条件有利于农业、经济和人口增长。根据“conditions of the empire in the first century B.C. favored agricultural, economic, and population growth”可知，此处指帝国在公元前一世纪的气候条件，用A选项“climatic”，意为“气候的”，作定语。故填A。 10．考查形容词。句意：这场危机因另一种破坏性的自然现象而加剧：流行病。根据“natural phenomenon: epidemics (时疫)”可知，此处指流行病是破坏性的，用B选项“damaging”，意为“破坏性的”，作定语。故填B。 Passage 4 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．access   B．address   C． competence   D．considerable   E. exposure F. hazardous G. idealized H. normalize I. safeguard J. prioritize K. vital Social media: A double-edged Sword for Adolescents Social media is offering significant opportunities alongside critical challenges. On the positive side, social platforms provide spaces for self-expression and meaningful connections. Adolescents can 1 mental health resources online, engage in supportive communities, and share personal stories. These interactions 2 conversations around mental health, reduce unfair labels, and encourage help-seeking behaviors. However, these advantages are counterbalanced by 3 risks. Cyberbullying, social comparison, and the fear of missing out are widespread issues on most platforms. They often lead to heightened anxiety, depression, and weakened self-esteem among teenagers. The 4 lifestyle images shown online frequently make adolescents feel excluded from their social circles. Too much screen time and 5 to harmful content further worsen the situation, damaging their sleep quality, academic performance, and face-to-face social interactions. Adolescents with existing mental health conditions face even greater risks due to online discrimination and a lack of proper guidance. To 6 these problems, a collective effort from policymakers, educators, parents and platform designers is greatly needed. Policymakers should establish clear regulations to 7 adolescents online, including stricter age checks and limits on harmful content. International cooperation is also necessary to create unified rules for global social platforms. Educational institutions play a(n) 8 role in helping adolescents use social media responsibly. Schools can empower students to critically evaluate online content and manage screen time by integrating digital 9 and mental health education into school curricula. Schools can also set up peer support groups and offer counselling services to deal with related challenges early. Parents should stay actively involved in their children’s digital lives by setting clear boundaries and communicating openly. Most importantly, social media platforms must 10 user well-being in their designs. They can provide mental health support tools, content reminders and balanced usage guidance to protect young users. With joint efforts from all sides, society can make social media a positive force for the healthy mental development of adolescents. 【答案】 1．A 2．H 3．D 4．G 5．E 6．B 7．I 8．K 9．C 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章讨论了社交媒体的利与弊，说明它是青少年的双刃剑。 1．考查动词。句意：青少年可以在网上获得心理健康资源，加入互助社群，并分享个人故事。结合“在线资源、获取使用”的语境，此处表示“获取、使用”，应选access，情态动词can后接动词原形，故选A。 2．考查动词。句意：这些互动使围绕心理健康的对话常态化，减少偏见，并鼓励求助行为。结合“减少标签、鼓励求助”的语境，此处表示“使常态化、正常化”，应选normalize，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式，故选H。 3．考查形容词。句意：然而，这些优势被相当大的风险所抵消。结合“网络欺凌、社交攀比等普遍问题”的语境，此处表示“相当大的、大量的”，应选considerable，修饰名词risks，故选D。 4．考查形容词。句意：网上展示的理想化生活图片常常让青少年觉得自己被社交圈排斥。结合“线上生活画面、让人感到被排挤”的语境，此处表示“理想化的”，应选idealized，修饰名词lifestyle images，故选G。 5．考查名词。句意：过多的屏幕时间以及接触有害内容进一步恶化了这种状况。结合“有害内容、负面影响”的语境，此处表示“接触、暴露”，应选exposure，与screen time并列作主语，故选E。 6．考查动词。句意：为解决这些问题，亟需政策制定者、教育工作者、家长和平台设计者共同努力。结合“问题、共同努力应对”的语境，此处表示“处理、解决”，应选address，不定式to后接动词原形，故选B。 7．考查动词。句意：政策制定者应制定明确法规来保护青少年上网安全。结合“严格年龄审核、限制有害内容”的语境，此处表示“保护、捍卫”，应选safeguard，不定式to后接动词原形，故选I。 8．考查形容词。句意：教育机构在帮助青少年负责任地使用社交媒体方面发挥至关重要的作用。结合“学校教育、培养能力”的语境，此处表示“至关重要的、关键的”，应选vital，修饰名词role，故选K。 9．考查名词。句意：学校可通过将数字素养与心理健康教育融入课程，培养学生批判性评估网络内容、管理屏幕时间的能力。结合“数字能力、课程内容”的语境，此处表示“能力、素养”，应选competence，故选C。 10．考查动词。句意：最重要的是，社交媒体平台必须在设计中优先考虑用户福祉。结合“提供健康工具、使用指导”的语境，此处表示“优先处理、把…… 放在首位”，应选prioritize，情态动词must后接动词原形，故选J。 Passage 5 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．addicted   B．appreciative   C． averaging   D．benefits   E. blinding   F. briefly G. downsides   H. enforced   I. initially   J. seeking   K. urgent I Killed Color on My Phone A few months ago, I began to be worried that I was devoting too many hours to online videos. So, when I read an article about the 1 of switching one’s phone to a black-and-white color mode, I figured I’d give it a try. The result was shocking. The moment I switched, I no longer felt a(n) 2 need to look at my phone. The number of hours I spent per day on the phone dropped 40 percent, to four hours and 40 minutes per day — still embarrassingly high, but not the dizzying eight-plus hours I was 3 . There are some small 4 to my black-and-white online life. Because the answer and decline buttons on my phone are both gray, I’ll sometimes hang up on a call I want to answer. Fortunately, these days, nobody minds if you just call them back. Besides, games weren’t as fun, so I started playing them on my pad and discovered that I liked the separation between work and play that it 5 : phone for boring stuff; pad for fun. And I’ve found that whenever I return to color, even 6 , I am desperate to turn it off again as quickly as possible. With my eyes no longer used to the brightness, I now find the phone’s colors to be too vivid, too 7 . Two and a half months into this journey, my phone usage remains about four hours per day. And I’m pretty sure I’ll never go back to color on my phone. I feel like turning off color on my phone made me more aware and more 8 of the color and beauty in real life. Now that I am no longer turning to my phone for fun, I find myself 9 it out in other ways — reading more books, watching more movies, planning more gatherings with friends, hanging out with my kids. And those are things I do want to be 10 to. 【答案】 1．D 2．K 3．C 4．G 5．H 6．F 7．E 8．B 9．J 10．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为克制过度刷手机，将手机调为黑白模式，最终从中获益，并发现了现实生活的美好的故事。 1．考查名词。句意：所以，当我读到一篇关于将手机切换至黑白模式会带来诸多好处的文章时，我就决定试一试。根据下文“I figured I’d give it a try.(我就决定试一试)”可知，此处是指作者读到了这种模式的“好处”，所以才决定试一试。benefits表示“好处”符合句意。故选D项。 2．考查形容词。句意：当我切换到新的模式后，我就不再有迫切想要查看手机的需求了。根据下文“I spent per day on the phone dropped 40 percent, to four hours and 40 minutes per day(我每天花在手机上的时间减少了40%，降至每天4小时40分钟)”可知，作者减少了看手机的时间，说明对看手机已经没有“迫切的”需求了。urgent表示“迫切的”符合句意。故选K项。 3．考查现在分词。句意：我每天花在手机上的时间减少了40%，降到了每天4小时40分钟——虽然这个时间还是相当多的，但已经不再是之前我平均每天用的令人头晕的8个多小时了。根据“not the dizzying eight-plus hours(不再是令人头晕的8个多小时)”可知，此处是指之前“平均”每天8小时用手机的时间。用现在分词averaging与was搭配构成过去进行时描述故去某段时间内持续发生的动作，表示“我（当时）平均每天使用8小时”。故选C项。 4．考查名词。句意：我的这种黑白分明的网络生活也有一些小小的不足之处。根据下文“Because the answer and decline buttons on my phone are both gray, I’ll sometimes hang up on a call I want to answer.(因为我的手机上接听和拒接的按钮都是灰色的，所以我有时会误挂掉本想接听的电话。)”可知，下文列举的是一些不方便的地方，所以此处用downsides表示“缺点”或“不利之处”的词。故选G项。 5．考查动词。句意：此外，游戏也不再那么有趣了，于是我开始在平板电脑上玩这些游戏，并发现它所营造的工作与娱乐的界限分明的氛围让我很喜欢：手机用于处理繁琐事务；平板电脑则用于娱乐活动。根据下文“phone for boring stuff; pad for fun(手机用于处理繁琐事务；平板电脑则用于娱乐活动)”可知，这种模式“强制”或“规定”了手机和平板的不同用途。enforced是动词的过去式，意为“强制”符合句意。故选H项。 6．考查副词。句意：我发现，每当我恢复色彩，即使是短暂的，我都迫切希望尽快再次关闭它。根据下文“I am desperate to turn it off again as quickly as possible.(我迫切希望尽快把它关掉)”可知，此处是指哪怕“短暂地”调回彩色。副词briefly表示“短暂地”符合句意。故选F项。 7．考查形容词。句意：由于我的眼睛不再适应强光环境了，现在我觉得手机上的色彩太过鲜艳、太过刺眼了。根据上文“With my eyes no longer used to the brightness(我的眼睛不再适应强光环境)”可知，此处是指颜色太“刺眼”。blinding表示“刺眼的”符合句意。故选E项。 8．考查形容词。句意：我觉得关闭手机上的色彩功能让我更加敏锐地察觉到现实生活中的色彩之美，并且也更加欣赏这种美了。根据下文“the color and beauty in real life(现实生活中的色彩之美)”可知，此处是指更“欣赏”这种美。appreciative表示“欣赏的”符合句意。故选B项。 9．考查现在分词。句意：如今我不再通过手机来消遣娱乐了，于是便开始以其他方式来寻求娱乐——读更多的书、看更多的电影、与朋友策划更多的聚会、与孩子一起玩耍。根据下文“reading more books, watching more movies, planning more gatherings with friends, hanging out with my kids.(读更多的书、看更多的电影、与朋友策划更多的聚会、与孩子一起玩耍)”可知，此处是指以其他方式“寻求”娱乐。seeking是现在分词做宾补表示“寻求”。故选J项。 10．考查形容词。句意：而那些正是我真正渴望沉迷其中的事物。根据上文第9题的分析可知，这些都是作者“上瘾”的事情，be addicted to是固定搭配，意为“对……上瘾”。故选A项。 Passage 6 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．fine    B．licensed    C． plasticity    D．imposing   E. ordering    F. circles     G. pat    H. reinvent      I. matters    J. demanding    K. reward How Knitting May Be Rewiring Your Brain Knitting — and other so-called “grandma hobbies” — is making a comeback, especially among younger generations. According to Eventbrite data, Gen Z’s interest in “granny core” gatherings, such as knitting 516 and needlework workshops, has grown in recent months, driven in part by a search for relief from digital burnout. But the benefits go beyond nostalgia (怀旧). Recent studies suggest that slow, hands-on tasks, such as knitting, may activate brain systems in ways that support long-term cognitive health in various ways, including engaging memory, attention, and motor function, while helping to regulate stress. In other words, regardless of age or gender, engaging in hands-on, mentally 517 hobbies — whether knitting, wood carving, or model building — may be one of the simplest ways to support brain health. While meditation and puzzles also offer brain benefits, knitting uniquely combines 518 motor coordination, creative planning, and rhythmic two-sided movement — all of which engage different brain systems at once. This kind of creativity in any capacity is helpful, says Emily Sharp, a 519 therapist at NY Art Therapy. A 2024 study in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience supports the outlook, demonstrating how creative activities activate the brain’s dopaminergic reward network, particularly in areas deeply involved in pleasure, motivation, and mood. But unlike the dopamine rises caused by scrolling or sugar, knitting provides a slower, steadier   520 . Plus, since activities like knitting require planning, 521 and problem-solving, they activate executive function alongside motor and emotional systems. This full-brain engagement helps strengthen neural (神经的) connectivity, a crucial tool for maintaining the brain’s flexibility and resilience as we age. If you are already an accomplished knitter, don’t 522 yourself on the back just yet. The cognitive benefits of activities like knitting aren’t about the task itself — they’re about the process of learning something new. Novelty (新颖) 523 . When you challenge the brain with unfamiliar tasks, such as learning to knit, it lights up new pathways, offering a unique neurological boost. With time and repetition, those same actions become fluent and calming, allowing the brain to shift into a restorative flow state. This challenge-to-mastery process helps maintain neural 524 . However, you must continually 525 the challenges for your brain as you master old ones. The good news? The cognitive challenge doesn’t have to be big. 【答案】 1．F 2．J 3．A 4．B 5．K 6．E 7．G 8．I 9．C 10．H 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了在快节奏数字时代，编织、木雕等手工爱好再度流行。它们锻炼大脑机能、舒缓压力、提升专注力，还能增强神经可塑性，助力身心长久健康。 1．考查名词。句意：根据Eventbrite的数据，Z世代对“奶奶风”聚会（如编织社团和手工制作工作坊）的兴趣在近几个月有所增加，这在一定程度上是由于他们想要从数字疲劳中寻求解脱。根据““granny core” gatherings”以及句意“编织社团”可知应填复数名词circles，作宾语，故选F。 2．考查形容词。句意：换句话说，无论年龄大小或性别如何，从事需要动手操作且需要动脑的爱好活动——比如编织、木雕或者模型制作——可能是维护大脑健康最简单的方法之一。根据“Recent studies suggest that slow, hands-on tasks, such as knitting, may activate brain systems in ways that support long-term cognitive health in various ways, including engaging memory, attention, and motor function, while helping to regulate stress.(近期的研究表明，一些缓慢且需要动手操作的任务，比如编织，能够以某种方式激活大脑系统，从而在多方面促进长期的认知健康，包括增强记忆力、集中注意力和运动功能，同时还有助于调节压力)”以及句意“耗费脑力的”可知应填形容词demanding，作定语修饰名词hobbies。故选J。 3．考查形容词。句意：虽然冥想和解谜也有益于大脑发育，但编织的独特之处在于它集成了精细的“运动协调能力”、创新的规划能力以及有节奏的双面运动——所有这些都能同时激活大脑的不同系统。根据“motor coordination, creative planning, and rhythmic two-sided movement”以及句意“精细动作协调能力”可知应填形容词fine，作定语修饰名词coordination。故选A。 4．考查形容词。句意：纽约艺术疗法中心的执业治疗师艾米莉·夏普表示，无论在何种程度上，这种创造力都是有益的。根据“therapist at NY Art Therapy”以及句意“执业”可知应填形容词licensed，作定语修饰名词therapist。故选B。 5．考查名词。句意：但与浏览网页或摄入糖分所引起的多巴胺激增不同，编织带来的是一种更为缓慢、稳定的奖励体验。根据“unlike the dopamine rises caused by scrolling or sugar”以及句意“奖励”可知应填名词reward，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故选K。 6．考查名词。句意：此外，由于诸如编织这类活动需要规划、组织以及解决问题，所以它们会同时激活执行功能、运动系统和情绪系统。根据“and problem-solving”以及句意“组织”可知应填名词ordering，故选E。 7．考查动词。句意：如果你已经是位经验丰富的编织高手，那也别太得意了。根据“you are already an accomplished knitter”以及句意“得意”可知应填动词pat，此处为否定祈使句。故选G。 8．考查动词。句意：新鲜感至关重要。根据“Novelty”以及句意“重要”可知应填动词matter，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为Novelty，谓语用三单形式。故选I。 9．考查名词。句意：这种从挑战到掌握的过程有助于保持神经的可塑性。根据“This challenge-to-mastery process helps maintain neural”以及句意“可塑性”可知应填名词plasticity，作宾语。故选C。 10．考查动词。句意：然而，当你熟练掌握旧有技能后，就必须持续为大脑更新、创设全新挑战。根据“the challenges for your brain as you master old ones”以及句意“更新”可知应填动词reinvent，且must后跟动词原形。故选H。 Passage 7 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．tempting  B．developing  C． permanent  D．marketed  E. control  F. rapidly G. required  H. present  I. addicted  J. entirely  K. decrease Is vaping really safer than smoking? What exactly is vaping, and why is it so popular among teens? Vaping is inhaling vapor (吸入雾气) through e-cigarette. It is 1 as an alternative smoking tobacco. There are likely several reasons why teens find vaping interesting. Vaping devices look cool, and who doesn’t like to look cool? Liquids for electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) come in hundreds of 2 flavors such as mango, or strawberries and cream. Teens also think more about the here and now than the future. Here and now, vaping may be cool, but down the road, it’s not. People see vaping as safe because they think that they’re just inhaling water vapor and tasty flavorings. But much more than that is going into their lungs. In fact, many different chemicals go into vape pods (烟弹). The liquid inside can contain heavy metals that cause lung damage. The chemical diacetyl (双乙酰), 3 in many e-liquids, causes popcorn lung, which makes breathing difficult. Signs of it can appear as little as two weeks after inhaling the chemical. The condition has no cure. The damage is 4 . More troubling is the presence of nicotine in the vapor. Nicotine makes people feel good but is very addicting. It reaches the brain 10 seconds after being inhaled. Once 5 , people find it difficult to quit using it. The potential for nicotine addiction is higher in teens than adults because a teenager’s brain is still 6 . Nicotine use during the teen years can affect one’s brain to become easily addicted to other drugs. One vape pod can contain more nicotine than 20 cigarettes. Nicotine affects the length of time teens can pay attention, their ability to learn and their emotion 7 . People addicted to nicotine are often anxious without the drug. Over time more and more is 8 to make them feel good. But it’s never too late to quit. Ask friends and family to help. Don’t just plan to 9 the number of times you vape each day. Now is the time to drop your e-cigarette 10 . If you get anxious, breathe deeply and focus on enjoying the air. Cutting vaping out of your life will make your body happier and healthier. 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．H 4．C 5．I 6．B 7．E 8．G 9．K 10．J 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍电子烟的流行原因，驳斥其安全的误区，指出其含重金属、有害化学物质与尼古丁，会损伤肺部、成瘾并危害青少年大脑，呼吁及时戒除。 1．考查动词。句意：它被宣传为一种替代香烟的烟草产品。根据“as an alternative smoking tobacco”以及句意“宣传”可知应填动词market，与主语构成被动关系，结合上文is可知为一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。 2．考查形容词。句意：电子烟所用的液体有数百种诱人的口味，比如芒果味、草莓奶油味等等。根据“such as mango, or strawberries and cream”以及句意“诱人的”可知应填形容词tempting，修饰名词flavors。故选A。 3．考查形容词。句意：许多电子烟液中都含有化学物质二乙酰，它会导致“爆米花肺”病症，从而使人呼吸困难。根据“in many e-liquids, causes popcorn lung, which makes breathing difficult”以及句意“含有”可知应填形容词present，作定语。故选H。 4．考查形容词。句意：这种损害是永久性的。根据“The condition has no cure.”以及句意“永久性的”可知应填形容词permanent，作表语。故选C。 5．考查形容词。句意：一旦上瘾，人们就会发现很难停止使用它。根据“people find it difficult to quit using it”以及句意“上瘾”可知应填形容词addicted，作状语。故选I。 6．考查动词。句意：青少年对尼古丁上瘾的可能性比成年人更高，这是因为青少年的大脑仍在发育之中。根据“The potential for nicotine addiction is higher in teens than adults because a teenager's brain is still”以及句意“发育”可知应填动词develop，结合is可知为现在进行时。故选B。 7．考查名词。句意：尼古丁会影响青少年集中注意力的时间、学习能力以及情绪控制能力。根据“Nicotine affects the length of time teens can pay attention, their ability to learn and their emotion”以及句意“控制”可知应填名词control，作宾语，故选E。 8．考查固定短语。句意：随着时间的推移，要让他们感到满意，所需的尼古丁越来越多。根据“Over time more and more”以及句意“需要”可知应填动词require，和主语more and more（指尼古丁）为被动关系，空处用过去分词required构成一般现在时的被动语态，故选G。 9．考查动词。句意：不要仅仅打算减少每天吸电子烟的次数。根据“the number of times you vape each day”以及句意“减少”可知应填动词decrease，此处为不定式作宾语。故选K。 10．考查副词。句意：现在是彻底戒掉电子烟的时候了。根据“Now is the time to drop your e-cigarette”以及句意“彻底”可知应填副词entirely，修饰动词drop。故选J。 Passage 8 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．identifying  B．exploiting  C． interventions  D．biologically  E. statistically  F. randomized   G. linked  H. regulating    I. trial   J. average  K. clinical New Research Links Daily Multivitamins to Slower Biological Aging Epigenetic (后成的；外遗传的) clocks estimate biological aging based on tiny changes in our DNA．These clocks look at specific sites in our DNA 1 gene expression and change naturally as we get older, helping track with mortality and the pace of aging. “There is a lot of interest today in 2 ways to not just live longer, but to live better,” said Dr. Howard Sesso, a researcher at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. “It was exciting to see benefits of a multivitamin 3 accessible, safe 4 with markers of biological aging. This study opens the door to learning more about that contribute to healthier, higher-quality aging.” For their research, Dr. Sesso and his colleagues used data from the well-established Cocoa Supplement Multivitamins Outcomes Study (COSMOS). They analyzed DNA methylation data from blood samples of 98 randomly selected healthy participants with a(n) 5 chronological age of 70. The participants were 6 to take a daily cocoa extract and multivitamin; daily cocoa extract and placebo; placebo and multivitamin; or placebos only. Samples were analyzed for changes in five epigenetic clocks from the start of the 7 and at the end of the first and second years. Compared to the placebo only group, people in the multivitamin group had slowing in all five epigenetic clocks, including 8 clocks that are predictive of mortality. The changes equated to about four months less biological aging over the course of two years. Additionally, people who were 9 older than their actual age at the start of the trial benefited the most. “We plan to do follow-up research to determine if the slowing of biological aging — observed through these five epigenetic clocks, and additional or new ones — persists after the trial ends,” said Dr. Yanbin Dong, a researcher at Augusta University. “A lot of people take a multivitamin without necessarily knowing any benefits from taking it, so the more we can learn about its potential health benefits, the better,” Dr. Sesso added. “Within COSMOS, we are fortunate and excited to build upon a rich resource of biomarker data to test how two interventions may improve biological aging and reduce age-related 10 outcomes.” 【答案】 1．H 2．A 3．G 4．C 5．J 6．F 7．I 8．E 9．D 10．K 【导语】本篇围绕一项全新研究展开，介绍每日服用复合维生素与生物衰老速度减缓之间的关联，依托科学实验数据与表观遗传时钟展开论述，侧重考查语境词义辨析、词性搭配与非谓语、形容词、副词等语法运用。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些时钟聚焦DNA中的特定位点，调控基因表达，并会随着年龄增长自然发生变化，有助于追踪死亡率和衰老速度。此处表示“调节；管控”，应选regulating，现在分词作后置定语。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今人们十分热衷于找出多种方式，不只是为了延长寿命，更是为了提升生活质量。此处表示“识别；找出”，应选identifying，介词in后接动名词形式。 3．考查过去分词。句意：看到复合维生素这种容易获取、安全的干预措施与生物衰老标志物存在关联，令人振奋。此处表示“联系；相关联”，应选linked，过去分词作后置定语。 4．考查名词复数。句意：看到复合维生素这种容易获取、安全的干预措施与生物衰老标志物存在关联，令人振奋。此处表示“干预措施”，应选interventions，形容词safe修饰名词。 5．考查形容词。句意：他们分析了98名随机选取的健康参与者的血液DNA甲基化数据，这些参与者的平均生理年龄为七十岁。此处表示“平均的”，应选average，修饰名词chronological age。 6．考查被动语态。句意：参与者被随机分组，分别每日服用可可提取物与复合维生素、可可提取物与安慰剂、安慰剂与复合维生素，或仅服用安慰剂。此处表示“随机分配”，应选randomized，用于被动结构。 7．考查名词。句意：研究人员从试验初期以及第一年年末、第二年年末，分析了五项表观遗传时钟的相关数据变化。此处表示“试验”，应选trial，属于实验固定表述。 8．考查副词。句意：与仅服用安慰剂的组别相比，复合维生素组的人群五项表观遗传时钟的衰老速度均有所放缓，其中包含预测死亡率的统计类时钟。此处表示“统计上地”，应选statistically，作状语。 9．考查副词。句意：此外，在试验初期生理年龄比实际年龄偏大的人群，从该项干预中获益最多。此处表示“生物层面上地”，应选biologically，修饰形容词older。 10．考查形容词。句意：我们有望依托丰富的生物标志物数据资源，探究两种干预方式如何改善生物衰老、减少与年龄相关的临床病症。此处表示“临床的”，应选clinical，修饰名词outcomes。 Passage 9 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．charms   B．distractions  C． distant     D．perspective  E. significant   F. productive  G. worries    H. contribute   I. access      J. strengthen    K. underestimated In the age of information overload, teenagers are increasingly drawn to short-form entertainment that offers instant satisfaction, but scientific reading, an activity that demands focus and critical thinking, is often 1 despite its profound impact on adolescent development. Unlike mindless scrolling through social media, scientific reading helps teenagers develop a logical 2 and enables them to understand the world in a more rational and comprehensive way. A new collection of popular science books, designed by The Economist’s science editorial team, has gained popularity among teenagers. These books simplify complex scientific theories into engaging stories, adding unique 3 to abstract knowledge and making it easier for teenagers to grasp. For many students, such books help them escape academic 4 and discover the joy of exploring the mysteries of nature and technology. Yet, electronic devices have become major 5 to deep scientific reading. Constant pop-up notifications and short video recommendations interrupt teenagers’ reading flow, making it difficult for them to engage in deep thinking. These digital distractions 6 to the decline of teenagers’ ability to concentrate, which affects their ability to understand complex scientific content. The benefits of scientific reading are not always obvious at first; some are 7 and will manifest gradually in teenagers’ future study and career. It can enhance their learning efficiency, 8 their analytical skills and help them form a scientific outlook on life. Providing teenagers with easy 9 to high-quality popular science resources is key to motivating their passion for scientific exploration. In reality, scientific reading is by no means a waste of time. On the contrary, it is a 10 activity that enriches teenagers’ minds and enhances their comprehensive qualities, laying a solid foundation for their lifelong development. 【答案】 1．K 2．D 3．A 4．G 5．B 6．H 7．C 8．J 9．I 10．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在信息过载的时代，青少年容易沉迷于碎片化娱乐，而忽视了科学阅读的重要性。文章分析了科学阅读对青少年逻辑思维、世界观形成及未来发展的深远影响，并指出了电子设备带来的干扰，呼吁为青少年提供优质的科学阅读资源。 1．考查动词。句意：在信息过载的时代，青少年越来越被能提供即时满足感的短形式娱乐所吸引，而需要专注和批判性思维的科学阅读，尽管对青少年发展有深远影响，却常常被低估。根据句意和空后“despite its profound impact(尽管其影响深远)”可知，此处表示科学阅读的重要性未被充分认识。主语“scientific reading”与动词“underestimate”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式构成一般现在时的被动语态。K项“underestimated(被低估)”符合句意。故选K。 2．考查名词。句意：与毫无意义地刷社交媒体不同，科学阅读帮助青少年培养逻辑视角，使他们能够以更理性、更全面的方式理解世界。根据“develop a logical(培养逻辑的……)”可知，此处需要填入一个名词，表示一种观察或思考世界的方式。D项“perspective(视角)”符合句意，构成“logical perspective(逻辑视角)”。故选D。 3．考查名词。句意：这些书籍将复杂的科学理论简化为引人入胜的故事，为抽象知识增添独特魅力，让青少年更容易理解。根据“adding unique(增添独特的……)”可知，此处需要填入一个名词，表示这些科普书籍给知识带来的积极特质。A项“charms(魅力)”符合句意，表示增加了吸引力。故选A。 4．考查名词。句意：对许多学生来说，这类书籍帮助他们摆脱学业烦恼，发现探索自然和技术奥秘的乐趣。根据“escape academic(摆脱学业的……)”可知，此处需要填入一个名词，表示学生想要逃避的负面事物。G项“worries(烦恼、担忧)”符合句意，指代学业压力带来的焦虑。故选G。 5．考查名词。句意：然而，电子设备已成为深度科学阅读的主要干扰物。根据“major”可知，此处需要填入一个名词，且根据后文“Constant pop-up notifications and short video recommendations interrupt teenagers’ reading flow(持续不断的弹出式通知和简短视频推荐会打断青少年的阅读进程。)”可知，电子设备打断了阅读，属于干扰项。B项“distractions(干扰、分心的事物)”符合句意。故选B。 6．考查动词。句意：这些数字干扰导致青少年注意力集中能力下降，进而影响他们理解复杂科学内容的能力。根据空前“These digital distractions(这些数字干扰)”和空后“the decline of teenagers’ ability to concentrate(青少年注意力集中能力下降)”可知，此处考查固定搭配“contribute to(导致、有助于)”，表示干扰因素是导致专注力下降的原因之一。H项“contribute”符合句意。故选H。 7．考查形容词。句意：科学阅读的益处起初并不总是显而易见的，有些是长远的，会在青少年未来的学习和职业生涯中逐渐显现。C项“distant”表示“遥远的、长远的”，与前文的“not always obvious(并不总是显而易见的)”和后文“manifest gradually(逐渐显现)”相呼应，符合语境。故选C。 8．考查动词。句意：它可以提高他们的学习效率，增强他们的分析能力，并帮助他们形成科学的人生观。根据“can enhance”和“and help”可知，此处需要填入一个动词原形，与前面的“enhance”和后面的“help”并列。J项“strengthen(加强、增强)”符合句意，常用于搭配“skills(技能)”。故选J。 9．考查名词。句意：为青少年提供便捷获取优质科普资源的机会，是激发他们科学探索热情的关键。access to为固定搭配，意为“使用/获取……的机会”。故选I。 10．考查形容词。句意：相反，它是一项富有成效的活动，能丰富青少年的头脑，提升他们的综合素养，为他们的终身发展打下坚实基础。根据“a”和“activity(活动)”可知，此处需要填入一个形容词来修饰名词“activity”。F项“productive(富有成效的、多产的)”与前文“scientific reading is by no means a waste of time(科学阅读绝不是浪费时间)”相呼应。故选F。 Passage 10 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．anchoring    B．chorus    C． cooperative    D．documenting    E. enhance    F. essentially G. host    H. randomly    I. recognizable    J. shoots    K. vocabulary Distant Diplomacy When danger approaches, many creatures seem to follow the ancient proverb that “the enemy of my enemy is my friend.” Researchers have recently been finding subtle ways that animals communicate with other species in this kind of 1 defense treaty. For example, Nature Ecology & Evolution carries a recent study 2 more than 20 bird species on four continents that emit virtually identical “whining (哀鸣)” calls when they spot brood parasites (寄生繁殖) such as cuckoos. “That call is 3 the word for ‘cuckoo,’” says study co-lead author James Kennerley at Cornell University. “And it’s recruiting individuals to come together against this common enemy.” Brood parasites lay eggs in other birds’ nests, manipulating the 4 parents into raising their chicks for them. At a field site in Australia, Kennerley has witnessed individuals from a dozen or more species attack a cuckoo in response to whining calls in 5 . These mobs can be so aggressive that Kennerley needs to cage the specimen used in their experiments to protect it. Otherwise the attacking birds would have “just completely torn it to pieces,” Kennerley says. Many birds also share a common 6 for predators. Research by wildlife ecologist Erick Greene shows that various songbirds produce 7 “seet” calls to warn of a raptor (猛禽) in flight. The calls are too high-pitched for raptors to hear well, so the predators remain unaware as information about their arrival 8 through the forest. If the raptor settles, songbirds switch to “mobbing” calls, a distinct sound that, as Greene puts it, “draws in the troops to drive that raptor off.” Defense is not the only reason for cross-species communication. Among other things, it may help birds migrate and 9 food intake. A recent study found that when seabirds with good vision search for food with seabirds with strong senses of smell, they both have far greater success at catching krill. Unlike with the seet and whining calls, however, it’s unclear whether they’re deliberately signaling to one another or “just 10 following other birds,” says study lead author Jesse Granger, a biophysicist at Duke University. But clearly, “very complex multispecies communication networks are pervasive,” Greene says. “It really benefits animals to pay attention to one another.” 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．F 4．G 5．B 6．K 7．I 8．J 9．E 10．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了动物之间存在跨物种交流，在防御、迁徙和觅食等方面发挥着重要作用。 1．考查形容词。句意：研究人员最近发现了动物以这种合作的防御方式与其他物种交流的微妙方式。空后为名词短语defense treaty，应用形容词修饰。根据“many creatures seem to follow the ancient proverb that “the enemy of my enemy is my friend.””可知，许多生物似乎都遵循着一句古老的谚语：“敌人的敌人就是朋友。”，这表明动物之间存在一种合作的防御关系。C选项cooperative“合作的”符合语境，作定语，修饰defense treaty。故选C。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，《自然生态与进化》杂志最近发表了一项研究，记录了四大洲20多种鸟类在发现杜鹃等巢寄生鸟类时发出的几乎相同的“哀鸣”声。根据“more than 20 bird species on four continents that emit virtually identical “whining (哀鸣)” calls”可知，研究对此现象进行了记录，D选项documenting“记录”，符合语境，document与study为主动关系，用现在分词，作后置定语，修饰study。故选D。 3．考查副词。句意：康奈尔大学的研究共同负责人詹姆斯·肯纳利说：“这种叫声本质上就是‘杜鹃’的信号”。根据“the word for ‘cuckoo,’”可知，这里强调的是哀鸣声与“杜鹃”这个词之间的本质联系。F选项essentially“本质上”符合语境，修饰整个句子，作状语，说明哀鸣声本质上就是“杜鹃”的代名词。故选F。 4．考查形容词。句意：巢寄生鸟类在其他鸟类的巢中产卵，操纵寄主父母为它们抚养雏鸟。根据“parents into raising their chicks for them”可知，这里指的是被巢寄生鸟类利用的鸟，即寄主父母。G选项host“寄主的，主人的”，形容词，修饰parents，作定语，符合语境。故选G。 5．考查名词。句意：在澳大利亚的一个野外地点，肯纳利看到，十几种或更多种类的鸟会齐声对哀鸣声做出反应，攻击一只杜鹃。根据“individuals from a dozen or more species attack a cuckoo in response to whining calls in”可知，这里描述的是多种鸟同时发出声音攻击杜鹃的场景。B选项chorus“齐声，合唱”，符合题意，in chorus为固定短语，意为“齐声，一起”。故选B。 6．考查名词。句意：许多鸟类也有一个共同的关于捕食者的词汇。根据后文“various songbirds produce ______ “seet” calls to warn of a raptor (猛禽) in flight”提到各种鸣禽发出不同的声音来警告捕食者，可以推断这里说的是鸟类有关于捕食者的共同“词汇”或声音信号。K选项vocabulary“词汇”符合语境，在此处引申为鸟类用来交流关于捕食者信息的声音集合。故选K。 7．考查形容词。句意：野生动物生态学家埃里克·格林的研究表明，各种鸣禽会发出可识别的“嘶嘶”声来警告空中飞行的猛禽。根据““seet” calls to warn of a raptor (猛禽) in flight”可知，这里强调的是“嘶嘶”声能够被其他鸟类识别出来，从而起到警告作用。I选项recognizable“可识别的”符合语境，修饰“seet” calls，作定语。故选I。 8．考查动词。句意：这些叫声音调太高，猛禽很难听清，因此当关于它们来袭的信息在森林中迅速传开时，这些捕食者仍浑然不觉。根据“through the forest”可知，这里描述的是信息在森林中的传播过程。J选项shoots“迅速传播”符合语境，作as引导的时间状语从句的谓语，说明信息在森林中迅速传播而猛禽未察觉。故选J。 9．考查动词。句意：除此之外，它可能有助于鸟类迁徙和增强食物摄入量。根据“food intake. A recent study found that when seabirds with good vision search for food with seabirds with strong senses of smell, they both have far greater success at catching krill”可知，这里强调的是跨物种交流对鸟类食物摄入量的积极影响。E选项enhance“增强，提高”符合语境，说明交流有助于鸟类增强食物摄入量。故选E。 10．考查副词。句意：然而，与“嘶嘶”声和哀鸣声不同，目前尚不清楚它们是否在故意向对方发出信号，还是只是随机跟随其他鸟类。根据“following other birds”可知，这里描述的是鸟类行为的不确定性，即它们是否是有目的地交流还是随机跟随。H选项randomly“随机地”符合语境，修饰following other birds，作状语。故选H。 Passage 11 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A．anchor    B．comparing    C． calorie    D．charge   E. operator   F. calculate G. insufficient    H. live     I. plug     J. specializing    K. tailor-made Carbon labelling isn’t new, but it is gaining a lot more traction of late - especially when it comes to travel. Carbon labels should be an easy way of 1 products or services to see which are most sustainable at a glance, by providing a comprehensive, numbered footprint. Increasing numbers of businesses across a variety of sectors are getting onboard with the idea. For example, in the last month alone, exercise tracking app Strava announced a new tool to 2 carbon savings from going for runs, walks, cycles and e-bike rides. But perhaps one of the industries in which the concept could be most complicated is travel. It is one of the most carbon-intensive recreational activities any of us will ever take, and one for which the majority of us have 3 ideas of the impact. If you break it all down,which is really worse: an all-inclusive cruise round the Bahamas? Or a trip to an eco-lodge in Costa Rica that involves a 24-hour round-trip on a plane? As an ordinary individual, it feels like an impossible task to figure out if one holiday is “better”than another. Many a pioneering 4 started doing the hard work of measuring the impact of trips, down to the smallest element, and posting the results on their packages several years ago. Much Better Adventures led the 5 , trailing the idea at the beginning of 2021- the first international travel company to do so. “Do I think it will be everywhere? I do,” Sam Bruce, the business’s co-founder, told me at the time. “It should go beyond travel and they should be on all products that we buy; carbon labels should be the new 6 . In Much Better Adventures’ case, the label includes carbon emissions from all local transport, accommodation, activities, guides, staff and office operations. Pura Aventura, 7 in holidays to Latin America, Spain and Portugal, wasn’t far behind, though with a different slant.” The complexity we have is that all our trips are 8 -so we can’t say we’ve got 50 trips and let’s measure the carbon of each one,“said co-founder and CEO Thomas Power.” Every trip is different. You need a 9 tool — so we built it into our database.“ The company doesn’t just measure the trip itself, but includes the travel to get there, door-to-door: ”We want to know where you live, where the airport is, which flight you’re taking,“says Thomas.”We can 10 into the database your postcode, Gatwick airport, your short-haul flight-and then the carbon factor calculates the journey and the amount of carbon produced. 【答案】 1．B 2．F 3．G 4．E 5．D 6．C 7．J 8．K 9．H 10．I 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了碳标签在旅游行业的应用情况。 1．考查动词。句意：碳标签应该是一种通过提供一个全面的、带有数字的碳足迹，让人们一眼就能比较产品或服务，从而看出哪些产品或服务最具可持续性的简单方法。空格前的of是介词，后面接动词时要用动名词形式。根据to see which are most sustainable，这里需要一个表示“比较”的词，comparing符合要求，comparing products or services表示“比较产品或服务”。故选B项。 2．考查动词。句意：例如，仅在上个月，运动追踪应用程序Strava就宣布推出一款新工具，用于计算跑步、散步、骑自行车和骑电动自行车所节省的碳排放量。to后面接动词原形，这里需要一个能和carbon savings搭配的动词，calculate意为“计算”，calculate carbon savings表示“计算碳减排量”，符合语境。故选F项。 3．考查形容词。句意：这是我们所有人参与过的碳密集度最高的休闲活动之一，而且我们大多数人对其影响的了解都不足。ideas是名词，前面需要用形容词修饰。根据后文提到很难判断一次度假是否比另一次“更好”，可知人们对旅行的碳影响了解不够，insufficient表示“不足的”，符合文意。故选G项。 4．考查名词。句意：多年前，许多开拓性的旅游运营商就开始努力测量旅行的影响，直至最小的细节，并将结果标注在他们的旅游套餐上。根据doing the hard work of measuring the impact of trips，这里说的是在旅游行业中做测量旅行影响工作的主体，operator有“经营者，运营商”的意思，travel operator表示“旅游运营商”，符合语境。故选E项。 5．考查名词。句意：Much Better Adventures起了带头作用，在2021年初试行这一理念——它是第一家这样做的国际旅游公司。lead the charge是固定表达，意为“打头阵，带头冲锋”，这里表示该公司在碳标签应用于旅游方面率先做出尝试。故选D项。 6．考查名词。句意：碳标签应该超越旅游领域，出现在我们购买的所有产品上；碳标签应该成为新的“卡路里”标识。calorie意为“卡路里”，现在很多食品等会标注卡路里含量，这里把碳标签和卡路里标识作类比，说明碳标签应该像卡路里标识一样普遍。故选C项。 7．考查动词。句意：Pura Aventura专门提供前往拉丁美洲、西班牙和葡萄牙的度假旅游服务，虽然角度不同，但也紧随其后。specialize in是固定短语，意为“专门从事，擅长”，这里specializing in作后置定语，修饰Pura Aventura，表示该公司的业务范围。故选J项。 8．考查形容词。句意：我们面临的复杂情况是，我们所有的旅行都是量身定制的——所以我们不能说我们有50次旅行，然后去测量每次旅行的碳排放量。根据空格前的are可知，空格处应该用形容词作表语，tailor-made表示“量身定制的”，根据后文Every trip is different可知，该公司的旅行套餐是根据不同客户需求定制的，符合语境。故选K项。 9．考查形容词。句意：你需要一个实时工具——所以我们把它集成到了我们的数据库中。tool是名词，前面用形容词修饰。live在这里表示“实时的”，结合语境，公司需要一个能实时处理数据的工具来计算不同旅行的碳排放量，live tool符合要求。故选H项。 10．考查动词。句意：我们可以将你的邮政编码、盖特威克机场、你的短途航班信息输入数据库——然后碳因子会计算行程和产生的碳排放量。plug...into是固定搭配，意为“把……插入……”，这里表示把相关信息输入数据库，plug符合语境。故选I项。 Passage 12 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．swings B．birth C． deceive D．seeds E. engagement F. rarely G. elevate H. naturally I. necessarily J. note K. eclipse The Dark Side of Creativity Few psychological traits are as desirable as creativity — the ability to come up with ideas that are both novel and useful. Yet it is also true that creativity has been associated with a wide range of unattractive, 1 discussed qualities. Being aware of these tendencies is important for anyone trying to better understand their own creativity, or that of other people. First, research has established a link between creativity and negative moods. You do not have to be depressed to be creative. However, it is true that there is some concrete evidence for the stereotype that artists tend to be depressive or suffer from mood 2 . As German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche once noted: “One must have chaos in oneself to be able to give 3 to a dancing star.” In general, people who are very emotionally stable may be too happy to feel the need to create. After all, if the status quo is fine, why change it? More recently, creativity has been associated with dishonesty, probably because it enables individuals to creatively distort reality. This is not to say that creative people are 4 unethical. Rather, their lower tolerance for boredom and tradition, and their more vivid imaginations, equip them with more sophisticated mental tools to 5 both themselves and others. Research has also found that creative individuals are often more narcissistic (自恋的), and that narcissism can actually boost creative achievements. This makes sense. Narcissistic people are focused on themselves, and 6 spend more time developing their own ideas and less time worrying about pleasing other people. However, it is important to 7 that narcissists tend to think that they are more creative than they actually are. Of course, the bright side of creativity tends to 8 its dark side. At the individual level, creativity has been linked to a wide range of positive emotions, such as flow 9 , and subjective well-being. When people are assigned to meaningful jobs and are given autonomy over their work, they will develop their creativity and enjoy all of its benefits. At the team level, coordinated group behavior can turn creativity into actual innovation, the practical side of creativity. And at the societal level, creativity provides the 10 of change and progress. Without creativity, we would still be living in the dark ages. 【答案】 1．F 2．A 3．B 4．I 5．C 6．H 7．J 8．K 9．E 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕创造力展开讨论，阐述了创造力的积极面，同时重点分析了其鲜少被讨论的消极面及相关研究发现。 1．考查副词。句意：然而，创造力也确实与一系列不吸引人、鲜少被讨论的特质有关。空处修饰动词discussed，应用副词，结合语境，创造力的消极特质是人们不常提及的，副词rarely“很少；鲜少”符合题意。故选F。 2．考查名词。句意：然而，有具体证据支持这种刻板印象——艺术家往往抑郁或遭受情绪波动的困扰，这是事实。空处作suffer from的宾语，应用名词，结合前文“negative moods”和“depressive”，可知此处指情绪的起伏变化，名词swings“波动；摇摆”符合题意。故选A。 3．考查名词。句意：正如德国哲学家弗里德里希·尼采曾经指出的：“一个人内心必须有混沌，才能孕育出舞动的星辰。” 空处作give的宾语，结合空后“to a dancing star”可知，这里为固定搭配give birth to“孕育；产生”，名词birth“诞生；孕育”符合题意。故选B。 4．考查副词。句意：这并不是说有创造力的人一定不道德。空处修饰形容词unethical，应用副词，结合后文“Rather”的转折可知，有创造力的人并不是一定不道德的人，副词necessarily“必然地；一定”符合题意。故选I。 5．考查动词。句意：相反，他们对无聊和传统的较低容忍度，以及更丰富的想象力，为他们提供了更复杂的心理工具来欺骗自己和他人。空处前有不定式符号to，应用动词原形，结合前文“creatively distort reality”，可知此处指欺骗自己和他人，动词deceive“欺骗；蒙骗”符合题意。故选C。 6．考查副词。句意：自恋的人专注于自己，自然会花更多时间发展自己的想法，而花更少时间担心取悦他人。空处修饰动词spend，应用副词，结合“Narcissistic people are focused on themselves”可知，自恋者的特质决定了他们自然会更关注自身，副词naturally“自然地”符合题意。故选H。 7．考查动词。句意：然而，重要的是要注意，自恋者往往认为自己比实际更有创造力。空处前有不定式符号to，应用动词原形，结合“narcissists tend to think that they are more creative than they actually are”可知，这是人们需要注意的一点，动词note“注意；留意”符合题意。故选J。 8．考查动词。句意：当然，创造力的光明面往往会盖过它的黑暗面。空处前有不定式符号to，应用动词原形。结合后文“At the individual level, creativity has been linked to a wide range of positive emotions, such as flow ____ , and subjective well-being. When people are assigned to meaningful jobs and are given autonomy over their work, they will develop their creativity and enjoy all of its benefits. At the team level, coordinated group behavior can turn creativity into actual innovation, the practical side of creativity.”对创造力积极面的阐述，可知其光明面超过黑暗面，动词eclipse“盖过；使黯然失色”符合题意。故选K。 9．考查名词。句意：在个人层面，创造力与一系列积极情绪有关，比如心流投入和主观幸福感。空处与subjective well-being并列，应用名词，结合“flow”可知，心流状态是一种全身心投入的积极体验，名词engagement“投入；参与”符合题意。故选E。 10．考查名词。句意：在社会层面，创造力播下了变革和进步的种子。空处作provides的宾语，应用名词，结合常识可知，创造力是变革和进步的基础，名词seeds“种子”符合题意。故选D。 Passage 13 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．cultivating  B．delayers  C． temptation  D．effectively  E. motivational  F. energized G. scheduling  H. favorable  I. identify  J. vision  K. monitored It is tempting, when your shiny New Year’s resolutions start to collapse, to tell yourself that self-control simply isn’t your strong point. “Oh well,” you might say, surrendering to the desire for a large glass of beer. “No willpower, that’s my problem.” But, according to a body of scientific research, willpower is not a talent that a lucky few are born with. It is a skill to be practised. “Willpower is a dynamic fluctuation resource.” explains Frank Ryan, consultant clinical psychologist and author of Willpower for dummies. “Our level of willpower fluctuates according to our motivation in any given situation. Everybody can learn to use their willpower more 1 .” Even if you are not trying to turn over a new leaf for the new year, 2 willpower is a good idea, as the psychologist Walter Mischel demonstrated in the 1960s and 70s. In his famous study, a group of four-year-olds were offered the choice of one sweet treat now, or two if they could wait 15 minutes. Their performance was then 3 into adulthood. The “high 4 ” went on to achieve greater academic success, better health and lower divorce rates. “To maximize our chances of sticking to resolutions,” Ryan says, “we should 5 our willpower profile. For example: some people are more impulsive than others. That does come down to personality.” Introverts tend to get 6 by thoughts and ideas. So, if that’s you, you should find it easier to get motivated by an inner 7 than extroverts who get fired up by people and social approval. For introverts, 8 time to reflect on your progress, such as keeping a diary can be helpful. For extroverts, signing up for a group such as Parkrun or Weight Watchers where everyone has common goal can help you to strengthen your resolve, as can sharing even small progress with others. “You need to learn the core skills to cope with triggers and cues that activate your reward-seeking response,” Ryan adds. “It’s about coping with 9 which often comes from the environment, the people, places or things that act as 10 magnets to challenge your willpower.” In other words, if you are trying to avoid cake, it is probably best to find a route home that serves the artisanal doughnuts. 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．K 4．B 5．I 6．F 7．J 8．G 9．C 10．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕意志力展开讨论，阐述了意志力并非天生的天赋，而是一种可培养的技能，同时结合科学研究和心理学家的建议，给出了最大化意志力、坚持新年决心的具体方法。 1．考查副词。句意：每个人都能学会更有效地运用自己的意志力。空处修饰动词use，需用副词，结合前文“It is a skill to be practised.”可知此处指“有效运用”，副词effectively“有效地”符合题意。故选D。 2．考查动名词。句意：即使你不想在新的一年里开启新篇章，培养意志力也是一个好主意，正如心理学家沃尔特·米歇尔在20世纪60年代和70年代所证明的那样。空处作主语，结合前文“It is a skill to be practised.”可知此处指“培养意志力”，动名词cultivating“培养”符合题意。故选A。 3．考查动词被动语态。句意：他们的表现随后被追踪监测至成年。空处作谓语，主语Their performance与动词构成被动关系，结合语境，此处指研究中孩子们的表现被持续监测，动词monitor“监测；追踪”符合题意，此处为被动语态，用过去分词形式。故选K。 4．考查名词。句意：那些“高延迟满足者”后来取得了更高的学术成就、更好的健康状况和更低的离婚率。结合前文实验“In his famous study, a group of four-year-olds were offered the choice of one sweet treat now, or two if they could wait 15 minutes.”可知此处指“能延迟满足的人”，名词delayers“延迟者；延迟满足者”符合题意。故选B。 5．考查动词。句意：瑞安说，为了最大限度地提高我们坚持决心的机会，我们应该认清自己的意志力特征。空处前有情态动词should，需用动词原形，结合后文“For example: some people are more impulsive than others.”可知此处指“认清、识别自己的意志力特征”，动词identify“识别；认清”符合题意。故选I。 6．考查动词。句意：内向的人往往会被想法和观点激励。空处作表语，需用形容词，结合后文“you should find it easier to get motivated by an inner”可知此处指“被激励、充满活力”，动词energize“激励”符合题意，get energized by“被……激励”。故选F。 7．考查名词。句意：所以，如果你是内向的人，你会发现，与那些被他人和社会认可激励的外向者相比，你更容易被内在愿景激励。空处前有形容词inner修饰，需用名词，结合语境，此处指“内在的愿景、目标”，名词vision“愿景；构想”符合题意。故选J。 8．考查动名词。句意：对于内向的人来说，安排时间反思自己的进步，比如写日记，会很有帮助。空处作主语，结合“time to reflect on your progress”可知此处指“安排时间”，动名词scheduling“安排；计划”符合题意。故选G。 9．考查名词。句意：这是关于应对诱惑——这种诱惑通常来自环境、人、地方或事物，它们就像有吸引力的磁体，挑战你的意志力。空处作coping with的宾语，结合后文“In other words, if you are trying to avoid cake, it is probably best to find a route home that serves the artisanal doughnuts.”可知此处指“诱惑”，名词temptation“诱惑”符合题意。故选C。 10．考查形容词。句意：这是关于应对诱惑——这种诱惑通常来自环境、人、地方或事物，它们就像有利的/有吸引力的磁体，挑战你的意志力。空处修饰名词magnets，需用形容词，结合语境，此处指“能吸引、挑战意志力的磁体”，形容词favorable“有利的；有吸引力的”符合题意。故选H。 Passage 14 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A．abandonment  B．initiated   C． categorizing  D．revealed  E. investigating  F. boost G. share   H. overlooking     I.bargain       J. heavily    K. admittedly Shoppers hoping to bag a 1 in the post-Christmas sales are much less likely to go through with their purchases if they are using phones and tablets to buy goods online. This is because consumers often worry they are not seeing the full picture on a mobile app or that they could be missing out on special offers or 2 hidden costs, according to new research. Concerns about privacy and security can also motivate people to put items into their shopping baskets but then quit without paying. Although mobile apps are 3 becoming among the most popular ways to shop online, the phenomenon of shopping cart 4 is much higher than for desktop-based online shopping. According to Market Research firm Criteo, the 5 of e-commerce purchases from mobile devices increased to 46% of global e-commerce trade in the second quarter of 2016, however, only 27% of purchases 6 on this channel were finalized, significantly lagging behind desktop initiated purchases. Researchers at the University of East Anglia(UEA) 7 why this is so say it represents a huge challenge for online retailers, who are investing 8 in mobile shopping, but not receiving the rewards in successful sales. “Our study results 9 a paradox (悖论),” said Dr Nikolaos Korfiatis of Norwich Business School at UEA．“Mobile shopping is supposed to make the process easier, and yet concerns about making the right choice, or about whether the site is secure enough leads to an emotional ambivalence (矛盾情绪) about the transaction and that means customers are much more likely to simply abandon their shopping carts without completing a purchase.” Strategies that might 10 a shopper to complete a purchase include adding special offers, or coupons for a nearby store at the checkout stage. “Retailers need to invest in technology, but they need to do it in the right way, so the investment pays off,” added Dr Korfiatis. 【答案】 1．I 2．H 3．K 4．A 5．G 6．B 7．E 8．J 9．D 10．F 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕圣诞节后促销期间，消费者使用手机、平板网购时购物车放弃率高的现象展开，分析其原因并给出零售商的改进建议。 1．考查名词。句意：希望在圣诞节后促销中买到便宜货的购物者，如果使用手机和平板电脑在线购物，完成购买的可能性会低得多。空处作bag的宾语，结合句意和post-Christmas sales可知，此处指“买到便宜货”，名词bargain“便宜货、特价商品”符合题意，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故选I。 2．考查动词。句意：根据一项新的研究，这是因为消费者经常担心他们在移动应用上没有看到全部情况，或者担心他们可能错过特别优惠或忽视隐藏成本。空处与missing out on并列，结合句意“担心错过优惠或忽略隐藏成本”可知，现在分词overlooking“忽视、忽略”符合题意。故选H。 3．考查副词。句意：诚然，虽然移动应用正成为最受欢迎的网上购物方式之一，但购物车放弃率比桌面端网上购物高得多。空处修饰整个句子，作状语，结合句意，此处表示“诚然、无可否认”，用于引出转折前的事实，副词admittedly“诚然、无可否认地”符合题意。故选K。 4．考查名词。句意：诚然，虽然移动应用正成为最受欢迎的网上购物方式之一，但购物车放弃率比桌面端网上购物高得多。空处作宾语，结合下文quit without paying和abandon their shopping carts可知，此处指“购物车放弃率”，名词abandonment“放弃、抛弃”符合题意。故选A。 5．考查名词。句意：根据市场研究公司Criteo的数据，2016年第二季度，移动设备电子商务购物的占比上升至全球电子商务交易的46%，然而，在该渠道上发起的购买中，只有27%最终完成，明显落后于桌面端发起的购买。空处作主语，结合46% of global e-commerce trade可知，此处指移动设备购物在全球电商中的占比，名词share“份额、占比”符合题意。故选G。 6．考查动词。句意：根据市场研究公司Criteo的数据，2016年第二季度，移动设备电子商务购物的占比上升至全球电子商务交易的46%，然而，在该渠道上发起的购买中，只有27%最终完成，明显落后于桌面端发起的购买。空处作后置定语，修饰purchases，结合句意“在该渠道上发起的购买”，动词initiated“发起、启动”（过去分词作定语，表被动）符合题意。故选B。 7．考查动词。句意：东安格利亚大学（UEA）的研究人员正在调查为什么会出现这种情况，他们表示，这对在线零售商来说是一个巨大的挑战——他们在移动购物上投入巨大，却没有在成功销售中获得回报。空处作非谓语，结合why this is so可知，此处指研究人员在“调查”原因，researchers和investigate是主动关系，应用现在分词，动词investigating“调查、研究”符合题意。故选E。 8．考查副词。句意：东安格利亚大学（UEA）的研究人员正在调查为什么会出现这种情况，他们表示，这对在线零售商来说是一个巨大的挑战——他们在移动购物上投入巨大，却没有在成功销售中获得回报。空处修饰动词investing（投入），作状语，结合句意“投入巨大”，副词heavily“大量地、沉重地”符合题意。故选J。 9．考查动词。句意：UEA诺维奇商学院的尼古拉奥斯·科尔菲亚蒂斯博士说：“我们的研究结果揭示了一个悖论。”空处作谓语，结合句意“研究结果揭示了悖论”，动词reveal“揭示、显示”符合题意，此处描述研究过去得出的结论，用一般过去时。故选D。 10．考查动词。句意：可能促使购物者完成购买的策略包括在结账阶段添加特别优惠或附近商店的优惠券。空处作谓语，结合句意“促使购物者完成购买”，动词boost“促进、推动”符合题意，might为情态动词，后接动词原形。故选F。 Passage 15 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．signal     B．ranging     C． features     D．subjective     E. shifts      F. underwent G. dramatically    H. remarkable   I. relatively    J. practiced       K. conditions Color Psychology: Does It Affect How You Feel? Do you feel energized when you see red? Does the color blue make you feel calm? Artists and designers have long believed that color can 1 affect moods, feelings, and emotions. “Colors, like 2 , follow the changes of the emotions,” the artist Pablo Picasso once said. Color is a powerful communication tool and can be used to 3 action, influence mood, and even affect physiological (生理的) reactions. Certain colors have been associated with physiological changes, including increased blood pressure and eye tiredness. Color psychology is the study of how different colors affect human mood and behavior. The scientific exploration of color psychology is 4 new, but people have long been interested in the nature and impact of color. In ancient cultures, colors were often used to treat different 5 , or even for a certain spiritual practice. Why is color such a powerful force in our lives? What effects can it have on our bodies and minds? While perceptions of color are somewhat 6 , some color effects have universal meanings. For example, colors in the red area of the color spectrum (光谱), are known as warm colors. These warm colors bring about emotions 7 from feelings of warmth and comfort to feelings of anger. “It is 8 how colors can profoundly shape our mood and modulate our behavior,” observes Dr. Rachel Goldman. “Consider the way in which wearing garments of varying colors can alter your emotional state.” Perhaps the next time you are feeling energetic, think about this and see if your mood 9 by wearing a different color."   Several ancient cultures, including the Egyptians and Chinese, 10 chromotherapy, or the use of colors to cure. Chromotherapy is sometimes referred to as light therapy. A 2020 study suggested that chromotherapy may be an effective way to help reduce feelings of post-traumatic (创伤后) stress in intensive care unit nurses. 【答案】 1．G 2．C 3．A 4．I 5．K 6．D 7．B 8．H 9．E 10．J 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍色彩心理学，阐述颜色对人情绪、生理及行为的显著影响，提及古今对色彩运用与色彩疗法研究，说明其虽主观却具普遍作用与研究价值。 1．考查副词。句意：长期以来，艺术家和设计师们一直坚信，色彩能够极大地影响人的情绪、感受和情感。根据“affect moods, feelings, and emotions”以及句意“极大地”可知应填副词dramatically，修饰动词affect。故选G。 2．考查名词。句意：艺术家巴勃罗·毕加索曾说：“色彩，如同人的面貌神情，会随情绪的变化而流转。”根据“follow the changes of the emotions”以及句意“面貌神情”可知应填复数名词features，作宾语，表泛指。故选C。 3．考查动词。句意：颜色是一种极具影响力的沟通工具，它能够传达指令、影响情绪，甚至还能引发生理反应。根据“action, influence mood, and even affect physiological reactions”以及句意“示意”可知应填动词signal，此处为短语be used to do sth.。故选A。 4．考查副词。句意：色彩心理学的科学研究相对较新，但人们长期以来一直对色彩的本质及其影响保持着浓厚的兴趣。根据“but people have long been interested in the nature and impact of color”以及句意“相对”可知应填副词relatively，修饰形容词new。故选I。 5．考查名词。句意：在古代文化中，颜色常被用于治疗各种病症，甚至用于某种精神修行活动。根据“In ancient cultures, colors were often used to treat different”以及句意“病症”可知应填名词condition，根据上文different可知为复数。故选K。 6．考查形容词。句意：虽然人们对颜色的感知具有一定的主观性，但某些颜色效果却具有普遍的含义。根据“While perceptions of color are somewhat”以及句意“主观性”可知应填形容词subjective，作表语。故选D。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些暖色调所引发的情绪涵盖了从温暖舒适的感受到愤怒情绪等多个层面。根据“from feelings of warmth and comfort to feelings of anger”以及句意“范围涵盖”可知应填现在分词ranging，作定语。故选B。 8．考查形容词。句意：“色彩竟能如此深刻地影响我们的情绪并改变我们的行为，这实在令人惊叹。”瑞秋·戈德曼博士如是说道。根据“how colors can profoundly shape our mood and modulate our behavior”以及句意“令人惊叹的”可知应填形容词remarkable，作表语。故选H。 9．考查动词。句意：或许下次当你精力充沛时，可以思考一下这个问题，并看看穿上不同颜色的衣服是否能改变你的心情。根据“by wearing a different color”以及句意“改变”可知应填动词shift，作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为mood，谓语用三单形式。故选E。 10．考查动词。句意：包括埃及人和中国人在内的多个古代文化都曾采用过色彩疗法，即利用色彩来进行治疗。根据“chromotherapy”以及句意“采用”可知应填动词practice，作谓语，发生在过去用一般过去时。故选J。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $