2026届最新高考英语模拟三轮冲刺之完形填空15篇（上海专用）

2026届最新高考模拟三轮冲刺（上海专用） 完形填空专练15篇 (1) In ancient history, the soldiers of Sparta were known for their strong commitment to the group. It is believed that they fought fearlessly because they put the 1 above any individual soldier. This idea of 2 oneself for the community can also be observed in the tiny world of bacteria. Scientists have recently discovered how a bacterial 3 system, named SPARDA, uses a similar strategy to protect bacterial groups from virus attacks. A new study, led by biochemist Mindaugas Zaremba at Vilnius University, published in Cell Research, explained how this system works on a 4 level. By studying SPARDA in different bacteria, the team identified an important part of the system they called the beta-relay. The beta-relay works like a 5 in the SPARDA system. When there is no danger, it stays “off,” and the proteins in it remain 6 . Once foreign DNA, such as a virus, is 7 , the beta-relay changes its shape and turns “on.” This transformation allows its proteins to connect with each other, forming long chains to 8 the enemy as well as the host. “SPARDA systems were demonstrated to protect bacteria from viruses by degrading the DNA of both 9 cells and viruses. They killed the host but at the same time prevented further spread of the infection within the bacterial population.” Zaremba said. SPARDA is essential for bacterial defense, but Zaremba’s team argues that the system could also help 10 in medical diagnosis. SPARDA is the final line for bacterial cells, which is activated only when an infection is present. Therefore, SPARDA includes an accurate 11 mechanism for spotting foreign DNA that would launch self-destruction. Researchers could 12 the system for medical diagnostics, Zaremba suggested, which means the beta-relay could be altered to function only when the target gene is identified. 13 , imagine it would react only to the genetic material of HIV. But the benefits of SPARDA don’t stop there. Traditional diagnostic tools have an obvious 14 : they can only work when viruses contain a specific genetic code called PAM. “We already know that SPARDA systems do not require PAM,” Zaremba said. “This makes SPARDA more 15 , and it could help scientists detect a wider variety of germs and viruses. Understanding how this system works may help us solve some of the big challenges in science.” 1．A．king B．battle C．state D．honour 2．A．enjoying B．protecting C．celebrating D．sacrificing 3．A．control B．defense C．network D．information 4．A．micro B．global C．practical D．historical 5．A．bridge B．barrier C．switch D．vehicle 6．A．inactive B．unsure C．available D．energetic 7．A．revised B．detected C．released D．eliminated 8．A．destroy B．restore C．examine D．identify 9．A．infected B．healthy C．foreign D．unknown 10．A．humans B．planets C．organisms D．ecosystems 11．A．regulation B．measurement C．recognition D．transportation 12．A．reduce B．return C．reproduce D．repurpose 13．A．In fact B．As a result C．In addition D．For example 14．A．danger B．feature C．advantage D．limitation 15．A．rigid B．risky C．flexible D．innovative 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．A 11．C 12．D 13．D 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家发现细菌防御系统SPARDA如斯巴达战士般牺牲自我保护群体，该系统无需特定基因序列，在医学诊断上比传统工具更灵活实用。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们认为他们英勇作战是因为他们把国家置于任何个人士兵之上。A. king国王；B. battle战役；C. state国家；D. honour荣誉。根据上文“In ancient history, the soldiers of Sparta were known for their strong commitment to the group.(在古代历史中，斯巴达的士兵以其对团队的坚定忠诚而闻名)”可知，斯巴达战士重视城邦国家利益。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种为群体牺牲自我的精神也能在细菌的微小世界中被观察到。A. enjoying享受；B. protecting保护；C. celebrating庆祝；D. sacrificing牺牲。后文“Scientists have recently discovered how a bacterial ____ system, named SPARDA, uses a similar strategy to protect bacterial groups from virus attacks.”细菌自我毁灭保护群体，对应牺牲精神。故选D。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家最近发现一种名为SPARDA的细菌防御系统如何使用类似策略保护细菌群体免受病毒攻击。A. control控制；B. defense防御；C. network网络；D. information信息。根据后文“system, named SPARDA, uses a similar strategy to protect bacterial groups from virus attacks”可知，系统用于抵御病毒，属于防御系统。故选B。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由维尔纽斯大学的生物化学家米尼亚古斯·扎雷姆巴领导的一项新研究发表在《细胞研究》杂志上，该研究详细阐述了这一系统在微观层面的运作机制。A. micro微观的；B. global全球的；C. practical实际的；D. historical历史的。根据上文“Scientists have recently discovered how a bacterial ____ system”可知，研究细菌系统属于微观层面。故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：β中继在SPARDA系统中就像一个开关。A. bridge桥梁；B. barrier屏障；C. switch开关；D. vehicle交通工具。根据后文“When there is no danger, it stays “off,” and the proteins in it”可知，后文有off和on状态，对应开关功能。故选C。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有危险时它保持关闭，其中的蛋白质保持不活跃。A. inactive不活跃的；B. unsure不确定的；C. available可获得的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据上文“When there is no danger, it stays “off,” and the proteins in it remain”可知，开关关闭则蛋白质不活跃。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦检测到病毒等外来DNA，β中继就会改变形状并开启。A. revised修订；B. detected检测；C. released释放；D. eliminated消除。根据后文“the beta-relay changes its shape and turns “on.””可知，系统先识别再启动防御。故选B。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种转变使其蛋白质相互连接形成长链，摧毁敌人及宿主细胞。A. destroy摧毁；B. restore恢复；C. examine检查；D. identify识别。根据后文“the enemy”以及“by degrading the DNA”提到降解DNA、杀死宿主，对应摧毁。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：SPARDA系统已被证实能够通过分解受感染细胞和病毒的DNA来保护细菌免受病毒的侵害。A. infected被感染的；B. healthy健康的；C. foreign外来的；D. unknown未知的。根据后文“They killed the host but at the same time prevented further spread of the infection within the bacterial population.” Zaremba said.(扎雷姆巴说：“他们消灭了宿主，但同时又阻止了感染在细菌群体内部的进一步传播。”)”可知，被感染细胞会被一同清除防止扩散。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：SPARDA对于细菌的防御至关重要，但Zaremba团队认为该系统也可帮助人类进行医学诊断。A. humans人类；B. planets行星；C. organisms生物体；D. ecosystems生态系统。根据后文“in medical diagnosis”可知，医学诊断服务于人类。故选A。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，SPARDA包含精准识别外来DNA的机制并启动自毁。A. regulation管理；B. measurement测量；C. recognition识别；D. transportation运输。根据后文“for spotting foreign DNA that would launch self-destruction”可知，系统能识别外来基因物质。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Zaremba表示，研究人员可以将该系统重新用于医学诊断领域，这意味着可以对这种“β中继”进行改造，使其仅在检测到目标基因时才发挥作用。A. reduce减少；B. return返回；C. reproduce繁殖；D. repurpose改变用途。根据后文“the system for medical diagnostics”可知，将细菌防御系统改为用途为诊断工具。故选D。 13．考查短语词义辨析。句意：例如，想象它只对HIV的遗传物质起反应。A. In fact事实上；B. As a result因此；C. In addition此外；D. For example例如。后文“imagine it would react only to the genetic material of HIV”是具体举例说明应用。故选D。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：传统诊断工具有明显局限：只能识别含特定PAM序列的病毒。A. danger危险；B. feature特征；C. advantage优势；D. limitation局限。根据后文“they can only work when viruses contain a specific genetic code called PAM”可知，后文内容为传统工具的不足。故选D。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使SPARDA更灵活，并且能够帮助科学家检测到更多种类的细菌和病毒。A. rigid僵硬的；B. risky有风险的；C. flexible灵活的；D. innovative创新的。根据上文“We already know that SPARDA systems do not require PAM”可知，无需PAM使其适用范围更广，更灵活。故选C。 (2) As the holiday season draws near, one category on people’s gift lists is causing increasing concern: products with artificial intelligence. The development has raised new concerns about the dangers smart toys could pose to 1 , as consumer advocacy groups say AI could harm kids’ safety and development. The trend has 2 calls for increased testing of such products and governmental oversight. Last month, those fears were given disturbing 3 when an AI-equipped teddy bear started discussing topics inappropriate for children. The product, FoloToy’s Kumma, ran on an AI model and suggested role play as ways to enhance a relationship, according to the Public Interest Research Group (PIRG), the consumer protection organization behind the study. “It took very little effort to get it to go into all kinds of 4 topics; and probably a lot of content that parents would not want their children to 5 ,” said Teresa Murray, PIRG director. Murray said AI toys could be particularly dangerous because whereas earlier smart toys provided children-programmed responses, a bot can “have a free-flowing conversation with a child and there are no 6 ”. Companies also use the AI toys to collect 7 from children and have not been open about what they are doing with that information. That potentially puts users 8 because of a lack of security around such data. 9 such concerns, the Public Interest Research Group is not calling for a ban on AI toys. Some could have 10 value, such as helping children learn a second language or state capitals. There needs to be more independent research conducted to ensure the products are safe for children and, until that is done, they should be 11 shelves, Murray said. AI toys are being marketed to families as safe and even beneficial to learning before their impact has been 12 by independent research. By contrast, 13 teddy bears and toys have been proven to benefit children’s development with none of the risks of AI toys. Mattel, a toy company, stated that they are concerned about “the impact of AI toys on 14 mental health” and that “its first products with AI are not intended for users under 13”, adding: “AI enhances — not 15 — traditional play, and we are emphasizing safety, privacy, creativity and responsible innovation.” 1．A．companies B．schools C．seniors D．children 2．A．generated B．answered C．avoided D．delayed 3．A．imagination B．justification C．hesitation D．assumption 4．A．academic B．attractive C．sensitive D．technical 5．A．be opposed to B．be exposed to C．be related to D．be applied to 6．A．advantages B．connections C．boundaries D．resources 7．A．data B．feedback C．prizes D．opinions 8．A．at ease B．at length C．at risk D．at fault 9．A．Beyond B．Besides C．Despite D．Unlike 10．A．commercial B．educational C．geometric D．geographic 11．A．taken on B．sent off C．pulled from D．wiped off 12．A．assessed B．witnessed C．replaced D．overlooked 13．A．antique B．expensive C．electronic D．offline 14．A．masses’ B．minors’ C．majors’ D．majorities’ 15．A．replaces B．reserves C．resolves D．reverses 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍AI玩具存在安全隐患，引发各界担忧并呼吁加强监管。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一发展引发了人们对智能玩具可能对儿童构成危险的新担忧，因为消费者权益保护组织表示，人工智能可能会危害儿童的安全和发展。A. companies公司；B. schools学校；C. seniors老年人；D. children儿童。根据下文“as consumer advocacy groups say AI could harm kids’ safety and development”可知，消费者权益保护组织表示，人工智能可能会危害儿童的安全和发展，因此这里表示智能玩具可能对儿童造成危害。故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一趋势引发了人们对增加此类产品测试和政府监管的呼吁。A. generated产生，引发；B. answered回答；C. avoided避免；D. delayed推迟。根据上文“The development has raised new concerns”可知，这一发展引发了新的担忧，担忧引发了加强监管的呼吁。故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：上个月，当一只配备人工智能的泰迪熊开始讨论不适合儿童的话题时，这些担忧得到了令人不安的证实。A. imagination想象；B. justification正当理由，证实；C. hesitation犹豫；D. assumption假设。根据下文“when an AI-equipped teddy bear started discussing topics inappropriate for children”可知，玩具出现不当内容，担忧被具体事例所证实。故选B。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：美国公共利益研究集团主任Teresa Murray说:“让它进入各种敏感话题非常容易；可能还有很多父母不希望孩子接触到的内容。”A. academic学术的；B. attractive吸引人的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. technical技术的。根据下文“probably a lot of content that parents would not want their children to”可知，父母不愿孩子接触的内容，应指敏感话题。故选C。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：美国公共利益研究集团主任Teresa Murray说:“让它进入各种敏感话题非常容易；可能还有很多父母不希望孩子接触到的内容。”A. be opposed to反对；B. be exposed to接触，暴露于；C. be related to与……有关；D. be applied to应用于。根据上文“an AI-equipped teddy bear started discussing topics inappropriate for children”及“It took very little effort to get it to go into all kinds of topics”可知，家长不愿孩子接触不适内容。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Murray说，人工智能玩具可能特别危险，因为早期的智能玩具为孩子们提供编程好的反应，而机器人可以“和孩子自由流畅地交谈，而且没有界限”。A. advantages优势；B. connections连接；C. boundaries界限；D. resources资源。根据上文“whereas earlier smart toys provided children-programmed responses, a bot can “have a free-flowing conversation with a child”可知，与“programmed responses”相比，人工智能玩具对话无预设限制。故选C。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：公司还使用人工智能玩具从儿童那里收集数据，并且没有公开他们如何处理这些信息。A. data数据；B. feedback反馈；C. prizes奖品；D. opinions意见。根据下文“what they are doing with that information”及“because of a lack of security around such data”可知，此处指人工智能玩具收集数据。故选A。 8．考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于缺乏此类数据的安全性，这可能会让用户面临风险。A. at ease舒适；B. at length详细地；C. at risk处于危险中；D. at fault有过错。根据下文“because of a lack of security around such data”可知，数据缺乏安全保护，用户面临风险。故选C。 9．考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管存在这些担忧，公共利益研究集团并没有呼吁禁止人工智能玩具。A. Beyond超出；B. Besides除了；C. Despite尽管；D. Unlike不像。根据上文“That potentially puts users because of a lack of security around such data.”及下文“the Public Interest Research Group is not calling for a ban on AI toys”可知，前后为让步关系，尽管有担忧，但未要求禁令。故选C。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些可能具有教育价值，比如帮助孩子学习第二语言或州首府。A. commercial商业的；B. educational教育的；C. geometric几何的；D. geographic地理的。根据下文“such as helping children learn a second language or state capitals”可知，学习语言和首府属于教育价值。故选B。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Murray说，需要进行更多独立研究，以确保这些产品对儿童安全，在完成这些研究之前，应该将它们从货架上撤下。A. taken on呈现；B. sent off寄出；C. pulled from从……撤出；D. wiped off擦去。根据上文“There needs to be more independent research conducted to ensure the products are safe for children”可知，在安全确认前，产品应从货架上撤下。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人工智能玩具在其影响尚未经过独立研究评估之前，就以安全、甚至有益于学习的名义向家庭推销。A. assessed评估；B. witnessed见证；C. replaced代替；D. overlooked忽视。根据上文“There needs to be more independent research conducted to ensure the products are safe for children”可知，需要进行更多独立研究，以确保这些产品对儿童安全，这里表示产品影响需被评估。故选A。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，非人工智能的泰迪熊和玩具已经被证明有益于儿童的发展，而且没有人工智能玩具的风险。A. antique古老的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. electronic电子的；D. offline离线的，非智能的。根据上文“AI toys are being marketed to families as safe and even beneficial to learning before their impact has been assessed by independent research”可知，与人工智能玩具相对，指传统非联网玩具。故选D。 14．考查名词所有格辨析。句意：玩具公司Mattel表示，他们担心“人工智能玩具对未成年人心理健康的影响”，并表示“其首批人工智能产品并非面向13岁以下用户”。A. masses’大众的；B. minors’未成年人的；C. majors’主修的；D. majorities’大多数的。根据下文“its first products with AI are not intended for users under 13”及全文围绕儿童玩具展开可知，其首批人工智能产品并非面向13岁以下用户，这里表示他们担心人工智能玩具对未成年人的影响。故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人工智能增强而非取代传统游戏，我们强调安全、隐私、创造力和负责任的创新。A. replaces代替，取代；B. reserves保留；C. resolves解决；D. reverses反转。根据下文“traditional play, and we are emphasizing safety, privacy, creativity and responsible innovation”可知，我们强调安全、隐私、创造力和负责任的创新，人工智能是增强而非替代传统玩耍方式。故选A。 (3) When AI Teammates Come on Board, Performance Drops Researchers studied the impact of artificial intelligence on team functioning. They asked 110 two-person groups to play 12 rounds of a video game in which participants had to collect ingredients for a recipe. After the first six rounds, one member of some teams was 1 by an intelligent agent. Over the next six rounds, those groups gathered, on average, three fewer ingredients than groups that remained in their original 2 . The conclusion: When AI teammates come on board, performance drops. 3 studies have already explored the impact of artificial intelligence on individual and firm productivity, but the researchers aimed to understand how AI affects organizational teams internally. 4 , most work is done in teams. They were curious about the consequences of adding intelligent agents to teams, not just for the people interacting directly with those agents. The researchers also sought to examine what impact it had on the behavior and attitudes of colleagues who 5 those interactions. In the rounds of individual play, the AI players proved far superior to human players. In fact, only 3% of human players 6 the AI players. The team results were a different story. In the initial round after the AI players joined, teams with an AI member gathered 8% fewer ingredients, on average, than teams that kept their 7 members. The performance 8 narrowed by half over the next four rounds and disappeared in the final round. But even if short-lived, a 4% drop in performance is significant, 9 for a large organization with multiple AI projects underway. Despite the AI’s superior individual performance and the fact that 10 were given to the entire team if it performed well, 84% of respondents preferred to play with their human teammates. Surveys of participants showed that AI reduces team sociability and thus 11 members’ motivation, effort, and trust. Interestingly, all-human teams playing alongside an AI-and-human team also saw drops in performance in the first round after the teammate change. These 12 contributed equally to the overall productivity loss. This is called the spillover effect, similar to what happens in an organization when an employee departs and 13 cooperative practices are upset. 14 and processes are disturbed, which harms performance. The same was true in the experiment. Those teams, despite not undergoing a direct change, encountered indirect challenges in 15 to the new AI-influenced dynamics within the interconnected environment. 1．A．defeated B．dominated C．replaced D．imitated 2．A．position B．composition C．technique D．resource 3．A．Subsequent B．Prior C．Primitive D．Comprehensive 4．A．In turn B．By contrast C．After all D．For instance 5．A．observed B．recorded C．facilitated D．demanded 6．A．underdid B．overestimated C．underrated D．outperformed 7．A．original B．senior C．cooperative D．core 8．A．level B．gap C．style D．standard 9．A．specially B．specifically C．especially D．inevitably 10．A．titles B．warnings C．assistances D．rewards 11．A．boosts B．shapes C．lessens D．reflects 12．A．paces B．declines C．traces D．rises 13．A．forced B．matched C．varied D．established 14．A．Routines B．Transitions C．Occupations D．Elements 15．A．applying B．objecting C．sticking D．adapting 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能队友加入团队后导致团队表现下降及相关原因。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在最初的六轮比赛后，一些团队中的一名成员被智能代理所取代。A. defeated打败；B. dominated支配；C. replaced取代；D. imitated模仿。根据后文“Over the next six rounds, those groups gathered, on average, three fewer ingredients than groups that remained in their original ____. When AI teammates come on board, performance drops.”可知，后文提到保留原有人员的团队的对比，可知此处是部分人类成员被AI代理替换了。故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的六轮比赛中，这些团队平均比保持原有组成的团队少收集了三种原料。A. position位置；B. composition组成；C. technique技术；D. resource资源。根据前文“one member of some teams was ____ by an intelligent agent.”可知，此处指团队人员的构成，没有被替换成员的团队保持了原本的人员组成。故选B。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：先前的研究已经探讨了人工智能对个人和企业生产力的影响，但研究人员旨在了解人工智能如何影响组织团队内部。A. Subsequent随后的；B. Prior先前的；C. Primitive原始的；D. Comprehensive全面的。根据后文“but the researchers aimed to understand how AI affects organizational teams internally”可知，此处指在本次研究之前已有的相关研究，对应后文本次研究的新方向。故选B。 4．考查介词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，大多数工作都是团队完成的。A. In turn轮流；B. By contrast相比之下；C. After all毕竟；D. For instance例如。根据后文“most work is done in teams”可知，此处是解释为什么要研究团队层面的影响，用after all承接前文，补充说明原因。故选C。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员还试图研究这对观察这些互动的同事的行为和态度有什么影响。A. observed观察；B. recorded记录；C. facilitated促进；D. demanded要求。根据前文“They were curious about the consequences of adding intelligent agents to teams, not just for the people interacting directly with those agents. The researchers also sought to examine what impact it had on the behavior and attitudes of colleagues”可知，这些同事只是观察到 AI 与人的互动，并未直接参与，对应后文“Interestingly, all-human teams playing alongside an AI-and-human team also saw drops in performance in the first round after the teammate change.”提到的间接受到影响的旁观团队。故选A。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，只有3%的人类玩家表现优于人工智能玩家。A. underdid做得不够；B. overestimated高估；C. underrated低估；D. outperformed表现优于。根据前文“In the rounds of individual play, the AI players proved far superior to human players.”可知，前文提到AI玩家的个人表现远优于人类，因此只有极少数人能胜过AI。故选D。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在人工智能玩家加入后的第一轮比赛中，有人工智能成员的团队平均比保持原有成员的团队少收集了8%的原料。A. original原来的；B. senior高级的；C. cooperative合作的；D. core核心的。根据前文“groups that remained in their original ____”和“In the initial round after the AI players joined, teams with an AI member gathered 8% fewer ingredients”可知，指没有更换成员、保留了原本人类队友的团队。故选A。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的四轮比赛中，表现差距缩小了一半，在最后一轮比赛中消失了。A. level水平；B. gap差距；C. style风格；D. standard标准。根据前文“teams with an AI member gathered 8% fewer ingredients, on average, than teams that kept their ____ members”和后文“narrowed by half over the next four rounds and disappeared in the final round”可知，此处指两类团队之间的表现差异，差距缩小符合语境。故选B。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但即使时间短暂，4%的表现下降也是显著的，特别是对于正在进行多个人工智能项目的大型组织来说。A. specially特别地（表示专为某一目的）；B. specifically具体地；C. especially尤其（表示在同类事物中突出强调某一种）；D. inevitably不可避免地。根据后文“for a large organization with multiple AI projects underway”可知，此处指在同类事物中突出强调大型组织，强调对于大型组织来说，这种下滑的影响会更突出。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管人工智能的个人表现更优越，而且如果团队表现良好，整个团队都会得到奖励，但84%的受访者更喜欢与人类队友一起比赛。A. titles标题；B. warnings警告；C. assistances协助；D. rewards奖励。根据后文“if it performed well”可知，团队表现好会给予奖励，这是常见的激励机制。故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对参与者的调查显示，人工智能降低了团队的社交能力，从而减少了成员的动力、努力和信任。A. boosts促进；B. shapes塑造；C. lessens减少；D. reflects反映。根据前文“AI reduces team sociability”可知，社交性降低会带来负面的影响，导致动力等指标下降。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些下降对整体生产力损失的贡献是相等的。A. paces步伐；B. declines下降，下滑；C. traces痕迹；D. rises上升。根据前文“all-human teams playing alongside an AI-and-human team also saw drops in performance”可知，前文提到旁观的全人类团队也出现了表现下滑，这些下滑共同导致了整体的损失。故选B。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这被称为溢出效应，类似于当一个员工离开时，既定的合作实践被打乱，组织中发生的情况。A. forced被迫的；B. matched匹配的；C. varied多样的；D. established已建立的，既定的。根据后文“cooperative practices are upset”可知，此处指团队里长期形成的、已经确立的合作惯例，被人员变动打乱。故选D。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：日常工作和流程受到干扰，这损害了表现。A. Routines日常工作，常规；B. Transitions过渡；C. Occupations职业；D. Elements元素。根据前文“cooperative practices are upset”和后文“processes are disturbed”可知，此处指团队长期形成的工作常规，和流程并列。故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些团队尽管没有经历直接的变化，但在适应互联环境中新的受人工智能影响的变化时遇到了间接挑战。A. applying申请；B. objecting反对；C. sticking坚持；D. adapting适应。根据后文“to the new AI-influenced dynamics within the interconnected environment”可知，此处指这些团队需要适应新的环境变化，adapt to是固定搭配，表示“适应”。故选D。 (4) How Archaeology Changed from Digging to Protecting The word “archaeology” comes from the Greek word arkhaios, which means “ancient.” Although some archaeologists study living 1 , most focus on the distant past. For thousands of years, people have searched for and dug up ancient monuments, often not as scholars but as grave robbers whose only goal was to steal valuables quickly, caring little about the structures around them. Their actions 2 caused damage to historical sites. In ancient Egypt, grave robbing was so common that many tombs had hidden rooms where families placed treasures. This problem 3 for centuries. In the 1800s, the tomb of Pharaoh (法老) Ramses I, who ruled briefly in the 1290s BCE, was discovered and stolen. It contained pottery, paintings, sculptures, and the pharaoh’s mummy, which eventually ended up in a museum before being returned to Egypt in 2003. 4 , grave robbers never discovered the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, also known as King Tut. His resting place lay 5 for thousands of years until it was discovered in 1922. The tomb contained the mummies of Tutankhamun and his family, along with thousands of artifacts (文物), providing 6 insights into ancient Egyptian life. It remains one of the most well-known archaeological 7 in history. Early archaeology was also closely linked to 8 and colonial (殖民的) power. When Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt in 1798, he brought artists and scholars to document the conquest, while his troops 9 hundreds of tons of artifacts, many of which now fill the Louvre. Similarly, wealthy adventurers from Western colonial powers 10 digs in Greece and elsewhere. Although they were often genuinely interested in the past, their work was 11 to colonialism, as seen in the case of the Elgin Marbles, which Greece has long requested returned as part of its cultural heritage. Such activities highlight both the historical fascination with ancient civilizations and the ethical (伦理的) challenges that 12 early archaeology. Over time, archaeology became more 13 . Scientists began using standard measurements and formalized methods for recording and removing artifacts. Detailed drawings of dig sites and individual items became standard, and archaeologists collaborated with historians and linguists to create a unified 14 of the past. In the 20th century, archaeologists also 15 their ethical responsibilities. Today, most countries recognize that archaeological remains belong to the nation where they are found, reflecting a growing respect for cultural heritage and the protection of history. 1．A．sculptures B．cultures C．populations D．creatures 2．A．barely B．randomly C．inevitably D．slightly 3．A．persisted B．burst C．emerged D．arose 4．A．Similarly B．What’s more C．As a result D．By contrast 5．A．undervalued B．unsupervised C．misinterpreted D．undisturbed 6．A．innocent B．invaluable C．greedy D．artificial 7．A．features B．reserves C．finds D．regrets 8．A．voluntary B．literal C．military D．religious 9．A．celebrated B．donated C．removed D．launched 10．A．drew on B．carried out C．depended on D．objected to 11．A．delivered B．opposed C．unexposed D．tied 12．A．accompanied B．diversified C．branded D．embraced 13．A．theoretical B．mysterious C．transitional D．systematic 14．A．instinct B．rhythm C．prediction D．picture 15．A．denied B．simplified C．reassessed D．misrepresented 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．D 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了考古学从古时盗墓掠夺、依附殖民的破坏行为，逐步转变为系统化研究。现代考古重视伦理规范，注重文物保护与文化遗产尊重。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管部分考古学家研究现存文化，但大多数聚焦遥远的过去。A. sculptures雕塑；B. cultures文化；C. populations人口；D. creatures生物。根据后文“historical sites”以及结合前文考古学起源与古老事物相关，后文对比远古研究，现存文化符合考古研究范畴。故选B。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们的行为不可避免地对历史遗址造成破坏。A. barely几乎不；B. randomly随意地；C. inevitably不可避免地；D. slightly轻微地。根据上文“For thousands of years, people have searched for and dug up ancient monuments, often not as scholars but as grave robbers whose only goal was to steal valuables quickly, caring little about the structures around them.(数千年间，人们一直在寻找并挖掘古代遗迹，而挖掘者中往往并非是学者，而是盗墓者。这些盗墓者的唯一目的就是迅速窃取贵重物品，对周围建筑则毫不在意)”可知，盗墓者只贪图珍宝、无视建筑遗迹的行为，破坏必然会产生。故选C。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一问题持续了数百年。A. persisted持续；B. burst爆发；C. emerged出现；D. arose产生。根据后文“for centuries”以及结合后文列举跨时代的盗墓事例，说明该问题长久存在。故选A。 4．考查短语辨析。句意：相比之下，盗墓者从未发现图坦卡蒙法老的陵墓。A. Similarly相似地；B. What’s more此外；C. As a result因此；D. By contrast相比之下。根据上文“In the 1800s, the tomb of Pharaoh (法老) Ramses I, who ruled briefly in the 1290s BCE, was discovered and stolen. It contained pottery, paintings, sculptures, and the pharaoh’s mummy, which eventually ended up in a museum before being returned to Egypt in 2003.(十九世纪，公元前十三世纪九十年代短期执政的拉美西斯一世法老陵墓遭发现并被盗。墓中存有陶器、画作、雕塑及法老木乃伊，此物先流入博物馆，后于2003年归还埃及)”可知，一座陵墓遭偷盗，此陵墓完好留存，形成正反对比。故选D。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的安息之地数千年来未受打扰，直至1922年被发现。A. undervalued被低估的；B. unsupervised无人监管的；C. misinterpreted被误解的；D. undisturbed未被打扰的。根据后文“until it was discovered in 1922”以及结合盗墓者未曾找到该陵墓，可知陵墓长期保持完整。故选D。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这座陵墓中存放着图坦卡蒙及其家人的木乃伊，还有数千件文物，为研究古埃及的社会生活提供了极具价值的参考。A. innocent无辜的；B. invaluable极宝贵的；C. greedy贪婪的；D. artificial人造的。根据后文“insights into ancient Egyptian life”可知，结合古墓文物的历史研究价值，说明很宝贵。故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它仍是历史上最著名的考古发现之一。A. features特征；B. reserves保护区；C. finds发现物；D. regrets遗憾。根据上文“It remains one of the most well-known archaeological”以及结合这座陵墓及出土文物可知，这是重大考古收获。故选C。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：早期考古学还与军事和殖民势力紧密关联。A. voluntary自愿的；B. literal字面的；C. military军事的；D. religious宗教的。结合后文“When Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt in 1798”提到拿破仑率军入侵埃及并掠夺文物，可知早期考古学以军事行动为背景。故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1798年拿破仑·波拿巴入侵埃及时，他派遣艺术家与学者记录这场征战，其军队同时掠走数百吨文物，其中许多如今陈列于卢浮宫。A. celebrated庆祝；B. donated捐赠；C. removed移走、掠夺；D. launched发起。根据后文“hundreds of tons of artifacts, many of which now fill the Louvre”可知，拿破仑·波拿巴的军队强行带走他国文物。故选C。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同样，来自西方殖民国家的富有探险家们也在希腊及其他地区进行了挖掘活动。A. drew on利用；B. carried out实施、开展；C. depended on依靠；D. objected to反对。根据前文“Similarly”和后文“digs in Greece and elsewhere”以及结合后文其开展考古挖掘活动可知，此处表示富有探险家们也实施挖掘活动进行掠夺。故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们对古文明抱有真切的兴趣，但其研究活动仍与殖民主义紧密挂钩，埃尔金大理石雕便是典型，希腊长期要求归还这批属于本国的文化遗产。A. delivered已交付的；B. opposed反对的；C. unexposed未曝光的；D. tied关联的。根据后文“to colonialism, as seen in the case of the Elgin Marbles, which Greece has long requested returned as part of its cultural heritage.”可知，殖民扩张背景下的文物掠夺，考古行为依附殖民体系。故选D。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这类活动凸显古代文明吸引力，也体现伴随早期考古的伦理难题。A. accompanied伴随；B. diversified多样化；C. branded打上烙印；D. embraced接纳。根据前文“Such activities highlight both the historical fascination with ancient civilizations and the ethical challenges that”以及结合早期考古的掠夺本质，伦理问题一直与之共存。故选A。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：久而久之，考古学变得更加系统化。A. theoretical理论的；B. mysterious神秘的；C. transitional过渡的；D. systematic系统的。结合后文“Scientists began using standard measurements and formalized methods for recording and removing artifacts.”提到了标准化测量、规范记录等专业方式可知，考古学体现体系化发展。故选D。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对挖掘地点和各类文物的详细描绘成为了常规做法，考古学家们还与历史学家和语言学家合作，共同构建出一幅关于过去的完整画卷。A. instinct本能；B. rhythm节奏；C. prediction预测；D. picture全貌、图景。根据上文“Detailed drawings of dig sites and individual items became standard, and archaeologists collaborated with historians and linguists to create a unified”可知，这里指通过多方研究整合信息，还原完整历史面貌。故选D。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：二十世纪，考古学家重新审视自身的伦理责任。A. denied否认；B. simplified简化；C. reassessed重新评估；D. misrepresented歪曲。根据后文“their ethical responsibilities”以及“Today, most countries recognize that archaeological remains belong to the nation where they are found, reflecting a growing respect for cultural heritage and the protection of history.(如今，大多数国家都认同，考古遗迹应归其发现地所属国家所有，这体现了人们对文化遗产日益增长的尊重以及对历史的保护意识不断增强)”可知，有了现代文物保护、文化尊重理念，考古界重新定义责任。故选C。 (5) Dressing for Success Oliver knew that clothes make the man. As the CEO of a successful tech startup, he made it a 1 to dress the part, always looking professional. Today, he was dressed to kill in a blue suit, white shirt and silk tie. He was ready to introduce his company’s latest innovation to some 2 investors. Oliver’s assistant, Emma, was in the office early, 3 everything was set for the presentation. She also had a genius for fashion and always looked perfect, even when she was doing 4 tasks. Today, she was dressed to the nines in a fashionable black dress and high heels. When the investors arrived, Oliver noticed that Mr. Thompson was dressed somewhat out of fashion. He was wearing an out-of-date suit that had seen better days. But Oliver 5 himself to not judge a book by its cover. Mr. Thompson had a reputation for being an intelligent and wise investor 6 his old hat appearance. The meeting began, and Oliver 7 into his sales speech. He wore his heart on his sleeve as he spoke about the potential impact of his company’s new product. During the meeting, Oliver noticed that another investor, Ms. Delgado, seemed 8 with his presentation. She was known for her fashion-forward sense and often made a fashion statement with her 9 choices. Today was no different; she was wearing a striking red suit that turned heads. At the end of the presentation, the investors were visibly 10 . Mr. Thompson shook Oliver’s hand, “You’ve knocked our socks off. I see a bright future, and we want to be part of it.”   Ms. Delgado added, “I agree. You’ve 11 thought this through, and you even dress the part. It’s 12 to see someone who understands the power of a strong image.” Oliver thanked everyone and promised to keep them 13 . As the investors left, Emma turned to Oliver. “That was amazing. I think it’s safe to say we’re going 14 .” Oliver smiled. “Thanks, Emma. I couldn’t have done it without your support.” Oliver realized that while looking the part was important, having a team that supported you was 15 . They had shown that success came from a mixture of style, substance and enthusiasm. 1．A．proposal B．point C．schedule D．regulation 2．A．efficient B．long-term C．potential D．beneficial 3．A．making sure B．making a promise C．preparing for D．substituting for 4．A．special B．professional C．significant D．everyday 5．A．reminded B．obliged C．convinced D．doubted 6．A．in response to B．in addition to C．in spite of D．in case of 7．A．looked B．translated C．transferred D．launched 8．A．confused B．surprised C．exhausted D．taken 9．A．brave B．intelligent C．cautious D．critical 10．A．praised B．impressed C．enclosed D．trapped 11．A．willingly B．subjectively C．clearly D．objectively 12．A．inspiring B．disappointing C．astonishing D．demanding 13．A．fascinated B．relaxed C．amused D．updated 14．A．homes B．boards C．places D．forwards 15．A．protective B．invaluable C．cooperative D．ambitious 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Oliver向投资者介绍公司创新产品，最终获得认可的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一家成功的科技初创公司的首席执行官，他总是注重穿着得体，看上去很专业。A. proposal建议；B. point重点；C. schedule时间表；D. regulation规则。根据后文“to dress the part, always looking professional”可知，他总是注重穿搭。make it a point to do sth.为固定短语，意为“重视做某事”。故选B。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今天，他穿着蓝色西装、白色衬衫和打着丝绸领带，打扮得非常迷人，准备向一些潜在投资者介绍公司的最新创新。A. efficient高效的；B. long-term长期的；C. potential潜在的；D. beneficial有益的。根据前文“He was ready to introduce his company’s latest innovation”可知，此时还未确定投资合作，这些是还在考察阶段的潜在投资者。故选C。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Oliver的助理Emma早早来到办公室，确保一切准备就绪。A. making sure确保；B. making a promise许下诺言；C. preparing for准备；D. substituting for代替。根据前文“Oliver’s assistant, Emma, was in the office early”可知，助理要确认所有筹备工作都到位，且空后接宾语从句说明确认的内容。故选A。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她也有时尚天赋，即使在做日常工作时，她看起来也很完美。A. special特别的；B. professional专业的；C. significant重要的；D. everyday日常的。根据前文“She also had a genius for fashion and always looked perfect, even when”和后文“Today, she was dressed to the nines in a fashionable black dress and high heels.”可知，此处体现她哪怕处理普通的日常工作，也会保持精致的穿搭。故选D。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但Oliver提醒自己不要以貌取人。A. reminded提醒；B. obliged强迫；C. convinced使信服；D. doubted怀疑。根据后文“not judge a book by its cover”可知，他看到投资者穿得老旧，提醒自己不要以貌取人。故选A。 6．考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管他外表老套，但汤普森先生以聪明和睿智的投资者而闻名。A. in response to回应；B. in addition to除了；C. in spite of尽管；D. in case of万一。根据前文“Mr. Thompson had a reputation for being an intelligent and wise investor”和后文“his old hat appearance”可知，前后是让步关系：虽然对方穿搭老旧，但是能力很强。故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：会议开始了，Oliver开始了他的销售演讲。A. looked看；B. translated翻译；C. transferred转移；D. launched开始。根据前文“The meeting began”可知，会议开始了，Oliver开始了他的销售演讲，launch into为固定短语，意为“突然投入、开始（讲话/工作）”，符合开启推介的语境。故选D。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在会议期间，Oliver注意到另一位投资者Delgado女士似乎对他的介绍很感兴趣。A. confused困惑的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. exhausted疲惫的；D. taken感兴趣的。根据后文“Ms. Delgado added, “I agree. You’ve ____ thought this through, and you even dress the part. It’s ____ to see someone who understands the power of a strong image.””可知，Delgado女士似乎对他的介绍很感兴趣。be taken with为固定短语，意为“被……吸引、对……感兴趣”。故选D。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她以时尚感著称，经常以大胆的选择来彰显自己的时尚。A. brave大胆的；B. intelligent聪明的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. critical批评的。根据前文“She was known for her fashion-forward sense”和后文“Today was no different; she was wearing a striking red suit that turned heads.”可知，她以时尚感著称，后文提到她穿了引人注目的红西装，说明她的穿搭选择很大胆，符合她时尚前卫的特点。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：介绍结束时，投资者们显然印象深刻。A. praised赞扬；B. impressed使印象深刻；C. enclosed围绕；D. trapped困住。根据后文“You’ve knocked our socks off. I see a bright future, and we want to be part of it.”可知，后文投资者夸赞Oliver的项目，说明他们对演示很受触动、印象深刻。故选B。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：你显然已经考虑周全了，而且你甚至穿得也很得体。A. willingly愿意地；B. subjectively主观地；C. clearly显然；D. objectively客观地。根据后文“thought this through, and you even dress the part.”可知，投资者明确能看出Oliver准备得非常充分。故选C。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看到有人懂得强大形象的力量，真是令人鼓舞。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. astonishing令人惊讶的；D. demanding要求高的。根据后文“to see someone who understands the power of a strong image”可知，投资者很认可Oliver兼顾形象和实力的做法，觉得这很鼓舞人。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Oliver感谢了大家，并承诺随时向他们通报最新情况。A. fascinated使着迷；B. relaxed放松；C. amused逗乐；D. updated更新。根据前文“Oliver thanked everyone and promised to keep them”可知，Oliver承诺随时向他们通报最新情况。keep sb. updated为固定短语，意为“让某人了解最新情况”。故选D。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想我们可以肯定地说，我们要成功了。A. homes家；B. boards木板；C. places地方；D. forwards前锋。根据前文“That was amazing.”可知，go places是固定短语，意为“获得成功、前程似锦”，符合他们拿到投资、即将迎来成功的语境。故选C。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Oliver意识到，虽然外表很重要，但有一个支持你的团队是无价的。A. protective保护的；B. invaluable无价的；C. cooperative合作的；D. ambitious有野心的。根据后文“They had shown that success came from a mixture of style, substance and enthusiasm.”可知，团队的支持比穿搭更重要，是无比珍贵的资产，符合后文对成功的总结。故选B。 (6) Try Paper-Based Crafting to Cut Through Overthinking Since being diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder as a teenager, I’ve turned to medication, talking therapy, and exercise to alleviate my symptoms. Still, I often find it hard to “switch off”, and stop 1 thoughts. But, recently, I discovered a new tool to slice through my anxiety. In a collage (拼贴画) workshop, I cut images from magazines, and pasted them on to paper. Playing around with pictures, scissors, and glue, I was transported back to more creative childhood days — and experienced a deep sense of 2 . 3 drawing or painting, there’s no certain level of artistic skill required for a collage, while the pressure to make something ‘perfect’ is removed. By remixing readymade visuals, I was able to 4 the voice of my inner critic, and feel a different kind of creative freedom. Alongside the simple joy of cutting and arranging images, I learned that the final 5 can be meaningful, too. According to artist and teacher Hazel Pit, we mentally store certain past images in our minds — and collage allows us to access them. “With its endless possibilities, collage really is an ideal tool for accessing the unconscious mind, and expressing yourself,” she says. Hazel’s students have been surprised by the emotions reflected back to them in their compositions. As she explains: “Collage can act as a 6 conduit (渠道，通道) for the inner self,” and anyone can experience its benefits by following these steps. Grab your tools Gather visually-rich materials, including magazines and newspapers, leaflets, old books, vintage postcards, and photographs. Searching for forgotten pictures can 7 new ideas and emotional revelations. You will also need glue and a pair of 8 . For the background, choose paper or card that suits your personal style, from a piece of white A5 to a leftover delivery box. Work with what you have! Follow your intuition Pick out your images 9 . “Don’t overthink it, or hold the end product in mind,” says Hazel. Drawing on psychotherapist Carl Jung’s theories about images as metaphors in healing, she advises: “Only choose something that resonates with you, sparking an emotional reaction, as this will give your collage substance.” You might be 10 to certain colours, textures, or details, as well as figures, words, or scenes. At this stage, tear out the pages which feature appealing pictures, and place them in a pile. Cut, slice, and tear Cut out your chosen images or experiment with tearing with your hands for rougher edges. This repetitive act requires concentration and is soothing. “Cutting will put you in a meditative space,” says Hazel, “as you stop thinking about 11 issues and exist in the present moment.” Play around with pictures Arrange, rearrange, and layer your images, testing different combinations. Without constraints, allow your intuition to guide you. This is the most expressive part of the process, so embrace it. Pin and paste Once you’re happy with the arrangement, glue it down. Small pins can also help keep your composition in 12 . Reflect on your collage Finally, take time to reflect upon your collage. Does the choice and arrangement of pictures hold 13 ? Days later, it may speak to you about feelings or thoughts that you didn’t realize were bubbling beneath the surface. Generally speaking, collage requires no special 14 skill. The pressure to make something “perfect” gradually disappears. Studies suggest that creative activities like collage can reduce anxiety and strengthen one’s sense of 15 . 1．A．innovative B．reflective C．intrusive D．passive 2．A．suspicion B．curiosity C．tension D．calm 3．A．In addition to B．In contrast to C．In spite of D．In place of 4．A．silence B．prompt C．obey D．question 5．A．combination B．composition C．conclusion D．complement 6．A．mental B．physiological C．physical D．visual 7．A．block B．spark C．spell D．underestimate 8．A．knives B．tools C．scissors D．devices 9．A．carefully B．logically C．randomly D．instinctively 10．A．forced B．drawn C．exposed D．introduced 11．A．internal B．personal C．external D．minor 12．A．order B．mind C．balance D．shape 13．A．popularity B．difficulty C．convenience D．significance 14．A．technical B．practical C．artistic D．professional 15．A．identity B．humor C．self D．responsibility 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．C 15．C 【导语】本文讲述拼贴手工可缓解焦虑，它无需艺术技巧、无完美压力，遵从直觉创作，能探寻内心情绪，舒缓身心，帮助人们减轻焦虑、治愈自我。 1．考查形容词。句意：即便如此，我常常很难放空自己，无法停止杂乱烦扰的思绪。A. innovative创新的；B. reflective反思的；C. intrusive侵扰的；D. passive被动的。结合前文“Since being diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder as a teenager, I’ve turned to medication, talking therapy, and exercise to alleviate my symptoms.(自从十几岁时被诊断出患有广泛性焦虑症以来，我便通过药物治疗、心理治疗以及运动来缓解症状)”可知，作者患有焦虑症、难以放松的语境，此处指恼人的、侵入性的杂念。 2．考查名词。句意：摆弄图片、剪刀和胶水时，我仿佛回到富有创造力的童年，获得了深深的平静。A. suspicion怀疑；B. curiosity好奇；C. tension紧张；D. calm平静。结合上文“But, recently, I discovered a new tool to slice through my anxiety.(但最近，我找到了一种能帮我缓解焦虑的新方法)”可知，拼贴画缓解焦虑、舒缓身心的内容，可知内心变得平静。 3．考查介词短语。句意：与绘画或素描不同，拼贴艺术不需要具备特定的绘画技巧水平，而且也不再有追求“完美”的压力。A. In addition to除……之外；B. In contrast to与……相反；C. In spite of尽管；D. In place of代替。根据后文“drawing or painting, there’s no certain level of artistic skill required for a collage”可知，此处将拼贴画和绘画做对比，突出拼贴画门槛更低。 4．考查动词。句意：通过重组现成视觉素材，我能够压制内心自我批评的声音，收获别样的创作自由。A. silence使安静；B. prompt促使；C. obey遵守；D. question质疑。结合后文“the voice of my inner critic, and feel a different kind of creative freedom”可知，创作过程让人不再自我否定，平息内心批判的声音。 5．考查名词。句意：除了剪裁和排列图片所带来的简单乐趣之外，我还了解到最终的组合效果也能具有一定的意义。A. combination结合；B. composition创作作品；C. conclusion结论；D. complement补充。结合空前的“final”和后文多次提及拼贴创作的成品，此处指拼贴画作。 6．考查形容词。句意：正如她所解释的那样：“拼贴画能够成为展现内心世界的视觉通道”，而任何人只要按照以下步骤去做，就能体验到其带来的益处。A. mental精神的；B. physiological生理的；C. physical身体的；D. visual视觉的。根据上文“By remixing readymade visuals”指拼贴画能够成为展现内心世界的视觉通道。 7．考查动词。句意：搜寻被遗忘的图片能够激发新想法，带来情感上的感悟。A. block阻挡；B. spark激发；C. spell拼写；D. underestimate低估。结合语境，搜集素材会催生新的灵感与感悟。 8．考查名词。句意：你还需要胶水和一把剪刀。A. knives小刀；B. tools工具；C. scissors剪刀；D. devices设备。前文“Playing around with pictures, scissors, and glue”提到剪刀是制作拼贴画的核心工具。 9．考查副词。句意：凭直觉随意挑选图片。A. carefully仔细地；B. logically有条理地；C. randomly随意地；D. instinctively本能地。根据后文“Don’t overthink it, or hold the end product in mind”以及本段小标题“Follow your intuition”为遵从直觉，对应凭本能、直觉挑选素材。 10．考查动词。句意：你可能会被特定的色彩、质感、细节以及人物文字或场景所吸引。A. forced强迫；B. drawn吸引；C. exposed暴露；D. introduced介绍。根据后文“ At this stage, tear out the pages which feature appealing pictures, and place them in a pile.(在这个阶段，把那些有精美图片的页面撕下来，然后把这些页面叠放在一起)”提到把这些图片剪下来，故此处指被特定的色彩、质感、细节以及人物文字或场景所吸引。固定搭配be drawn to表示“被……吸引”，贴合选材语境。 11．考查形容词。句意：“裁剪能让你进入冥想状态，”Hazel说，“因为你不再纠结外界琐事，活在当下。”A. internal内在的；B. personal个人的；C. external外界的；D. minor次要的。根据后文“exist in the present moment”可知，专注手工操作会让人抛开外界繁杂问题，舒缓焦虑。 12．考查名词。句意：小图钉也能帮助固定作品布局。A. order秩序；B. mind思绪；C. balance平衡；D. shape形状。根据上文“Small pins can also help keep your composition in”指小图钉也能帮助固定作品布局。固定搭配keep...in order表示“使……整齐有序”，贴合排版固定画面的语境。 13．考查名词。句意：图片的选择与排布是否蕴含特殊意义。A. popularity流行；B. difficulty困难；C. convenience便利；D. significance意义。结合后文“Days later, it may speak to you about feelings or thoughts that you didn’t realize were bubbling beneath the surface.(几天之后，它可能会向你揭示一些你未曾察觉的、潜藏在内心深处的感受或想法)”提到拼贴画折射内心情绪与想法，此处指深层含义。 14．考查形容词。句意：一般来说，拼贴画不需要特殊的艺术技艺。A. technical技术的；B. practical实用的；C. artistic艺术的；D. professional专业的。前文“drawing or painting, there’s no certain level of artistic skill required for a collage”对比绘画，强调拼贴画无艺术技能门槛。 15．考查名词。句意：研究表明，拼贴画这类创意活动可以缓解焦虑，增强自我认同感。A. identity身份；B. humor幽默；C. self自我；D. responsibility责任。前文“I was able to ________ the voice of my inner critic”和“With its endless possibilities, collage really is an ideal tool for accessing the unconscious mind, and expressing yourself(由于拼贴画有着无限的可能性，它确实是一种理想的工具，能够帮助我们触及潜意识，并表达自我)”提到，拼贴画能够感受平息内心批判的声音，找到内心平静以及表达自我，故此处指手工创作抒发内心、疗愈情绪，能够强化自我认知与自我接纳。 (7) Lately, it’s been hard for Jack Innenan, a 22-year-old TikTok star from Toronto, to create content. “I feel like I’m 1 a keg (酒桶) that’s been empty for a year,” he said. Spending hours shooting, editing, storyboarding, 2 with fans, setting up brand deals and balancing the many other responsibilities that come with being a successful content creator have taken a toll. Mr. Innenan, like so many Gen Z influencers who 3 fame in the last year, is burned out. “I get to the point where I’m like, ‘I have to make a video today,’ and I spend the entire day 4 the process,” he said. He’s hardly the only one. Throughout 2020, social media 5 a new generation of young stars. Now, many of them say they have reached a 6 point. Burnout has affected generations of social media creators. In 2017, Instagram influencers began leaving the platform, saying they were feeling depressed and discouraged. In 2018, many large YouTube creators began stepping away from the platform, 7 mental health issues. But problems with burnout in the creator community are endemic. “If you slow down, you might disappear,” the YouTuber Olga Kay told Fast Company in 2014. When a fresh crop of young stars seeking fame and fortune began building audiences on TikTok in late 2019 and early 2020, many were 8 that this time would be different. Still, they weren’t prepared for the draining work of building, maintaining and 9 an audience. 10 , they have encountered all kinds of problems, including bullying harassment and discrimination. “Some creators get their content 11 too, so someone else will go viral off their content and get all the 12 ,” Mr. Harris said. To cope with depression, many TikTok creators have sought therapy and life coaching, or tried to be more 13 with their fans and friends about their struggles. A TikTok spokesperson wrote in an email statement, “We’re focused on understanding their individual content goals and experiences, and our teams continue to work to provide resources, support, and an open door for feedback.” But even the most 14 platforms can’t eliminate the hazards inherent in a creator’s job, or the pressure many creators put on themselves. “It feels like I personally am failing and may never recover if a 15 flops,” a TikTok creator said. 1．A．filling B．kicking C．rolling D．tapping 2．A．engaging B．identifying C．idling D．reacting 3．A．found B．lost C．rejected D．sought 4．A．anticipating B．conceiving C．dreading D．savoring 5．A．advertised B．approved C．minted D．replaced 6．A．boiling B．breaking C．bursting D．turning 7．A．citing B．concealing C．leaving D．treating 8．A．afraid B．assured C．hopeful D．suspicious 9．A．educating B．monetizing C．quarantining D．tricking 10．A．Above all B．Even worse C．As a result D．On the other hand 11．A．canceled B．followed C．robbed D．stolen 12．A．depression B．heat C．press D．tension 13．A．emotional B．friendly C．open D．optimistic 14．A．helpful B．innovative C．popular D．profitable 15．A．brand B．commercial C．platform D．video 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．B 11．D 12．C 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是社交媒体内容创作者面临的职业倦怠（burnout）问题。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我觉得自己就像在敲一个已经空了一年的酒桶，”他说。A. filling填充；B. kicking踢；C. rolling滚动；D. tapping轻拍。根据上文“to create content”和后文“a keg (酒桶) that’s been empty for a year”及第二段的“burned out”可知，Jack Innenan要创作内容，创作是希望能有所产出，但是他精疲力尽了，所以感觉自己就像在敲一个已经空了的酒桶，很难有东西被创作出来，故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：花几个小时拍摄、剪辑、设计故事板、与粉丝互动、安排品牌合作，以及平衡成为成功内容创作者所带来的许多其他责任，都让人身心俱疲。A. engaging与……建立密切关系，使参与；B. identifying识别；C. idling虚度光阴；D. reacting反应。根据后文“with fans”可知，此处指与粉丝互动，engage with意为“与……互动”，故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：和许多在去年崭露头角的 Z 世代网红一样，他已精疲力竭。A. found发现；B. lost失去；C. rejected拒绝；D. sought寻找。根据上文“a successful content creator”和后文“fame”可知，此处指崭露头角的 Z 世代网红，find fame意为“成名”，故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我到了这样的地步，心想，‘我今天必须拍个视频，’然后我一整天都在害怕这个过程，”他说。A. anticipating预期；B. conceiving构思；C. dreading害怕；D. savoring享受。根据上文“Mr. Innenan, like so many Gen Z influencers who ___ fame in the last year, is burned out.”可知，伊内南感到身心疲惫，所以此处指他害怕创作视频的过程，dread符合语境。故选C。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2020年全年，社交媒体造就了一批新一代的年轻明星。A. advertised广告；B. approved批准；C. minted铸造，创造；D. replaced取代。根据后文“a new generation of young stars”可知，此处指社交媒体创造了一批新一代的年轻明星，mint符合语境。故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，他们中的许多人表示，自己已经到了崩溃的边缘。A. boiling沸腾；B. breaking破碎，崩溃；C. bursting爆发；D. turning转动。根据下文“Burnout has affected generations of social media creators.”以及语境可知，职业倦怠已经影响了好几代社交媒体创作者，此处指他们到了崩溃的边缘，break point意为“临界点，崩溃点”符合语境。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2018年，许多大型YouTube创作者开始远离该平台，理由是心理健康问题。A. citing列举，提及；B. concealing隐藏；C. leaving离开；D. treating治疗。根据后文“mental health issues”可知，此处指他们以心理健康问题为由远离平台，cite符合语境，表“提及”。故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2019年末至2020年初，当一批新涌现的渴望名利的年轻明星开始在抖音上积累粉丝时，许多人满怀希望，觉得这次情况会有所不同。A. afraid害怕的；B. assured确定的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. suspicious怀疑的。根据后文“that this time would be different”可知，此处指许多人希望这次会有所不同，hopeful符合语境。故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他们还是没有为建立、维护和从观众中获利这一耗尽精力的工作做好准备。A. educating教育；B. monetizing从……中获利；C. quarantining隔离；D. tricking欺骗。根据第五段“social media creators”和后文“an audience”以及语境可知，此处指社交媒体创作者从观众中获利，monetize符合语境。故选B。 10．考查固定短语辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，他们遇到了各种各样的问题，包括欺凌、骚扰和歧视。A. Above all最重要的是；B. Even worse更糟糕的是；C. As a result结果；D. On the other hand另一方面。根据后文“they have encountered all kinds of problems, including bullying harassment and discrimination”可知，此处指情况更糟糕了，他们遇到了欺凌、骚扰和歧视之类的问题，Even worse符合语境。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈里斯先生说：“一些创作者的内容也会被盗用，所以其他人会凭借他们的内容走红，获得所有媒体关注 。”A. canceled取消；B. followed跟随；C. robbed抢劫；D. stolen偷。根据后文“so someone else will go viral off their content”可知，此处指一些创作者的内容被盗用了，所以其他人才会因为他们的内容而走红，stolen符合语境。故选D。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈里斯先生说：“一些创作者的内容也会被盗用，所以其他人会凭借他们的内容走红，获得所有媒体关注 。”A. depression沮丧；B. heat热度；C. press新闻报道；D. tension紧张。根据上文“so someone else will go viral off their content”可知，其他人会因为他们的内容而走红，走红了就会成为媒体关注的焦点，get all the press意为“成为媒体关注的焦点”。故选C。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了应对抑郁，许多TikTok创作者寻求治疗和生活指导，或者试图更坦诚地与粉丝和朋友分享自己的挣扎。A. emotional情绪的；B. friendly友好的；C. open公开的，坦诚的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据后文“with their fans and friends about their struggles”可知，此处指更坦诚地与粉丝和朋友分享自己的挣扎，open符合语境。故选C。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但即使是最有帮助的平台，也无法消除创作者工作中固有的风险，以及许多创作者给自己施加的压力。A. helpful有帮助的；B. innovative创新的；C. popular受欢迎的；D. profitable盈利的。根据上文“our teams continue to work to provide resources, support”可知抖音是有帮助的平台，此处指即使是最有帮助的平台，也无法消除创作者工作中固有的风险，故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“如果一段视频失败了，我会觉得自己很失败，可能永远都无法恢复，”一位TikTok创作者说。A. brand品牌；B. commercial商业广告；C. platform平台；D. video视频。根据上文（第三段）“I get to the point where I’m like, ‘I have to make a video today,’”可知，此处指如果一段视频失败了，video符合语境。故选D。 (8) Reading is not an instinct. As children, we have to start from scratch. We wire our brains to read by gradually enhancing links between the critical areas: those that recognise the visual form of letters, those that tell us what a word sounds like and how you 1 say it, and so on. Writing by hand helps to form these brain 2 . When we learn how to write, we use parts of the brain known as the motor cortices that control physical movements. When we read, those same areas are activated — suggesting we basically write words in our minds as we 3 them. Karin James of Indiana University in Bloomington has found that young children can recognise new letters more readily when they learn that letters by writing them 4 by typing or tracing. James has also shown that some brain regions that light up when adults read also become active in children 5 letters they’ve learned to print by hand — but not in children who’ve learned letters by typing them. This seems like strong evidence of the importance of handwriting, but James 6 that just because adults use certain circuitry (线路) to read does not necessarily mean it’s the only writing that could work. “Our brains are clearly 7 ,” she says, “It might be just fine to start typing — and for that you need a whole different brain network and learn how to read that way. We don’t know yet.” For now though, most studies suggest handwriting has a(n) 8 role to play. Marieke Long-camp at Aix-Marseille University in France has shown that when adults learned unfamiliar characters based on the Bengali and Gujarati alphabets either by writing or typing, those who 9 the letters remembered them better three weeks later. Part of the problem is that typing does not 10 in us the same understanding of character or letter forms as writing by hand. “If you show children just a single typical A, they’re not going to be able to understand that another 11 of an A is the same thing.” James says. The messy and inconsistent way that children (and many adults) tend to write, 12 , may help them to cope with a wide variety of typefaces and letter forms. Writing freehand, then, seems to be an important part of learning to read — but does the 13 of handwriting make a difference? Some schools have 14 teaching cursive (草书体的) or joined-up writing. In the US, for instance, it is not part of the national curriculum adopted by 46 states, though it has come back in some states in response to a public outcry. When it comes to learning to read, though, James has found that writing in cursive doesn’t seem to add anything to the mix. “It seems like it’s any kind of   15 of a letter by hand that makes the difference.” she says. 1．A．occasionally B．physically C．gradually D．instinctively 2．A．structures B．connections C．processes D．functions 3．A．write B．coin C．recite D．read 4．A．rather than B．as well as C．such as D．or else 5．A．listening to B．depending on C．looking at D．thinking of 6．A．requires B．decides C．foresees D．cautions 7．A．similar B．different C．delicate D．adaptable 8．A．critical B．unpredictable C．unclear D．increased 9．A．wrote out B．responded to C．typed in D．pointed at 10．A．trust B．implant C．spend D．invest 11．A．example B．equivalent C．form D．method 12．A．as a result B．in a word C．by contrast D．vice versa 13．A．history B．type C．dominance D．study 14．A．suggested B．permitted C．practised D．stopped 15．A．creation B．recognition C．existence D．typing 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．D 8．A 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了手写对于阅读和大脑发育的重要性，并与打字进行了对比，指出手写有助于大脑建立阅读所需的神经连接并探讨了手写字体类型对阅读学习的影响。 1．考查副词词义辨析。 句意：我们的大脑通过逐渐加强关键区域之间的联系来学会阅读：那些识别字母视觉形态的区域、那些告诉我们单词发音以及如何实际说出它的区域，等等。 A. occasionally偶尔；B. physically身体上地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. instinctively本能地。根据上文“recognise the visual form of letters, those that tell us what a word sounds like”可知，上下文提及阅读时控制身体运动的皮层激活，physically(身体上地)符合“如何说”与身体动作相关的语境。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：手写有助于形成这些大脑连接。A. structures结构；B. connections连接；C. processes过程；D. functions功能。根据上文“We wire our brains to read by gradually enhancing links between the critical areas”可知，前文提及增强大脑关键区域间的关联，此处手写正是助力形成这类大脑连接。故选B。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们阅读时，这些相同的区域会被激活——这表明我们在阅读单词时，基本上会在脑海中书写这些单词。A. write写；B. coin创造；C. recite背诵；D. read阅读。根据上文“When we read, those same areas are activated”可知，此处是说在阅读的过程中会产生脑海中书写的行为。故选D。 4．考查连词短语辨析。句意：印第安纳大学伯明顿分校的卡琳·詹姆斯发现，幼儿通过书写学习新字母时，能更容易识别这些字母，而非通过打字或描摹。A. rather than而不是；B. as well as也；C. such as例如；D. or else否则。根据上文“by writing them”和后文“by typing or tracing”可知，手写方式效果更好，与打字、描摹形成对比。故选A。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：詹姆斯还发现，成年人在阅读时大脑中活跃的一些区域，在孩子们看着他们通过手写练习学会的字母时也会变得活跃——但在那些通过打字学习字母的孩子身上则不会。A. listening to听；B. depending on依赖；C. looking at看；D. thinking of想到。上文“young children can recognise new letters more readily”提到，幼儿通过书写学习新字母时，能更容易识别这些字母，此处指儿童在看通过手写练习学会的字母时，大脑区域会被激活，故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这似乎是手写重要性的有力证据，但詹姆斯提醒道，成年人使用特定的神经回路进行阅读，并不一定意味着这是唯一有效的书写方式。A. requires要求；B. decides决定；C. foresees预见；D. cautions提醒、告诫。根据下文“just because adults use certain circuitry to read does not necessarily mean it’s the only writing that could work”可知，这是詹姆斯给出的提醒和客观看法。故选D。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我们的大脑显然具有适应性，也许直接开始打字也没问题——为此你需要一个完全不同的脑网络，并通过那种方式学习阅读。我们目前还不清楚。”A. similar相似的；B. different不同的；C. delicate精致的；D. adaptable有适应性的。根据下文“It might be just fine to start typing — and for that you need a whole different brain network and learn how to read that way”可知，大脑可以适应打字所需的不同神经网络，体现出适应性。故选D。          8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不过，就目前而言，大多数研究表明，手写起着至关重要的作用。A. critical至关重要的；B. unpredictable不可预测的；C. unclear不清楚的；D. increased增加的。根据下文“those who wrote out the letters remembered them better three weeks later”可知，此处指手写起着至关重要的作用。故选A。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：法国艾克斯-马赛大学的玛丽克·朗坎普发现，当成年人通过手写或打字学习基于孟加拉语和古吉拉特语字母的陌生字符时，那些写出这些字母的人在三周后对字符的记忆效果更好。A. wrote out写出；B. responded to回应；C. typed in输入；D. pointed at指向。上文“handwriting has a(n) ________ role to play”提到手写扮演者重要作用，此处对比“writing”和“typing”，应是手写写出字母的人记忆效果更好。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：部分问题在于，打字并不能像手写那样在我们心中植入对字符或字母形式的相同理解。A. trust信任；B. implant植入；C. spend花费；D. invest投资。根据下文“in us the same understanding of character or letter forms as writing by hand”可知，此处指打字无法像手写那样在脑中“植入”相同理解。故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹姆斯说：“如果你只给孩子看一个标准的A，他们无法理解另一种形式的A也是同一个字母。”A. example例子；B. equivalent等价物；C. form形式；D. method方法。根据下文“cope with a wide variety of typefaces and letter forms”可知，此处指字母的不同形式。故选C。 12．考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，孩子（以及许多成年人）写字时那种潦草、不规整的方式，可能有助于他们适应各种各样的字体和字母形式。A. as a result结果；B. in a word总之；C. by contrast相比之下；D. vice versa反之亦然。根据上文“If you show children just a single typical A, they’re not going to be able to understand that another________of an A is the same thing.”和下文“The messy and inconsistent way”和“may help them to cope with a wide variety of typefaces”可知，只看标准字母孩子无法理解其他形式，而潦草书写能带来不同效果可知，此处形成对比。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，手写是学习阅读的重要组成部分——但手写的类型有影响吗？A. history历史；B. type类型；C. dominance主导地位；D. study学习。根据下文“Some schools have stopped teaching cursive or joined-up writing”可知，此处探讨的是手写的字体类型是否有影响。故选B。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些学校已经停止教授草书或连笔字。A. suggested建议；B. permitted允许；C. practised练习；D. stopped停止。根据下文“In the US, for instance, it is not part of the national curriculum adopted by 46 states”可知，草书未纳入课程，说明学校停止了相关教学。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：她说：“似乎是亲手创造出字母的任何形式，都会带来这种效果。” A. creation 创造；B. recognition 识别；C. existence 存在；D. typing 打字。 根据上文“writing in cursive doesn’t seem to add anything”可知，草书并未额外加分，关键是手工创造字母本身。故选 A。 (9) Fictional British detective Sherlock Holmes is probably one of the most popular detectives in literary history. Known for his brilliant analytical skills and ability to decipher complicated clues, the consulting detective has been depicted on screen 254 times and even holds the Guinness World Record for the most 1 literary human character in film & TV. Hence, it is not surprising to hear that the Royal Mint, responsible for producing coins in the United Kingdom, has 2 the iconic detective with a commemorative coin. Released on May 22, 2019, in honor of creator Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s 160th birthday, the 50 pence (75 cent) coin features a silhouette (剪影) of Holmes, 3 with the detective’s famous deerstalker hat and pipe, on one side and Queen Elizabeth II on the other. Surrounding Holmes’ image are some of his most popular 4 including, The Hound of the Baskervilles, The Sign of the Four, The Valley of Fear, as well as the detective’s debut novel — A Study of Scarlet. The tiny lettering of the 5 , which require a magnifying glass to read, may seem like a mistake caused by the attempt to cram in too much in a small space. However, the coin’s designer, Steve Raw, says he deliberately put them all there to 6 the “inner detective” in fans. He explains, “Naturally, the only way to solve ‘the mystery of the text’ is by using that essential piece of equipment always carried by the intrepid detective: a magnifying glass.” The Royal Mint plans to put the 50p coin in general 7 later this year. 8 , fans hoping to add a sparkly new piece to their Sherlock Holmes memorabilia, can purchase an uncirculated version for £10 ($13) from the Royal Mint’s website. Also 9 are 600 limited edition silver proof coins for £55 ($70) each and 400 limited edition gold proof coins for £795 ($1,000) each. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland on May 22, 1859, Doyle was a trained doctor running a clinic, before discovering his passion for writing. Holmes’ character was based on Dr. Joseph Bell, a renowned forensic scientist at Edinburgh University, whom Doyle 10 under. Following the tremendous success of A Study in Scarlet, the imaginative author 11 four novels and 56 short stories, the last in 1927, 12 the detective and his sidekick, Dr. Watson. In addition to the screen adaptations, Holmes, whose stories continue to entertain and 13 fans young and old, has been featured on radio dramas, live stage, and even computer games. The United Kingdom’s fun tradition of featuring fictional characters on 14 began in 2016, when the Royal Mint celebrated Beatrix Potter’s 150th birthday with limited edition coins featuring characters from the author’s iconic children’s story, The Tale of Peter Rabbit. In 2018, to 15 his 60th birthday, the adorable Paddington Bear appeared on a set of commemorative coins for purchase on the government agency’s website. We wonder who will be next! 1．A．needed B．portrayed C．boasted D．highlighted 2．A．rewarded B．complimented C．honored D．awarded 3．A．associated B．complete C．covered D．content 4．A．plots B．subjects C．characters D．mysteries 5．A．accounts B．illustrations C．features D．titles 6．A．bring out B．bring about C．bring up D．bring in 7．A．accessibility B．popularity C．circulation D．promotion 8．A．However B．Therefore C．Furthermore D．Instead 9．A．commercial B．available C．necessary D．profitable 10．A．guided B．pursued C．followed D．studied 11．A．adapted B．penned C．reviewed D．translated 12．A．overtaking B．quoting C．characterizing D．starring 13．A．fascinate B．instruct C．horrify D．energize 14．A．bill B．credit C．currency D．note 15．A．spend B．mark C．approach D．signal 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国皇家铸币厂为纪念夏洛克·福尔摩斯的创作者阿瑟·柯南·道尔爵士160岁生日，发行了一枚50便士的纪念币，还介绍了硬币的设计、购买方式以及福尔摩斯这一角色的创作背景和影响力等。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位虚构的英国侦探夏洛克·福尔摩斯可能是文学史上最受欢迎的侦探之一，他以卓越的分析能力和破解复杂线索的能力而闻名，这个咨询侦探角色在银幕上被描绘了254次，甚至保持着电影和电视中“被描绘次数最多的文学人类角色”的吉尼斯世界纪录。A. needed需要；B. portrayed描绘；C. boasted自夸；D. highlighted突出。根据上文“the consulting detective has been depicted on screen 254 times”可知，此处表示的是福尔摩斯保持着“被描绘次数最多的文学人类角色”的吉尼斯世界纪录。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，听到负责在英国生产硬币的皇家铸币厂授予这位标志性侦探一枚纪念币也就不足为奇了。A. rewarded奖励；B. complimented赞美；C. honored纪念；D. awarded授予。根据下文“the iconic detective with a commemorative coin”以及“Released on May 22, 2019, in honor of creator Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s 160th birthday, the 50 pence (75 cent) coin features a silhouette (剪影) of Holmes,”可知，此处表示的是授予标志性侦探一枚纪念币。故选D。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这枚50便士（75美分）的硬币于2019年5月22日发行，以纪念创作者阿瑟·柯南·道尔爵士160岁生日，硬币的一面是福尔摩斯的剪影，配有这位侦探著名的猎鹿帽和烟斗，另一面是伊丽莎白二世女王。A. associated关联的；B. complete完整的；C. covered覆盖的；D. content满意的。根据下文“with the detective’s famous deerstalker hat and pipe,”可知，此处表示的是福尔摩斯的剪影配有猎鹿帽和烟斗。故选B。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：福尔摩斯形象周围环绕着他一些最受欢迎的谜团，包括《巴斯克维尔的猎犬》、《四签名》、《恐怖谷》以及这位侦探的处女作——《血字的研究》。A. plots情节；B. subjects主题；C. characters角色；D. mysteries谜团。根据下文“including, The Hound of the Baskervilles, The Sign of the Four, The Valley of Fear, as well as the detective’s debut novel — A Study of Scarlet.”可知，这些都是福尔摩斯系列中的谜团故事。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：标题的小字体需要放大镜才能阅读，这可能看起来像是试图在狭小空间里塞进太多东西而导致的错误。A. accounts账户；B. illustrations插图；C. features特点；D. titles标题。根据上文“including, The Hound of the Baskervilles, The Sign of the Four, The Valley of Fear, as well as the detective’s debut novel — A Study of Scarlet.”可知，这些是作品的标题。故选D。 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，硬币的设计师史蒂夫·劳说，他故意把所有这些文字都放在那里，以激发粉丝们“内心的侦探”。A. bring out激发；B. bring about引起；C. bring up抚养；D. bring in引进。根据下文“the “inner detective” in fans”以及语境可知，此处表示放入这么多文字的目的是激发粉丝们内心的侦探精神。故选A。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国皇家铸币厂计划在今年晚些时候将这枚50便士硬币投入流通。A. accessibility可接近性；B. popularity流行；C. circulation流通；D. promotion促销。根据上文“The Royal Mint plans to put the 50p coin”以及常识可知，此处表示的是将硬币投入流通。故选C。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，希望在自己的夏洛克·福尔摩斯纪念品中增添一件闪亮新物品的粉丝们，可以从英国皇家铸币厂的网站上以10英镑（13美元）的价格购买一枚未流通的版本。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Furthermore此外；D. Instead代替。根据下文“fans hoping to add a sparkly new piece to their Sherlock Holmes memorabilia, can purchase an uncirculated version for £10 ($13) from the Royal Mint’s website.”以及语境可知，英国皇家铸币厂的计划和粉丝的希望之间存在转折关系，所以空处应使用however，表示“然而”。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，还有600枚限量版银质精制币，每枚售价55英镑（70美元），以及400枚限量版金质精制币，每枚售价795英镑（1000美元），均可购买。A. commercial商业的；B. available可获得的；C. necessary必要的；D. profitable有利可图的。根据上文“can purchase an uncirculated version for £10 ($13) from the Royal Mint’s website.”可知，此处表示的是这些限量版银质精制币也可以购买。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：福尔摩斯这个角色是基于爱丁堡大学著名的法医科学家约瑟夫·贝尔博士，柯南·道尔曾在他手下学习。A. guided指导；B. pursued追求；C. followed跟随；D. studied学习。根据上文“Doyle was a trained doctor running a clinic, before discovering his passion for writing.”可知，柯南·道尔曾是一名医生，所以此处表示的是他在贝尔博士手下学习。故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在《血字的研究》取得巨大成功之后，这位富有想象力的作家撰写了四部长篇小说和56篇短篇小说，最后一篇写于1927年，描述了这位侦探和他的助手华生博士。A. adapted改编；B. penned撰写；C. reviewed复习；D. translated翻译。根据下文“four novels and 56 short stories”可知，此处表示的是他撰写小说和短篇小说。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在《血字的研究》取得巨大成功之后，这位富有想象力的作家撰写了四部长篇小说和56篇短篇小说，最后一篇写于1927年，描述了这位侦探和他的助手华生博士。A. overtaking超过；B. quoting引用；C. characterizing描绘；D. starring主演。根据下文“the detective and his sidekick, Dr. Watson.”以及常识可知，最后一篇小说描述了这位侦探和他的助手华生博士。故选C。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了屏幕改编之外，福尔摩斯的故事继续娱乐并吸引着各个年龄段的粉丝，他还出现在广播剧、现场舞台剧甚至电脑游戏中。A. fascinate吸引；B. instruct指导；C. horrify使恐惧；D. energize使充满活力。根据上文“continue to entertain”以及下文“fans young and old”可知，此处表示的是福尔摩斯的故事吸引着粉丝。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国在货币上印上虚构人物的传统始于2016年，当时英国皇家铸币厂为庆祝碧翠丝·波特150岁生日，发行了限量版硬币，硬币上印有这位作家标志性儿童故事《彼得兔的故事》中的角色。A. bill账单；B. credit信用；C. currency货币；D. note便条。根据下文“when the Royal Mint celebrated Beatrix Potter’s 150th birthday with limited edition coins featuring characters from the author’s iconic children’s story, The Tale of Peter Rabbit.”可知，此处表示的是在货币上印上虚构人物这一传统。故选C。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2018年，为了纪念他60岁生日，可爱的帕丁顿熊出现在政府机构网站上出售的一套纪念币上。A. spend花费；B. mark纪念；C. approach接近；D. signal发信号。根据下文“his 60th birthday”可知，此处表示的是为了纪念帕丁顿熊60岁生日。故选B。 (10) Permissive Paths I’ve always loved a ‘permissive path’ — a route across private land that the owner, manager or tenant has decided voluntarily to open to all. It’s always seemed like the nicest of 1 . A surprise, a welcome, a generous act, as well as an implied agreement between walker and landowner: here is a safe route to use, 2 . The direct 3 of “get off my land”, it is the action of a farmer or land manager interested in and part of their wider community. Many permissive paths work well and have done for a significant amount of time, enhancing or connecting our network of public footpaths and byways. And there is much to gain in 4 benefit, too. For walkers, perhaps a route that ‘ 5 ’ across the land is scenic, invites curiosity and enquiry into what’s living or growing in a place through the seasons. For land managers, they can introduce a lot of cheer and common 6 : great public relations, a gateway to building understanding and respect for the work and life of the countryside, plus more love for what else lives, or has lived, in a place, historically or ecologically. Many land managers and farmers are critically 7 of the knowledge gap between most people and farming, as well as the need for access to the countryside for all. Many want to share the 8 of the space they live or work in. But it takes a certain amount of kindness, courage and effort to 9 a welcome onto land you are responsible for. Kate Sharp, tenant farmer on the glorious, organic West Town Farm in Devon, 10 by semi-retired farmer Andy Bragg, says she loves “to help people enjoy the beautiful countryside with us and have a 11 to the farming we do here” through permissive paths. But she’s been saddened by the actions of some, with off-lead dogs misbehaving around livestock, poo (屎) not picked up or, weirdly, picked up, bagged, thrown or 12 somewhere. West Town Farm 13 ‘Pasture for Life’ principles, grazing (放牧) animals on 100% rich and diverse fields. There is no place on it for dog poo, or poo in bags hanging from berry-and wildlife-rich hedgerows. Kate emphasises the majority of dog walkers use it in a friendly, respectful way, but the problem has got so bad from a few, she’s considering a no-dog policy. 14 , the Bathurst Estate in Cirencester chose to monetise access after 300 years of use while Bridehead Estate in Dorset shut its access after 65 years and a new owner. When this can happen, and when a few people 15 things for others, bold moves, such as Peer responsibility and the Right to Roam public access movement, offer better gateways to long-term solutions and cultural and social change. They are potential game changers. 1．A．territories B．volunteers C．invitations D．administrations 2．A．responsibly B．straight C．naturally D．alone 3．A．gesture B．equivalent C．command D．opposite 4．A．mutual B．physical C．seasonal D．agricultural 5．A．cuts short B．makes sense C．costs dear D．gets the boot 6．A．wealth B．knowledge C．estate D．goodwill 7．A．fearful B．ignorant C．aware D．ashamed 8．A．map B．privilege C．custom D．rhythm 9．A．extend B．decline C．honour D．receive 10．A．welcomed B．permitted C．tackled D．owned 11．A．restriction B．sacrifice C．connection D．vocation 12．A．dumped B．recycled C．charged D．hung 13．A．plugs into B．operates on C．withdraws from D．backfires on 14．A．Likewise B．For example C．In consequence D．Particularly 15．A．abuse B．adjust C．spoil D．profile 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了“任意通行路径”的意义、好处以及面临的问题，并提出了相应的解决方向。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这似乎是最美好的邀请。A. territories领土；B. volunteers志愿者；C. invitations邀请；D. administrations管理。根据下文“A surprise, a welcome, a generous act, as well as an implied agreement between walker and landowner”可知，任意通行路径是一份惊喜、一份欢迎、一份慷慨之举，同时也是步行者与土地所有者之间心照不宣的约定，土地所有者自愿开放给所有人的，这像是一种邀请。故选C。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这似乎是最美好的邀请。一份惊喜、一份欢迎、一份慷慨之举，同时也是步行者与土地所有者之间心照不宣的约定：这里有一条安全的路，请负责任地通行。A. responsibly负责任地；B. straight直接地；C. naturally自然地；D. alone独自地。根据上文“here is a safe route to use”以及下文“a gateway to building understanding and respect for the work and life of the countryside”可知，任意通行路径是一条可以安全使用的路线，要负责任地使用，这样才能建立对乡村工作和生活的理解和尊重。故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它是“别踏入我的土地”的直接对立面，是农民或土地管理者对其更广泛社区感兴趣并成为其中一部分的行动。A. gesture手势；B. equivalent等价物；C. command命令；D. opposite对立面。根据上文“a route across private land that the owner, manager or tenant has decided voluntarily to open to all”以及“get off my land”可知，任意通行路径是土地所有者自愿开放给所有人的，与“别踏入我的土地”是直接的对立面。故选D。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在互惠互利方面也有很多收获。A. mutual相互的；B. physical身体的；C. seasonal季节的；D. agricultural农业的。根据下文“For walkers, perhaps a route that ‘______’ across the land is scenic, invites curiosity and enquiry into what’s living or growing in a place through the seasons. For land managers, they can introduce a lot of cheer and common ______: great public relations, a gateway to building understanding and respect for the work and life of the countryside, plus more love for what else lives, or has lived, in a place, historically or ecologically.”可知，后文分别从步行者和土地管理者两方面说明好处，因此是互利的。故选A。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于步行者来说，一条在这片土地上存在的有意义的路线风景优美，激发人们的好奇心，去探寻一个地方四季里的生物与植被。A. cuts short缩短；B. makes sense有意义；C. costs dear付出高昂代价；D. gets the boot被解雇。根据下文“across the land is scenic, invites curiosity and enquiry into what’s living or growing in a place through the seasons”可知，激发人们的好奇心，去探寻一个地方四季里的生物与植被，所以这路线是有意义的。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于土地管理者来说，他们可以带来很多欢乐和善意：良好的公共关系，建立对乡村工作和生活理解和尊重的途径，以及对一个地方历史上或生态上生活或曾经生活过的其他生物的更多热爱。A. wealth财富；B. knowledge知识；C. estate庄园；D. goodwill善意。根据下文“great public relations, a gateway to building understanding and respect for the work and life of the countryside”可知，任意通行路径可以带来很多欢乐和善意。故选D。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多土地管理者和农民都深刻地意识到，大多数人与农业之间存在知识差距，以及所有人都需要进入乡村。A. fearful害怕的；B. ignorant无知的；C. aware意识到的；D. ashamed羞愧的。根据下文“the knowledge gap between most people and farming, as well as the need for access to the countryside for all”可知，大多数人与农业之间存在知识差距，以及所有人都需要进入乡村，许多土地管理者和农民都深刻地意识到这一点。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人想分享他们生活或工作空间的特权。A. map地图；B. privilege特权；C. custom习俗；D. rhythm节奏。根据下文“of the space they live or work in”可知，这些被分享的空间本来是属于他们的，他们拥有在这些空间生活或工作的特权。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在你负责的土地上致以欢迎需要一定的善意、勇气和努力。A. extend延伸，表示；B. decline下降；C. honour尊敬；D. receive收到。根据下文“a welcome onto land you are responsible for”可知，此处指开放这些空间，欢迎别人。extend a welcome 表示“致以欢迎，开放欢迎”。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Kate Sharp是德文郡西镇农场的佃农，该农场由半退休农民Andy Bragg所有。她说她喜欢通过任意通行路径“帮助人们和我们一起享受美丽的乡村，并与我们在这里从事的农业建立联系”。A. welcomed欢迎；B. permitted允许；C. tackled处理；D. owned拥有。根据上文“organic West Town Farm in Devon”以及下文“by semi-retired farmer Andy Bragg”可知，这个农场由半退休的农民Andy Bragg拥有。故选D。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Kate Sharp是德文郡西镇农场的佃农，该农场由半退休农民Andy Bragg所有。她说她喜欢通过任意通行路径“帮助人们和我们一起享受美丽的乡村，并与我们在这里从事的农业建立联系”。A. restriction限制；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. connection联系；D. vocation职业。根据上文“help people enjoy the beautiful countryside with us”以及下文“to the farming we do here”可知，Kate Sharp喜欢通过任意通行路径帮助人们和她们一起享受美丽的乡村，并与她们在这里从事的农业建立联系。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一些人的行为让她十分心寒：松开牵引绳的狗在牲畜周围肆意乱跑，狗粪没人清理，更离谱的是，有些即便捡起来装进袋子，也随手扔掉或挂在某个地方。A. dumped倾倒；B. recycled回收；C. charged收费；D. hung悬挂。根据上文“poo (屎) not picked up or, weirdly, picked up, bagged, thrown”和下文“poo in bags hanging from berry-and wildlife-rich hedgerows”可知，此处指狗屎被挂在树上。故选D。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：西镇农场奉行“生命牧场”理念，在物种丰富的纯天然牧场上放牧牲畜。A. plugs into插入；B. operates on采用，运作；C. withdraws from退出；D. backfires on产生事与愿违的结果。根据下文“‘Pasture for Life’ principles, grazing (放牧) animals on 100% rich and diverse fields”可知，“生命牧场”是西镇农场采用的原则。故选B。 14．考查副词和短语辨析。句意：例如，赛伦塞斯特的巴瑟斯特庄园在开放300年后，开始对入园收费；而多塞特郡的布莱德黑德庄园在新主人接手后，关闭了持续65年的开放通道。A. Likewise同样地；B. For example例如；C. In consequence结果；D. Particularly特别地。根据上文“she’s considering a no-dog policy”以及下文“the Bathurst Estate in Cirencester chose to monetise access after 300 years of use while Bridehead Estate in Dorset shut its access after 65 years and a new owner”可知，此处是在举例说明一些农场因为一些问题而改变了任意通行路径的政策。故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这类事情发生，当少数人破坏了大家共同的便利时，更强有力的举措 —— 如倡导共同责任、推行公共漫游权运动 —— 才能为长期解决方案与社会文化变革提供更好的路径。A. abuse滥用，破坏；B. adjust调整；C. spoil破坏，糟蹋；D. profile概述。根据上文“When this can happen, and when a few people”以及下文“things for others”可知，少数人的不文明行为毁掉了公共开放的机会。故选C。 (11) We are quite good at letting our minds wander while performing a routine motor skill. We can do the dinner dishes while thinking about our next vacation, or drink coffee while reading a newspaper. But psychologists ask this question: Do multitasking humans operate effectively and efficiently when they really need to 1 ？ The 2 suggests that the answer is no. One problem is interference (干扰). In the 1930s, the psychologist John Ridley Stroop showed there is a danger of 3 when the brain receives unexpected information while carrying out a routine task. To see what he found, try this exercise: Say the name of each shape in Column 1 out loud. Then, do the same for Column 2. Then, do the same for Column 3. Most likely you completed the first column 4 , went a bit slower in the second column and hesitated, or even made an error, in the third column. Because you are much quicker at reading words out loud than naming shapes, you had difficulty 5 the incorrect information that you read. Of course, this exercise is a bit unnatural, but it shows that multitaskers are very likely to make mistakes and hesitate if they get interference from the 6 set of stimuli while switching between tasks. Research also suggests that switching between tasks significantly 7 completion. If the two tasks are very routine and not too much 8 — say, singing along to a new tune while milking a crying baby — the brain does not need to switch between the tasks because the two require different input channels. The humming requires listening and singing, while the milking requires sight and the use of arm and hand muscles. But when a similar kind of attention is needed, the pace 9 as the brain must switch back and forth between the two tasks. A study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology found that switching between tasks like solving math problems and identifying shapes increases time 10 , especially with unfamiliar tasks. The brain takes longer to switch and assign resources due to the need to activate different sets of rules for each task. This delay makes multitasking less 11 than focusing on one task.   12 , the brain shows less neural (神经的) activity when handling two complex tasks at the same time, leading to longer completion times. For example, multitaskers took 1.5 times longer to write a report and check email compared to those who did each task 13 . All these 14 do not mean that you should never “whistle while you work”. But what about the digital showoff who sits through a university lecture while text-messaging on a tiny mobile phone screen? Remind them of this: The 15 machinery of our digital world was most likely developed by very single-minded people concentrating intently on a single task. 1．A．hurry B．interfere C．negotiate D．concentrate 2．A．experience B．estimation C．evidence D．emphasis 3．A．disappointment B．injury C．misunderstanding D．error 4．A．accidentally B．innovatively C．effortlessly D．repeatedly 5．A．remembering B．ignoring C．generating D．withdrawing 6．A．internal B．diverse C．wrong D．weak 7．A．delays B．ensures C．monitors D．arranges 8．A．simple B．alike C．necessary D．interesting 9．A．slows B．increases C．varies D．continues 10．A．saved B．lost C．tracked D．found 11．A．popular B．complex C．efficient D．challenging 12．A．Fortunately B．Additionally C．Ultimately D．Alternatively 13．A．separately B．regularly C．vigorously D．originally 14．A．requirements B．tasks C．concerns D．negatives 15．A．multitasking B．mechanical C．specialized D．packaging 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨人类在真正需要集中精力时，多任务处理是否能高效进行，并通过实验等证据阐述多任务处理存在干扰、延迟等问题。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但心理学家提出这样一个问题：当人类真正需要集中精力时，同时处理多项任务能做到既有效又高效吗？A. hurry匆忙；B. interfere干扰；C. negotiate协商；D. concentrate集中精力。根据前文“Do multitasking humans operate effectively and efficiently”可知，这里问多任务处理在需要 集中注意力”时是否有效。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：证据表明答案是否定的。A. experience经历；B. estimation估计；C. evidence证据；D. emphasis强调。根据后文“the answer is no”以及后文通过实验等说明多任务处理的问题，这些是证明答案是否定的证据，故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：20世纪30年代，心理学家约翰·里德利·斯特鲁普（John Ridley Stroop）表明，当大脑在执行常规任务时接收到意外信息，就存在出错的风险。A. disappointment失望；B. injury受伤；C. misunderstanding误解；D. error错误。根据后文“or even made an error, in the third column.”可知，做的实验中人们在第三列容易出错，所以这里是存在出错风险，故选D。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：很可能你毫不费力地完成了第一列，在第二列速度慢了一些，而在第三列犹豫了，甚至出了错。A. accidentally偶然地；B. innovatively创新地；C. effortlessly毫不费力地；D. repeatedly反复地。根据后文“went a bit slower in the second column and hesitated, or even made an error, in the third column.”可知，在第二列变慢，第三列出错，可知第一列完成得轻松，故选C。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为你大声读单词比说出形状名称要快得多，所以你很难忽略读到的错误信息。A. remembering记住；B. ignoring忽略；C. generating产生；D. withdrawing撤回。根据前文“Because you are much quicker at reading words out loud than naming shapes,”可知，在实验中因为读单词快，所以难以忽略单词信息，从而在说形状名称时受干扰，故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，这个练习有点不自然，但它表明，多任务处理者在任务之间切换时，如果受到错误刺激的干扰，很可能会犯错和犹豫。A. internal内部的；B. diverse多样的；C. wrong错误的；D. weak弱的。根据前文“multitaskers are very likely to make mistakes”可知，读单词对于说形状名称来说是错误的刺激，导致多任务处理者出错，故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究还表明，在任务之间切换会显著延迟完成时间。A. delays延迟；B. ensures确保；C. monitors监控；D. arranges安排。根据前文“switching between tasks significantly”以及后文“A study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology found that switching between tasks like solving math problems and identifying shapes increases time.”提到切换任务会增加时间可知。是延迟完成，故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果这两项任务非常常规，且不太相似——比如说，一边给哭闹的婴儿喂奶，一边跟着新曲调哼唱——大脑不需要在任务之间切换，因为这两项任务需要不同的输入渠道。A. simple简单的；B. alike相似的；C. necessary必要的；D. interesting有趣的。根据后文“say, singing along to a new tune while milking a crying baby—the brain does not need to switch between the tasks because the two require different input channels.”可知，举例两项任务需要不同输入渠道，大脑无需切换，可知是说任务不太相似，故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当需要类似的注意力时，速度会减慢，因为大脑必须在两项任务之间来回切换。A. slows减慢；B. increases增加；C. varies变化；D. continues继续。根据前文说切换任务会延迟完成以及后文“as the brain must switch back and forth between the two tasks.”可知，这里类似注意力需求下大脑要切换任务，所以速度减慢。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：《实验心理学杂志》（Journal of Experimental Psychology）上的一项研究发现，在解决数学问题和识别形状等任务之间切换会增加时间消耗，尤其是对于不熟悉的任务。A. saved节省；B. lost失去，消耗；C. tracked追踪；D. found发现。根据前文“Research also suggests that switching between tasks significantly_____ completion.”说切换任务延迟完成，可知是增加时间消耗，故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种延迟使得多任务处理不如专注于一项任务高效。A. popular流行的；B. complex复杂的；C. efficient高效的；D. challenging有挑战性的。根据前文“The brain takes longer to switch and assign resources due to the need to activate different sets of rules for each task.”说切换任务延迟完成，所以多任务处理不如专注一项任务高效，故选C。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，当大脑同时处理两项复杂任务时，神经活动会减少，导致完成时间更长。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Additionally此外；C. Ultimately最终；D. Alternatively或者。这里进一步说明多任务处理的问题，用additionally表示递进，故选B。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，与分别完成每项任务的人相比，同时处理多项任务的人写报告和查看电子邮件的时间要多出1.5倍。A. separately分别地；B. regularly定期地；C. vigorously精力充沛地；D. originally最初地。根据前文“For example, multitaskers took 1.5 times longer to write a report and check email compared to those”可知，这里是将多任务处理和分别完成任务的时间作对比，故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有这些负面影响并不意味着你永远不应该“边工作边吹口哨”（一心二用）。A. requirements要求；B. tasks任务；C. concerns担忧；D. negatives负面影响。根据前文“For example, multitaskers took 1.5 times longer to write a report and check email compared to those who did each task_____.”以及前文提到多任务处理的干扰、延迟等问题，这些都是负面影响，故选D。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：提醒他们这一点：我们数字世界的多任务处理机制很可能是由非常专注于单一任务的人精心开发出来的。A. multitasking多任务处理的；B. mechanical机械的；C. specialized专门的；D. packaging包装的。根据前文“Do multitasking”可知，文章围绕多任务处理展开，这里说数字世界的多任务处理机制，故选A。 (12) Keeping Up With “Irrelevant” News Today’s world is something of a contradiction. Even though we are being given access to more information than ever before, we are 1 enough becoming less informed. As we scroll through thousands of postings each day on social media, we see lots of gossip about celebrities and read people’s opinions about various issues. However, because we can now “choose (whether being forced to or not)” the news we read, we may be missing the news we “need.” According to a new survey released by Gallup, about 58% of Americans get their news from online sources, 38% from television and radio, and only 3% from printed newspapers and magazines. In Shanghai, we can also see the evidence of this drop in print media readership with the 2 of the red kiosks (书报亭) that used to be ubiquitous (无处不在的) around the city. This is 3 , as I see it, since newspapers and magazines, which explain stories in more detail, are still one of the most reliable sources of news today. I got into the habit of reading news stories when I was in high school. Every morning I would 4 a copy of The Globe and Mail, a Canadian newspaper based in Toronto, and read through it during my lunch break. Both top stories on the front page and the small ones on the inside pages looked 5 to me. As an added 6 reading news stories everyday has made me feel better connected to the wider world. Last February, terrible earthquakes hit Turkey and Syria. News about this event spread like wildfire. Instead of seeing it as a tragic story in a faraway place that did not have an effect on other countries, the international community 7 stepped in to help. Within 48 hours rescue teams from around the world were sent to the stricken areas. They worked to save the lives of those who were trapped beneath the rubble of collapsed buildings and to help other survivors 8 the cold of winter by giving them medical aid and supplying them with the basic necessities of life. That being said, some may still argue that all news is, ultimately, 9 to them. It’s likely that few of us would be able to name a news story in the last month that helped us to make a more informed 10 in our personal lives. If there is something I’ve noticed about people, including myself, is that we are almost always poor at 11 between what is and is not “relevant.” For me, I never 12 that the habit of reading news stories would end up helping me with my schoolwork and that it would later help pave the path to my future career. By reading well-written newspaper articles, I was able to include some of the information in my essays and to 13 my own writing skills. 14 , the news allows us to understand the world and our place in it. But bear in mind that online news sources can be less reliable unless they are a(n) 15 source such as Xinhua or, of course, our very own SSP. 1．A．curiously B．fortunately C．interestingly D．strangely 2．A．disadvantage B．disappearance C．disapproval D．disconnection 3．A．meaningful B．necessary C．reasonable D．unfortunate 4．A．hand out B．pick up C．show off D．throw away 5．A．abstract B．boring C．fascinating D．weird 6．A．bonus B．chance C．priority D．task 7．A．hesitantly B．instantly C．pleasantly D．reluctantly 8．A．celebrate B．endure C．record D．realize 9．A．immoral B．insignificant C．irrelevant D．unbelievable 10．A．complaint B．decision C．effort D．mistake 11．A．balancing B．distinguishing C．regulating D．switching 12．A．announced B．expected C．learned D．suggested 13．A．abandon B．boast C．improve D．share 14．A．By contrast B．For instance C．In short D．On average 15．A．controversial B．established C．independent D．profitable 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．B 11．B 12．B 13．C 14．C 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了如今信息虽多，人们却反而消息闭塞，纸质媒体日渐衰落令人惋惜。作者坚持读报，认为新闻能拓宽视野、提升能力，还呼吁大家关注权威、可靠的新闻来源。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管我们如今能够获取到比以往任何时候都多的信息，但奇怪的是，我们的知识水平却在下降。A. curiously好奇地；B. fortunately幸运地；C. interestingly有趣地；D. strangely奇怪地。根据上文“Even though we are being given access to more information than ever before”以及后文“enough becoming less informed”可知，前后是矛盾、反差，指尽管我们如今能够获取到比以往任何时候都多的信息，但奇怪的是，我们的知识水平却在下降。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在上海，我们还能看到印刷媒体读者数量下降的迹象，那就是那些曾经遍布全城的红色售报亭如今已消失。A. disadvantage缺点；B. disappearance消失；C. disapproval不赞成；D. disconnection断开。根据后文“the red kiosks that used to be ubiquitous around the city.”以及常识可知，那些曾经遍布全城的红色售报亭如今已不复存在了、消失了。故选B。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我看来，这实在是一件令人遗憾的事，因为报纸和杂志能够更详细地解读新闻内容，而它们仍是当今最可靠的新闻来源之一。A. meaningful有意义的；B. necessary必要的；C. reasonable合理的；D. unfortunate不幸的。根据后文“since newspapers and magazines, which explain stories in more detail, are still one of the most reliable sources of news today”可知，作者认为报纸和杂志能够更详细地解读新闻内容，而它们仍是当今最可靠的新闻来源之一，所以消失是一件不幸的事。故选D。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：每天早上我都会去拿一份《环球邮报》（这是一家总部位于多伦多的加拿大报纸），然后在午餐时间通读这份报纸。A. hand out分发；B. pick up取走，捡起；C. show off炫耀；D. throw away扔掉。根据后文“a copy of The Globe and Mail, a Canadian newspaper based in Toronto, and read through it during my lunch break”可知，作者有早上取报纸阅读的习惯。故选B。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：报纸头版的两篇大新闻以及内页上的几篇小新闻在我看来都极具吸引力。A. abstract抽象的；B. boring无聊的；C. fascinating迷人的；D. weird怪异的。根据上文“since newspapers and magazines, which explain stories in more detail, are still one of the most reliable sources of news today”可知，作者喜欢读报，态度是正面，即新闻具有吸引力。故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另外，每天阅读新闻报道这一做法让我感觉与更广阔的世界的联系更加紧密了。每天阅读新闻报道这一习惯让我感觉与更广阔的世界的联系更加紧密了。A. bonus奖金；B. chance机会；C. priority优先事项；D. task任务。根据前文“Every morning I would________ a copy of The Globe and Mail”和后文“reading news stories everyday has made me feel better connected to the wider world”可知，作者每天读报，读报让我和世界联系更紧密。可推断除了获取信息之外，多出来的一个好处，added bonus 是一个固定搭配，意思是：额外的好处、附加的益处。故选A。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：国际社会并未将其视为发生在遥远国度的悲惨事件，且该事件并未对其他国家产生任何影响，而是立刻采取行动伸出援手。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. instantly立即；C. pleasantly愉快地；D. reluctantly不情愿地。根据上文“Last February, terrible earthquakes hit Turkey and Syria. News about this event spread like wildfire.(去年二月，土耳其和叙利亚遭遇了严重的地震。关于这一事件的消息迅速传遍了各地)”可知，地震后救援强调迅速。故选B。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们努力拯救那些被困在倒塌建筑物废墟之下的人的生命，并通过提供医疗援助和提供基本生活必需品来帮助其他幸存者抵御冬季的严寒。A. celebrate庆祝；B. endure熬过，忍受；C. record记录；D. realize意识到。根据后文“the cold of winter by giving them medical aid and supplying them with the basic necessities of life”可知，需要提供帮助来帮助其他幸存者抵御冬季的严寒。endure the cold of winter“忍受冬天的寒冷、抵御寒冬、熬过寒冬”。故选B。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：话虽如此，但仍有部分人可能会认为，归根结底，所有的新闻对他们而言都毫不相干。A. immoral不道德的；B. insignificant无关紧要的；C. irrelevant不相关的；D. unbelievable难以置信的。根据文章标题“Keeping Up With “Irrelevant” News(紧跟“无关紧要”的新闻报道)”可知，部分人可能会认为，归根结底，所有的新闻对他们而言都毫不相干。后文“between what is and is not “relevant.””也是提示。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：很可能我们当中没有多少人能说出上个月有哪一则新闻报道对我们个人生活中的决策有所帮助。A. complaint抱怨；B. decision决定；C. effort努力；D. mistake错误。根据上文“helped us to make a more informed”可知，很少有人能说出上个月哪条新闻帮自己做出更有依据的决定。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果说我对人（包括我自己）有什么观察心得的话，那就是我们几乎总是难以区分哪些是“相关的”，哪些是“不相关的”。A. balancing平衡；B. distinguishing区分；C. regulating调节；D. switching切换。根据后文“between what is and is not “relevant.””可知，需要区分哪些是“相关的”，哪些是“不相关的”。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，我从未想过阅读新闻报道的习惯最终会对我学业有所帮助，而且后来还会为我未来的职业发展铺平道路。A. announced宣布；B. expected预期；C. learned学习；D. suggested建议。根据后文“that the habit of reading news stories would end up helping me with my schoolwork and that it would later help pave the path to my future career”可知，作者从未预料到读报的习惯会对学业和未来职业有帮助。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过阅读文笔出色的报纸文章，我得以将其中的一些内容融入到我的文章中，并且还能够提高自己的写作技能。A. abandon放弃；B. boast吹嘘；C. improve改进；D. share分享。根据上文“I was able to include some of the information in my essays and to”可知，作者能把信息用在作文里，并提高自己的写作技巧。故选C。 14．考查介词短语辨析。句意：总之，这些新闻让我们能够了解这个世界以及我们在其中的位置。A. By contrast相比之下；B. For instance例如；C. In short总之；D. On average平均。根据后文“the news allows us to understand the world and our place in it”可知，此处为总结，指简言之，新闻让我们理解世界和自身位置。故选C。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但请记住，网络新闻来源的可信度可能较低，除非它们是像新华社这样的独立媒体，当然，还有我们自己的SSP也是如此。A. controversial有争议的；B. established既定的；C. independent独立的；D. profitable有利可图的。根据后文“source such as Xinhua or, of course, our very own SSP”可知，网络新闻不太可靠，除非是像新华社这样的独立媒体。故选C。 (13) Like many of the researchers who study how people find their way from place to place, David Uttal is a poor navigator. The world is full of people like Uttal — and their 1 , the folks who always seem to know exactly where they are. Scientists sometimes measure navigational ability by asking someone to point toward an out-of-sight location — or, more 2 , to imagine they are someplace else and point in the direction of a third location — and it's obvious that some people are better at it than others. “People are never perfect, but someone can be as 3 as single-degree off, which is incredible,” says Nora Newcombe, a cognitive psychologist at Temple University, But others, when asked to indicate the target’s direction, seem to point at random. “They have literally no idea where it is. ” While it’s easy to show that people 4 in navigational ability, it has proved much harder for scientists to explain why. Research suggests that to some extent, navigation skills are shaped by 5 . The importance of a person’s environment is underscored by a recent look at the role of 6 in navigation. In 2020, Margherita Malanchini, a psychologist at Queen Mary University of London, and her colleagues compared the performance of more than 2,600 identical and nonidentical twins as they navigated through a virtual environment, to test whether navigational ability runs in families. It does, they found but only 7 . Instead, the biggest contributor to people's performance was what geneticists call “nonshared environmental factors” — that is, the 8 experiences each person accumulates as their life unfolds. 9 factors were also associated with wayfinding skills, they found. 10 , people from Nordic countries tended to be slightly better navigators. It is perhaps because the sport of cross-country running is 11 in those countries. Country folk did better, on average, than people from cities. And among city-dwellers, those from cities with 12 street networks such as those in the older parts of European cities did better than those from cities like Chicago, where the streets form a regular grid. Results like these suggest that an individual’s life experience may be one of the biggest determinants of how well they navigate. 13 , many even underlie one of the most consistent findings — and cliches — in navigation: that men tend to perform better than women turns out this gender gap is more a question of culture and experience than of 14 ability. Nordic countries, for example, where gender equality is greatest, show almost no difference in navigation. In contrast, men far outperform women in places where women face cultural 15 imposed on exploring their environment on their own, such as Middle Eastern countries. 1．A．opposites B．counterparts C．admirers D．rivals 2．A．systematic B．challenging C．surprising D．realistic 3．A．precise B．reliable C．responsible D．crucial 4．A．engage B．struggle C．develop D．differ 5．A．practice B．upbringing C．nature D．tradition 6．A．memory B．cognition C．behavior D．genetics 7．A．predictably B．gradually C．modestly D．mistakenly 8．A．concrete B．practical C．unique D．valuable 9．A．Political B．Ecological C．Economic D．Cultural 10．A．For example B．As such C．After all D．By contrast 11．A．recreational B．extreme C．popular D．competitive 12．A．narrow B．chaotic C．efficient D．extensive 13．A．Therefore B．Indeed C．However D．Otherwise 14．A．inborn B．intellectual C．spatial D．academic 15．A．identities B．expectations C．differences D．restrictions 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．D 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．B 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了导航能力存在个体差异，且受成长环境、文化等多种非遗传因素影响。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界上有很多像乌塔尔这样的人——还有他们的对立面，那些似乎总是确切知道自己位置的人。A. opposites对立面；B. counterparts对应的人/物；C. admirers崇拜者；D. rivals对手。根据上文“David Uttal is a poor navigator.”和下文“the folks who always seem to know exactly where they are”可知，此处指两种截然相反的人。故选A。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科学家有时通过让某人指向一个看不见的地方来测量导航能力——或者，更具挑战性的是，让他们想象自己在另一个地方，并指向第三个地方的方向——很明显，有些人在这方面比其他人更好。A. systematic系统的；B. challenging有挑战性的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. realistic现实的。根据下文“to imagine they are someplace else and point in the direction of a third location”可知，让某人想象自己在另一个地方，并指向第三个地方的方向，这是更具挑战性的测量导航能力的方式。故选B。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人从来都不是完美的，但有人可以精确到偏差只有一度，这令人难以置信。A. precise精确的；B. reliable可靠的；C. responsible负责的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据下文“as single-degree off, which is incredible”可知，此处指有人可以精确到偏差只有一度。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然很容易证明人们在导航能力上存在差异，但科学家们要解释为什么却要困难得多。A. engage参与；B. struggle挣扎；C. develop发展；D. differ不同。根据上文“But others, when asked to indicate the target’s direction, seem to point at random. “They have literally no idea where it is. ””可知，人们在导航能力上存在差异。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，在某种程度上，导航能力是由先天因素塑造的。A. practice练习；B. upbringing教养，成长环境；C. nature自然；D. tradition传统。根据下文实验探究“to test whether navigational ability runs in families.”可知，此处先提及导航能力可能与先天因素相关，为下文基因研究做铺垫。故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2020年，伦敦大学玛丽皇后学院的心理学家玛格丽塔·马拉基尼和她的同事比较了2600多对同卵和非同卵双胞胎在虚拟环境中的导航表现，以测试导航能力是否在家族中遗传。A. memory记忆；B. cognition认知；C. behavior行为；D. genetics遗传学。根据下文“In 2020, Margherita Malanchini, a psychologist at Queen Mary University of London, and her colleagues compared the performance of more than 2,600 identical and nonidentical twins as they navigated through a virtual environment, to test whether navigational ability runs in families.”可知，研究双胞胎是为了测试导航能力是否在家族中遗传。故选D。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们发现确实如此，但只是适度相关。A. predictably可预测地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. modestly适度地；D. mistakenly错误地。根据下文“Instead, the biggest contributor to people’s performance was what geneticists call “nonshared environmental factors””可知，导航能力在家族中遗传只是适度相关。故选C。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，对人们表现的最大贡献是遗传学家所说的“非共享环境因素”，也就是说，每个人在生活中积累的独特经历。A. concrete具体的；B. practical实际的；C. unique独特的；D. valuable有价值的。根据上文“the biggest contributor to people’s performance was what geneticists call “nonshared environmental factors””可知，非共享环境因素指的是每个人在生活中积累的独特经历。故选C。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，文化因素也与寻路技能有关。A. Political政治的；B. Ecological生态的；C. Economic经济的；D. Cultural文化的。根据下文“people from Nordic countries tended to be slightly better navigators”以及“that men tend to perform better than women turns out this gender gap is more a question of culture and experience than of ____ ability.”可知，文化因素与寻路技能有关。故选D。 10．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，北欧国家的人往往是稍微好一点的导航员。A. For example例如；B. As such就其本身而言；C. After all毕竟；D. By contrast相比之下。根据下文“people from Nordic countries tended to be slightly better navigators”可知，此处是在举例说明文化因素与寻路技能有关。故选A。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能是因为越野跑在这些国家很受欢迎。A. recreational娱乐的；B. extreme极端的；C. popular受欢迎的；D. competitive竞争的。根据上文“It is perhaps because the sport of cross-country running”以及语境可知，此处表示原因可能是越野跑在北欧国家很受欢迎。故选C。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在城市居民中，那些来自街道网络混乱的城市（如欧洲城市的老城区）的人比那些来自像芝加哥这样街道形成规则网格的城市的人表现得更好。A. narrow狭窄的；B. chaotic混乱的；C. efficient高效的；D. extensive广泛的。根据下文“such as those in the older parts of European cities did better than those from cities like Chicago, where the streets form a regular grid.”可知，此处是在对比欧洲城市老城区街道网络的混乱与芝加哥街道的规则网格。故选B。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这些结果甚至可能构成导航领域一个最为一致、也最为陈词滥调的发现——即男性往往比女性表现更好——背后的原因；这一性别差距与其说是与生俱来的能力差异，不如说更多是文化和经验所致。A. Therefore因此；B. Indeed确实；C. However然而；D. Otherwise否则。根据下文“many even underlie one of the most consistent findings — and cliches — in navigation”可知，这是对上文“an individual’s life experience may be one of the biggest determinants of how well they navigate”的进一步说明，表示事实如此。故选B。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，许多甚至是一个在导航方面最一致的发现——以及陈词滥调——的基础：男性往往比女性表现得更好，结果发现，这种性别差距与其说是与生俱来的能力问题，不如说是文化和经验问题。A. inborn天生的；B. intellectual智力的；C. spatial空间的；D. academic学术的。根据上文“that men tend to perform better than women turns out this gender gap is more a question of culture and experience than”可知，性别差距不是天生的能力问题，而是文化和经验问题。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，在女性面临独自探索环境所受到的文化限制的地方，如中东国家，男性的表现远远好于女性。A. identities身份；B. expectations期待；C. differences差异；D. restrictions限制。根据下文“imposed on exploring their environment on their own”可知，此处指女性面临独自探索环境所受到的文化限制。故选D。 (14) “Modern Art” describes art created from the 1860s to the 1970s, including works by famous artists like Vincent Van Gogh, Paul Cezanne, and Pablo Picasso. This period marked a 1 from traditional art, focusing instead on experimentation and new ideas about materials and techniques.Two 2 figures from this era are Robert Rauschenberg and Andy Warhol. While Warhol became widely famous, Rauschenberg is better known within art circles. Robert Rauschenberg, born in Port Arthur, Texas, in 1925, grew up in a town with little 3 inspiration. Despite his father’s 4 of support for his art, his mother encouraged him. Rauschenberg moved to California in 1944, eager to escape his industrial hometown. 5 , Andy Warhol, born in Pittsburgh in 1928, was close to his mother due to his frequent illnesses. Although he missed much school, this time was crucial for developing his artistic skills. He later attended Carnegie Institute, marking his entry into the art world. Both artists eventually moved to New York, which, by the 1950s, was the new center for avant-garde art. Both Rauschenberg and Warhol shared a brave approach to art, adopting popular culture and 6 traditional ideas about what art could be. Rauschenberg was known for his 7 media works, using unconventional materials like metal, glass, and even found objects like socks and car parts. His 1953 piece, “Automobile Tire Print”, was a groundbreaking work that helped establish his 8 in art history. Warhol, on the other hand, gained fame with his “Campbell’s Soup Can” series. His artwork included everyday items, making art more relatable and 9 . Warhol also created famous portraits of celebrities like Marilyn Monroe and Elvis Presley. His 1964 exhibition of sculpture, featuring imitation supermarket products like Brillo and Heinz, further challenged conventional art forms and 10 his reputation. Both artists extended their 11 beyond traditional media. Rauschenberg cooperated with musicians, dancers, and even scientists, expanding the definition of art. His approach has been described as “the wind blowing through the art world”, constantly innovating. Warhol also 12 music, film, and Performance Art. His multimedia show,“The Exploding Plastic Inevitable”, was notable for its lighting innovations that influenced rock concerts. Despite their 13 careers, their paths differed in terms of public engagement. Warhol 14 publicity, wrote books, and socialized with celebrities, while Rauschenberg preferred to stay out of the limelight. Although Warhol’s work is highly commercial and instantly 15 , Rauschenberg’s contributions remain significant for their originality and impact on Modern Art. 1．A．request B．present C．shift D．warning 2．A．literary B．influential C．official D．local 3．A．sudden B．artistic C．seasonal D．permanent 4．A．level B．means C．lack D．nature 5．A．Similarly B．Unfortunately C．Strangely D．Eventually 6．A．expressing B．challenging C．evaluating D．maintaining 7．A．mixed B．regional C．digital D．free 8．A．claim B．place C．business D．version 9．A．accessible B．luxurious C．traditional D．decorative 10．A．damaged B．restored C．solidified D．assessed 11．A．search B．function C．authority D．creativity 12．A．provided B．explored C．sold D．replaced 13．A．conventional B．successful C．temporary D．independent 14．A．explained B．avoided C．doubted D．sought 15．A．recognizable B．realizable C．effective D．productive 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍现代艺术，重点讲述两位有影响力的艺术家劳森伯格和沃霍尔，他们突破传统、融合多元创作，风格与公众关注度不同却都影响深远。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个时期标志着从传统艺术的转变，转而聚焦于实验探索，以及关于材料与技法的全新理念。A. request请求；B. present礼物；C.$ 2026届最新高考模拟三轮冲刺（上海专用） 完形填空专练15篇 (1) In ancient history, the soldiers of Sparta were known for their strong commitment to the group. It is believed that they fought fearlessly because they put the 1 above any individual soldier. This idea of 2 oneself for the community can also be observed in the tiny world of bacteria. Scientists have recently discovered how a bacterial 3 system, named SPARDA, uses a similar strategy to protect bacterial groups from virus attacks. A new study, led by biochemist Mindaugas Zaremba at Vilnius University, published in Cell Research, explained how this system works on a 4 level. By studying SPARDA in different bacteria, the team identified an important part of the system they called the beta-relay. The beta-relay works like a 5 in the SPARDA system. When there is no danger, it stays “off,” and the proteins in it remain 6 . Once foreign DNA, such as a virus, is 7 , the beta-relay changes its shape and turns “on.” This transformation allows its proteins to connect with each other, forming long chains to 8 the enemy as well as the host. “SPARDA systems were demonstrated to protect bacteria from viruses by degrading the DNA of both 9 cells and viruses. They killed the host but at the same time prevented further spread of the infection within the bacterial population.” Zaremba said. SPARDA is essential for bacterial defense, but Zaremba’s team argues that the system could also help 10 in medical diagnosis. SPARDA is the final line for bacterial cells, which is activated only when an infection is present. Therefore, SPARDA includes an accurate 11 mechanism for spotting foreign DNA that would launch self-destruction. Researchers could 12 the system for medical diagnostics, Zaremba suggested, which means the beta-relay could be altered to function only when the target gene is identified. 13 , imagine it would react only to the genetic material of HIV. But the benefits of SPARDA don’t stop there. Traditional diagnostic tools have an obvious 14 : they can only work when viruses contain a specific genetic code called PAM. “We already know that SPARDA systems do not require PAM,” Zaremba said. “This makes SPARDA more 15 , and it could help scientists detect a wider variety of germs and viruses. Understanding how this system works may help us solve some of the big challenges in science.” 1．A．king B．battle C．state D．honour 2．A．enjoying B．protecting C．celebrating D．sacrificing 3．A．control B．defense C．network D．information 4．A．micro B．global C．practical D．historical 5．A．bridge B．barrier C．switch D．vehicle 6．A．inactive B．unsure C．available D．energetic 7．A．revised B．detected C．released D．eliminated 8．A．destroy B．restore C．examine D．identify 9．A．infected B．healthy C．foreign D．unknown 10．A．humans B．planets C．organisms D．ecosystems 11．A．regulation B．measurement C．recognition D．transportation 12．A．reduce B．return C．reproduce D．repurpose 13．A．In fact B．As a result C．In addition D．For example 14．A．danger B．feature C．advantage D．limitation 15．A．rigid B．risky C．flexible D．innovative (2) As the holiday season draws near, one category on people’s gift lists is causing increasing concern: products with artificial intelligence. The development has raised new concerns about the dangers smart toys could pose to 1 , as consumer advocacy groups say AI could harm kids’ safety and development. The trend has 2 calls for increased testing of such products and governmental oversight. Last month, those fears were given disturbing 3 when an AI-equipped teddy bear started discussing topics inappropriate for children. The product, FoloToy’s Kumma, ran on an AI model and suggested role play as ways to enhance a relationship, according to the Public Interest Research Group (PIRG), the consumer protection organization behind the study. “It took very little effort to get it to go into all kinds of 4 topics; and probably a lot of content that parents would not want their children to 5 ,” said Teresa Murray, PIRG director. Murray said AI toys could be particularly dangerous because whereas earlier smart toys provided children-programmed responses, a bot can “have a free-flowing conversation with a child and there are no 6 ”. Companies also use the AI toys to collect 7 from children and have not been open about what they are doing with that information. That potentially puts users 8 because of a lack of security around such data. 9 such concerns, the Public Interest Research Group is not calling for a ban on AI toys. Some could have 10 value, such as helping children learn a second language or state capitals. There needs to be more independent research conducted to ensure the products are safe for children and, until that is done, they should be 11 shelves, Murray said. AI toys are being marketed to families as safe and even beneficial to learning before their impact has been 12 by independent research. By contrast, 13 teddy bears and toys have been proven to benefit children’s development with none of the risks of AI toys. Mattel, a toy company, stated that they are concerned about “the impact of AI toys on 14 mental health” and that “its first products with AI are not intended for users under 13”, adding: “AI enhances — not 15 — traditional play, and we are emphasizing safety, privacy, creativity and responsible innovation.” 1．A．companies B．schools C．seniors D．children 2．A．generated B．answered C．avoided D．delayed 3．A．imagination B．justification C．hesitation D．assumption 4．A．academic B．attractive C．sensitive D．technical 5．A．be opposed to B．be exposed to C．be related to D．be applied to 6．A．advantages B．connections C．boundaries D．resources 7．A．data B．feedback C．prizes D．opinions 8．A．at ease B．at length C．at risk D．at fault 9．A．Beyond B．Besides C．Despite D．Unlike 10．A．commercial B．educational C．geometric D．geographic 11．A．taken on B．sent off C．pulled from D．wiped off 12．A．assessed B．witnessed C．replaced D．overlooked 13．A．antique B．expensive C．electronic D．offline 14．A．masses’ B．minors’ C．majors’ D．majorities’ 15．A．replaces B．reserves C．resolves D．reverses (3) When AI Teammates Come on Board, Performance Drops Researchers studied the impact of artificial intelligence on team functioning. They asked 110 two-person groups to play 12 rounds of a video game in which participants had to collect ingredients for a recipe. After the first six rounds, one member of some teams was 1 by an intelligent agent. Over the next six rounds, those groups gathered, on average, three fewer ingredients than groups that remained in their original 2 . The conclusion: When AI teammates come on board, performance drops. 3 studies have already explored the impact of artificial intelligence on individual and firm productivity, but the researchers aimed to understand how AI affects organizational teams internally. 4 , most work is done in teams. They were curious about the consequences of adding intelligent agents to teams, not just for the people interacting directly with those agents. The researchers also sought to examine what impact it had on the behavior and attitudes of colleagues who 5 those interactions. In the rounds of individual play, the AI players proved far superior to human players. In fact, only 3% of human players 6 the AI players. The team results were a different story. In the initial round after the AI players joined, teams with an AI member gathered 8% fewer ingredients, on average, than teams that kept their 7 members. The performance 8 narrowed by half over the next four rounds and disappeared in the final round. But even if short-lived, a 4% drop in performance is significant, 9 for a large organization with multiple AI projects underway. Despite the AI’s superior individual performance and the fact that 10 were given to the entire team if it performed well, 84% of respondents preferred to play with their human teammates. Surveys of participants showed that AI reduces team sociability and thus 11 members’ motivation, effort, and trust. Interestingly, all-human teams playing alongside an AI-and-human team also saw drops in performance in the first round after the teammate change. These 12 contributed equally to the overall productivity loss. This is called the spillover effect, similar to what happens in an organization when an employee departs and 13 cooperative practices are upset. 14 and processes are disturbed, which harms performance. The same was true in the experiment. Those teams, despite not undergoing a direct change, encountered indirect challenges in 15 to the new AI-influenced dynamics within the interconnected environment. 1．A．defeated B．dominated C．replaced D．imitated 2．A．position B．composition C．technique D．resource 3．A．Subsequent B．Prior C．Primitive D．Comprehensive 4．A．In turn B．By contrast C．After all D．For instance 5．A．observed B．recorded C．facilitated D．demanded 6．A．underdid B．overestimated C．underrated D．outperformed 7．A．original B．senior C．cooperative D．core 8．A．level B．gap C．style D．standard 9．A．specially B．specifically C．especially D．inevitably 10．A．titles B．warnings C．assistances D．rewards 11．A．boosts B．shapes C．lessens D．reflects 12．A．paces B．declines C．traces D．rises 13．A．forced B．matched C．varied D．established 14．A．Routines B．Transitions C．Occupations D．Elements 15．A．applying B．objecting C．sticking D．adapting (4) How Archaeology Changed from Digging to Protecting The word “archaeology” comes from the Greek word arkhaios, which means “ancient.” Although some archaeologists study living 1 , most focus on the distant past. For thousands of years, people have searched for and dug up ancient monuments, often not as scholars but as grave robbers whose only goal was to steal valuables quickly, caring little about the structures around them. Their actions 2 caused damage to historical sites. In ancient Egypt, grave robbing was so common that many tombs had hidden rooms where families placed treasures. This problem 3 for centuries. In the 1800s, the tomb of Pharaoh (法老) Ramses I, who ruled briefly in the 1290s BCE, was discovered and stolen. It contained pottery, paintings, sculptures, and the pharaoh’s mummy, which eventually ended up in a museum before being returned to Egypt in 2003. 4 , grave robbers never discovered the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, also known as King Tut. His resting place lay 5 for thousands of years until it was discovered in 1922. The tomb contained the mummies of Tutankhamun and his family, along with thousands of artifacts (文物), providing 6 insights into ancient Egyptian life. It remains one of the most well-known archaeological 7 in history. Early archaeology was also closely linked to 8 and colonial (殖民的) power. When Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt in 1798, he brought artists and scholars to document the conquest, while his troops 9 hundreds of tons of artifacts, many of which now fill the Louvre. Similarly, wealthy adventurers from Western colonial powers 10 digs in Greece and elsewhere. Although they were often genuinely interested in the past, their work was 11 to colonialism, as seen in the case of the Elgin Marbles, which Greece has long requested returned as part of its cultural heritage. Such activities highlight both the historical fascination with ancient civilizations and the ethical (伦理的) challenges that 12 early archaeology. Over time, archaeology became more 13 . Scientists began using standard measurements and formalized methods for recording and removing artifacts. Detailed drawings of dig sites and individual items became standard, and archaeologists collaborated with historians and linguists to create a unified 14 of the past. In the 20th century, archaeologists also 15 their ethical responsibilities. Today, most countries recognize that archaeological remains belong to the nation where they are found, reflecting a growing respect for cultural heritage and the protection of history. 1．A．sculptures B．cultures C．populations D．creatures 2．A．barely B．randomly C．inevitably D．slightly 3．A．persisted B．burst C．emerged D．arose 4．A．Similarly B．What’s more C．As a result D．By contrast 5．A．undervalued B．unsupervised C．misinterpreted D．undisturbed 6．A．innocent B．invaluable C．greedy D．artificial 7．A．features B．reserves C．finds D．regrets 8．A．voluntary B．literal C．military D．religious 9．A．celebrated B．donated C．removed D．launched 10．A．drew on B．carried out C．depended on D．objected to 11．A．delivered B．opposed C．unexposed D．tied 12．A．accompanied B．diversified C．branded D．embraced 13．A．theoretical B．mysterious C．transitional D．systematic 14．A．instinct B．rhythm C．prediction D．picture 15．A．denied B．simplified C．reassessed D．misrepresented (5) Dressing for Success Oliver knew that clothes make the man. As the CEO of a successful tech startup, he made it a 1 to dress the part, always looking professional. Today, he was dressed to kill in a blue suit, white shirt and silk tie. He was ready to introduce his company’s latest innovation to some 2 investors. Oliver’s assistant, Emma, was in the office early, 3 everything was set for the presentation. She also had a genius for fashion and always looked perfect, even when she was doing 4 tasks. Today, she was dressed to the nines in a fashionable black dress and high heels. When the investors arrived, Oliver noticed that Mr. Thompson was dressed somewhat out of fashion. He was wearing an out-of-date suit that had seen better days. But Oliver 5 himself to not judge a book by its cover. Mr. Thompson had a reputation for being an intelligent and wise investor 6 his old hat appearance. The meeting began, and Oliver 7 into his sales speech. He wore his heart on his sleeve as he spoke about the potential impact of his company’s new product. During the meeting, Oliver noticed that another investor, Ms. Delgado, seemed 8 with his presentation. She was known for her fashion-forward sense and often made a fashion statement with her 9 choices. Today was no different; she was wearing a striking red suit that turned heads. At the end of the presentation, the investors were visibly 10 . Mr. Thompson shook Oliver’s hand, “You’ve knocked our socks off. I see a bright future, and we want to be part of it.”   Ms. Delgado added, “I agree. You’ve 11 thought this through, and you even dress the part. It’s 12 to see someone who understands the power of a strong image.” Oliver thanked everyone and promised to keep them 13 . As the investors left, Emma turned to Oliver. “That was amazing. I think it’s safe to say we’re going 14 .” Oliver smiled. “Thanks, Emma. I couldn’t have done it without your support.” Oliver realized that while looking the part was important, having a team that supported you was 15 . They had shown that success came from a mixture of style, substance and enthusiasm. 1．A．proposal B．point C．schedule D．regulation 2．A．efficient B．long-term C．potential D．beneficial 3．A．making sure B．making a promise C．preparing for D．substituting for 4．A．special B．professional C．significant D．everyday 5．A．reminded B．obliged C．convinced D．doubted 6．A．in response to B．in addition to C．in spite of D．in case of 7．A．looked B．translated C．transferred D．launched 8．A．confused B．surprised C．exhausted D．taken 9．A．brave B．intelligent C．cautious D．critical 10．A．praised B．impressed C．enclosed D．trapped 11．A．willingly B．subjectively C．clearly D．objectively 12．A．inspiring B．disappointing C．astonishing D．demanding 13．A．fascinated B．relaxed C．amused D．updated 14．A．homes B．boards C．places D．forwards 15．A．protective B．invaluable C．cooperative D．ambitious (6) Try Paper-Based Crafting to Cut Through Overthinking Since being diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder as a teenager, I’ve turned to medication, talking therapy, and exercise to alleviate my symptoms. Still, I often find it hard to “switch off”, and stop 1 thoughts. But, recently, I discovered a new tool to slice through my anxiety. In a collage (拼贴画) workshop, I cut images from magazines, and pasted them on to paper. Playing around with pictures, scissors, and glue, I was transported back to more creative childhood days — and experienced a deep sense of 2 . 3 drawing or painting, there’s no certain level of artistic skill required for a collage, while the pressure to make something ‘perfect’ is removed. By remixing readymade visuals, I was able to 4 the voice of my inner critic, and feel a different kind of creative freedom. Alongside the simple joy of cutting and arranging images, I learned that the final 5 can be meaningful, too. According to artist and teacher Hazel Pit, we mentally store certain past images in our minds — and collage allows us to access them. “With its endless possibilities, collage really is an ideal tool for accessing the unconscious mind, and expressing yourself,” she says. Hazel’s students have been surprised by the emotions reflected back to them in their compositions. As she explains: “Collage can act as a 6 conduit (渠道，通道) for the inner self,” and anyone can experience its benefits by following these steps. Grab your tools Gather visually-rich materials, including magazines and newspapers, leaflets, old books, vintage postcards, and photographs. Searching for forgotten pictures can 7 new ideas and emotional revelations. You will also need glue and a pair of 8 . For the background, choose paper or card that suits your personal style, from a piece of white A5 to a leftover delivery box. Work with what you have! Follow your intuition Pick out your images 9 . “Don’t overthink it, or hold the end product in mind,” says Hazel. Drawing on psychotherapist Carl Jung’s theories about images as metaphors in healing, she advises: “Only choose something that resonates with you, sparking an emotional reaction, as this will give your collage substance.” You might be 10 to certain colours, textures, or details, as well as figures, words, or scenes. At this stage, tear out the pages which feature appealing pictures, and place them in a pile. Cut, slice, and tear Cut out your chosen images or experiment with tearing with your hands for rougher edges. This repetitive act requires concentration and is soothing. “Cutting will put you in a meditative space,” says Hazel, “as you stop thinking about 11 issues and exist in the present moment.” Play around with pictures Arrange, rearrange, and layer your images, testing different combinations. Without constraints, allow your intuition to guide you. This is the most expressive part of the process, so embrace it. Pin and paste Once you’re happy with the arrangement, glue it down. Small pins can also help keep your composition in 12 . Reflect on your collage Finally, take time to reflect upon your collage. Does the choice and arrangement of pictures hold 13 ? Days later, it may speak to you about feelings or thoughts that you didn’t realize were bubbling beneath the surface. Generally speaking, collage requires no special 14 skill. The pressure to make something “perfect” gradually disappears. Studies suggest that creative activities like collage can reduce anxiety and strengthen one’s sense of 15 . 1．A．innovative B．reflective C．intrusive D．passive 2．A．suspicion B．curiosity C．tension D．calm 3．A．In addition to B．In contrast to C．In spite of D．In place of 4．A．silence B．prompt C．obey D．question 5．A．combination B．composition C．conclusion D．complement 6．A．mental B．physiological C．physical D．visual 7．A．block B．spark C．spell D．underestimate 8．A．knives B．tools C．scissors D．devices 9．A．carefully B．logically C．randomly D．instinctively 10．A．forced B．drawn C．exposed D．introduced 11．A．internal B．personal C．external D．minor 12．A．order B．mind C．balance D．shape 13．A．popularity B．difficulty C．convenience D．significance 14．A．technical B．practical C．artistic D．professional 15．A．identity B．humor C．self D．responsibility (7) Lately, it’s been hard for Jack Innenan, a 22-year-old TikTok star from Toronto, to create content. “I feel like I’m 1 a keg (酒桶) that’s been empty for a year,” he said. Spending hours shooting, editing, storyboarding, 2 with fans, setting up brand deals and balancing the many other responsibilities that come with being a successful content creator have taken a toll. Mr. Innenan, like so many Gen Z influencers who 3 fame in the last year, is burned out. “I get to the point where I’m like, ‘I have to make a video today,’ and I spend the entire day 4 the process,” he said. He’s hardly the only one. Throughout 2020, social media 5 a new generation of young stars. Now, many of them say they have reached a 6 point. Burnout has affected generations of social media creators. In 2017, Instagram influencers began leaving the platform, saying they were feeling depressed and discouraged. In 2018, many large YouTube creators began stepping away from the platform, 7 mental health issues. But problems with burnout in the creator community are endemic. “If you slow down, you might disappear,” the YouTuber Olga Kay told Fast Company in 2014. When a fresh crop of young stars seeking fame and fortune began building audiences on TikTok in late 2019 and early 2020, many were 8 that this time would be different. Still, they weren’t prepared for the draining work of building, maintaining and 9 an audience. 10 , they have encountered all kinds of problems, including bullying harassment and discrimination. “Some creators get their content 11 too, so someone else will go viral off their content and get all the 12 ,” Mr. Harris said. To cope with depression, many TikTok creators have sought therapy and life coaching, or tried to be more 13 with their fans and friends about their struggles. A TikTok spokesperson wrote in an email statement, “We’re focused on understanding their individual content goals and experiences, and our teams continue to work to provide resources, support, and an open door for feedback.” But even the most 14 platforms can’t eliminate the hazards inherent in a creator’s job, or the pressure many creators put on themselves. “It feels like I personally am failing and may never recover if a 15 flops,” a TikTok creator said. 1．A．filling B．kicking C．rolling D．tapping 2．A．engaging B．identifying C．idling D．reacting 3．A．found B．lost C．rejected D．sought 4．A．anticipating B．conceiving C．dreading D．savoring 5．A．advertised B．approved C．minted D．replaced 6．A．boiling B．breaking C．bursting D．turning 7．A．citing B．concealing C．leaving D．treating 8．A．afraid B．assured C．hopeful D．suspicious 9．A．educating B．monetizing C．quarantining D．tricking 10．A．Above all B．Even worse C．As a result D．On the other hand 11．A．canceled B．followed C．robbed D．stolen 12．A．depression B．heat C．press D．tension 13．A．emotional B．friendly C．open D．optimistic 14．A．helpful B．innovative C．popular D．profitable 15．A．brand B．commercial C．platform D．video (8) Reading is not an instinct. As children, we have to start from scratch. We wire our brains to read by gradually enhancing links between the critical areas: those that recognise the visual form of letters, those that tell us what a word sounds like and how you 1 say it, and so on. Writing by hand helps to form these brain 2 . When we learn how to write, we use parts of the brain known as the motor cortices that control physical movements. When we read, those same areas are activated — suggesting we basically write words in our minds as we 3 them. Karin James of Indiana University in Bloomington has found that young children can recognise new letters more readily when they learn that letters by writing them 4 by typing or tracing. James has also shown that some brain regions that light up when adults read also become active in children 5 letters they’ve learned to print by hand — but not in children who’ve learned letters by typing them. This seems like strong evidence of the importance of handwriting, but James 6 that just because adults use certain circuitry (线路) to read does not necessarily mean it’s the only writing that could work. “Our brains are clearly 7 ,” she says, “It might be just fine to start typing — and for that you need a whole different brain network and learn how to read that way. We don’t know yet.” For now though, most studies suggest handwriting has a(n) 8 role to play. Marieke Long-camp at Aix-Marseille University in France has shown that when adults learned unfamiliar characters based on the Bengali and Gujarati alphabets either by writing or typing, those who 9 the letters remembered them better three weeks later. Part of the problem is that typing does not 10 in us the same understanding of character or letter forms as writing by hand. “If you show children just a single typical A, they’re not going to be able to understand that another 11 of an A is the same thing.” James says. The messy and inconsistent way that children (and many adults) tend to write, 12 , may help them to cope with a wide variety of typefaces and letter forms. Writing freehand, then, seems to be an important part of learning to read — but does the 13 of handwriting make a difference? Some schools have 14 teaching cursive (草书体的) or joined-up writing. In the US, for instance, it is not part of the national curriculum adopted by 46 states, though it has come back in some states in response to a public outcry. When it comes to learning to read, though, James has found that writing in cursive doesn’t seem to add anything to the mix. “It seems like it’s any kind of   15 of a letter by hand that makes the difference.” she says. 1．A．occasionally B．physically C．gradually D．instinctively 2．A．structures B．connections C．processes D．functions 3．A．write B．coin C．recite D．read 4．A．rather than B．as well as C．such as D．or else 5．A．listening to B．depending on C．looking at D．thinking of 6．A．requires B．decides C．foresees D．cautions 7．A．similar B．different C．delicate D．adaptable 8．A．critical B．unpredictable C．unclear D．increased 9．A．wrote out B．responded to C．typed in D．pointed at 10．A．trust B．implant C．spend D．invest 11．A．example B．equivalent C．form D．method 12．A．as a result B．in a word C．by contrast D．vice versa 13．A．history B．type C．dominance D．study 14．A．suggested B．permitted C．practised D．stopped 15．A．creation B．recognition C．existence D．typing (9) Fictional British detective Sherlock Holmes is probably one of the most popular detectives in literary history. Known for his brilliant analytical skills and ability to decipher complicated clues, the consulting detective has been depicted on screen 254 times and even holds the Guinness World Record for the most 1 literary human character in film & TV. Hence, it is not surprising to hear that the Royal Mint, responsible for producing coins in the United Kingdom, has 2 the iconic detective with a commemorative coin. Released on May 22, 2019, in honor of creator Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s 160th birthday, the 50 pence (75 cent) coin features a silhouette (剪影) of Holmes, 3 with the detective’s famous deerstalker hat and pipe, on one side and Queen Elizabeth II on the other. Surrounding Holmes’ image are some of his most popular 4 including, The Hound of the Baskervilles, The Sign of the Four, The Valley of Fear, as well as the detective’s debut novel — A Study of Scarlet. The tiny lettering of the 5 , which require a magnifying glass to read, may seem like a mistake caused by the attempt to cram in too much in a small space. However, the coin’s designer, Steve Raw, says he deliberately put them all there to 6 the “inner detective” in fans. He explains, “Naturally, the only way to solve ‘the mystery of the text’ is by using that essential piece of equipment always carried by the intrepid detective: a magnifying glass.” The Royal Mint plans to put the 50p coin in general 7 later this year. 8 , fans hoping to add a sparkly new piece to their Sherlock Holmes memorabilia, can purchase an uncirculated version for £10 ($13) from the Royal Mint’s website. Also 9 are 600 limited edition silver proof coins for £55 ($70) each and 400 limited edition gold proof coins for £795 ($1,000) each. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland on May 22, 1859, Doyle was a trained doctor running a clinic, before discovering his passion for writing. Holmes’ character was based on Dr. Joseph Bell, a renowned forensic scientist at Edinburgh University, whom Doyle 10 under. Following the tremendous success of A Study in Scarlet, the imaginative author 11 four novels and 56 short stories, the last in 1927, 12 the detective and his sidekick, Dr. Watson. In addition to the screen adaptations, Holmes, whose stories continue to entertain and 13 fans young and old, has been featured on radio dramas, live stage, and even computer games. The United Kingdom’s fun tradition of featuring fictional characters on 14 began in 2016, when the Royal Mint celebrated Beatrix Potter’s 150th birthday with limited edition coins featuring characters from the author’s iconic children’s story, The Tale of Peter Rabbit. In 2018, to 15 his 60th birthday, the adorable Paddington Bear appeared on a set of commemorative coins for purchase on the government agency’s website. We wonder who will be next! 1．A．needed B．portrayed C．boasted D．highlighted 2．A．rewarded B．complimented C．honored D．awarded 3．A．associated B．complete C．covered D．content 4．A．plots B．subjects C．characters D．mysteries 5．A．accounts B．illustrations C．features D．titles 6．A．bring out B．bring about C．bring up D．bring in 7．A．accessibility B．popularity C．circulation D．promotion 8．A．However B．Therefore C．Furthermore D．Instead 9．A．commercial B．available C．necessary D．profitable 10．A．guided B．pursued C．followed D．studied 11．A．adapted B．penned C．reviewed D．translated 12．A．overtaking B．quoting C．characterizing D．starring 13．A．fascinate B．instruct C．horrify D．energize 14．A．bill B．credit C．currency D．note 15．A．spend B．mark C．approach D．signal (10) Permissive Paths I’ve always loved a ‘permissive path’ — a route across private land that the owner, manager or tenant has decided voluntarily to open to all. It’s always seemed like the nicest of 1 . A surprise, a welcome, a generous act, as well as an implied agreement between walker and landowner: here is a safe route to use, 2 . The direct 3 of “get off my land”, it is the action of a farmer or land manager interested in and part of their wider community. Many permissive paths work well and have done for a significant amount of time, enhancing or connecting our network of public footpaths and byways. And there is much to gain in 4 benefit, too. For walkers, perhaps a route that ‘ 5 ’ across the land is scenic, invites curiosity and enquiry into what’s living or growing in a place through the seasons. For land managers, they can introduce a lot of cheer and common 6 : great public relations, a gateway to building understanding and respect for the work and life of the countryside, plus more love for what else lives, or has lived, in a place, historically or ecologically. Many land managers and farmers are critically 7 of the knowledge gap between most people and farming, as well as the need for access to the countryside for all. Many want to share the 8 of the space they live or work in. But it takes a certain amount of kindness, courage and effort to 9 a welcome onto land you are responsible for. Kate Sharp, tenant farmer on the glorious, organic West Town Farm in Devon, 10 by semi-retired farmer Andy Bragg, says she loves “to help people enjoy the beautiful countryside with us and have a 11 to the farming we do here” through permissive paths. But she’s been saddened by the actions of some, with off-lead dogs misbehaving around livestock, poo (屎) not picked up or, weirdly, picked up, bagged, thrown or 12 somewhere. West Town Farm 13 ‘Pasture for Life’ principles, grazing (放牧) animals on 100% rich and diverse fields. There is no place on it for dog poo, or poo in bags hanging from berry-and wildlife-rich hedgerows. Kate emphasises the majority of dog walkers use it in a friendly, respectful way, but the problem has got so bad from a few, she’s considering a no-dog policy. 14 , the Bathurst Estate in Cirencester chose to monetise access after 300 years of use while Bridehead Estate in Dorset shut its access after 65 years and a new owner. When this can happen, and when a few people 15 things for others, bold moves, such as Peer responsibility and the Right to Roam public access movement, offer better gateways to long-term solutions and cultural and social change. They are potential game changers. 1．A．territories B．volunteers C．invitations D．administrations 2．A．responsibly B．straight C．naturally D．alone 3．A．gesture B．equivalent C．command D．opposite 4．A．mutual B．physical C．seasonal D．agricultural 5．A．cuts short B．makes sense C．costs dear D．gets the boot 6．A．wealth B．knowledge C．estate D．goodwill 7．A．fearful B．ignorant C．aware D．ashamed 8．A．map B．privilege C．custom D．rhythm 9．A．extend B．decline C．honour D．receive 10．A．welcomed B．permitted C．tackled D．owned 11．A．restriction B．sacrifice C．connection D．vocation 12．A．dumped B．recycled C．charged D．hung 13．A．plugs into B．operates on C．withdraws from D．backfires on 14．A．Likewise B．For example C．In consequence D．Particularly 15．A．abuse B．adjust C．spoil D．profile (11) We are quite good at letting our minds wander while performing a routine motor skill. We can do the dinner dishes while thinking about our next vacation, or drink coffee while reading a newspaper. But psychologists ask this question: Do multitasking humans operate effectively and efficiently when they really need to 1 ？ The 2 suggests that the answer is no. One problem is interference (干扰). In the 1930s, the psychologist John Ridley Stroop showed there is a danger of 3 when the brain receives unexpected information while carrying out a routine task. To see what he found, try this exercise: Say the name of each shape in Column 1 out loud. Then, do the same for Column 2. Then, do the same for Column 3. Most likely you completed the first column 4 , went a bit slower in the second column and hesitated, or even made an error, in the third column. Because you are much quicker at reading words out loud than naming shapes, you had difficulty 5 the incorrect information that you read. Of course, this exercise is a bit unnatural, but it shows that multitaskers are very likely to make mistakes and hesitate if they get interference from the 6 set of stimuli while switching between tasks. Research also suggests that switching between tasks significantly 7 completion. If the two tasks are very routine and not too much 8 — say, singing along to a new tune while milking a crying baby — the brain does not need to switch between the tasks because the two require different input channels. The humming requires listening and singing, while the milking requires sight and the use of arm and hand muscles. But when a similar kind of attention is needed, the pace 9 as the brain must switch back and forth between the two tasks. A study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology found that switching between tasks like solving math problems and identifying shapes increases time 10 , especially with unfamiliar tasks. The brain takes longer to switch and assign resources due to the need to activate different sets of rules for each task. This delay makes multitasking less 11 than focusing on one task.   12 , the brain shows less neural (神经的) activity when handling two complex tasks at the same time, leading to longer completion times. For example, multitaskers took 1.5 times longer to write a report and check email compared to those who did each task 13 . All these 14 do not mean that you should never “whistle while you work”. But what about the digital showoff who sits through a university lecture while text-messaging on a tiny mobile phone screen? Remind them of this: The 15 machinery of our digital world was most likely developed by very single-minded people concentrating intently on a single task. 1．A．hurry B．interfere C．negotiate D．concentrate 2．A．experience B．estimation C．evidence D．emphasis 3．A．disappointment B．injury C．misunderstanding D．error 4．A．accidentally B．innovatively C．effortlessly D．repeatedly 5．A．remembering B．ignoring C．generating D．withdrawing 6．A．internal B．diverse C．wrong D．weak 7．A．delays B．ensures C．monitors D．arranges 8．A．simple B．alike C．necessary D．interesting 9．A．slows B．increases C．varies D．continues 10．A．saved B．lost C．tracked D．found 11．A．popular B．complex C．efficient D．challenging 12．A．Fortunately B．Additionally C．Ultimately D．Alternatively 13．A．separately B．regularly C．vigorously D．originally 14．A．requirements B．tasks C．concerns D．negatives 15．A．multitasking B．mechanical C．specialized D．packaging (12) Keeping Up With “Irrelevant” News Today’s world is something of a contradiction. Even though we are being given access to more information than ever before, we are 1 enough becoming less informed. As we scroll through thousands of postings each day on social media, we see lots of gossip about celebrities and read people’s opinions about various issues. However, because we can now “choose (whether being forced to or not)” the news we read, we may be missing the news we “need.” According to a new survey released by Gallup, about 58% of Americans get their news from online sources, 38% from television and radio, and only 3% from printed newspapers and magazines. In Shanghai, we can also see the evidence of this drop in print media readership with the 2 of the red kiosks (书报亭) that used to be ubiquitous (无处不在的) around the city. This is 3 , as I see it, since newspapers and magazines, which explain stories in more detail, are still one of the most reliable sources of news today. I got into the habit of reading news stories when I was in high school. Every morning I would 4 a copy of The Globe and Mail, a Canadian newspaper based in Toronto, and read through it during my lunch break. Both top stories on the front page and the small ones on the inside pages looked 5 to me. As an added 6 reading news stories everyday has made me feel better connected to the wider world. Last February, terrible earthquakes hit Turkey and Syria. News about this event spread like wildfire. Instead of seeing it as a tragic story in a faraway place that did not have an effect on other countries, the international community 7 stepped in to help. Within 48 hours rescue teams from around the world were sent to the stricken areas. They worked to save the lives of those who were trapped beneath the rubble of collapsed buildings and to help other survivors 8 the cold of winter by giving them medical aid and supplying them with the basic necessities of life. That being said, some may still argue that all news is, ultimately, 9 to them. It’s likely that few of us would be able to name a news story in the last month that helped us to make a more informed 10 in our personal lives. If there is something I’ve noticed about people, including myself, is that we are almost always poor at 11 between what is and is not “relevant.” For me, I never 12 that the habit of reading news stories would end up helping me with my schoolwork and that it would later help pave the path to my future career. By reading well-written newspaper articles, I was able to include some of the information in my essays and to 13 my own writing skills. 14 , the news allows us to understand the world and our place in it. But bear in mind that online news sources can be less reliable unless they are a(n) 15 source such as Xinhua or, of course, our very own SSP. 1．A．curiously B．fortunately C．interestingly D．strangely 2．A．disadvantage B．disappearance C．disapproval D．disconnection 3．A．meaningful B．necessary C．reasonable D．unfortunate 4．A．hand out B．pick up C．show off D．throw away 5．A．abstract B．boring C．fascinating D．weird 6．A．bonus B．chance C．priority D．task 7．A．hesitantly B．instantly C．pleasantly D．reluctantly 8．A．celebrate B．endure C．record D．realize 9．A．immoral B．insignificant C．irrelevant D．unbelievable 10．A．complaint B．decision C．effort D．mistake 11．A．balancing B．distinguishing C．regulating D．switching 12．A．announced B．expected C．learned D．suggested 13．A．abandon B．boast C．improve D．share 14．A．By contrast B．For instance C．In short D．On average 15．A．controversial B．established C．independent D．profitable (13) Like many of the researchers who study how people find their way from place to place, David Uttal is a poor navigator. The world is full of people like Uttal — and their 1 , the folks who always seem to know exactly where they are. Scientists sometimes measure navigational ability by asking someone to point toward an out-of-sight location — or, more 2 , to imagine they are someplace else and point in the direction of a third location — and it's obvious that some people are better at it than others. “People are never perfect, but someone can be as 3 as single-degree off, which is incredible,” says Nora Newcombe, a cognitive psychologist at Temple University, But others, when asked to indicate the target’s direction, seem to point at random. “They have literally no idea where it is. ” While it’s easy to show that people 4 in navigational ability, it has proved much harder for scientists to explain why. Research suggests that to some extent, navigation skills are shaped by 5 . The importance of a person’s environment is underscored by a recent look at the role of 6 in navigation. In 2020, Margherita Malanchini, a psychologist at Queen Mary University of London, and her colleagues compared the performance of more than 2,600 identical and nonidentical twins as they navigated through a virtual environment, to test whether navigational ability runs in families. It does, they found but only 7 . Instead, the biggest contributor to people's performance was what geneticists call “nonshared environmental factors” — that is, the 8 experiences each person accumulates as their life unfolds. 9 factors were also associated with wayfinding skills, they found. 10 , people from Nordic countries tended to be slightly better navigators. It is perhaps because the sport of cross-country running is 11 in those countries. Country folk did better, on average, than people from cities. And among city-dwellers, those from cities with 12 street networks such as those in the older parts of European cities did better than those from cities like Chicago, where the streets form a regular grid. Results like these suggest that an individual’s life experience may be one of the biggest determinants of how well they navigate. 13 , many even underlie one of the most consistent findings — and cliches — in navigation: that men tend to perform better than women turns out this gender gap is more a question of culture and experience than of 14 ability. Nordic countries, for example, where gender equality is greatest, show almost no difference in navigation. In contrast, men far outperform women in places where women face cultural 15 imposed on exploring their environment on their own, such as Middle Eastern countries. 1．A．opposites B．counterparts C．admirers D．rivals 2．A．systematic B．challenging C．surprising D．realistic 3．A．precise B．reliable C．responsible D．crucial 4．A．engage B．struggle C．develop D．differ 5．A．practice B．upbringing C．nature D．tradition 6．A．memory B．cognition C．behavior D．genetics 7．A．predictably B．gradually C．modestly D．mistakenly 8．A．concrete B．practical C．unique D．valuable 9．A．Political B．Ecological C．Economic D．Cultural 10．A．For example B．As such C．After all D．By contrast 11．A．recreational B．extreme C．popular D．competitive 12．A．narrow B．chaotic C．efficient D．extensive 13．A．Therefore B．Indeed C．However D．Otherwise 14．A．inborn B．intellectual C．spatial D．academic 15．A．identities B．expectations C．differences D．restrictions (14) “Modern Art” describes art created from the 1860s to the 1970s, including works by famous artists like Vincent Van Gogh, Paul Cezanne, and Pablo Picasso. This period marked a 1 from traditional art, focusing instead on experimentation and new ideas about materials and techniques.Two 2 figures from this era are Robert Rauschenberg and Andy Warhol. While Warhol became widely famous, Rauschenberg is better known within art circles. Robert Rauschenberg, born in Port Arthur, Texas, in 1925, grew up in a town with little 3 inspiration. Despite his father’s 4 of support for his art, his mother encouraged him. Rauschenberg moved to California in 1944, eager to escape his industrial hometown. 5 , Andy Warhol, born in Pittsburgh in 1928, was close to his mother due to his frequent illnesses. Although he missed much school, this time was crucial for developing his artistic skills. He later attended Carnegie Institute, marking his entry into the art world. Both artists eventually moved to New York, which, by the 1950s, was the new center for avant-garde art. Both Rauschenberg and Warhol shared a brave approach to art, adopting popular culture and 6 traditional ideas about what art could be. Rauschenberg was known for his 7 media works, using unconventional materials like metal, glass, and even found objects like socks and car parts. His 1953 piece, “Automobile Tire Print”, was a groundbreaking work that helped establish his 8 in art history. Warhol, on the other hand, gained fame with his “Campbell’s Soup Can” series. His artwork included everyday items, making art more relatable and 9 . Warhol also created famous portraits of celebrities like Marilyn Monroe and Elvis Presley. His 1964 exhibition of sculpture, featuring imitation supermarket products like Brillo and Heinz, further challenged conventional art forms and 10 his reputation. Both artists extended their 11 beyond traditional media. Rauschenberg cooperated with musicians, dancers, and even scientists, expanding the definition of art. His approach has been described as “the wind blowing through the art world”, constantly innovating. Warhol also 12 music, film, and Performance Art. His multimedia show,“The Exploding Plastic Inevitable”, was notable for its lighting innovations that influenced rock concerts. Despite their 13 careers, their paths differed in terms of public engagement. Warhol 14 publicity, wrote books, and socialized with celebrities, while Rauschenberg preferred to stay out of the limelight. Although Warhol’s work is highly commercial and instantly 15 , Rauschenberg’s contributions remain significant for their originality and impact on Modern Art. 1．A．request B．present C．shift D．warning 2．A．literary B．influential C．official D．local 3．A．sudden B．artistic C．seasonal D．permanent 4．A．level B．means C．lack D．nature 5．A．Similarly B．Unfortunately C．Strangely D．Eventually 6．A．expressing B．challenging C．evaluating D．maintaining 7．A．mixed B．regional C．digital D．free 8．A．claim B．place C．business D．version 9．A．accessible B．luxurious C．traditional D．decorative 10．A．damaged B．restored C．solidified D．assessed 11．A．search B．function C．authority D．creativity 12．A．provided B．explored C．sold D．replaced 13．A．conventional B．successful C．temporary D．independent 14．A．explained B．avoided C．doubted D．sought 15．A．recognizable B．realizable C．effective D．productive (15) Waiting in line is a suffering of modernity. According to David Andrews’s book, Why Does the Other Line Always Move Faster? , it wasn’t 1 until the Industrial Revolution synchronized (同步) workers’ schedules, causing lines during lunch hours and evenings. Given that Americans are estimated to collectively waste tens of billions of hours a year in lines, it’s no wonder that some people try to cut, and others 2 hate them. Yet jumping the queue without 3 violence is possible. First, pick the right queue. It’s virtually impossible to cut the line for a once-in-a-lifetime event — the Cubs playing the World Series, say. But in a 4 scenario (场景) like a security line, people are more likely to let you in, perhaps because they anticipate needing a similar favor someday. Using game theory to determine what conditions would make line-cutting socially 5 , researchers found that people queuing just once display little tolerance for line-cutting. But when the queue comes again, people let in intruders (入侵者) who claim an urgent need or who require minimal service time. An excuse for cutting helps, but it needn’t be bulletproof. In one much-cited study, experimenters tried to jump photocopier queues using one of three explanations. A small, polite request without 6 — “Excuse me, I have five pages. May I use the Xerox machine?” — enabled them to cut 60 percent of the time. Adding that they were rushed allowed them to cut 94 percent of the time. And “May I use the Xerox machine, because I need to make copies?” was almost as 7 , despite its weakness. The person 8 behind an intrusion usually gets to decide whether to allow it, according to a study co-authored by the psychologist Stanley Milgram. If that person doesn’t 9 , other queuers tend to stay quiet. The experiment also found that two intruders brought about greater anger than one — so if you’re going to line-jump, travel 10 . Keep in mind that 11 for line-cutting varies across cultures. One survey of foreigners living in Spain revealed many national differences in queuing rules. An Irish respondent was very angry, “They say ‘I just want to ask a quick question’ and go right up to the counter... I’m ready to 12 .” Back in America the worst of line-cutting is 13 you’re not doing it. Like members of any community, queuers want their customs 14 . So if you must cut, just ask nicely. Doing so enhances the social contract, and it 15 . 1．A．difficult B．necessary C．common D．unusual 2．A．bitterly B．illogically C．casually D．surprisingly 3．A．rejecting B．understanding C．inviting D．continuing 4．A．realistic B．violent C．repeating D．complicated 5．A．permissible B．visible C．inflexible D．indefensible 6．A．prediction B．opposition C．recognition D．justification 7．A．neutral B．effective C．relevant D．variable 8．A．randomly B．distantly C．fortunately D．directly 9．A．agree B．object C．leave D．stay 10．A．extensively B．alone C．far D．happily 11．A．demand B．potential C．foundation D．tolerance 12．A．struggle B．believe C．explode D．respond 13．A．pretending B．confessing C．remembering D．confirming 14．A．recorded B．observed C．evaluated D．standardized 15．A．fails B．stops C．begins D．works 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $