Unit 1 单元知识点讲解及练习 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语上册

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacati on? 语言功能： 谈论过去的事件 重点词汇： try, wonder, dislike, wonderful, bored, were, was, stayed visited，arrived, went, bought, ate, saw, felt，walk，discuss, expensive, cheap, interesting, boring, exciting, terrible, friendly, special, delicious, rainy， sunny, hot, wet, go on vacation, stay at home， decide to do sth. quite a few. 重点短语：quite a few相当多，不少stay at home 呆在家 go shopp ing 去购物 seem to be 好像 decide to do sth决定做某事 ride bicycles骑自行车 eno ugh money足够的钱 the top of the hill 山顶 of course 当然 feel like给…的感觉，感受到 because of 因为 go on vacati on 去度假 go to summer camp 去夏令营 study for tests为考试学习 重点句型： Where did you go on vacati on? We we nt to New York. Did you go to Central Park? Yes, I did. How was the weather? It was sunny. 语言结构：一般过去时： 肯定句：谓语动词用过去式 否定句：助动词did not+动词原形（did not可缩写为didn '' 疑问句：助动词did+主语+动词原形 语法 1.不定代词，不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词，常用不定代词有：some one 某人， anyone某人/任何人, no one没有人, every one 每人。 something 某事， somebody 某人， anything/某事，任何事， anybody 某人/任何人， nothing 没有东西， nobody 没有人， everything 每一件事， everybody 每人， all所有的，each每个，both两者都，much许多，many许多，（a） little少许，（a）few很少得，other （ s）其 他的（其他人），an other另一个，none没有，one —，either两者中的一个， neither两者都不。 some one, anyone, no one, every one, somethi ng, no thir等 复合不定代词作主语，谓语用单数； either, neither, each, little, much等不定代词作主语时，谓语也用单数。如： Nothi ng is yet certa in. —切都还没有肯定。 Neither was satisfactory.两者都不使人满意。 No one goes to the school duri ng the vacatio n 假期时没人到学校去。 一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要放在不定代词之后。 There is nothing wrong with the radio. Do you have anything to sa« I'd like something to eat. Eg. Have you bought for Lindasbirthday?---Not exactly. Just some flowers. A. something unusual B. anything unusual C. unusual something D. unusual anything 巩固练习 rm so thirsty. Shall we get to drink? I don ' t think knows her new address. There's in the new cupboard. It's empty now. is too difficult if you put your heart into it. I think you can find him in the school. Could you tell differe nt betwee n the two pictures? Please help yourself to soup. somethi ng ,anyone, nothing. Noth ing ,no where \ somewhere anything, some 一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过 去主语所具备的能力和性格。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如： yesterday, last night，in 1990, two days agQ 一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和 often，always等表示频率的时间状语 连用。 基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他； 否定形式： ①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加did n't，同时还原行为动词； 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他 1. Be动词的一般过去时态. 在没有实义动词的句子中使用 be动词，am, is的过去式为was; are的过去式为were. 构成：肯定句： 主语+was (were) +表语.女如： I was late yesterday.(昨天我迟到了。) 否定句：主语+was (were) +n ot+表语，如：We were n't late yesterday.(我们昨天没有迟到) 疑问句：Was (Were) +主语 + 表语，如： Were you a student? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语 Why was he late for school last Mon day? 上星期一他为什么迟到？ 2. 实义动词的一般过去时态 肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词 did. 否定句：主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语 疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+宾语 I did my homework yesterday. I didn ' t do myomework yesterday.否定句 ) Did you do your homework yesterday? Yes, I did. /No, I didn 一般疑问句) 3. 情态动词的一般过去时： 肯定句式：主语+情态动词+其它 否定句式：主语+情态动词+ not +其它. 一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+其它？ 注： 情态动词的过去式： can—could , may — might , must — muswill-would，should-should。 特殊疑问句式： 特殊疑冋词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他 What could she do twe nty years ago 20 年前她能做什么？ 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 1. Mr. Mott is out. But he here a few minu tes ago. A. was B. is C. will be D. would be 2. ---Hi, Tom. ---Hello, Fan cy. I you were here. A. don't know B. wo n't thi nk C. thi nk D. did n't know 动词过去式的变化规则 1. 一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加 ed,如：work 2. 以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加d: live 1 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed: study 4. 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母 重读闭音节体现形式为辅-元-辅结构， 5. 不规则变化的动词过去式： have---had 有 feel---felt 感觉 drink — drank 喝 buy——bought 买 wear----wore 穿 become——became成为 are were 是 do/does——did 做 eat— ate 吃 catch— caught 抓 住 cut----cut 切割 worked look looked lived hope hoped use used studied carry carried worry worried stop stopped plan pla nned +ed: get---got 得至U is—was ^是 bring----brought 带来 teach— taught 教 sweep——swept 打扫 say---said 说 go---went 去 think-thought 想,认为 sit----sat 坐 sleep slept 睡觉 一般过去时练习题，.请用正确动词形式填空 1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. The cat (eat) a bird last night. 3. We (have) a party last Hallowee n. 4. Nancy (pick) up oran ges on the farm last week. 5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE less on. 7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival. 8. The girls (dan ce) at the party last ni ght. 9. I watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week. 10. you (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 按要求变换句型。 1. Frank read an interesting book about history.(一般疑问句) Frank an in terest ing book about history? 2. He cleaned his room just now..(戈U线提问) What he just now? 3. Thomas spent $10 on this book.（否定句） Thomas $10 on this book. 4. My family went to the beach last week.（划线提问） family last week? Go on vacation去度假；on vacation,在度假（表状态） summer vacation 暑假 winter vacation 寒假 Haikou is a beautiful city. Let's there. My pare nts are in Hawaii. some 一些，某些，某个，any —些，任何 some和any既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词， some常用在肯定句中，而any 则常用在否定和疑问句中。因此 some和any的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定 句中 A: Are there any apples in the fridge? B: Yes, there are some./ No, there aretna ny. A: Is there any water in the bottle? B: Yes, there is some water./ No, there is'ha ny water. Eg. He asked me for paper, but I didrthave . A. some; some B. any; some C. some; any D. any; any 但在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用 some而不用any。如： Would you like some coffee?你要不要来点咖啡？ Many, much, a lot of 许多 much只能修饰不可数名词 many只能修饰可数名词复数 A lot of =lots of接可数名词时谓语用复数，接不可数名词时，谓语用单数。 a lot是副词性短语，修饰动词。比如：Thanks a lot.= Thanks very much.再比如：I know him a lot。 Few 和 a few, little 和 a little. few, a few是修饰可数名词复数的,little, a little是修饰不可数名词的。 a few, a little意思是有一些，表肯定意味，few, little，意思是很少，几乎没有表否定意味。 He has frie nds here, he feels Ion ely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。 There are eggs in the bask篮子里有几个鸡蛋。 There is ink in my bottle, can you give me ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗? Decide决定，下决心 decide to do sth.决定做某事,相当于 make up one'smind to do sth. decide的名词形式为 decision. decide to do sth 的否定形式是 decided not to do sth. decide+名词： I can 'decide the date of the meeti ng我决定不了这次会议的日期。 decide to do sth He decides to go to Hong Kang on vacatior他决定去香港度假。 decide*疑问词 +to do： They can 'decide whom to i nvite.他们不能决定该邀请谁。 decide+宾语从句: We decided that we would not go to the party tonight. Eg. Goldilocks decided to for a walk in the forest. A. go B. to go C. going D. goes try,尝试，努力，试图 try to do sth.尽力做某事；try not to do sth.尽力不去做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事； try on试穿（接名词时，名词放在on前后都可以，接代词时，代词须放在 try和on之间 She is tryi ng to draw a horse她正努力画一匹马。 You should try taking more exercise你应该试着多运动 . I lltry y best to help you.我会尽力帮助你。 This skirt is very nice. Would you like to try it on?这条裙子很漂亮，你想试一下吗？ What a difference a day makes!多么不同的一天啊！ 由what引导的感叹句，What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！ What a beautiful girl she is!她是一个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！ What importa nt jobs they have done! Eg. won derful con cert they are putt ing on in the city square! A. How B. What C. What a D. What an Enough,足够的 修饰名词时， eno ugh 放前, 如 eno ugh money ,eno ugh time 修饰形容词或副词时， eno ugh 放后面，女口 good eno ugh, happy eno ugh,well eno ugh Eg.I don't know him to ask him for help. A. good eno ugh B. eno ugh good C. eno ugh well D. well eno ugh Did everyone have a good time大 家都玩得很开心吗？ have a good time = enjoy on eself = have fun 玩得开心 (+ doing) eg: We had a good time visiting the the Great Wall. =We enjo yed ourselves visit ing the the Great Wall. =We had fun visit ing the the Great Wall. I really enjoyed walking around the tow n.我真的很喜欢在镇上到处走走。 （P5） enjoy及物动词，意为 喜爱；欣赏；享受……的乐趣”其后接名词，代词或动名词作宾语 a. Do you enjoy your job?你喜欢你的工作吗？ b. I enjoy reading books.我喜欢读书。（enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事） 拓展： enjoy oneself =have a good time = have fu 玩得开心 （+ doing sth） Bored无聊的，无趣的，常用来形容人，boring形容物 bored用于形容人，一般用作表语。如 I am bored. boring用于形容物，意思是令人厌烦的，乏味的。如 it is a boring day! 类似用法的词还有：interested对…感兴趣，修饰人,interesting有趣的，修饰物；excited感到兴奋 的，激动的”一般修饰某人.exciting令人兴奋的，使人激动的”一般修饰某物,;surprised感到惊 讶的，一般修饰人,surprising令人惊讶的，一般修饰物。 I am in terested in En glish.我对英语感兴趣。 This book is very in teresti ng 这本书很有趣。 Feel like感觉像…，给人的感觉像是 …■，摸起来像… 1. 后接名词Do you feel like a rest?你想休息一下吗? The material feels like velvet.这料子摸起来像丝绒。 2. 后接代词 we ll go for a walk if you feel like it.你愿意的话，咱们就去散散步。 3. 后接动名词I feel like catchi ng a cold.我像是感冒了。 4. 后接句子I feel like I want to cry.我觉得我想哭。 Wait,等待 wait for ,等待，如 门I wait for you.我会等你的. can't wait,等不及，如 We can't wait to get started.我们迫不及待地想要开始了。 Wait a minute, wait a moment.等一会儿； 稍等一下 I wa nt to talk to you, but it can wait.我想和你谈谈，但可以等会儿再说。 Because和 because of 因为 because是连词，其后接原因状语从句或回答以 why开头的问句； 而because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。 如 (1) he is ill, he is abse nt today. (2) He is not at school his ill ness. (3) He can ' t come the heavy rain. (4) We like physics we can lear n a lot of ideas. 感官动词look, sound, smell, taste, feet当系动词，后接形容词，形成系表结构。 He looks angry.他看起来很生气。 His expla nati on soundsreas on able.他的解释 听起来 合理。 The cakessmell nice.这个蛋糕 闻起来很香。 The dishestaste delicious.这些菜尝起来很美味。 The silk feels smooth这个丝绸摸起来很光滑。 seem可用作连系动词或不及物动词，意为 似乎；好像”其常见用法现归纳如下： 一、 主语+ seem +(to be ) +表语”表语多为名词或形容词，有时是其他的词或短语，以说明 主语的特征或状态。例如： Tom seems (to be ) a very clever boy.汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。 The man over there seems to be a new teache那边的那个人看上去像一个新老师。 Mr Black seemed to be quite happy.布莱克先生好像十分快乐。 二、 主语+ seem +不定式”，此句型中的seem与不定式一起构成复合谓语。例如： Mrs Green doesn ' t seem或 seems not ) to like the idea.格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。 The childre n seemed to be eati ng somethi ng in the room 孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢。 The young man seemed to have cha nged much这个年轻人看起来变化很大。 三、 “It seems + tha从句”其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。例如： It seems that no one knows what has happe ned in the park.似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什 么事。 It seems to me that Mr Brow n will not come aga in.在我看来布朗先生不会再来了。 四、 “There + seem to be名+词”，其中to be可省略。seem的单复数形式要根据后面作主语的名 词的单复数形式而定。例如： There doesn ' t seem to be much hope of our beating that tea看来我们战胜那个队没有多大希 望。 There seems no n eed to wait longer看来没有再等的必要了。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $