内容正文:
Unit 2 Home Sweet Home
Section A 单词短语知识详解
1 pack /pæk/ v. 打包;收拾(教材P12)
归纳拓展
pack 既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,意为“打包;收拾”。常见短语:pack up 打包;pack off 把……打发走。
pack 还可作名词,意为“纸包;纸袋”,是可数名词。a pack of 一包。
► I need to pack my bag for school.我需要把书包收拾好去上学。
►Please pack your toys before bedtime.请在睡觉前把你的玩具收拾好。
►She packed up her clothes and left the room.她收拾好衣服离开了房间。
►My parents always pack me off to bed early.我父母总是早早就打发我上床。
►Only put in the pack what is needed for that day.只把当天需要的东西放在包里。
学会运用1: Let’s p our suitcases tonight so we can set off early in the morning.
学会运用2: 该收拾东西回家了。
It’s time to _________ _________ and go home.
2 sort /sɔːt/ v. 把……分类;整理 n. 种类(教材P12)
归纳拓展
sort 作动词,意为“把……分类;整理”。常用搭配:
sort out 整理 sort the rubbish 垃圾分类
sort 作名词,意为“种类”,后跟介词of。常用搭配:
the sort of sb./ sth. 某种人/物
all sorts of 各种各样的
►My mom always sorts the clothes before washing them. 我妈妈在洗衣服前总是把衣服分类。
►I need to sort out my desk before doing homework.做作业前我需要整理一下我的书桌。
►There are all sorts of animals in the zoo.动物园里有各种各样的动物。
►What sort of fruit do you like best? 你最喜欢哪种水果?
学会运用3: The teacher asked us __________(把……分类) the apples by size.
学会运用4: There are different __________ (sort) of flowers in the garden.
学会运用5:上学前我得整理一下我的背包。
I have to __________ __________ my backpack before the school starts.
3 invite /ɪn'vaɪt/ v. 邀请 (教材P12)
归纳拓展
invite 作及物动词,意为“邀请”。其基本用法如下:
invite sb. to... 邀请某人去……
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
invite 的名词形式为invitation,意为“请柬;邀请”。常用搭配: an/the invitation to... ……的请柬
get/receive an invitation 收到邀请
► He invited me to dinner yesterday.昨天他邀请了我去吃晚饭。
►I should invite them to join us. 我应该邀请他们加入我们。
►I found an invitation to the concert in my mailbox.我在信箱里找到了一张音乐会的请柬。
►Tom is excited to get/ receive the invitation to the museum exhibition. 汤姆很激动收到博物馆展览的邀请。
学会运用6: Our headmaster will invite a scientist _______ us a speech on space technology.
A. give B. given C. giving D. to give
学会运用7: Let’s i Kate over for dinner tomorrow.
学会运用8:上周末玛丽邀请我和她一起爬山。
Mary ________ ________ ________ ________ the hill with her last weekend.
4 arrival /ə'raɪvl/ n. 到达(教材P13)
归纳拓展
arrival n. 意为“到达”,其动词形式为arrive。
arrive 作不及物动词,意为“到达”,后跟宾语时要加介词in或at。arrive in 后跟大地点(国家、城市等);arrive at 后接小地点(学校、酒店、车站等)。
►The children were waiting eagerly for the arrival of the ice cream truck. 孩子们急切地等着冰激凌车的到来。
►The train arrived on time. 火车准时到达。
►My favourite writer will arrive in Beijing soon.我最喜欢的作家很快就到北京了。
►They arrived at the party late. 他们晚会到得很晚。
学会运用9: The ___________ (arrive) of the new teacher made everyone excited.
学会运用10: 我们在机场兴奋地迎接爷爷奶奶的到来。
We were excited to welcome ________ ________ ________ our grandparents at the airport.
5 yet /jet/ adv. (用于否定句和疑问句)还 conj. 但是(教材P13 )
归纳拓展
yet 作副词,谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事。常用于否定句(意为“还;仍然”)或疑问句(意为“已经”)。
yet 还可作连词,意为“但是”。
► I haven’t finished my homework yet.我还没有完成作业。
►Is everything ready yet? 一切都准备好了吗?
►I want to go out. Yet it’s raining.我想出去玩,但是下雨了。
►I have already finished my homework.我已经完成我的作业了。
►Supper is already ready. 晚餐已经准备好了。
yet
多用于现在完成时的否定句或疑问句中,yet 通常位于句尾。
already
可以用在现在完成时或一般现在时的肯定句中,already 一般位于助动词或be 动词之后,行为动词之前,还可以位于句尾。
学会运用11: She looks tired, y she keeps working.
学会运用12: -Jane, it’s time to go home. Have you finished your work ______?
-Yes, I’ve______ finished it. It’s so easy.
A. already; yet B. yet; already C. yet; yet D. since; already
学会运用13: 她还没从学校回来。
She ________ come back from school ________.
6 add /æd/ v. 添加;加 (教材P14)
归纳拓展
add v. 意为“添加;加”。常构成短语:
add sth. to sth. 把某物加入某物
add to 使(数量) 增加;使(规模)扩大
add up to 总共是;总计为
add 作动词,还可意为“补充说”。
►Remember to add some honey.记得加入一些蜂蜜。
►If you add five to six, you will get eleven.5 加6 等于11。
►The TV adds to our happiness. 电视给我们增添了快乐。
►All of these add up to 20. 所有这些加起来是20。
►“You can come here a little earlier,” he added.“你可以更早一点来这儿,”他补充道。
学会运用14: Before you mix up all the ingredients(原料), don’t forget to ________ some honey to them.
A. cut B. add C. make D. cook
学会运用15: 我的玩具总共花了50 美元。
The cost of my toys ________ ________ ________ $50.
学会运用16: 妈妈打算在沙拉里加一些蔬菜。
Mom is going to ________________________________.
7 borrow /'bɒrəʊ/ v. 借(教材P14)
辨析: borrow, lend 与keep
borrow
意为“借”,指主语从别人处“借入”东西自己使用。borrow sth. from sb. / sp. 从某人/ 某处借来某物
lend
(lent, lent)
意为“借出;借给”,指主语把自己的东西“借出”给别人使用。lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
keep
本意是“保留;保存”,引申为“长时间的借用”,属于延续性动词,可以和时间段以及how long搭配。
图解助记
borrow 借入 lend 借出 keep 借用(一段时间)
borrow 借入 lend 借出 keep 借用(一段时间)
一语辨异
Peter borrowed a book from the library and he lent it to me. He said that I could keep it for a month. 彼得从图书馆里借了一本书,他把书借给了我。他说我可以借用一个月。
►I borrowed some money from a friend.我向一个朋友借了些钱。
►Can you lend me five pounds?你可以借给我五英镑吗?
►-How long can I keep the books? 这些书我可以借多长时间?-For two weeks. 两周。
学会运用17: -Can I _____ Robinson Crusoe, Mrs Zhao?
-Sure, it’s very interesting, but you can only _____ it for two weeks.
A. borrow; lend B. lend; borrow
C. borrow; keep D. lend; keep
学会运用18: They _________ (借) all kinds of magazines from the library every Tuesday.
学会运用19: I borrowed an English book from my classmate. (改为同义句)
My classmate ________ an English book _________ me.
学会运用20: 我通常从学校图书馆借一些书。
I usually ________ some books _______ our school library.
8 plan /plæn/ v. 策划;打算 n. 计划;方案(教材14)
归纳拓展
plan v. 意为“策划;打算”。plan to do sth. 计划/打算做某事。
plan 的过去式和动词-ing 形式均需要双写n,即planned和planning。
plan 作名词,意为“计划;方案”,是可数名词,可以与介词for连用,后接计划的对象。make a plan for 为……制订计划。
►We plan to go to the park tomorrow.我们打算明天去公园。
►My son plans to go bike riding with me.我儿子打算和我一起去骑自行车兜风。
►Do you have any plans for tonight? 你今晚有什么计划吗?
►I made a plan for the coming holiday.我为即将到来的假期做了一个计划。
学会运用21: -What is your plan for the weekend?
-I plan ________ (read) the book Red Star Over China(《红星照耀中国》).
学会运用22: It’s reported that China plans ________ astronauts to the moon before 2030.
A. send B. sending C. to send D. sent
学会运用23: 这周日我打算和父母去购物。(翻译句子)
___________________________________________
9 treasure /'treʒə(r)/ n. 宝物;财富v. 珍视(教材P14)
归纳拓展
treasure 作名词,意为“珠宝;财富”,是不可数名词。
treasure 还可作可数名词,意为“极贵重的物品;珍品;珍宝”。
treasure 作动词,意为“珍视”。
其形容词形式为treasurable,意为“值得珍藏的;宝贵的”。
►They were going to remove the treasure.他们打算转移宝物。
►The lost painting was considered a national treasure.那幅遗失的画作被视为国宝。
►I treasure the letters my friend sent me from abroad.我珍视我朋友从国外寄给我的信。
►The old book my grandfather gave me is a treasurable item.
爷爷送给我的那本旧书是一件珍贵的东西。
学会运用24: In the story, the children discovered the hidden t in the garden.
学会运用25: 这个盒子是我的宝贝,请不要把它扔了。
______________________, so please don’t throw it away.
10 hunt /hʌnt/ n. 搜寻;狩猎v. 搜寻;打猎(教材P14)
归纳拓展
hunt 作可数名词,意为“搜寻;狩猎”。go on a treasure hunt 进行寻宝活动;on the hunt for... 积极搜寻……。
hunt 还可作动词,意为“搜寻;打猎”。hunt for... 猎取/ 寻找……;hunt through 翻找。
hunter 名词,意为“猎人”。
► We went on a treasure hunt in the park.我们在公园里玩了寻宝游戏。
►They went hunting for rabbits in the fields.他们去田野里打猎兔子。
►She hunted through the drawers for her missing scarf.她翻抽屉寻找丢失的围巾。
►The hunters set out to hunt at dawn.猎人们在天亮时出发狩猎。
学会运用26: The scientists are on the h for a cure for the disease.
学会运用27: The _________ (hunt) is following the fox in the forest.
学会运用28: 安迪认为和他的朋友一起去寻宝很有趣。
Andy thought that it was great fun to __________________ with his friends.
学会运用29: 我正在搜寻那个宝物。
I’m _________ _________ the treasure.
11 lift /lɪft/ n. 搭便车;电梯 v. 举起;抬起(教材P14)
归纳拓展
lift 作名词的一词多义:
(1)搭便车→ give sb. a lift(= give sb. a ride)开车顺便送某人→ give sb. a lift to...捎某人一程去……;让某人搭便车去……
(2)电梯 → take the lift 乘电梯
lift 还可作动词,意为“举起;抬起”。强调用体力或机械力把某物或某人举到一定的高度。lift up 意为“举起”,为动副结构短语,代词作其宾语时,要放在lift 与up 之间。
► Can you give me a lift to school today?今天你能捎我去学校吗?
►There is a lift to all floors. 有电梯通往各层。
►I always take the lift to my apartment.我总是乘电梯去我的公寓。
►He lifted the box with ease. 他轻松地举起了箱子。
学会运用30: His office is at the top of the tall building. You should take a l to the thirtieth floor.
学会运用31: If you’re going that way, can you ________ ________ ________ ________ (捎我一程)?
学会运用32: 我的自行车坏了。你能载我一程吗?
My bike is broken. Could you ________ ________ ________ ________?
12 until /ən'tɪl/ prep. 到……时;直到……为止(教材P15)
归纳拓展
until 作介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。
until还可用作连词,意为“到……时;直到……为止”,后接从句。
常见用法:
(1) 主句为肯定句时,表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时,意为“直到……为止”,主句的谓语动词用延续性动词,如stay,live。
(2)主句为否定句时,表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才发生,常构成not...until 结构,意为“直到……才”,主句的谓语动词用短暂性动词,如go,come,leave。
► I waited until three o’clock. 我一直等到三点钟。
►The noise didn’t stop until midnight.噪音一直持续到午夜才停止。
►He lived with his parents until he got married.他与父母住在一起直到结婚。
►I will continue working until the project is completed.我会一直工作直到项目完成。
学会运用33: It’s raining heavily now, so we have to wait u the rain stops.
学会运用34: You will never truly understand your parents’ great love ______ you grow up.
A. until B. if C. since D. as
学会运用35: 她直到电话响第二声才接。(翻译句子)
____________________________________________
13 dead /ded/ adj. 不运行的;死的(教材P15)
归纳拓展
dead adj. 意为“不运行的;死的”,在句中作定语或表语。the dead 死者。
反义词为alive,意为“活着”。
►The battery in my toy car is dead. 我的玩具车电池没电了。
►The tree in our yard is dead. 我们院子里的那棵树死了。
►It doesn’t look like a dead fox.它看起来不像一只死狐狸。
►He was born in 1847 and died in 1913.
他生于1847 年,逝于1913 年。
►I heard of his death when I got to his house.
我到他家时得知了他的死讯。
辨析: dead, die, death 与dying
dead
形容词,强调的是“死”的状态,意为“死的;无生命的”。
die
不及物动词,强调的是“死”的动作,意为“死;去世”,一般指因生病、负伤等原因死去。
death
抽象名词,意为“死;死亡”,通常作不可数名词。
dying
形容词,表示“垂死的;临死的”,只用于名词前作定语。the dying 临终者
一语辨异
The soldier was dying, and after he died, his death became a symbol of bravery, even though he is now dead. 这位士兵奄奄一息,在他去世后,他的逝世成为了勇敢的象征,尽管他现在已离世。
温馨提示
die 是非延续性动词,不能和表示时间段的状语搭配。若表示“死了多长时间”,要用延续性形式be dead。
学会运用36: My phone is d because I forgot to charge it last night.
学会运用37: The old tree in our park _________ (die) last winter.
学会运用38: 电话没电了,我们无法打给任何人。
The phone _________ _________. We can’t call anyone.
14 note /nəʊt/ n. 笔记;记录;便条v. 注意;指出(教材P15)
归纳拓展
note 作名词,意为“笔记;记录;便条”。指“(听讲或读书等时的)笔记,记录”时,通常用复数形式notes。常用搭配:
make/ take notes/ a note 记笔记
make a note of sth. 记录某事;对某事做笔记
归纳拓展
note 作动词,意为“注意;指出”。其后跟名词、代词或that 从句。
note down 记录;记下
note 作名词时,还可意为“注释;纸币”。
notes on the text 课文注释
a five-pound note 一张5 英镑的纸币
►Then talk with your partner and take notes.
然后和你的搭档谈谈并做笔记。
►I made a note of the meeting time. 我记下了会议的时间。
► I left a note on the table for my mom.
我在桌子上给妈妈留了一张便条。
►I noted that he was wearing a new shirt this morning.
我注意到他今天早上穿了一件新衬衫。
学会运用39: I always make n when I read a new book.
学会运用40: She ___________ (note) down all the mistakes in her homework.
学会运用41: 在课堂上做笔记是帮助你 复习所学知识的好方法。
_______________ ___________ in class is a good way to help you review what you have learned.
1 hang up 挂起;挂断电话(教材P12)
归纳拓展
hang up 意为“挂起;挂断电话”。hang up (on sb. )
突然挂断(某人的)电话。
由hang 构成的动词短语还有: hang out 闲逛
hang around 等待;逗留
hang on 坚持;别挂电话;等一下
学会运用1: 从方框中选择适当的词填空
out around up
(1) He hung _________ the phone after hearing the bad news.
(2) Do you want to hang _________ after school today?
(3) You hang _________ here in case he comes, and he will
worry about you.
学会运用2: 这幅画太高了,我自己挂不上去。
The picture is too high. I can’t _________ _________ _________ by myself.
2 go shopping 去购物(教材P14)
归纳拓展
“go + 动词-ing 形式”意为“去进行某一项(休闲或娱乐性的)活动”。类似的短语还有:
go fishing 去钓鱼 go swimming 去游泳
go walking 去散步 go boating 去划船
“go to + 表示活动的名词”意为“去做某事”。如:go to the movies 去看电影; go to the party 去参加聚会。
学会运用3: My mother usually goes __________ (shop) in the morning.
学会运用4: 周末我喜欢待在家里而不是去购物。
I like staying at home instead of __________ __________ on weekends.
3 be careful with 注意;当心(教材P15)
归纳拓展
be careful with 意为“注意;当心”。其中careful为形容词,意为“小心;注意; 谨慎”。
careful 的其他常见用法:be careful 小心,当心
be careful of/about/with 注意……;留心……;当心……
be careful (not) to do sth. 小心/注意(不)做某事
学会运用5: —_________! The dog might bite.
—OK. Thank you.
A. Be sure B. Take careful
C. Be careful of D. Be careful
学会运用6: 做饭时用刀要小心点,不要伤了手指。
_________ _________ _________ the knife while cooking, and don’t cut your fingers.
4 clean up 清扫(教材P15)
归纳拓展
clean up 意为“清扫”,“动词+ 副词”结构的短语。
代词作宾语要放在clean 和up 之间。
“动词+ up”短语小结:
give up 放弃 put up 搭建;粘贴
look up 查阅;向上看 grow up 长大
wake up 醒来 make up 组成;编造
学会运用7: Tina can _______ her bedroom by herself. She doesn’t need her parents’ help.
A. get up B. clean up
C. cut up D. give up
学会运用8: 多么有意义的一天啊!我们自愿打扫我们的城市公园。
What a meaningful day! We volunteered _________ ________ ________ our city park.
1 Can / Could you please water the plants? 你能给植物浇一下水吗?(教材P12)
(分析结构) 本句是一般疑问句。Can/ Could 是情态动词,主语是you,谓语是water,宾语是the plants。其中please是一个礼貌用语,放在动词前表示请求或命令的礼貌性。
►Could you please clean our yard?你能打扫一下我们的院子吗?
►Sure, I can./ I’m afraid I can’t. 当然,我可以。/ 恐怕不能。
►-Could you please take out the garbage?你能帮忙倒一下垃圾吗?
-Sure, I’d be happy to./ I can’t at the moment, but I can help later. 当然可以,我很乐意。/ 我现在不能,但稍后可以帮忙。
could在此处不表示过去,而是表示委婉语气。
归纳拓展
Can /Could you (please) + 动词原形 + 其他?意为“请你……好吗?”,用来表示请求。
肯定回答:Certainly./ Of course./ With pleasure./No problem./Yes, sure.
否定回答:Sorry, I can’t./Certainly not./No, I’m afraid I can’t.
否定形式为“Could you (please) + not + 动词原形+其他?”
学会运用1: -Could you please turn off the TV?
-______, I _____. I want to watch the sports news.
A. No; couldn’t B. Sorry; can’t C. Sure; can D. Yes; couldn’t
学会运用2: -能请你把灯关掉吗?-当然可以。
-___________ ________ ________ turn off the light?-Of course.
2 Would you like to mop the floor or clean the windows? 你想拖地还是擦窗户?(教材P13)
本句为一般疑问句。主语是you,谓语是Would... like,宾语是to mop the floor 和clean the windows。用 or 连接,表示“或者”,让对方在这两个动作中做出选择, 不能用“Yes”或“No”来回答。
►Would you like to go swimming with me? 你想和我一起去游泳吗?
► I’d love to, but I’m very busy. 我想去,但我很忙。
►-Would you like some tea? 你想要一些茶吗?
-Yes, please./ No, thanks. 好的,谢谢。/ 不用了,谢谢。
►What would you like to do? 你想做什么?
-I’d like to visit the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. 我想参观港珠澳大桥。
归纳拓展
Would you like to do sth.?“你想做某事吗?”,表示征求意见。
肯定回答:Yes, I’d like/love to./That sounds like fun.
否定回答:Sorry, I’m afraid not./I’d love to, but...
Would you like sth.?“你想要某物吗?”,表示征求意见。
肯定回答:Yes, please.
否定回答:No, thanks.
What would you like (to do)?“你想要(做)什么?”,表示询问对方的意愿。回答:I’d like (to do)...
学会运用3: Would you like ________ (draw) a picture or read a book this afternoon?
学会运用4: 你今天下午想去动物园吗?
________ you like ________ ________ to the zoo this afternoon?
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