Unit 5单元练习2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级下册

八年级第二学期英语（沪教版）（2024）Unit 5 单元练习1 一、单词适当形式填空 1. Many people were __________ (save) from the tsunami by the little girl. 2. We should know the __________ (safe) rules when a typhoon comes. 3. It is __________ (care) of you to prepare everything for the disaster. 4. The flood __________ (lead) to a big landslide last summer. 5. They were __________ (scare) when they saw the huge waves. 6. The wind is blowing __________ (strong) outside. Don’t go out. 7. This is the __________ (two) time I have learned about tsunami signs. 8. The __________ (die) number in the earthquake was very large. 9. We should act __________ (quick) when a disaster happens. 10. The __________ (recover) of the city took a long time after the fire. 11. __________ (luck), the little boy survived the earthquake. 12. More and more people realize the __________ (important) of disaster education. 二、按要求改写句子 （一）句型转换 1. Tilly was a very clever girl.（改为感叹句） __________ __________ clever girl Tilly was! 2. People built many new houses after the earthquake.（改为被动语态） Many new houses __________ __________ by people after the earthquake. 3. We should stay away from tall trees during a thunderstorm.（对划线部分提问） __________ __________ we stay away from tall trees? 4. You should go out when the typhoon comes.（改为否定句） You __________ __________ go out when the typhoon comes. 5. He has known the early signs of a tsunami.（改为一般疑问句） __________ he __________ the early signs of a tsunami? 6. The earthquake seriously hit Wenchuan in 2008.（对划线部分提问） __________ __________ the earthquake seriously hit in 2008? （二）连词成句 1. know, should, early, we, tsunami, the, signs, of, a, stay, safe, to ____________________________________________________________________ 2. disaster, can, knowledge, help, us, from, protect, natural, a, ourselves ____________________________________________________________________ 三、完形填空 Natural disasters are powerful and dangerous. Learning about them can help us stay safe. In 79 CE, the volcano Vesuvius erupted. It __1__ the ancient city Pompeii. The city was buried under lava and ash. Many people died, but the city was __2__ for thousands of years. Later, people found the ruins and learned about the life there long ago. In 1906, a big earthquake shook San Francisco. Fires __3__ after the quake and burned for days. Thousands of people died, and many lost their homes. __4__, people started to rebuild the city soon. It became a big __5__ for earthquake study. Now we know more about natural disasters. We learn their causes and early __6__. We also learn what to do before, during and after a disaster. Before a disaster, we should prepare food, water and __7__ kits. During a disaster, we should stay __8__ and go to safe places. After a disaster, we should watch out for hidden dangers. Disaster knowledge can __9__ our lives. Everyone should learn and __10__ it. It helps us face nature’s power wisely. 1. A. built B. destroyed C. found D. protected 2. A. saved B. broken C. hidden D. lost 3. A. turned off B. broke out C. went out D. put out 4. A. But B. So C. However D. Because 5. A. reason B. test C. idea D. start 6. A. signs B. news C. reports D. words 7. A. food B. first-aid C. tool D. bag 8. A. busy B. noisy C. calm D. excited 9. A. give B. lose C. take D. save 10. A. forget B. remember C. refuse D. finish 四、阅读理解 Natural disasters are sudden natural events that cause great damage. Common ones include earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons, floods, heatwaves and volcanic eruptions. Earthquakes can happen at any time. They make the ground shake and can destroy buildings, bridges and roads. Tsunamis are huge sea waves usually caused by underwater earthquakes. They can reach the coast quickly and wash away everything near the sea. Typhoons bring strong wind, heavy rain and floods. They often hit coastal cities in summer and autumn. Floods come from too much rain or typhoons. They can cover fields and houses with water. Heatwaves are long periods of hot weather. They can make people sick and cause wildfires. Volcanic eruptions send out lava, ash and gas. They can bury towns and hurt people. But volcanoes also help make rich soil for farming. When disasters happen, the government sends rescue teams and provides food, water, tents and medicine. Schools teach students disaster safety knowledge. Knowing what to do can greatly reduce harm. We cannot stop natural disasters, but we can learn to protect ourselves. Learning early signs, preparing emergency kits and following safety rules are all useful. Being ready can help us stay safe when nature shows its power. 1. What usually causes tsunamis? A. Heatwaves B. Underwater earthquakes C. Heavy rain D. Wildfires 2. When do typhoons often hit coastal cities? A. In spring B. In winter C. In summer and autumn D. All year round 3. What do volcanic eruptions send out? A. Lava, ash and gas B. Fresh water C. Rich soil D. Strong wind 4. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A. Volcanoes are completely useless. B. Volcanoes have both bad and good sides. C. No one lives near volcanoes. D. Volcanoes only bring danger. 5. What does the fifth paragraph mainly tell us? A. Disasters are very terrible. B. People get help and learn safety knowledge. C. Rescue teams are brave. D. Students like learning disaster knowledge. 6. What is the main idea of the passage? A. We should learn to protect ourselves from natural disasters. B. Volcanoes can make rich soil. C. Typhoons bring heavy rain. D. Natural disasters are interesting. 五、任务型阅读 Writing a news report about natural disasters is a useful skill. A good news report has clear structure and correct facts. It usually includes a headline, lead paragraph, body and ending. The headline is short and tells the main event. The lead paragraph comes first. It answers the key questions: what, when, where, who and why. The body gives more details about the disaster, such as damage, death number and rescue work. The ending tells about future plans or rebuilding. When you write a news report, you should use past tense for the event and present perfect tense for rescue work. You should write in the third person and give true information. Do not add your own feelings. Making a leaflet is also helpful. A disaster leaflet for communities introduces a kind of disaster, its causes and effects. It tells people what to do before, during and after the disaster. It often uses clear pictures and simple language so everyone can understand easily. Leaflets can be put up in communities, schools and hospitals. They help people learn safety knowledge quickly. Good leaflets can save lives when disasters come. Task 1 回答问题 1. What does a good news report include? ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What does the lead paragraph answer? ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What tenses should we use in a news report? ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What does a community disaster leaflet tell people? ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Where can we put up disaster leaflets? ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Task 2 主观表达 6. Why is it helpful to make disaster leaflets for communities? (No more than 30 words) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、翻译题 1. 庞贝古城在79年被火山喷发掩埋，很多建筑被完好保存下来。（bury） ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 写自然灾害新闻报道时，我们应该使用正确时态并陈述真实事实。（report） ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 防灾宣传单能告诉人们在灾难前、中、后应该采取什么措施。（measure） ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 1906年旧金山地震后，人们迅速重建城市并开始科学研究地震。（rebuild） ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 了解自然灾害的早期迹象能帮助我们及时远离危险。（sign） ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 七、书面表达 以Why Disaster Education Is Important为题，写一篇短文。 要求： 1. 不少于80词； 2. 条理清晰，语句通顺，语法正确； 3. 适当使用连接词使文章具备一定的可读性。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案及解析 一、单词适当形式填空 1. saved 解析：被动语态，用过去分词。 2. safety 解析：safety rules 安全规则，用名词形式。 3. careful 解析：It is + 形容词 + of sb.，用careful。 4. led 解析：last summer用一般过去时，lead过去式led。 5. scared 解析：修饰人用scared，表示“感到害怕的”。 6. strongly 解析：修饰动词blow用副词strongly。 7. second 解析：表示“第二次”用序数词second。 8. death 解析：death number 死亡人数，用名词death。 9. quickly 解析：修饰动词act用副词quickly。 10. recovery 解析：the后接名词，recover变为recovery。 11. Luckily 解析：放句首修饰全句用副词Luckily。 12. importance 解析：the importance of……的重要性。 二、按要求改写句子 （一）句型转换 1. What a 解析：感叹句结构What a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语！ 2. were built 解析：一般过去时被动语态，houses复数用were built。 3. When should 解析：对时间提问用When，后加情态动词should。 4. had better not / should not 解析：should否定式为should not，也可用had better not。 5. Has; known 解析：现在完成时一般疑问句，has提前，动词用过去分词。 6. Where did 解析：对地点提问用Where，一般过去时加助动词did。 （二）连词成句 1. We should know the early signs of a tsunami to stay safe. 2. Knowledge can help us protect ourselves from a natural disaster. 三、完形填空 1. B 解析：火山喷发摧毁了庞贝古城，用destroyed。 2. C 解析：城市被掩埋隐藏了数千年，用hidden。 3. B 解析：break out （火灾、战争）爆发。 4. C 解析：however表示转折，常用逗号隔开。 5. D 解析：a big start 一个重要开端。 6. A 解析：early signs 早期迹象。 7. B 解析：first-aid kits 急救包。 8. C 解析：stay calm 保持冷静。 9. D 解析：save our lives 拯救我们的生命。 10. B 解析：remember it 记住这些知识。 四、阅读理解 1. B 解析：由第二段第二句可知，海啸由海底地震引起。 2. C 解析：由第三段第二句可知，台风常发生在夏秋季节。 3. A 解析：由第四段第一句可知，火山喷发喷出熔岩、火山灰和气体。 4. B 解析：由第四段推断，火山既有危害也能带来肥沃土壤。 5. B 解析：第五段讲人们获得援助并学习防灾知识。 6. A 解析：全文主旨是我们应学会保护自己免受自然灾害伤害。 五、任务型阅读 Task 1 1. It includes a headline, lead paragraph, body and ending. 2. It answers the key questions: what, when, where, who and why. 3. We should use past tense and present perfect tense. 4. It tells people what to do before, during and after the disaster. 5. We can put them up in communities, schools and hospitals. Task 2 6. They help people learn safety knowledge quickly and can save lives.（符合要求即可） 六、翻译题 1. The ancient city of Pompeii was buried by the volcanic eruption in 79 CE, and many buildings were well protected. 2. When we write a news report about natural disasters, we should use correct tenses and state true facts. 3. Disaster prevention leaflets can tell people what measures to take before, during and after a disaster. 4. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, people rebuilt the city quickly and started to study earthquakes scientifically. 5. Knowing the early signs of natural disasters can help us stay away from danger in time. 七、书面表达参考范文 Why Disaster Education Is Important Disaster education is very important for everyone. It teaches us useful knowledge and skills to face natural disasters. First, disaster education tells us different kinds of natural disasters and their causes. We can know the early signs of disasters and get ready early. Second, it teaches us safety rules. We learn what to do before, during and after disasters to protect ourselves and others. Third, it helps us stay calm when disasters come. Calm people can make right decisions quickly. Schools and communities should give more disaster education. Everyone should learn it carefully. With good disaster education, we can reduce harm and save more lives. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $