Unit 7 Grammar 课件 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

Charities Grammar use the passive voice in the simple present and past tenses correctly. At the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the differences between the passive voice and active voice. Read the text below and answer the questions. 1. What happened to the young boy in a car accident this January? 2. Who cured the young boy two months after the accident? 3. Who trains the local doctors and nurses? 4. What are improved with the help of Orbis and its volunteers? A young boy was blinded in a car accident in January this year. Two months later, he was cured by Orbis doctors. In addition to helping patients directly, Orbis does many other things. For example, local doctors and nurses are trained by Orbis so that they can better help patients. With the help of Orbis and its volunteers, the lives of many patients with eye problems all over the world are improved. 1 2 3 4 Pay attention to the red words. 1. What happened to the young boy in a car accident this January? 2. Who cured the young boy two months after the accident? 3. Who trains the local doctors and nurses? 4. What are improved with the help of Orbis and its volunteers? A young boy was blinded in a car accident in January this year. Two months later, he was cured by Orbis doctors. In addition to helping patients directly, Orbis does many other things. For example, local doctors and nurses are trained by Orbis so that they can better help patients. With the help of Orbis and its volunteers, the lives of many patients with eye problems all over the world are improved. 1 2 3 4 Active voice 主动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 Passtive voice 被动语态 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 Passtive voice in the simple past tense 如果我们需要指明动作的执行者，可以由by引出。 Passtive voice in the simple present tense 语态的定义 1 被动语态的构成 2 被动语态的用法 3 主动语态与被动语态的句式转化 4 Passive voice in the simple present and past tenses ② Operations are done by volunteer doctors on the plane. 语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。 ① Volunteer doctors do operations on the plane. 志愿医生在飞机上做手术。 手术由志愿医生在飞机上实施。 当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。 当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。 语态的定义 1 被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。 ① Sunglasses are used to protect people’s eyes. ② The house was built in 1940. 太阳镜被用来保护人们的眼睛。 这栋房子建于1940年。 一般现在时 am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词 一般过去时 was/were+及物动词的过去分词 被动语态的构成 2 We form the passive voice in the simple present tense like this: 主语 be动词 过去分词 一般现在时 I am supported. You/We/They are He/She/It is 一般现在时的被动语态的各类句式总结 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 例句 句式 These books are written for children. 主语 + am/is/are + V-ed (+by+动作执行者). These flowers are not watered by my mom. 主语 + am/is/are + not + V-ed (+by+动作执行者). Is King Lear written by Shakespeare? Am/Is/Are + 主语 + V-ed (+by+动作执行者)? Where are the cars made? 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + V-ed (+by+动作执行者)? We form the passive voice in the simple past tense like this: 主语 be动词 过去分词 一般过去时 I was supported. You/We/They were He/She/It was 一般过去时的被动语态的各类句式总结 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 例句 句式 He was invited to competitions around the world. 主语+ was/were + V-ed (+by+动作执行者). The windows were not broken by him. 主语 + was/were + not + V-ed (+by+动作执行者). Was your homework finished yesterday? Was/Were +主语+ V-ed (+by+动作执行者)? When were the Olympic Games founded? 疑问词 + was/were +主语 + V-ed (+by+动作执行者)? ＊Courses in traditional Chinese culture are taught in many schools. We use the passive voice when: (1) it is obvious who performs the action. 动作的执行者显而易见时。 ＊The toy is designed for children. (2) we do not know or do not need to know who performs the action. 我们不知道或者不需要知道动作的执行者时。 这款玩具是为孩子们设计的。 在很多学校，(老师)会教授中国传统文化方面的课程。 被动语态的用法 3 ＊My bike was repaired. ＊The lives of the patients with eye problems are improved. (3) the action is more important than the person who performs the action. 动作比执行动作的人更重要时。 我的自行车已经修好了。 患有眼部问题的患者的生活得到了改善。 ＊The dish smells good. ＊The music sounds nice. ＊The books sell well. ＊The pen writes smoothly. ①有些动词，其主动语态形式含有被动意义。如系动词smell, taste, sound, feel等。 这道菜闻起来很香。 这音乐听起来不错。 ②还有一些不及物动词，常用主动语态，和well, easily等副词连用，含有被动含义。 这些书很畅销。 这支笔写起来很顺滑。 ＊He was born in Nanjing. ＊This mobile phone was made in China. ③有些动词常用被动语态。 他生于南京。 这部手机是中国制造的。 ＊On the plane, volunteer doctors do operations. We can also introduce who or what performs an action in the passive voice using by. We put by and the performer after the verb. 我们也可以在被动语态中用“by”来引出动作的执行者。我们把“by”和执行者放在动词后面。 ＊Orbis doctors helped many blind people. ①将主动句的宾语改为被动句的主语 ②将主动句的谓语动词改为“be动词+及物动词的过去分词” ③将主动句的主语改为介词by加之后的宾语，并放在谓语动词之后，有时，介词by短语可以省略。 步骤 On the plane, operations are done by volunteer doctors. Many blind people were helped by Orbis doctors. 主动语态与被动语态的句式转化 4 ＊The teacher made him retell the story. → He was made to retell the story (by the teacher). ＊I heard him sing in the next room. → He was heard to sing in the next room. 主动句中，感官动词（如：hear, see, watch等）或使役动词（如：make、let、have等）跟宾语后再跟省略to的动词不定式，改为被动句后，省略的to要加上。 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，分两种情况 ①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变。 ②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前须有介词(一般是for或to)。 He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. The book was given to me by him. 直接宾语 间接宾语 →The young trees are taken care of by us. 短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动句后要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。 ＊We take care of the young trees. →The difficult Maths problem was worked out (by Daniel). ＊Daniel worked out the difficult Maths problem. 将下列句子改为被动语态。 P86 1. My father bought me a new bike last week. 2. The nurse took good care of the patient. 3. Did you see the man walk into the building? 4. When did Li Bai write the poem? 5. Cindy uses cloth bags in daily life. A new bike was bought for me (by my father) last week. The patient was taken good care of (by the nurse). Was the man seen to walk into the building (by you)? When was the poem written by Li Bai? Cloth bags are used by Cindy in daily life. Practice The Class 1, Grade 8 students are talking about different things they can do for those in need. Look at the pictures and help them complete their notes with the words in brackets and the passive voice. Add the word by when necessary. P99 A are planned to help the poor are handed out to people in the street by volunteers are sold to raise money were sent to children in need by the Class 1, Grade 8 students were collected for children in disaster areas was held in the school hall Mr Wu is telling the Class 1, Grade 8 students about what international charities do to help. Complete what he says with the words in brackets using the passive voice. Add the word by when necessary. B P99 is raised by different charities is used was founded are improved were helped by the education programmes are trained by the charity are created Amy and Daniel are talking about an international charity. Complete their conversation with the words in the box using the passive voice. Add the word by when necessary. C P100 is done by was founded are provided are fed was written by is helped by were supported by are carried out by A small charity sale is held in our school every term. It is organized by the Students’ Union to help children in need. Last week, a big one was held in the playground. Old books and toys were brought by some students. All the money was given to a primary school in the countryside. We felt so happy to help others. Write a short text about a charity activity at your school using the passive voice. D P100 hold donate collect organize provide sale experience Useful words 中考链接 1. Language learning apps ______ by more and more people these days. (2025北京) A. use B. used C. are used D. were used 2. Chinese __________ by more and more people around the world these days. (2024北京) A. speaks B. spoke C. is spoken D. was spoken 3. — It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to Nantong Music Festival. — I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business. (2024江苏南通) A. is held B. will be held C. was held D. held I. 单项选择。 1. While we were talking, a woman returned from helping someone sick in another part of the train. She _______________ (welcome) as a hero by all of the people. (2025山西省) 2. Usually, paper cuttings ____________ (put) on walls, windows and doors at wedding ceremonies or festivals. (2024西藏) 3. This stone bridge __________ (build) over 800 years ago. (2024江苏无锡) are put II. 单词填空。 was built was welcomed 主语+________ (not) + V-ed 主语+________ (not) + V-ed 一般现在时的被动语态的构成 一般过去时的被动语态的构成 am/is/are was/were 在被动语态的句子中，如果我们需要指出动作的执行者，可以由_____引出。 by 主动语态表示主语是动作的_______；被动语态表示主语是动作的________。 执行者 承受者 I. 单项选择。 ( ) 1. The soup will taste better if some more salt ________ in it. A. puts B. will put C. is put D. will be put ( ) 2. In the snowstorm last winter, about 50 percent of the sheep on the farm _______. A. killed B. were killed C. was killed D. were killing ( ) 3. Daisy sent me a pen yesterday. I like it because it 　__________. A. is written well B. writes well C. was written well D. wrote well C B B ( ) 4. Many trees ______ in our city every year. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. were planted ( ) 5. The fish ______ good. Let’s eat it now. A. tastes B. is tasted C. taste D. tasted B A Ⅱ. 请把下列句子改成被动语态。 1. How do people celebrate the Spring Festival? How ______ the Spring Festival _________________ ________? 2. My mother made me some beef noodles. Some beef noodles _________________ by my mother. 3. The girl looks after the pet cats every day. The pet cats ____________________ the girl every day. is celebrated (by people) were made for me are looked after by 4. Someone saw a big bird flying in the sky this morning. A big bird ______________________ in the sky this morning. 5. They make their son learn swimming at the weekend. Their son ______________________ swimming at the weekend. was seen flying is made to learn Can you understand the differences between the passive voice and active voice? Can you use the passive voice in the simple present and past tenses correctly? 1. Write a notice to recruit volunteers for the Students’ Union using the passive voice. Add the word by when necessary. 2. Preview Integration on pages 101-104. $