Unit 7 The value of money 金钱的价值（话题阅读精练）英语新教材冀教版八年级下册

Unit 7 The value of money 金钱的价值 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 212 本文介绍了人类支付方式从物物交换、实物货币、金属钱币、纸币到移动支付的演变历程，展现了文明进步对交易方式的推动。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 220 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Emma听到家附近商店大减价很兴奋，想和妈妈去购物，妈妈询问她想买什么，提醒她已有足够衣服，还向她解释了“需求”和“欲望”的区别，告诉她理解这两者能更好地做出花钱的选择。 实战演练 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 219 本文讲述了中国第一位女空降兵马旭将毕生积蓄1000万元捐给家乡木兰县的事迹。文章介绍了她的职业经历、科研成就、简朴生活以及捐款的初衷，体现了她对教育和家乡的深厚情感。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 229 本文围绕金钱展开，介绍了金钱的定义与作用，明确区分了生活中的 “需求（needs）” 与 “欲望（wants）”，指出了盲目消费的问题，并给出了理性消费、明智用钱的实用建议，强调金钱并非万能，要学会区分需求与欲望、合理使用金钱。 Passage3 完形填空 说明文 198 本文主要介绍了认识世界的重要性。 Passage4 完形填空 说明文 195 本文主要介绍了货币的发展历程以及如何理性消费。 Passage5 完形填空 说明文 179 本文围绕金钱的价值展开，介绍了金钱的作用，区分了“需求” 与“欲望”，并给出了理性消费、明智用钱的方法，强调金钱并非万能，要珍惜所拥有的东西。 时文阅读 Passage1 In ancient times, people had no money at all. To get necessary food and clothes, they used the barter system . This means people exchanged their own goods for others’ things. However, this way was not convenient. It always took people lots of time to find the right trading partners. To solve the problem, people began to use special valuable things as money. Seashells, salt and farm products were popular in different parts of the world. As time went by, metal coins took the place of these early goods. Coins were strong, easy to carry and count, so they became the main payment way for thousands of years. The world’s first paper money was created in China during the Song Dynasty. Compared with heavy metal coins, paper money was much lighter and safer. It greatly improved people’s daily trade and shopping. With the rapid development of modern technology, payment ways have changed greatly. People used bank cards years ago, and now mobile payment has become the most popular choice in China. People can finish their payment in seconds with a smartphone. From barter to mobile payment, every change of payment ways shows the progress of human civilization. 在古代，人们根本没有货币。为了获取必需的食物和衣物，人们采用物物交换制度。也就是说，人们用自己的物品去换取别人的东西。然而，这种方式很不方便。人们往往要花费大量时间，才能找到合适的交易对象。 为了解决这个问题，人们开始把一些稀有贵重的物品当作货币。贝壳、食盐和农产品曾在世界各地广为流通。随着时间推移，金属钱币取代了这些早期实物货币。钱币坚固耐用、便于携带和计算，数千年来一直成为主要的支付方式。 世界上最早的纸币诞生于中国宋朝。和沉重的金属钱币相比，纸币更轻便、也更安全，极大便利了人们的日常交易与购物。 随着现代科技的飞速发展，支付方式发生了巨大变化。几年前人们使用银行卡，如今移动支付已成为中国最主流的选择。人们只用一部智能手机，几秒钟就能完成付款。 从物物交换到移动支付，支付方式的每一次变革，都见证了人类文明的进步。 【长难句分析】 ‌1.To get necessary food and clothes, they used the barter system . ‌翻译:‌ 为了获得必需的食物和衣物，他们采用了物物交换制度。 ‌重点:‌ 目的状语 + 主谓宾 句式：不定式作目的状语 To get necessary food and clothes 是动词不定式短语，放句首表目的，译为 “为了……” 主干：they used the barter system（主语 they + 谓语 used + 宾语 the barter system） 知识点： 不定式放句首，常用逗号和主句隔开； necessary 形容词作定语，修饰 food and clothes。 ‌2.It always took people lots of time to find the right trading partners. ‌翻译:‌ 人们总要花费大量时间才能找到合适的交易伙伴。 ‌重点:固定句型：It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间 It：形式主语，无实际含义 always took：谓语 people：间接宾语 lots of time：直接宾语 to find the right trading partners：真正主语（不定式短语） 核心用法：英语惯用 it 作形式主语，把真正的不定式主语后置，避免句子头重脚轻。 ‌3.Compared with heavy metal coins, paper money was much lighter and safer. ‌翻译:‌ 与沉重的金属钱币相比，纸币要轻便得多、也安全得多。 重点：结构：过去分词作比较状语 + 主系表 Compared with...：过去分词短语作状语，固定搭配 be compared with（与…… 相比），省略 be 动词，直接用Compared with放句首。 much lighter and safer： lighter / safer 是形容词比较级 much 修饰比较级，表示 “…… 得多”，用来加强程度。 主干：paper money was lighter and safer（主系表结构） 【重难词汇梳理】 英文单词 / 短语 音标 中文释义 重点用法 / 考点 ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ 古代的；古老的 in ancient times 在古代 barter /ˈbɑːtə(r)/ 物物交换 barter system 物物交换制度 exchange /ɪkˈsteɪndʒ/ v. 交换；兑换 exchange A for B 用 A 换 B convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ 方便的；便利的 反义词 inconvenient 不方便的 trading partner /ˈtreɪdɪŋ ˈpɑːtnə(r)/ 交易伙伴 trade v. 交易；买卖 valuable /ˈvæljuəbl/ 有价值的；贵重的 valuable things 贵重物品 take the place of /teɪk ðə pleɪs ɒv/ 取代；代替 同义：replace create /kriˈeɪt/ 创造；发明 be created in… 诞生于…… dynasty /ˈdaɪnəsti/ 朝代；王朝 the Song Dynasty 宋朝 compared with /kəmˈpeəd wɪð/ 与…… 相比 常放句首作状语 rapid /ˈræpɪd/ 迅速的；快速的 rapid development 飞速发展 civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ 文明 human civilization 人类文明 Passage2 Needs or wants?需求还是欲望？ Emma was excited when she heard about a big sale at a store near her home. Everything was 20% off, and she wanted to go shopping with her mum, Mrs Carson. 艾玛听说家附近的商场要大促销，心里十分兴奋。所有商品全都八折优惠，她想和妈妈卡森太太一起去逛街。 Mrs Carson asked Emma what she wanted to buy, but Emma wasn’t sure yet. She saw a pretty cotton dress, a nice blouse, and some cool shoes. However, her mum reminded her that she already had enough clothes. “You already have so many blouses, Emma. I don’t think you need any more,” Mrs Carson said. 卡森太太问艾玛想买些什么，可艾玛自己还不确定。她看中了一条漂亮的棉质连衣裙、一件好看的女式衬衫，还有几双时髦的鞋子。然而妈妈提醒她，她的衣服已经够多了。“艾玛，你已经有很多件衬衫了，我觉得你不需要再买了。” 卡森太太说道。 Disappointed, Emma thought for a moment and said, “They used to be very expensive, but now they’re cheap...” 艾玛有些失望，想了一会儿说：“这些东西以前都很贵，现在便宜了……” Mrs Carson smiled and explained, “It’s not just about the price, Emma. We should spend money wisely. Before buying something, we should consider our needs and wants.” 卡森太太笑了笑，解释道：“艾玛，花钱不能只看价格。我们要理智消费。在买东西之前，要分清生活必需和内心想要。” Curious to learn more, Emma asked, “What do you mean by needs and wants, Mum?” 艾玛很好奇，追问道：“妈妈，必需和想要是什么意思呀？” Patiently, Mrs Carson explained, “Needs are things that we must have, like food, clothes, and a safe home. Wants, on the other hand, are things that we desire but can live without. It’s important to make smart choices with our money.” 卡森太太耐心解释：“必需品是我们生活中必不可少的东西，比如食物、衣物和安全的住所。而欲望之物，是我们渴望拥有、但没有也能正常生活的东西。学会理智取舍、合理花钱非常重要。 Emma started to realise how important it was to manage money wisely. By understanding the difference between needs and wants, she knew that she could make better decisions about money. 艾玛开始明白，明智理财有多重要。弄懂了必需品和欲望之物的区别后，她知道自己以后能在花钱上做出更合理的选择。 【长难句分析】 1.Emma was excited when she heard about a big sale at a store near her home. ‌翻译:‌ 艾玛听说家附近的一家商店要大促销，心里很兴奋。 主句：Emma was excited（主系表：主语 Emma + 系动词 was + 表语 excited） 时间状语从句：when she heard about a big sale at a store near her home when：连词，引导时间状语从句，意为 “当…… 的时候” she heard about：从句主谓，hear about 意为 “听说” a big sale：宾语，“大促销” at a store near her home：地点状语，“在她家附近的一家商店”（near her home 后置定语修饰 store） 核心结构：主句 + when 时间状语从句，描述 “某人在某时的心情 / 状态”，作文常用。 2.Needs are things that we must have, like food, clothes, and a safe home. ‌翻译:‌ 必需品是我们必须拥有的东西，比如食物、衣服和安全的住所。 ‌重点:主句：Needs are things（主系表：主语 Needs + 系动词 are + 表语 things） 定语从句：that we must have，修饰先行词 things that：关系代词，在从句中作宾语，可省略 we must have：从句主谓，“我们必须拥有” 插入语：like food, clothes, and a safe home，举例说明 things，“比如……” 核心结构：先行词 + that 定语从句，用于解释名词。 3.By understanding the difference between needs and wants, she knew that she could make better decisions about money. ‌翻译:‌ 通过分清必需品和欲望之物的区别，她明白自己能在花钱上做出更明智的决定。 ‌重点: 方式状语：By understanding the difference between needs and wants By + doing：介词短语作方式状语，“通过做某事” understanding：动名词 the difference between A and B：“A 与 B 之间的区别” 主句：she knew that…（主谓宾：主语 she + 谓语 knew + 宾语从句） 宾语从句：that she could make better decisions about money that：引导宾语从句，无实义，可省略 make decisions about…：“对…… 做出决定” 核心结构：By doing…, sb. knew that…，表 “通过……，某人明白……”，议论文常用。 【重难点单词梳理】 英文单词 / 短语 音标 中文释义 重点用法 / 考点 sale /seɪl/ 促销；廉价出售 big sale 大促销；on sale 打折出售 excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ 兴奋的 be excited about… 对…… 感到兴奋（修饰人） remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/ 提醒；使想起 remind sb. that… 提醒某人……；remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ 失望的 be disappointed 感到失望（修饰人） explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ 解释；说明 explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事；explain that… 解释…… wisely /ˈwaɪzli/ 明智地；聪明地 spend money wisely 理智消费；形容词 wise 明智的 consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/ 考虑；认为 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/ 好奇的 be curious about… 对…… 好奇；be curious to do sth. 好奇做某事 patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ 耐心的；病人 副词 patiently 耐心地；be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心 desire /dɪˈzaɪə(r)/ v. 渴望；n. 欲望 desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ 管理；经营 manage money 理财；manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 difference /ˈdɪfrəns/ 区别；差异 the difference between A and B A 与 B 的区别；形容词 different 不同的 decision /dɪˈsɪʒn/ 决定 make a decision 做决定；make better decisions 做出更明智的决定 实战演练 Passage1 What do you do with your money? Everyone makes their own choices. Here’s a great example of what to do with money. Ma Xu realised another dream at age 86 by donating 10 million yuan of her life savings to her hometown, Mulan County. The donation was made up of earnings from scientific research and patent transfers. Ma was born in a doctor’s family in Mulan County. She joined the PLA as a doctor in 1947. After many years of hard learning and training, she became China’s first female paratrooper in 1961. Ma and her husband put their hearts into research. They have gotten two invention patents and published more than 100 papers. Ma has also developed many traditional Chinese medical prescriptions. Now, they live a very simple life in a small house in Wuhan. They still use the same hard bed from the 1970s and their sofas are over 50 years old. They usually wear their military uniforms. Ma misses her hometown very much. In 2018, they decided to donate all their savings to Mulan County. Ma believes that better education can change lives. She is happy to help teenagers in her hometown with her savings. True happiness can be found not in material things, but in the ability to make a difference in the lives of others. 1．What was Ma Xu’s job when she joined the PLA? A．A paratrooper. B．A doctor. C．A teacher. D．A scientist. 2．When did Ma Xu become China’s first female paratrooper? A．In 1947. B．In 1961. C．In 2018. D．At age 86. 3．How much money did Ma Xu donate to Mulan County? A．One million yuan. B．Ten million yuan. C．One hundred million yuan. D．One thousand yuan. 4．Where did the donated money come from? A．Her family. B．The government. C．Her research and patent transfers. D．Her friends. 5．What does Ma Xu believe can change lives? A．Material things. B．Better education. C．Military uniforms. D．Old furniture. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．B 1．根据第一段第二句：“She joined the PLA as a doctor in 1947.” 可知，她加入解放军时的职业是医生。 2．根据第一段第三句：“After many years of hard learning and training, she became China’s first female paratrooper in 1961.” 3．根据第一段第一句：“donating 10 million yuan of her life savings to her hometown, Mulan County.” 4．根据第一段最后一句：“The donation was made up of earnings from scientific research and patent transfers.” 5．根据最后一段第一句：“Ma believes that better education can change lives.” Passage2 Money, Needs and Wants Money is a medium of exchange that we use to buy things. It is important because it helps us get the things we need in daily life. But money is not everything. There are many things that are more valuable than money, such as health, family, love and friendship. To manage money wisely, we need to know the difference between needs and wants. Needs are things that we must have to live, like food, clothes, a safe home and basic medical care. Without these things, we cannot live a normal life. Wants, on the other hand, are things that we desire but can live without, like new clothes, expensive toys, fancy phones and travel. Many people make mistakes by spending too much money on wants. For example, some people buy new shoes even though they already have many pairs, just because the shoes are on sale. This kind of spending is unreasonable and a waste of money. To make smart choices with money, we can follow some tips. First, make a shopping list before going shopping, which can help you avoid buying unnecessary things. Second, when you see something you want, wait for a day or two before buying it. You may find you don’t really need it after thinking. Third, plan how much money you can spend on wants, so that you won’t overspend. 1．What is money according to the passage? A．A kind of tool to help us get rich. B．A medium of exchange to buy things. C．A thing that can buy everything. D．A symbol of success in life. 2．Which of the following is a “need”? A．A new phone. B．A fancy dress. C．Food and clothes. D．A trip abroad. 3．What is the difference between needs and wants? A．Needs are things we can live without, while wants are things we must have. B．Needs are expensive, while wants are cheap. C．Needs are things we must have, while wants are things we desire but can live without. D．Needs are for children, while wants are for adults. 4．What tip is mentioned to make smart choices with money? A．Buy things on sale as much as possible. B．Wait for a day or two before buying something you want. C．Spend all your money on wants. D．Never buy anything you want. 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Money is everything in our life. B．We should spend all our money on wants. C．We should tell the difference between needs and wants and use money wisely. D．We should never buy anything we want. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．C 1．根据第一段第一句“Money is a medium of exchange that we use to buy things.”可知，明确说明金钱是用来购买物品的交换媒介，对应B选项。 2．根据文章第二段“Needs are things that we must have to live, like food, clothes, a safe home and basic medical care.”可知，食物和衣物属于人类生存必需的“需求”；新手机、精美连衣裙、出国旅行都属于非必需的“欲望”之物。 3．根据文章第二段内容“Needs are things that we must have to live...Wants, on the other hand, are things that we desire but can live without...”，原文清晰说明了二者的区别：需求是我们生存必需拥有的东西，欲望只是我们渴望但没有也可以正常生活的东西，对应C选项。 4．根据文章第四段给出的明智消费建议，第二条明确提到“Second, when you see something you want, wait for a day or two before buying it.”，和B选项描述完全一致。 5．通读全文可知，文章核心观点就是：我们要区分需求和欲望的区别，学会明智地使用金钱，对应C选项。 Passage3 The world is a wonderful place. We live on a beautiful planet—Earth. It is important for us to know our world well.There are seven 1 on the earth. Many people live and work in different countries. We can know about the world by 2 geography.We can learn about many things from geography. We can learn about rivers, mountains, lakes and 3 kinds of land. We can also learn about different countries and 4 .There are many great places around the world. Some places are famous for their beautiful nature, and some are famous for their long 5 .We can also learn about body language. Different countries have different body languages. For example, nodding means “yes” in most countries, but it is not 6 in all countries.We can 7 the world in many ways. We can read books, travel to different places or learn from teachers. Knowing the world makes our life more 8 .We should be friendly to people from different countries. We should respect different cultures. Let’s know more about the world and 9 more friends.It’s fun to know our world. It helps us grow and learn more. We will have a better 10 of the world. 1．A．cities B．continents C．towns 2．A．learning B．watching C．seeing 3．A．same B．different C．difficult 4．A．cultures B．food C．clothes 5．A．history B．story C．place 6．A．true B．wrong C．good 7．A．look B．know C．like 8．A．boring B．interesting C．tiring 9．A．make B．take C．bring 10．A．understanding B．end C．way 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．A 10．A 1．句意：地球上有七大洲。 常识告诉我们地球分为七大洲（亚洲、非洲、北美洲等），而“cities”（城市）数量成千上万，“towns”（城镇）也很多，故“continents”最符合。 2．句意：我们可以通过学习地理来了解世界。 “by doing”表示方式。“learning geography”意为学习地理学科；“watching/seeing geography”搭配不当，地理不是用来“看”的。 3．句意：我们可以学习河流、山脉、湖泊以及不同种类的陆地。 上文列举了多种地形，这里需要表示“多样的”，“different”符合；“same”意思相反，“difficult”（困难的）与语境无关。 4．句意：我们还可以学习不同的国家和文化。 国家和文化常并列讨论；“food”（食物）和“clothes”（衣服）范围太窄，不是地理学习的主要内容。 5．句意：有些地方以其悠久的历史而闻名。 “long history”是常见搭配；“story”（故事）通常不用于修饰“long”描述一个地方；“place”本身与“famous for their long place”不通。 6．句意：例如，在大多数国家点头表示“是”，但这并非在所有国家都成立。 “not true”意为“不真实/不正确”；“wrong”语气较强（错误），也可接受，但“true”更常用在此结构；“good”不合逻辑。 7．句意：我们可以通过许多方式认识世界。 “know the world”是固定表达；“look the world”缺介词（应为look at），“like the world”意为“喜欢世界”，偏离上下文。 8．句意：了解世界使我们的生活更有趣。 根据全文积极、探索的基调，世界带来的是“有趣”而非“无聊”或“疲惫”。 9．句意：让我们更多地了解世界，结交更多的朋友。 “make friends”是固定搭配；“take friends”和“bring friends”不符合习惯表达。 10．句意：我们将对世界有更好的理解。 “a better understanding”意为“更深刻的理解”；“end”（终结），“way”（方式）均不符合句意。 Passage 4 Money plays an important role in our daily lives. But what exactly is money? In the past, there was no money. People used to 1 things they had for things they needed. 2 on, they began to use shells as money. Then, coins made of metals appeared. They were usually 3 the shape of a circle. Today, we use paper money and even digital money. We can just use our mobile phones to 4 for things. Although money is useful, we should learn how to use it wisely. Sometimes we want to buy a lot of things, but we don’t really 5 them. There is a big difference between “needs” and “wants”. We should spend our 6 money on things we truly need, like books or food, 7 of buying too many toys. It’s a good idea to make a 8 and save some money every month. Besides, money isn’t everything. It cannot buy true friendship or health. We should put our 9 into our studies and family. Many rich people choose to 10 their money to help those in need. Let’s remember the true value of money and make a difference in the world. 1．A．trade B．sell C．buy D．invent 2．A．Soon B．Later C．Before D．After 3．A．at B．on C．with D．in 4．A．look B．wait C．pay D．search 5．A．want B．need C．miss D．make 6．A．pocket B．public C．heavy D．safe 7．A．because B．out C．instead D．thanks 8．A．choice B．budget C．mistake D．noise 9．A．money B．hands C．foot D．heart 10．A．donate B．borrow C．waste D．hide 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A 1．句意：人们过去常常用他们拥有的东西换取他们需要的东西。 此处指无货币时代人们用拥有的东西换取需要的东西，trade“交易，互相交换”。sell“卖”、buy“买”和invent“发明”均不符合。 2．句意：后来，他们开始使用贝壳作为货币。 空后有介词on，此处表示“后来，之后”，用Later on，用于引出货币出现的情况。Soon“很快”、Before“在……之前”和After“在……之后”均不符合。 3．句意：它们通常呈圆形。 此处表示货币的形状，in the shape of表示“呈……形状”。 4．句意：我们可以用手机支付货款。 根据上文“Today, we use paper money and even digital money.”可知，此处表示买东西用手机支付，pay for“支付”。look“看”、wait“等待”和search“搜索”均不符合。 5．句意：有时我们想买很多东西，但我们并不真正需要它们。 上文说要理智消费，所以是有时会买一些不是真正需要的东西，need“需要”。want“想要”、miss“思念；错过”和make“制作”均不符合。 6．句意：我们应该把零花钱花在真正需要的东西上，比如书或食物，而不是买太多的玩具。 此处指学生的零花钱，用pocket money“零花钱”。public“公共的”、heavy“重的”和safe“安全的”均不符合。 7．句意：我们应该把零花钱花在真正需要的东西上，比如书或食物，而不是买太多的玩具。 “书或食物”是真正需要的东西，此处表示相反的情况，“买太多的玩具”不是推崇的行为，用instead of“而不是”。because“因为”、out“从……中出来”和thanks“感谢”均不符合。 8．句意：制定预算并每月节省一些钱是个好主意。 结合“save some money”可知，与省钱相关的是制定预算，budget“预算”。choice“选择”、mistake“错误”和noise“噪音”均不符合。 9．句意：我们应该把心放在学习和家庭上。 上文提到钱不是万能的，所以我们应该把心思放在学习和家庭上，heart“心”，put one’s heart into“全心全意投入”。money“钱”、hands“手”和foot“脚”均不符合。 10．句意：许多富人选择捐款帮助有需要的人。 根据“their money to help those in need”可知，此处说的是富人的捐款助人行为，donate“捐赠”。borrow“借入”、waste“浪费”和hide“隐藏”均不符合。 Passage 5 Money is important in our life, but it is not everything. Money is a medium of exchange 1 we use to buy goods and services. It helps us get the things we 2 , like food, clothes and a safe home. However, there are many things 3 are more valuable than money, such as health, happiness, love and family. We should learn to tell the difference between needs and wants. Needs are things we must have to live a 4 life. Wants are things we desire but can live 5 . Many people buy things they don’t really need just because of sales, which is a waste of money. To use money wisely, we should make 6 choices. When we want to buy something, we should 7 first. We can make a shopping list to 8 ourselves from buying unnecessary things. We should also plan how much we can spend, so that we won’t overspend. Remember: money can buy many things, but it can’t buy everything. Use money 9 and responsibly, and always be 10 for what you have. 1．A．who B．which C．what D．whom 2．A．need B．want C．like D．love 3．A．that B．who C．whom D．whose 4．A．hard B．difficult C．normal D．rich 5．A．with B．without C．in D．on 6．A．smart B．expensive C．quick D．easy 7．A．think twice B．buy at once C．ask others D．borrow money 8．A．protect B．encourage C．allow D．prevent 9．A．carelessly B．wisely C．quickly D．easily 10．A．sorry B．grateful C．worried D．sad 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．B 1．句意：金钱是一种交换媒介，我们用它来购买商品和服务。 本句是定语从句，先行词a medium of exchange（交换媒介）是事物，从句中缺少宾语，指代事物作宾语用关系代词which。who/whom用于指代人，what不能引导定语从句，故排除A、C、D。 2．句意：它帮助我们得到我们需要的东西，比如食物、衣服和安全的家。 后文列举的“food, clothes and a safe home”是生活必需的东西，need“需要”符合语境。 3．句意：然而，有很多比金钱更有价值的东西，比如健康、幸福、爱和家庭。 本句是定语从句，先行词many things是事物，从句中缺少主语，指代事物作主语用关系代词that。who/whom用于指代人，whose表示所属关系，故排除 B、C、D。 4．句意：需求是我们必须拥有才能过上正常生活的东西。 根据第二段第一句“We should learn to tell the difference between needs and wants.”，需求是维持生存的必需品，是过上正常生活必不可少的，normal词义为“正常的”，符合文意。live a normal life意为 “过正常的生活”。 5．句意：欲望是我们渴望但没有也能活下去的东西。 本段是区分needs（需求）和wants（欲望），需求是必需的，欲望是非必需的，即没有欲望也可以生存，without词义为“没有”，符合逻辑。 6．句意：为了明智地使用金钱，我们应该做出明智的选择。 根据第三段开头“To use money wisely”及常识可知，想要明智用钱，就要做出明智的选择，smart词义为“明智的”，符合文意。 7．句意：当我们想买东西时，我们应该三思而后行。 根据后文“We can make a shopping list...We should also plan how much we can spend”可知，买东西前需要提前规划，所以要先再三思考，think twice词义为“再三考虑，三思”，符合理性消费的要求。 8．句意：我们可以列购物清单，防止自己购买不必要的东西。 列购物清单是提前预防不必要消费的行为，固定搭配prevent sb from doing sth表示“防止某人做某事”，符合文意和搭配，更侧重提前防范，符合列清单的目的。protect sb from doing sth“保护某人免受（伤害、危险等）”，和本题无关，排除。其他两项不符合语境，排除。 9．句意：明智且负责任地使用金钱，并且永远对你所拥有的东西心存感激。 根据第三段开头“To use money wisely”，全文都在倡导理性明智地使用金钱，wisely词义为“明智地”，符合全文核心观点。 10．句意：明智且负责任地使用金钱，并且永远对你所拥有的东西心存感激。 根据全文最后的总结，金钱买不到一切，人应当对自己已有的东西心怀感恩，grateful词义为“感激的”，固定搭配be grateful for表示“对……心怀感激”，符合文意。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 The value of money 金钱的价值 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 212 本文介绍了人类支付方式从物物交换、实物货币、金属钱币、纸币到移动支付的演变历程，展现了文明进步对交易方式的推动。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 220 本文讲述了Emma听到家附近商店大减价很兴奋，想和妈妈去购物，妈妈询问她想买什么，提醒她已有足够衣服，还向她解释了“需求”和“欲望”的区别，告诉她理解这两者能更好地做出花钱的选择。 实战演练 Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 219 本文讲述了中国第一位女空降兵马旭将毕生积蓄1000万元捐给家乡木兰县的事迹。文章介绍了她的职业经历、科研成就、简朴生活以及捐款的初衷，体现了她对教育和家乡的深厚情感。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 229 本文围绕金钱展开，介绍了金钱的定义与作用，明确区分了生活中的 “需求（needs）” 与 “欲望（wants）”，指出了盲目消费的问题，并给出了理性消费、明智用钱的实用建议，强调金钱并非万能，要学会区分需求与欲望、合理使用金钱。 Passage3 完形填空 说明文 198 本文主要介绍了认识世界的重要性。 Passage4 完形填空 说明文 195 本文主要介绍了货币的发展历程以及如何理性消费。 Passage5 完形填空 说明文 179 本文围绕金钱的价值展开，介绍了金钱的作用，区分了“需求” 与“欲望”，并给出了理性消费、明智用钱的方法，强调金钱并非万能，要珍惜所拥有的东西。 Passage1时文阅读 In ancient times, people had no money at all. To get necessary food and clothes, they used the barter system . This means people exchanged their own goods for others’ things. However, this way was not convenient. It always took people lots of time to find the right trading partners. To solve the problem, people began to use special valuable things as money. Seashells, salt and farm products were popular in different parts of the world. As time went by, metal coins took the place of these early goods. Coins were strong, easy to carry and count, so they became the main payment way for thousands of years. The world’s first paper money was created in China during the Song Dynasty. Compared with heavy metal coins, paper money was much lighter and safer. It greatly improved people’s daily trade and shopping. With the rapid development of modern technology, payment ways have changed greatly. People used bank cards years ago, and now mobile payment has become the most popular choice in China. People can finish their payment in seconds with a smartphone. From barter to mobile payment, every change of payment ways shows the progress of human civilization. 在古代，人们根本没有货币。为了获取必需的食物和衣物，人们采用物物交换制度。也就是说，人们用自己的物品去换取别人的东西。然而，这种方式很不方便。人们往往要花费大量时间，才能找到合适的交易对象。 为了解决这个问题，人们开始把一些稀有贵重的物品当作货币。贝壳、食盐和农产品曾在世界各地广为流通。随着时间推移，金属钱币取代了这些早期实物货币。钱币坚固耐用、便于携带和计算，数千年来一直成为主要的支付方式。 世界上最早的纸币诞生于中国宋朝。和沉重的金属钱币相比，纸币更轻便、也更安全，极大便利了人们的日常交易与购物。 随着现代科技的飞速发展，支付方式发生了巨大变化。几年前人们使用银行卡，如今移动支付已成为中国最主流的选择。人们只用一部智能手机，几秒钟就能完成付款。 从物物交换到移动支付，支付方式的每一次变革，都见证了人类文明的进步。 【长难句分析】 ‌1.To get necessary food and clothes, they used the barter system . ‌翻译:‌ 为了获得必需的食物和衣物，他们采用了物物交换制度。 ‌重点:‌ 目的状语 + 主谓宾 句式：不定式作目的状语 To get necessary food and clothes 是动词不定式短语，放句首表目的，译为 “为了……” 主干：they used the barter system（主语 they + 谓语 used + 宾语 the barter system） 知识点： 不定式放句首，常用逗号和主句隔开； necessary 形容词作定语，修饰 food and clothes。 ‌2.It always took people lots of time to find the right trading partners. ‌翻译:‌ 人们总要花费大量时间才能找到合适的交易伙伴。 ‌重点:固定句型：It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间 It：形式主语，无实际含义 always took：谓语 people：间接宾语 lots of time：直接宾语 to find the right trading partners：真正主语（不定式短语） 核心用法：英语惯用 it 作形式主语，把真正的不定式主语后置，避免句子头重脚轻。 ‌3.Compared with heavy metal coins, paper money was much lighter and safer. ‌翻译:‌ 与沉重的金属钱币相比，纸币要轻便得多、也安全得多。 重点：结构：过去分词作比较状语 + 主系表 Compared with...：过去分词短语作状语，固定搭配 be compared with（与…… 相比），省略 be 动词，直接用Compared with放句首。 much lighter and safer： lighter / safer 是形容词比较级 much 修饰比较级，表示 “…… 得多”，用来加强程度。 主干：paper money was lighter and safer（主系表结构） 【重难词汇梳理】 英文单词 / 短语 音标 中文释义 重点用法 / 考点 ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ 古代的；古老的 in ancient times 在古代 barter /ˈbɑːtə(r)/ 物物交换 barter system 物物交换制度 exchange /ɪkˈsteɪndʒ/ v. 交换；兑换 exchange A for B 用 A 换 B convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ 方便的；便利的 反义词 inconvenient 不方便的 trading partner /ˈtreɪdɪŋ ˈpɑːtnə(r)/ 交易伙伴 trade v. 交易；买卖 valuable /ˈvæljuəbl/ 有价值的；贵重的 valuable things 贵重物品 take the place of /teɪk ðə pleɪs ɒv/ 取代；代替 同义：replace create /kriˈeɪt/ 创造；发明 be created in… 诞生于…… dynasty /ˈdaɪnəsti/ 朝代；王朝 the Song Dynasty 宋朝 compared with /kəmˈpeəd wɪð/ 与…… 相比 常放句首作状语 rapid /ˈræpɪd/ 迅速的；快速的 rapid development 飞速发展 civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ 文明 human civilization 人类文明 Passage2 Needs or wants?需求还是欲望？ Emma was excited when she heard about a big sale at a store near her home. Everything was 20% off, and she wanted to go shopping with her mum, Mrs Carson. 艾玛听说家附近的商场要大促销，心里十分兴奋。所有商品全都八折优惠，她想和妈妈卡森太太一起去逛街。 Mrs Carson asked Emma what she wanted to buy, but Emma wasn’t sure yet. She saw a pretty cotton dress, a nice blouse, and some cool shoes. However, her mum reminded her that she already had enough clothes. “You already have so many blouses, Emma. I don’t think you need any more,” Mrs Carson said. 卡森太太问艾玛想买些什么，可艾玛自己还不确定。她看中了一条漂亮的棉质连衣裙、一件好看的女式衬衫，还有几双时髦的鞋子。然而妈妈提醒她，她的衣服已经够多了。“艾玛，你已经有很多件衬衫了，我觉得你不需要再买了。” 卡森太太说道。 Disappointed, Emma thought for a moment and said, “They used to be very expensive, but now they’re cheap...” 艾玛有些失望，想了一会儿说：“这些东西以前都很贵，现在便宜了……” Mrs Carson smiled and explained, “It’s not just about the price, Emma. We should spend money wisely. Before buying something, we should consider our needs and wants.” 卡森太太笑了笑，解释道：“艾玛，花钱不能只看价格。我们要理智消费。在买东西之前，要分清生活必需和内心想要。” Curious to learn more, Emma asked, “What do you mean by needs and wants, Mum?” 艾玛很好奇，追问道：“妈妈，必需和想要是什么意思呀？” Patiently, Mrs Carson explained, “Needs are things that we must have, like food, clothes, and a safe home. Wants, on the other hand, are things that we desire but can live without. It’s important to make smart choices with our money.” 卡森太太耐心解释：“必需品是我们生活中必不可少的东西，比如食物、衣物和安全的住所。而欲望之物，是我们渴望拥有、但没有也能正常生活的东西。学会理智取舍、合理花钱非常重要。 Emma started to realise how important it was to manage money wisely. By understanding the difference between needs and wants, she knew that she could make better decisions about money. 艾玛开始明白，明智理财有多重要。弄懂了必需品和欲望之物的区别后，她知道自己以后能在花钱上做出更合理的选择。 【长难句分析】 1.Emma was excited when she heard about a big sale at a store near her home. ‌翻译:‌ 艾玛听说家附近的一家商店要大促销，心里很兴奋。 主句：Emma was excited（主系表：主语 Emma + 系动词 was + 表语 excited） 时间状语从句：when she heard about a big sale at a store near her home when：连词，引导时间状语从句，意为 “当…… 的时候” she heard about：从句主谓，hear about 意为 “听说” a big sale：宾语，“大促销” at a store near her home：地点状语，“在她家附近的一家商店”（near her home 后置定语修饰 store） 核心结构：主句 + when 时间状语从句，描述 “某人在某时的心情 / 状态”，作文常用。 2.Needs are things that we must have, like food, clothes, and a safe home. ‌翻译:‌ 必需品是我们必须拥有的东西，比如食物、衣服和安全的住所。 ‌重点:主句：Needs are things（主系表：主语 Needs + 系动词 are + 表语 things） 定语从句：that we must have，修饰先行词 things that：关系代词，在从句中作宾语，可省略 we must have：从句主谓，“我们必须拥有” 插入语：like food, clothes, and a safe home，举例说明 things，“比如……” 核心结构：先行词 + that 定语从句，用于解释名词。 3.By understanding the difference between needs and wants, she knew that she could make better decisions about money. ‌翻译:‌ 通过分清必需品和欲望之物的区别，她明白自己能在花钱上做出更明智的决定。 ‌重点: 方式状语：By understanding the difference between needs and wants By + doing：介词短语作方式状语，“通过做某事” understanding：动名词 the difference between A and B：“A 与 B 之间的区别” 主句：she knew that…（主谓宾：主语 she + 谓语 knew + 宾语从句） 宾语从句：that she could make better decisions about money that：引导宾语从句，无实义，可省略 make decisions about…：“对…… 做出决定” 核心结构：By doing…, sb. knew that…，表 “通过……，某人明白……”，议论文常用。 【重难点单词梳理】 英文单词 / 短语 音标 中文释义 重点用法 / 考点 sale /seɪl/ 促销；廉价出售 big sale 大促销；on sale 打折出售 excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ 兴奋的 be excited about… 对…… 感到兴奋（修饰人） remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/ 提醒；使想起 remind sb. that… 提醒某人……；remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ 失望的 be disappointed 感到失望（修饰人） explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ 解释；说明 explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事；explain that… 解释…… wisely /ˈwaɪzli/ 明智地；聪明地 spend money wisely 理智消费；形容词 wise 明智的 consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/ 考虑；认为 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/ 好奇的 be curious about… 对…… 好奇；be curious to do sth. 好奇做某事 patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ 耐心的；病人 副词 patiently 耐心地；be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心 desire /dɪˈzaɪə(r)/ v. 渴望；n. 欲望 desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ 管理；经营 manage money 理财；manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 difference /ˈdɪfrəns/ 区别；差异 the difference between A and B A 与 B 的区别；形容词 different 不同的 decision /dɪˈsɪʒn/ 决定 make a decision 做决定；make better decisions 做出更明智的决定 实战演练 Passage1 What do you do with your money? Everyone makes their own choices. Here’s a great example of what to do with money. Ma Xu realised another dream at age 86 by donating 10 million yuan of her life savings to her hometown, Mulan County. The donation was made up of earnings from scientific research and patent transfers. Ma was born in a doctor’s family in Mulan County. She joined the PLA as a doctor in 1947. After many years of hard learning and training, she became China’s first female paratrooper in 1961. Ma and her husband put their hearts into research. They have gotten two invention patents and published more than 100 papers. Ma has also developed many traditional Chinese medical prescriptions. Now, they live a very simple life in a small house in Wuhan. They still use the same hard bed from the 1970s and their sofas are over 50 years old. They usually wear their military uniforms. Ma misses her hometown very much. In 2018, they decided to donate all their savings to Mulan County. Ma believes that better education can change lives. She is happy to help teenagers in her hometown with her savings. True happiness can be found not in material things, but in the ability to make a difference in the lives of others. 1．What was Ma Xu’s job when she joined the PLA? A．A paratrooper. B．A doctor. C．A teacher. D．A scientist. 2．When did Ma Xu become China’s first female paratrooper? A．In 1947. B．In 1961. C．In 2018. D．At age 86. 3．How much money did Ma Xu donate to Mulan County? A．One million yuan. B．Ten million yuan. C．One hundred million yuan. D．One thousand yuan. 4．Where did the donated money come from? A．Her family. B．The government. C．Her research and patent transfers. D．Her friends. 5．What does Ma Xu believe can change lives? A．Material things. B．Better education. C．Military uniforms. D．Old furniture. Passage2 Money, Needs and Wants Money is a medium of exchange that we use to buy things. It is important because it helps us get the things we need in daily life. But money is not everything. There are many things that are more valuable than money, such as health, family, love and friendship. To manage money wisely, we need to know the difference between needs and wants. Needs are things that we must have to live, like food, clothes, a safe home and basic medical care. Without these things, we cannot live a normal life. Wants, on the other hand, are things that we desire but can live without, like new clothes, expensive toys, fancy phones and travel. Many people make mistakes by spending too much money on wants. For example, some people buy new shoes even though they already have many pairs, just because the shoes are on sale. This kind of spending is unreasonable and a waste of money. To make smart choices with money, we can follow some tips. First, make a shopping list before going shopping, which can help you avoid buying unnecessary things. Second, when you see something you want, wait for a day or two before buying it. You may find you don’t really need it after thinking. Third, plan how much money you can spend on wants, so that you won’t overspend. 1．What is money according to the passage? A．A kind of tool to help us get rich. B．A medium of exchange to buy things. C．A thing that can buy everything. D．A symbol of success in life. 2．Which of the following is a “need”? A．A new phone. B．A fancy dress. C．Food and clothes. D．A trip abroad. 3．What is the difference between needs and wants? A．Needs are things we can live without, while wants are things we must have. B．Needs are expensive, while wants are cheap. C．Needs are things we must have, while wants are things we desire but can live without. D．Needs are for children, while wants are for adults. 4．What tip is mentioned to make smart choices with money? A．Buy things on sale as much as possible. B．Wait for a day or two before buying something you want. C．Spend all your money on wants. D．Never buy anything you want. 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Money is everything in our life. B．We should spend all our money on wants. C．We should tell the difference between needs and wants and use money wisely. D．We should never buy anything we want. Passage3 The world is a wonderful place. We live on a beautiful planet—Earth. It is important for us to know our world well.There are seven 1 on the earth. Many people live and work in different countries. We can know about the world by 2 geography.We can learn about many things from geography. We can learn about rivers, mountains, lakes and 3 kinds of land. We can also learn about different countries and 4 .There are many great places around the world. Some places are famous for their beautiful nature, and some are famous for their long 5 .We can also learn about body language. Different countries have different body languages. For example, nodding means “yes” in most countries, but it is not 6 in all countries.We can 7 the world in many ways. We can read books, travel to different places or learn from teachers. Knowing the world makes our life more 8 .We should be friendly to people from different countries. We should respect different cultures. Let’s know more about the world and 9 more friends.It’s fun to know our world. It helps us grow and learn more. We will have a better 10 of the world. 1．A．cities B．continents C．towns 2．A．learning B．watching C．seeing 3．A．same B．different C．difficult 4．A．cultures B．food C．clothes 5．A．history B．story C．place 6．A．true B．wrong C．good 7．A．look B．know C．like 8．A．boring B．interesting C．tiring 9．A．make B．take C．bring 10．A．understanding B．end C．way Passage 4 Money plays an important role in our daily lives. But what exactly is money? In the past, there was no money. People used to 1 things they had for things they needed. 2 on, they began to use shells as money. Then, coins made of metals appeared. They were usually 3 the shape of a circle. Today, we use paper money and even digital money. We can just use our mobile phones to 4 for things. Although money is useful, we should learn how to use it wisely. Sometimes we want to buy a lot of things, but we don’t really 5 them. There is a big difference between “needs” and “wants”. We should spend our 6 money on things we truly need, like books or food, 7 of buying too many toys. It’s a good idea to make a 8 and save some money every month. Besides, money isn’t everything. It cannot buy true friendship or health. We should put our 9 into our studies and family. Many rich people choose to 10 their money to help those in need. Let’s remember the true value of money and make a difference in the world. 1．A．trade B．sell C．buy D．invent 2．A．Soon B．Later C．Before D．After 3．A．at B．on C．with D．in 4．A．look B．wait C．pay D．search 5．A．want B．need C．miss D．make 6．A．pocket B．public C．heavy D．safe 7．A．because B．out C．instead D．thanks 8．A．choice B．budget C．mistake D．noise 9．A．money B．hands C．foot D．heart 10．A．donate B．borrow C．waste D．hide Passage 5 Money is important in our life, but it is not everything. Money is a medium of exchange 1 we use to buy goods and services. It helps us get the things we 2 , like food, clothes and a safe home. However, there are many things 3 are more valuable than money, such as health, happiness, love and family. We should learn to tell the difference between needs and wants. Needs are things we must have to live a 4 life. Wants are things we desire but can live 5 . Many people buy things they don’t really need just because of sales, which is a waste of money. To use money wisely, we should make 6 choices. When we want to buy something, we should 7 first. We can make a shopping list to 8 ourselves from buying unnecessary things. We should also plan how much we can spend, so that we won’t overspend. Remember: money can buy many things, but it can’t buy everything. Use money 9 and responsibly, and always be 10 for what you have. 1．A．who B．which C．what D．whom 2．A．need B．want C．like D．love 3．A．that B．who C．whom D．whose 4．A．hard B．difficult C．normal D．rich 5．A．with B．without C．in D．on 6．A．smart B．expensive C．quick D．easy 7．A．think twice B．buy at once C．ask others D．borrow money 8．A．protect B．encourage C．allow D．prevent 9．A．carelessly B．wisely C．quickly D．easily 10．A．sorry B．grateful C．worried D．sad 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $