训练小卷 01：题型之GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练（I）（训练小卷）（上海专用）2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲练测

训练小卷01：GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练 （满分：70分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 一、语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A simple blood test can reliably detect signs of brain damage in people on the path to 1 (develop) Alzheimer’s disease even before they show signs of confusion and memory loss, a study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases in Germany 2 (show). The researchers studied more than 400 people participating in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s Network (DIAN) study, 247 who carry an early-onset genetic variant and 162 of their unaffected relatives 3 (include). Each participant had previously visited a DIAN clinic to give blood, undergo brain scans and complete cognitive tests. Roughly half had been evaluated more than once, typically about two to three years apart. They found that in those with the faulty gene variant, protein levels were higher at baseline and rose over time. In contrast, protein levels were low and largely steady in people with the healthy form of the gene, and this difference was detectable 16 years 4 cognitive symptoms were expected to arise. Moreover, when the researchers took a look at participants’brain scans, they found that the protein levels rose quickly in step with the speed at which the precuneus, a part of the brain involved in memory, 5 (thin). To find out whether blood protein levels 6 be used to predict cognitive decline, the researchers collected data on 39 people with disease-causing variants when they returned to the clinic an average of two years after their last visit, and found that people 7 blood protein levels had previously risen rapidly were most likely to show signs of brain atrophy and diminished cognitive abilities when they revisited the clinic. All kinds of neurological damage can cause the neurofilament light protein 8 (spill) out of neurons and into blood. Protein levels are high in people with Lewy body dementia and Huntington’s disease. “It is important 9 we confirm our findings in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease and define the time period over which neurofilament changes have to be assessed for optimal clinical predictability,” said senior author Mathias Jucker, who leads the DIAN study in Germany. The researchers may one day apply the findings to quickly and inexpensively identify brain damage in people with not just Alzheimer’s disease but other neurodegenerative conditions 10 multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury or stroke. 二、选词填空 A．adopting B．delight C． differently D．employ E. help F. instructed G. predicted H. regulate I. routine J. shifting K. surprisingly All Weekends Can Be Holidays There is a reason most people return to work Monday feeling no better than they did Friday afternoon. Exhaustion and stress on the job are problems for two out of three workers, and weekends usually aren’t much 11 , studies show. New research suggests a 12 simple solution: Pretend your weekend is a vacation. People 13 to adopt a vacation mindset on the weekend returned to work feeling happier and more refreshed, without spending any additional money or time off, according to research on nearly 1,000 full-time workers at the University of California, Los Angeles. Although participants spent a little more time in eating and staying with loved ones, researchers found after controlling the results for specific behaviors that just one factor — their increased focus on the present moment, or mindfulness — 14 greater happiness. “Merely 15 how you’re thinking can have these wonderful effects on your emotional experience and your time,” says Cassie Mogilner Holmes, a researcher on the project. This doesn’t always require changing your normal weekend 16 . It may mean just thinking about and prioritizing activities 17 . Interviews with a dozen people who consciously cultivate mindfulness on the weekend offer insights into the time-management and planning skills they 18 . Mindfulness has been shown in research to improve self-control, helping people 19 their emotions. Those who enjoy vacations tend to take great 20 in positive emotions, expanding feelings of joy and happiness, according to a 2018 study of 42 vacationers. 三、完形填空 Permissive Paths I’ve always loved a ‘permissive path’ — a route across private land that the owner, manager or tenant has decided voluntarily to open to all. It’s always seemed like the nicest of 21 . A surprise, a welcome, a generous act, as well as an implied agreement between walker and landowner: here is a safe route to use, 22 . The direct 23 of “get off my land”, it is the action of a farmer or land manager interested in and part of their wider community. Many permissive paths work well and have done for a significant amount of time, enhancing or connecting our network of public footpaths and byways. And there is much to gain in 24 benefit, too. For walkers, perhaps a route that ‘ 25 ’ across the land is scenic, invites curiosity and enquiry into what’s living or growing in a place through the seasons. For land managers, they can introduce a lot of cheer and common 26 : great public relations, a gateway to building understanding and respect for the work and life of the countryside, plus more love for what else lives, or has lived, in a place, historically or ecologically. Many land managers and farmers are critically 27 of the knowledge gap between most people and farming, as well as the need for access to the countryside for all. Many want to share the 28 of the space they live or work in. But it takes a certain amount of kindness, courage and effort to 29 a welcome onto land you are responsible for. Kate Sharp, tenant farmer on the glorious, organic West Town Farm in Devon, 30 by semi-retired farmer Andy Bragg, says she loves “to help people enjoy the beautiful countryside with us and have a 31 to the farming we do here” through permissive paths. But she’s been saddened by the actions of some, with off-lead dogs misbehaving around livestock, poo (屎) not picked up or, weirdly, picked up, bagged, thrown or 32 somewhere. West Town Farm 33 ‘Pasture for Life’ principles, grazing (放牧) animals on 100% rich and diverse fields. There is no place on it for dog poo, or poo in bags hanging from berry-and wildlife-rich hedgerows. Kate emphasises the majority of dog walkers use it in a friendly, respectful way, but the problem has got so bad from a few, she’s considering a no-dog policy. 34 , the Bathurst Estate in Cirencester chose to monetise access after 300 years of use while Bridehead Estate in Dorset shut its access after 65 years and a new owner. When this can happen, and when a few people 35 things for others, bold moves, such as Peer responsibility and the Right to Roam public access movement, offer better gateways to long-term solutions and cultural and social change. They are potential game changers. 21．A．territories B．volunteers C．invitations D．administrations 22．A．responsibly B．straight C．naturally D．alone 23．A．gesture B．equivalent C．command D．opposite 24．A．mutual B．physical C．seasonal D．agricultural 25．A．cuts short B．makes sense C．costs dear D．gets the boot 26．A．wealth B．knowledge C．estate D．goodwill 27．A．fearful B．ignorant C．aware D．ashamed 28．A．map B．privilege C．custom D．rhythm 29．A．extend B．decline C．honour D．receive 30．A．welcomed B．permitted C．tackled D．owned 31．A．restriction B．sacrifice C．connection D．vocation 32．A．dumped B．recycled C．charged D．hung 33．A．plugs into B．operates on C．withdraws from D．backfires on 34．A．Likewise B．For example C．In consequence D．Particularly 35．A．abuse B．adjust C．spoil D．profile 第二套 一、语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. … And Big Leaps While traditional manufacturers slowly add semiautomatics features, Tesla, a relatively young auto-manufacturer, is taking an approach 1 seems more aggressive. Last year, an update to the software in one of its models added the ability to operate 2 “auto-pilot”: The car mostly drives itself, but the driver can take over if, for example, the car attempts to exit the freeway by itself — as it did during some runs soon after 3 (introduce) last year. Each time a driver intervenes (干预), Tesla registers the correction in its software, which 4 (share) with all the other cars. The idea is 5 over time, the cars will get better at driving. Tesla’s autopilot occupies a regulatory gray area, since updates to a car’s software 6 (not require) the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s approval — though that could change as the agency rules catch up with technology. Ford or GM would likely never have put a system never 7 (test) before into service. However, Tesla’s tech-forward customers seem willing to take the risk, 8 those of us who have to share the road with them would rather they didn’t. A couple of years ago, Tesla updated its software again to add a way to “summon (召唤)” your car. The car can turn 9 on, open the garage door, and meet you in the driveway like an automotive butler. For now, the feature is meant 10 (use) only on private property, but Tesla promises Knight Rider-style summoning in the future: Your car will greet you at the airport when you return from a trip or read your calendar and know where to pick you up after a meeting downtown. 二、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．anchoring    B．chorus    C． cooperative    D．documenting    E. enhance    F. essentially G. host    H. randomly    I. recognizable    J. shoots    K. vocabulary Distant Diplomacy When danger approaches, many creatures seem to follow the ancient proverb that “the enemy of my enemy is my friend.” Researchers have recently been finding subtle ways that animals communicate with other species in this kind of 11 defense treaty. For example, Nature Ecology & Evolution carries a recent study 12 more than 20 bird species on four continents that emit virtually identical “whining (哀鸣)” calls when they spot brood parasites (寄生繁殖) such as cuckoos. “That call is 13 the word for ‘cuckoo,’” says study co-lead author James Kennerley at Cornell University. “And it’s recruiting individuals to come together against this common enemy.” Brood parasites lay eggs in other birds’ nests, manipulating the 14 parents into raising their chicks for them. At a field site in Australia, Kennerley has witnessed individuals from a dozen or more species attack a cuckoo in response to whining calls in 15 . These mobs can be so aggressive that Kennerley needs to cage the specimen used in their experiments to protect it. Otherwise the attacking birds would have “just completely torn it to pieces,” Kennerley says. Many birds also share a common 16 for predators. Research by wildlife ecologist Erick Greene shows that various songbirds produce 17 “seet” calls to warn of a raptor (猛禽) in flight. The calls are too high-pitched for raptors to hear well, so the predators remain unaware as information about their arrival 18 through the forest. If the raptor settles, songbirds switch to “mobbing” calls, a distinct sound that, as Greene puts it, “draws in the troops to drive that raptor off.” Defense is not the only reason for cross-species communication. Among other things, it may help birds migrate and 19 food intake. A recent study found that when seabirds with good vision search for food with seabirds with strong senses of smell, they both have far greater success at catching krill. Unlike with the seet and whining calls, however, it’s unclear whether they’re deliberately signaling to one another or “just 20 following other birds,” says study lead author Jesse Granger, a biophysicist at Duke University. But clearly, “very complex multispecies communication networks are pervasive,” Greene says. “It really benefits animals to pay attention to one another.” 三、完形填空 （25-26高三上·上海闵行·月考）If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 21 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals. In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 22 in people’s lives. The 23 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture. Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 24 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 25 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First Impression To help determine the 26 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 27 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened. As it turned out, their 28 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 29 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 30 Knows Scientists have also turned to non-humans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 31 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 32 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face Value Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 33 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 34 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 35 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking. 21．A．Instead B．Therefore C．Moreover D．Otherwise 22．A．romantic B．stressful C．artificial D．central 23．A．priority B．proof C．possibility D．principle 24．A．tested B．impressed C．created D．changed 25．A．appearances B．similarities C．virtues D．passions 26．A．ingredients B．illustrations C．implications D．intentions 27．A．predict B．investigate C．diagnose D．recall 28．A．critical B．random C．mature D．initial 29．A．memorize B．negotiate C．distinguish D．question 30．A．Eye B．Nose C．Heart D．Hand 31．A．alert B．open C．resistant D．superior 32．A．gifted B．amazed C．disappointed D．confused 33．A．attractiveness B．individuality C．emotion D．signals 34．A．enhance B．possess C．assess D．maintain 35．A．familiar B．plain C．negative D．positive 1 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 训练小卷01：GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练 （满分：70分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 一、语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A simple blood test can reliably detect signs of brain damage in people on the path to 1 (develop) Alzheimer’s disease even before they show signs of confusion and memory loss, a study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases in Germany 2 (show). The researchers studied more than 400 people participating in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s Network (DIAN) study, 247 who carry an early-onset genetic variant and 162 of their unaffected relatives 3 (include). Each participant had previously visited a DIAN clinic to give blood, undergo brain scans and complete cognitive tests. Roughly half had been evaluated more than once, typically about two to three years apart. They found that in those with the faulty gene variant, protein levels were higher at baseline and rose over time. In contrast, protein levels were low and largely steady in people with the healthy form of the gene, and this difference was detectable 16 years 4 cognitive symptoms were expected to arise. Moreover, when the researchers took a look at participants’brain scans, they found that the protein levels rose quickly in step with the speed at which the precuneus, a part of the brain involved in memory, 5 (thin). To find out whether blood protein levels 6 be used to predict cognitive decline, the researchers collected data on 39 people with disease-causing variants when they returned to the clinic an average of two years after their last visit, and found that people 7 blood protein levels had previously risen rapidly were most likely to show signs of brain atrophy and diminished cognitive abilities when they revisited the clinic. All kinds of neurological damage can cause the neurofilament light protein 8 (spill) out of neurons and into blood. Protein levels are high in people with Lewy body dementia and Huntington’s disease. “It is important 9 we confirm our findings in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease and define the time period over which neurofilament changes have to be assessed for optimal clinical predictability,” said senior author Mathias Jucker, who leads the DIAN study in Germany. The researchers may one day apply the findings to quickly and inexpensively identify brain damage in people with not just Alzheimer’s disease but other neurodegenerative conditions 10 multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury or stroke. 【答案】 1．developing 2．shows 3．included 4．before 5．thinned 6．could 7．whose 8．to spill 9．that 10．like 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究表明，通过血液检测可以在人们尚未出现意识混乱和记忆丧失等症状、但正处于可能发展为阿尔茨海默病的阶段时，就可靠地检测出脑损伤的迹象。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：圣路易斯华盛顿大学医学院和德国神经退行性疾病中心的一项研究表明，一种简单的血液检测可以在人们出现意识混乱和记忆丧失的迹象之前，可靠地检测出那些正发展为阿尔茨海默病的人的脑损伤迹象。空前为介词to，其后需接动名词作宾语。故填developing。 2．考查动词时态。圣路易斯华盛顿大学医学院和德国神经退行性疾病中心的一项研究表明，一种简单的血液检测可以在人们出现意识混乱和记忆丧失的迹象之前，可靠地检测出那些正发展为阿尔茨海默病的人的脑损伤迹象。本句描述的是这项研究的结果，为客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语a study为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填shows。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员研究了参与显性遗传阿尔茨海默病网络（DIAN）研究的400多人，其中包括247名携带早发基因变异的人以及162名未受影响的亲属。本句已有谓语studied，空处应填非谓语动词；include与其逻辑主语247 who carry an early-onset genetic variant and 162 of their unaffected relatives之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填included。 4．考查连词。句意：相比之下，携带健康基因形式的人的蛋白质水平较低且基本稳定，而这种差异在认知症状预期出现之前的16年就可以检测到。分析句子结构可知，全句为and连接的并列句，and后到句末为第二并列分句。该分句中空格前后都是完整句子，表明空处需填入连词，用before引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”。故填before。 5．考查动词时态。句意：此外，当研究人员查看参与者的脑部扫描时，他们发现蛋白质水平的上升速度与记忆相关的大脑区域楔前叶变薄的速度同步上升。at which到句末为定语从句，空处为定语从句中的谓语动词，描述的是过去发生的变化，应用一般过去时。故填thinned。 6．考查情态动词。句意：为了确定血液中的蛋白质水平是否可以用来预测认知能力下降，研究人员收集了39名携带致病基因变异者的数据，这些人在上次访问后，平均两年的时间返回诊所，结果发现，那些先前血液蛋白质水平迅速上升的人在再次就诊时最有可能显示出脑萎缩和认知能力下降的迹象。空后为be的原形，表明空处需填入情态动词，表示“可以被用来”，且根据本段后文都使用一般过去时描述过去发生的事可知，空处情态动词应用could。故填could。 7．考查定语从句。句意：为了确定血液中的蛋白质水平是否可以用来预测认知能力下降，研究人员收集了39名携带致病基因变异者的数据，这些人在上次访问后，平均两年的时间返回诊所，结果发现，那些先前血液蛋白质水平迅速上升的人在再次就诊时最有可能显示出脑萎缩和认知能力下降的迹象。空处引导定语从句修饰people，且与从句中的blood protein levels构成所属关系，此时应用whose引导定语从句，whose blood protein levels为定语从句中的主语。故填whose。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：各种神经损伤都可能导致神经丝轻链蛋白从神经元中溢出并进入血液。此处为固定搭配cause sb./sth. to do sth.，表示“导致……做……”，空处需填不定式作宾语补足语。故填to spill。 9．考查主语从句。句意：该研究的资深作者、德国DIAN研究负责人Mathias Jucker表示：“我们必须在迟发性阿尔茨海默病中证实我们的发现，并确定评估神经丝变化以获得最佳临床可预测性的时间段，这一点很重要。”此处为固定句型It is important that...，意为“重要的是……”，it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语。故填that。 10．考查介词。句意：研究人员未来或许可以将这些发现用于快速、平价地识别不仅是患有阿尔茨海默病，还患有多发性硬化症、创伤性脑损伤或中风等其他神经退行性疾病患者的脑损伤迹象。空后内容为对空前名词短语other neurodegenerative conditions的举例，空处需填入介词like，意为“例如，像”。故填like。 二、选词填空 A．adopting B．delight C． differently D．employ E. help F. instructed G. predicted H. regulate I. routine J. shifting K. surprisingly All Weekends Can Be Holidays There is a reason most people return to work Monday feeling no better than they did Friday afternoon. Exhaustion and stress on the job are problems for two out of three workers, and weekends usually aren’t much 11 , studies show. New research suggests a 12 simple solution: Pretend your weekend is a vacation. People 13 to adopt a vacation mindset on the weekend returned to work feeling happier and more refreshed, without spending any additional money or time off, according to research on nearly 1,000 full-time workers at the University of California, Los Angeles. Although participants spent a little more time in eating and staying with loved ones, researchers found after controlling the results for specific behaviors that just one factor — their increased focus on the present moment, or mindfulness — 14 greater happiness. “Merely 15 how you’re thinking can have these wonderful effects on your emotional experience and your time,” says Cassie Mogilner Holmes, a researcher on the project. This doesn’t always require changing your normal weekend 16 . It may mean just thinking about and prioritizing activities 17 . Interviews with a dozen people who consciously cultivate mindfulness on the weekend offer insights into the time-management and planning skills they 18 . Mindfulness has been shown in research to improve self-control, helping people 19 their emotions. Those who enjoy vacations tend to take great 20 in positive emotions, expanding feelings of joy and happiness, according to a 2018 study of 42 vacationers. 【答案】 11．E 12．K 13．F 14．G 15．J 16．I 17．C 18．D 19．H 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现：采用假期心态过周末能让人们回到工作岗位时感到更快乐、更有活力，并解释了其中的关键在于专注当下（正念），同时给出了相应的建议。 11．考查名词。句意：研究表明，三分之二的员工都面临疲惫和工作压力问题，而周末通常也帮不了什么大忙。根据“There is a reason most people return to work Monday feeling no better than they did Friday afternoon. Exhaustion and stress on the job are problems for two out of three workers”可知，周末对缓解这些问题作用有限。E项“help”意为“帮助”，作名词，“aren’t much help”意为“没有太大帮助”，符合语境。故选E。 12．考查副词。句意：新的研究表明了一个简单得出奇的解决方案：假装你的周末是个假期。根据“simple solution”以及上下文可知，这个解决方案非常简单。K项“surprisingly”意为“惊人地，出奇地”，修饰“simple”，表示“简单得出奇”。故选K。 13．考查非谓语动词。句意：加州大学洛杉矶分校对近1000名全职员工的研究表明，被指导在周末采用假期心态的人回到工作岗位时感到更快乐、更有活力，而且没有花费任何额外的金钱或时间。returned为谓语动词，根据“People”和“to adopt a vacation mindset”可知，研究对象是被研究者指导或要求这样做的。F项“instructed”意为“指导，指示”，过去分词作定语，修饰“People”。故选F。 14．考查动词。句意：虽然参与者花了更多的时间吃饭和与亲人在一起，研究人员发现，在控制具体行为后，只有一个因素——他们更多地关注当下，即正念——预示着更大的幸福感。根据“their increased focus on the present moment, or mindfulness”和“greater happiness”可知，正念与更大的幸福感之间存在关联，研究数据表明这种关联。G项“predicted”意为“预示”，符合语境，表示正念这一因素预示着更高的幸福感。故选G。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：“仅仅是改变你的思维方式就能对你的情感体验和时间利用产生如此美妙的影响，”项目研究员卡西·莫吉尔纳·霍姆斯说。根据“how you’re thinking”可知，此处表示改变思维方式。J项“shifting”意为“转变，改变”，动名词形式作主语，符合语境。故选J。 16．考查名词。句意：这并不总是需要改变你正常的周末常规。根据“changing your normal weekend”可知，此处指周末的常规安排或习惯。I项“routine”意为“常规，惯例”，符合语境。故选I。 17．考查副词。句意：这可能仅仅意味着以不同的方式思考并优先安排活动。根据“changing your normal weekend ”和“thinking about and prioritizing activities”可知，此处表示与平时不同的思维方式或做法。C项“differently”意为“不同地”，修饰整个动作，符合语境。故选C。 18．考查动词。句意：对十几位有意识培养周末正念的人的采访，揭示了他们在时间管理和规划技能方面所采用的策略。根据“the time-management and planning skills they”可知，此处指他们使用的技能或方法。D项“employ”意为“使用，采用”，作定语从句的谓语。符合语境。故选D。 19．考查动词。句意：研究表明，正念可以提高自我控制能力，帮助人们调节情绪。根据“improve self-control”和“helping people ____ their emotions”可知，正念有助于调节情绪。H项“regulate”意为“调节，控制”，符合语境。故选H。 20．考查名词。句意：根据2018年对42名度假者的一项研究，那些享受假期的人往往乐于沉浸在积极情绪中，扩展喜悦和幸福的感觉。根据“in positive emotions”可知，积极情绪带来快乐；take great delight in意为“以……为乐，乐于……”。故选B。 三、完形填空 Permissive Paths I’ve always loved a ‘permissive path’ — a route across private land that the owner, manager or tenant has decided voluntarily to open to all. It’s always seemed like the nicest of 21 . A surprise, a welcome, a generous act, as well as an implied agreement between walker and landowner: here is a safe route to use, 22 . The direct 23 of “get off my land”, it is the action of a farmer or land manager interested in and part of their wider community. Many permissive paths work well and have done for a significant amount of time, enhancing or connecting our network of public footpaths and byways. And there is much to gain in 24 benefit, too. For walkers, perhaps a route that ‘ 25 ’ across the land is scenic, invites curiosity and enquiry into what’s living or growing in a place through the seasons. For land managers, they can introduce a lot of cheer and common 26 : great public relations, a gateway to building understanding and respect for the work and life of the countryside, plus more love for what else lives, or has lived, in a place, historically or ecologically. Many land managers and farmers are critically 27 of the knowledge gap between most people and farming, as well as the need for access to the countryside for all. Many want to share the 28 of the space they live or work in. But it takes a certain amount of kindness, courage and effort to 29 a welcome onto land you are responsible for. Kate Sharp, tenant farmer on the glorious, organic West Town Farm in Devon, 30 by semi-retired farmer Andy Bragg, says she loves “to help people enjoy the beautiful countryside with us and have a 31 to the farming we do here” through permissive paths. But she’s been saddened by the actions of some, with off-lead dogs misbehaving around livestock, poo (屎) not picked up or, weirdly, picked up, bagged, thrown or 32 somewhere. West Town Farm 33 ‘Pasture for Life’ principles, grazing (放牧) animals on 100% rich and diverse fields. There is no place on it for dog poo, or poo in bags hanging from berry-and wildlife-rich hedgerows. Kate emphasises the majority of dog walkers use it in a friendly, respectful way, but the problem has got so bad from a few, she’s considering a no-dog policy. 34 , the Bathurst Estate in Cirencester chose to monetise access after 300 years of use while Bridehead Estate in Dorset shut its access after 65 years and a new owner. When this can happen, and when a few people 35 things for others, bold moves, such as Peer responsibility and the Right to Roam public access movement, offer better gateways to long-term solutions and cultural and social change. They are potential game changers. 21．A．territories B．volunteers C．invitations D．administrations 22．A．responsibly B．straight C．naturally D．alone 23．A．gesture B．equivalent C．command D．opposite 24．A．mutual B．physical C．seasonal D．agricultural 25．A．cuts short B．makes sense C．costs dear D．gets the boot 26．A．wealth B．knowledge C．estate D．goodwill 27．A．fearful B．ignorant C．aware D．ashamed 28．A．map B．privilege C．custom D．rhythm 29．A．extend B．decline C．honour D．receive 30．A．welcomed B．permitted C．tackled D．owned 31．A．restriction B．sacrifice C．connection D．vocation 32．A．dumped B．recycled C．charged D．hung 33．A．plugs into B．operates on C．withdraws from D．backfires on 34．A．Likewise B．For example C．In consequence D．Particularly 35．A．abuse B．adjust C．spoil D．profile 【答案】 21．C 22．A 23．D 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．C 28．B 29．A 30．D 31．C 32．D 33．B 34．B 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了“任意通行路径”的意义、好处以及面临的问题，并提出了相应的解决方向。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这似乎是最美好的邀请。A. territories领土；B. volunteers志愿者；C. invitations邀请；D. administrations管理。根据下文“A surprise, a welcome, a generous act, as well as an implied agreement between walker and landowner”可知，任意通行路径是一份惊喜、一份欢迎、一份慷慨之举，同时也是步行者与土地所有者之间心照不宣的约定，土地所有者自愿开放给所有人的，这像是一种邀请。故选C。 22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这似乎是最美好的邀请。一份惊喜、一份欢迎、一份慷慨之举，同时也是步行者与土地所有者之间心照不宣的约定：这里有一条安全的路，请负责任地通行。A. responsibly负责任地；B. straight直接地；C. naturally自然地；D. alone独自地。根据上文“here is a safe route to use”以及下文“a gateway to building understanding and respect for the work and life of the countryside”可知，任意通行路径是一条可以安全使用的路线，要负责任地使用，这样才能建立对乡村工作和生活的理解和尊重。故选A。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它是“别踏入我的土地”的直接对立面，是农民或土地管理者对其更广泛社区感兴趣并成为其中一部分的行动。A. gesture手势；B. equivalent等价物；C. command命令；D. opposite对立面。根据上文“a route across private land that the owner, manager or tenant has decided voluntarily to open to all”以及“get off my land”可知，任意通行路径是土地所有者自愿开放给所有人的，与“别踏入我的土地”是直接的对立面。故选D。 24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在互惠互利方面也有很多收获。A. mutual相互的；B. physical身体的；C. seasonal季节的；D. agricultural农业的。根据下文“For walkers, perhaps a route that ‘______’ across the land is scenic, invites curiosity and enquiry into what’s living or growing in a place through the seasons. For land managers, they can introduce a lot of cheer and common ______: great public relations, a gateway to building understanding and respect for the work and life of the countryside, plus more love for what else lives, or has lived, in a place, historically or ecologically.”可知，后文分别从步行者和土地管理者两方面说明好处，因此是互利的。故选A。 25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于步行者来说，一条在这片土地上存在的有意义的路线风景优美，激发人们的好奇心，去探寻一个地方四季里的生物与植被。A. cuts short缩短；B. makes sense有意义；C. costs dear付出高昂代价；D. gets the boot被解雇。根据下文“across the land is scenic, invites curiosity and enquiry into what’s living or growing in a place through the seasons”可知，激发人们的好奇心，去探寻一个地方四季里的生物与植被，所以这路线是有意义的。故选B。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于土地管理者来说，他们可以带来很多欢乐和善意：良好的公共关系，建立对乡村工作和生活理解和尊重的途径，以及对一个地方历史上或生态上生活或曾经生活过的其他生物的更多热爱。A. wealth财富；B. knowledge知识；C. estate庄园；D. goodwill善意。根据下文“great public relations, a gateway to building understanding and respect for the work and life of the countryside”可知，任意通行路径可以带来很多欢乐和善意。故选D。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多土地管理者和农民都深刻地意识到，大多数人与农业之间存在知识差距，以及所有人都需要进入乡村。A. fearful害怕的；B. ignorant无知的；C. aware意识到的；D. ashamed羞愧的。根据下文“the knowledge gap between most people and farming, as well as the need for access to the countryside for all”可知，大多数人与农业之间存在知识差距，以及所有人都需要进入乡村，许多土地管理者和农民都深刻地意识到这一点。故选C。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人想分享他们生活或工作空间的特权。A. map地图；B. privilege特权；C. custom习俗；D. rhythm节奏。根据下文“of the space they live or work in”可知，这些被分享的空间本来是属于他们的，他们拥有在这些空间生活或工作的特权。故选B。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在你负责的土地上致以欢迎需要一定的善意、勇气和努力。A. extend延伸，表示；B. decline下降；C. honour尊敬；D. receive收到。根据下文“a welcome onto land you are responsible for”可知，此处指开放这些空间，欢迎别人。extend a welcome 表示“致以欢迎，开放欢迎”。故选A。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Kate Sharp是德文郡西镇农场的佃农，该农场由半退休农民Andy Bragg所有。她说她喜欢通过任意通行路径“帮助人们和我们一起享受美丽的乡村，并与我们在这里从事的农业建立联系”。A. welcomed欢迎；B. permitted允许；C. tackled处理；D. owned拥有。根据上文“organic West Town Farm in Devon”以及下文“by semi-retired farmer Andy Bragg”可知，这个农场由半退休的农民Andy Bragg拥有。故选D。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Kate Sharp是德文郡西镇农场的佃农，该农场由半退休农民Andy Bragg所有。她说她喜欢通过任意通行路径“帮助人们和我们一起享受美丽的乡村，并与我们在这里从事的农业建立联系”。A. restriction限制；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. connection联系；D. vocation职业。根据上文“help people enjoy the beautiful countryside with us”以及下文“to the farming we do here”可知，Kate Sharp喜欢通过任意通行路径帮助人们和她们一起享受美丽的乡村，并与她们在这里从事的农业建立联系。故选C。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一些人的行为让她十分心寒：松开牵引绳的狗在牲畜周围肆意乱跑，狗粪没人清理，更离谱的是，有些即便捡起来装进袋子，也随手扔掉或挂在某个地方。A. dumped倾倒；B. recycled回收；C. charged收费；D. hung悬挂。根据上文“poo (屎) not picked up or, weirdly, picked up, bagged, thrown”和下文“poo in bags hanging from berry-and wildlife-rich hedgerows”可知，此处指狗屎被挂在树上。故选D。 33．考查动词短语辨析。句意：西镇农场奉行“生命牧场”理念，在物种丰富的纯天然牧场上放牧牲畜。A. plugs into插入；B. operates on采用，运作；C. withdraws from退出；D. backfires on产生事与愿违的结果。根据下文“‘Pasture for Life’ principles, grazing (放牧) animals on 100% rich and diverse fields”可知，“生命牧场”是西镇农场采用的原则。故选B。 34．考查副词和短语辨析。句意：例如，赛伦塞斯特的巴瑟斯特庄园在开放300年后，开始对入园收费；而多塞特郡的布莱德黑德庄园在新主人接手后，关闭了持续65年的开放通道。A. Likewise同样地；B. For example例如；C. In consequence结果；D. Particularly特别地。根据上文“she’s considering a no-dog policy”以及下文“the Bathurst Estate in Cirencester chose to monetise access after 300 years of use while Bridehead Estate in Dorset shut its access after 65 years and a new owner”可知，此处是在举例说明一些农场因为一些问题而改变了任意通行路径的政策。故选B。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这类事情发生，当少数人破坏了大家共同的便利时，更强有力的举措 —— 如倡导共同责任、推行公共漫游权运动 —— 才能为长期解决方案与社会文化变革提供更好的路径。A. abuse滥用，破坏；B. adjust调整；C. spoil破坏，糟蹋；D. profile概述。根据上文“When this can happen, and when a few people”以及下文“things for others”可知，少数人的不文明行为毁掉了公共开放的机会。故选C。 第二套 一、语法填空 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. … And Big Leaps While traditional manufacturers slowly add semiautomatics features, Tesla, a relatively young auto-manufacturer, is taking an approach 1 seems more aggressive. Last year, an update to the software in one of its models added the ability to operate 2 “auto-pilot”: The car mostly drives itself, but the driver can take over if, for example, the car attempts to exit the freeway by itself — as it did during some runs soon after 3 (introduce) last year. Each time a driver intervenes (干预), Tesla registers the correction in its software, which 4 (share) with all the other cars. The idea is 5 over time, the cars will get better at driving. Tesla’s autopilot occupies a regulatory gray area, since updates to a car’s software 6 (not require) the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s approval — though that could change as the agency rules catch up with technology. Ford or GM would likely never have put a system never 7 (test) before into service. However, Tesla’s tech-forward customers seem willing to take the risk, 8 those of us who have to share the road with them would rather they didn’t. A couple of years ago, Tesla updated its software again to add a way to “summon (召唤)” your car. The car can turn 9 on, open the garage door, and meet you in the driveway like an automotive butler. For now, the feature is meant 10 (use) only on private property, but Tesla promises Knight Rider-style summoning in the future: Your car will greet you at the airport when you return from a trip or read your calendar and know where to pick you up after a meeting downtown. 【答案】 1．that/which 2．on 3．being introduced 4．is shared 5．that 6．don’t require 7．tested 8．while 9．itself 10．to be used 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了特斯拉在自动驾驶技术方面的创新举措，包括其激进的技术发展方式、自动驾驶功能、软件更新以及未来的一些承诺等。 1．考查定语从句。句意：当传统制造商缓慢地增加半自动功能时，相对年轻的汽车制造商特斯拉正在采取一种似乎更为激进的方法。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词approach，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 2．考查介词、固定短语。句意：去年，其一款车型的软件更新增加了“自动驾驶”功能：汽车基本上可以自动驾驶，但如果出现例如汽车试图自行驶出高速公路的情况，驾驶员可以接管——就像去年推出后不久的一些运行中所发生的那样。operate on为固定短语，意为“操作，运行”，此处表示“运行‘自动驾驶’功能”。故填on。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，此处作介词after的宾语，用动名词形式，且introduce与逻辑主语it（指代car）之间是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动式being done。故填being introduced。 4．考查时态和语态。句意：每次驾驶员干预时，特斯拉都会在其软件中记录修正，该软件会与其他所有汽车共享。此处是定语从句的谓语部分，定语从句表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词用一般现在时，且share与先行词software之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语which指代software，为单数，所以be动词用is。故填is shared。 5．考查表语从句。句意：这个想法是，随着时间的推移，汽车会越来越擅长驾驶。此处引导表语从句，从句成分和意义都完整，所以用连接词that引导。故填that。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：特斯拉的自动驾驶处于监管灰色地带，因为汽车软件的更新不需要国家公路交通安全管理局的批准——尽管随着该机构的规则赶上技术发展，这种情况可能会改变。此处描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，且require与主语updates之间是主动关系，主语updates是复数，所以谓语动词用原形，其否定形式为don't require。故填don't require。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：福特或通用汽车可能永远不会将一个从未经过测试的系统投入使用。此处作后置定语修饰system，且test与system之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词tested。故填tested。 8．考查连词。句意：然而，特斯拉的技术导向型客户似乎愿意承担这种风险，而我们这些不得不与他们共享道路的人则希望他们不要这样做。根据上文“Tesla’s tech-forward customers seem willing to take the risk(特斯拉的技术导向型客户似乎愿意承担这种风险)”以及下文“those of us who have to share the road with them would rather they didn’t(我们这些不得不与他们共享道路的人则希望他们不要这样做)”可知，前后两句是对比关系，所以用连词while表示“然而”。故填while。 9．考查反身代词。句意：汽车可以自行启动，打开车库门，像汽车管家一样在车道上迎接你。此处表示汽车“自行启动”，所以用反身代词itself作turn的宾语。故填itself。 10．考查非谓语动词、固定短语。句意：目前，该功能仅打算在私人财产上使用，但特斯拉承诺未来会有像《霹雳游侠》风格的召唤功能：当你旅行归来时，你的汽车会在机场迎接你，或者读取你的日历，知道在市中心开会后去哪里接你。be meant to do为固定短语，意为“打算做某事”，且use与逻辑主语the feature之间是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动式to be done。故填to be used。 二、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．anchoring    B．chorus    C． cooperative    D．documenting    E. enhance    F. essentially G. host    H. randomly    I. recognizable    J. shoots    K. vocabulary Distant Diplomacy When danger approaches, many creatures seem to follow the ancient proverb that “the enemy of my enemy is my friend.” Researchers have recently been finding subtle ways that animals communicate with other species in this kind of 11 defense treaty. For example, Nature Ecology & Evolution carries a recent study 12 more than 20 bird species on four continents that emit virtually identical “whining (哀鸣)” calls when they spot brood parasites (寄生繁殖) such as cuckoos. “That call is 13 the word for ‘cuckoo,’” says study co-lead author James Kennerley at Cornell University. “And it’s recruiting individuals to come together against this common enemy.” Brood parasites lay eggs in other birds’ nests, manipulating the 14 parents into raising their chicks for them. At a field site in Australia, Kennerley has witnessed individuals from a dozen or more species attack a cuckoo in response to whining calls in 15 . These mobs can be so aggressive that Kennerley needs to cage the specimen used in their experiments to protect it. Otherwise the attacking birds would have “just completely torn it to pieces,” Kennerley says. Many birds also share a common 16 for predators. Research by wildlife ecologist Erick Greene shows that various songbirds produce 17 “seet” calls to warn of a raptor (猛禽) in flight. The calls are too high-pitched for raptors to hear well, so the predators remain unaware as information about their arrival 18 through the forest. If the raptor settles, songbirds switch to “mobbing” calls, a distinct sound that, as Greene puts it, “draws in the troops to drive that raptor off.” Defense is not the only reason for cross-species communication. Among other things, it may help birds migrate and 19 food intake. A recent study found that when seabirds with good vision search for food with seabirds with strong senses of smell, they both have far greater success at catching krill. Unlike with the seet and whining calls, however, it’s unclear whether they’re deliberately signaling to one another or “just 20 following other birds,” says study lead author Jesse Granger, a biophysicist at Duke University. But clearly, “very complex multispecies communication networks are pervasive,” Greene says. “It really benefits animals to pay attention to one another.” 【答案】 11．C 12．D 13．F 14．G 15．B 16．K 17．I 18．J 19．E 20．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了动物之间存在跨物种交流，在防御、迁徙和觅食等方面发挥着重要作用。 11．考查形容词。句意：研究人员最近发现了动物以这种合作的防御方式与其他物种交流的微妙方式。空后为名词短语defense treaty，应用形容词修饰。根据“many creatures seem to follow the ancient proverb that “the enemy of my enemy is my friend.””可知，许多生物似乎都遵循着一句古老的谚语：“敌人的敌人就是朋友。”，这表明动物之间存在一种合作的防御关系。C选项cooperative“合作的”符合语境，作定语，修饰defense treaty。故选C。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，《自然生态与进化》杂志最近发表了一项研究，记录了四大洲20多种鸟类在发现杜鹃等巢寄生鸟类时发出的几乎相同的“哀鸣”声。根据“more than 20 bird species on four continents that emit virtually identical “whining (哀鸣)” calls”可知，研究对此现象进行了记录，D选项documenting“记录”，符合语境，document与study为主动关系，用现在分词，作后置定语，修饰study。故选D。 13．考查副词。句意：康奈尔大学的研究共同负责人詹姆斯·肯纳利说：“这种叫声本质上就是‘杜鹃’的信号”。根据“the word for ‘cuckoo,’”可知，这里强调的是哀鸣声与“杜鹃”这个词之间的本质联系。F选项essentially“本质上”符合语境，修饰整个句子，作状语，说明哀鸣声本质上就是“杜鹃”的代名词。故选F。 14．考查形容词。句意：巢寄生鸟类在其他鸟类的巢中产卵，操纵寄主父母为它们抚养雏鸟。根据“parents into raising their chicks for them”可知，这里指的是被巢寄生鸟类利用的鸟，即寄主父母。G选项host“寄主的，主人的”，形容词，修饰parents，作定语，符合语境。故选G。 15．考查名词。句意：在澳大利亚的一个野外地点，肯纳利看到，十几种或更多种类的鸟会齐声对哀鸣声做出反应，攻击一只杜鹃。根据“individuals from a dozen or more species attack a cuckoo in response to whining calls in”可知，这里描述的是多种鸟同时发出声音攻击杜鹃的场景。B选项chorus“齐声，合唱”，符合题意，in chorus为固定短语，意为“齐声，一起”。故选B。 16．考查名词。句意：许多鸟类也有一个共同的关于捕食者的词汇。根据后文“various songbirds produce ______ “seet” calls to warn of a raptor (猛禽) in flight”提到各种鸣禽发出不同的声音来警告捕食者，可以推断这里说的是鸟类有关于捕食者的共同“词汇”或声音信号。K选项vocabulary“词汇”符合语境，在此处引申为鸟类用来交流关于捕食者信息的声音集合。故选K。 17．考查形容词。句意：野生动物生态学家埃里克·格林的研究表明，各种鸣禽会发出可识别的“嘶嘶”声来警告空中飞行的猛禽。根据““seet” calls to warn of a raptor (猛禽) in flight”可知，这里强调的是“嘶嘶”声能够被其他鸟类识别出来，从而起到警告作用。I选项recognizable“可识别的”符合语境，修饰“seet” calls，作定语。故选I。 18．考查动词。句意：这些叫声音调太高，猛禽很难听清，因此当关于它们来袭的信息在森林中迅速传开时，这些捕食者仍浑然不觉。根据“through the forest”可知，这里描述的是信息在森林中的传播过程。J选项shoots“迅速传播”符合语境，作as引导的时间状语从句的谓语，说明信息在森林中迅速传播而猛禽未察觉。故选J。 19．考查动词。句意：除此之外，它可能有助于鸟类迁徙和增强食物摄入量。根据“food intake. A recent study found that when seabirds with good vision search for food with seabirds with strong senses of smell, they both have far greater success at catching krill”可知，这里强调的是跨物种交流对鸟类食物摄入量的积极影响。E选项enhance“增强，提高”符合语境，说明交流有助于鸟类增强食物摄入量。故选E。 20．考查副词。句意：然而，与“嘶嘶”声和哀鸣声不同，目前尚不清楚它们是否在故意向对方发出信号，还是只是随机跟随其他鸟类。根据“following other birds”可知，这里描述的是鸟类行为的不确定性，即它们是否是有目的地交流还是随机跟随。H选项randomly“随机地”符合语境，修饰following other birds，作状语。故选H。 三、完形填空 （25-26高三上·上海闵行·月考）If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 21 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals. In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 22 in people’s lives. The 23 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture. Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 24 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 25 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First Impression To help determine the 26 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 27 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened. As it turned out, their 28 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 29 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 30 Knows Scientists have also turned to non-humans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 31 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 32 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face Value Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 33 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 34 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 35 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking. 21．A．Instead B．Therefore C．Moreover D．Otherwise 22．A．romantic B．stressful C．artificial D．central 23．A．priority B．proof C．possibility D．principle 24．A．tested B．impressed C．created D．changed 25．A．appearances B．similarities C．virtues D．passions 26．A．ingredients B．illustrations C．implications D．intentions 27．A．predict B．investigate C．diagnose D．recall 28．A．critical B．random C．mature D．initial 29．A．memorize B．negotiate C．distinguish D．question 30．A．Eye B．Nose C．Heart D．Hand 31．A．alert B．open C．resistant D．superior 32．A．gifted B．amazed C．disappointed D．confused 33．A．attractiveness B．individuality C．emotion D．signals 34．A．enhance B．possess C．assess D．maintain 35．A．familiar B．plain C．negative D．positive 【答案】 21．A 22．D 23．B 24．C 25．B 26．A 27．A 28．D 29．C 30．B 31．B 32．A 33．A 34．C 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代与现代人们生活重心的差异，重点探讨了爱情吸引力的相关研究及影响吸引力的因素。 21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，你会看到很多动物和追逐它们的人。A. Instead相反；B. Therefore因此；C. Moreover此外；D. Otherwise否则。根据前文“you would not detect interest in romance among the artists”和后文“you would see plenty of animals with people running after them”可知，前后句存在转折关系，此处表示“没有看到浪漫相关的内容，相反看到了追逐动物的场景”。故选A。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在现代，当杂货店就能买到食物时，寻找爱情在人们的生活中变得更加重要。A. romantic浪漫的；B. stressful有压力的；C. artificial人造的；D. central重要的，核心的。根据前文“Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals”可知，古代人重心在生存，而现代人食物充足，寻找爱情就成了生活中更核心、更重要的事。故选D。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：证据在我们身边无处不在。A. priority优先事项；B. proof证据；C. possibility可能性；D. principle原则。根据后文“It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love”可知，后文列举的爱情相关故事都是“寻找爱情在现代很重要”的证据。故选B。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员正在研究爱情这种高度受重视的情感状态是否可以被创造出来。A. tested测试；B. impressed使印象深刻；C. created创造；D. changed改变。根据后文“They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth”可知，研究人员在探究爱情的本质，以及这种情感是否能被人为创造，牙膏公司的想法也是相关探究的一部分。故选C。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可能听说过“异性相吸”，但相似性也会产生吸引力。A. appearances外貌；B. similarities相似性；C. virtues美德；D. passions激情。根据前文“opposites attract”和转折词but可知，此处表示相似性也会产生吸引力。故选B。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助确定吸引力的构成要素，研究人员将164名大学同学配对，让他们交谈3分钟、6分钟或10分钟，以便了解彼此的个性。A. ingredients构成要素，成分；B. illustrations插图，说明；C. implications暗示，影响；D. intentions意图。根据后文“The ____ Knows”和“Face Value”可知，研究人员是想找出构成吸引力的因素有哪些。故选A。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后学生们被要求预测他们可能会和伴侣建立什么样的关系。A. predict预测；B. investigate调查；C. diagnose诊断；D. recall回忆。根据后文“After nine weeks, they reported what happened. As it turned out, their ______ judgments often held true”可知，此处是让学生提前预测未来的关系，九周后验证预测是否准确。故选A。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，他们最初的判断往往是正确的。A. critical批判的；B. random随机的；C. mature成熟的；D. initial最初的。根据前文“had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes”和“asked to predict”可知，此处指学生们刚开始交谈后做出的最初判断。故选D。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生们似乎在早期就能分辨出谁最适合自己的生活。A. memorize记忆；B. negotiate协商；C. distinguish分辨，区分；D. question质疑。根据前文“their initial judgments often held true”可知，学生们能在早期就分辨出适合自己的人，所以最初的预测才会准确。故选C。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鼻子知道。A. Eye眼睛；B. Nose鼻子；C. Heart心脏；D. Hand手。根据后文“Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling ____ to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as ____ as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. ”可知，本段重点讲气味（通过鼻子感知）对吸引力的影响，所以此处指 “鼻子知道”。故选B。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信息素可以发出信号，表明动物要么准备战斗，要么愿意建立伴侣关系。A. alert警惕的；B. open愿意接受的，开放的；C. resistant抵抗的；D. superior优越的。根据前文“either ready to fight or”可知，此处与“准备战斗”形成选择关系，指愿意建立伴侣关系。故选B。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，人类在检测这类化学物质方面似乎不如其他动物有天赋。A. gifted有天赋的；B. amazed惊讶的；C. disappointed失望的；D. confused困惑的。根据前文“Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by”和“in contrast”可知，动物擅长检测这类化学物质，而人类则不如它们有天赋。故选A。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员让人们判断面孔的吸引力。A. attractiveness吸引力；B. individuality个性；C. emotion情感；D. signals信号。根据后文“The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces”以及本段主题“Face Value”可知，此处指判断面孔的吸引力。故选A。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们评估吸引力的方式似乎在某种程度上是无意识的。A. enhance增强；B. possess拥有；C. assess评估，评价；D. maintain维持。根据前文“Researchers had people judge faces for attractiveness”可知，此处指人们评估、判断吸引力的方式是无意识的。故选C。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当展示一张有吸引力的脸，然后展示带有好坏联想的单词时，人们在看到有吸引力的脸后，对积极的单词反应更快。A. familiar熟悉的；B. plain朴素的；C. negative消极的；D. positive积极的。根据后文“Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking”可知，看到有吸引力的脸会让人产生愉悦的想法，所以对积极的单词反应更快。故选D。 1 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $