2026年中考英语核心词法、句法知识汇编

**基本信息** 中考英语核心词法、句法知识汇编，涵盖代词、冠词、介词等8类词法及5种基本句型、从句等句法内容，通过“考点直击+名师点睛+中考演练”模块，系统梳理中考核心语法点，适配中考复习需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单项填空|约20题/章|人称代词、定冠词、宾语从句等核心考点|结合语境考查语法应用，如代词章节第3题区分another/other| |词形转换填空|10题/章|物主代词、情态动词等词形变化|强调语法规则迁移，如用所给代词适当形式填空第5题考查反身代词| |语法填空|10题/章|介词搭配、连词用法等|注重易混点辨析，如介词章节第7题区分in/on/at表时间|

中考英语核心词法、句法知识汇编 CONTENTS词法部分 目录 CHAPTER 01 代词 CHAPTER 02 冠词&数词 CHAPTER 03 介词&连词 CHAPTER 04 形容词&副词 CHAPTER 05 动词 CHAPTER O6 情态动词 CONTENTS句法部分 目录 五种基本句型 CHAPTER 07 并列句 CHAPTER 08 祈使句 CHAPTER 09 反义疑问句 CHAPTER IO 宾语从句 CHAPTER II 状语从句 CHAPTER I2 定语从句 CHAPTER I3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 词法之代词 考点直击 1.人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法 2.名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法 3.反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法 4.常见不定代词的一般用法 5.指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法 6.相互代词的基本用法 7.疑问代词的基本用法 8.关系代词的基本用法 名师点晴 代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。 01人称代词 1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示： 格 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 l me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he him they them she her it it 2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语，例如： I like table tennis. (作主语) Do you know him? (作宾语) 3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格，例如： -Who is knocking at the door? -It's me. 4.人称代词在 than 之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以，例如： He is older than me. He is older than I am. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 02物主代词 1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示： 类别 人称 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 单数 第一人称 my mine 第二人称 your yours 第三人称 his his her hers its its 复数 第一人称 our ours 第二人称 your yours 第三人称 their theirs 2.形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语，例如： Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box. 3.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语，例如： Our school is here, and theirs is there. (作主语) - Is this English-book yours? (作表语) -No. Mine is in my bag. I' ve already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (作宾语) 03指示代词 指示代词包括: this, that, these, those 1. this和 these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人, that和 those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如： This is a pen and that is a pencil. We are busy these days. In those days the workers had a hard time. 2.有时 that和 those指前面讲到过的事物, this和 these则是指下面将要讲到的事物,例如: I had a cold. That's why I didn't come. What I want to say is this: pronunciation is very important in learning English. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 3.有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用 that 或 those代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. 4.this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方，例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 04反身代词 英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我们自己”，“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。 其形式如表所示： 人称 数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself, herself, itself themselves 复数 1.作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人，例如： He called himself a writer. Would you please express yourself in English? 2.作表语，例如： It doesn't matter. I' ll be myself soon. The girl in the news is myself. 3.作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人，例如： I myself washed the clothes. (=I washed the clothes myself )(作主语同位语) You should ask the teacher himself. (作宾语同位语) 【固定短语】 a. help yourself/ yourselves to some 随便吃…随便用… b. make yourself/ yourselves at home 不用拘束 c. enjoy oneself/ enjoy themselves 过得愉快，玩的开心 d. by oneself= on one's own 独自地，独立地 e. teach oneself= learn sth. by oneself 自学 f.come to oneself g. say to oneself 自言自语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 05不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下： 1. some与 any的区别 1) some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接 ① 不可数名词+单数动词 Some rice in the bag has been sold out. ② 可数名词+复数动词 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. 2) any 多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可接不可数名词和单数动词，例如： If you have any questions, please ask me. There isn't any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea? 3) any 和 some也可以作代词用,表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中, some多用于肯定句中,例如: -How many people can you see in the picture? -I can't see any. If you have no money, I' ll lend you some. 4)复合不定代词： something anything everything nothing someone anyone everyone no one somebody anybody everybody nobody 【注意】 1.与 some, any结合的词如 something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody 在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和 some,any的用法相同。 2.形容词修饰不定代词时需要后置，例如： something important nothing serious 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. few,a few,little,a little 在用法上的区别 1)用作形容词： 含义 用法 表示肯定 表示否定 用于可数名词 a few a little few little 用于不可数名词 I'm going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends. They had little money with them. 2) a little和 little 也可以用作副词,a little 表示“有点,稍微”,little 表示“很少”,例如: I' ma little hungry.(修饰形容词 hungry) Let him sleep a little.(修饰动词 sleep) Mary,go a little faster,please.(修饰副词比较级) 3. other, the other, another, others, the others 的区别 用法 代名词 形容词 单数 复数 单数 复数 不定 another 另一个 the other 另一个 others 别人，其他人 the others 其余那些人、物 another(boy) 另一个 (男孩) the other(boy) 另一个男孩 other(boys) 其他男孩 the other(boys) 其余那些男孩 特定 1) other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”，例如： Where are his other books? I haven't any other books except this one. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2) other也可以用作代词,与冠词 the连用构成“the other”,表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与 one 搭配构成“one…, the other…”句型,例如: He has two brothers. One is 10 years old, the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other. 3) other作代词用时,可以有复数“others”,泛指“另外的人或物”。常与 some搭配构成“some..., others...”句型,例如： Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. 4)“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”,例如: We got home by 4 o' clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o' clock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese. 5) another 可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词 one，例如： You can see another ship in the sea, can't you? Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one? 6) another 也可以作代词用,表示“另一个”,例如: I'm still hungry after I' ve had this cake. Please give me another. another 另外(放于数词之前) more 另外(放于数词之后) another ten days = ten more days 4. every 与 each的区别 each every 1)可单独使用 1)不可单独使用 2)可做代名词、形容词 2)仅作形容词 3)着重“个别” 3)着重“全体”，毫无例外 4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物 4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物 当我们说 each child, each student 或 each teacher时,我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说 every child和 every student 时,我们想到的是全体的情况, every 的意思与 all接近,表示他们都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher.= All students love the English teacher. Every child likes playing.= All children like playing. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 5. all和 both的用法 ① all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语，例如： All of us like Mr. Pope. 我们都喜欢 Pope 先生。(作主语) = We all like Mr. Pope.(作同位语) All the water has been used up.(作主语) That's all for today.(作表语) Why not eat all (of) the fish?(作宾语) All the leaders are here.(作定语) ② both作代词 1)与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”，例如： Lucy and Lily both agree with us. They both passed on their sticks at the same time. How are your parents? They' re both fine. 2)与“of+代词(或名词)”连用，表示“两者都”，例如： Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are very interesting. 3)单独使用，表示“两者(都)”，例如： Michael has two sons. Both are clever. I don't know which book is the better,I shall read both. ③ both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”，例如： Both his younger sisters are our classmates. There are tall trees on both sides of the street. 06 相互代词 表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有 each other 和 one another 两种形式。在当代英语中，each other和 one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式，例如： We should learn from each other/ one another. (作宾语) Do you often write to each other/ one another? (作宾语) We often borrow each other's/ one another's books. (作定语) The students corrected each other's/ one another's mistakes in their homework. (作定语) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 07疑问代词 疑问代词有 who,whom,whose,what 和 which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作某一句子成分，例如： Who is going to come here tomorrow? (作主语) What is that? (作表语) Whose umbrella is this? (作定语) Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语) 08 关系代词 关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who，whose，whom，that，which.它们在句中可用作主语，表语，宾语，定语。在主句中，它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词，例如： I hate people who talk much but do little. I'm looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter. With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies. Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 中考演练 一.单项填空 1. Tom, please pass the glasses. I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C. him D. her 2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 3. - You want sandwich? -Yes, I usually eat a lot when I'm hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other 4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than . A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs 5. - Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk? - , thanks. I'd like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None 6. - Oh!I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. -Never mind. You can have A. us B. ours C. you D. yours 7. - Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? - is OK. I'm free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None 8. - How are you going to improve this term? - Work harder than last term. A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself 9. - Could you tell me she is looking for? - Her cousin, Susan. A. that B. whose C. who D. which 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 10. - Is here? -No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody 11. Paul has friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more 12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you' ll have to pay $30. A. more B. other C. the other D. another 13. - Do you live by yourself, Mr. Wang? -Yes. I have two sons. But of them lives with me. They are now studying in America. A. neither B. both C. none D. either 14. - Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe? -No. of them can use a computer. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All 15. Who taught English last term? Was Mr. Smith? A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that 16. That woman has a bag in her right hand. What's in her hand? A. another B. other C. one D. the other 17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of . A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves 18. - Is there a bus to the zoo? -I'm afraid there's bus to the zoo. A. no B. any C. some D. none 19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have . A. me B. my C. mine D. myself 20. This is classroom. Where is ? A. our; them B.us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二.用所给代词的适当形式填空 1. This is not my pencil-box. (I) is in the bag. 2. Trees are planted in (we) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful. 3. - Is that bike Miss Gao's? - Yes, it is (she). Beautiful, isn't it? 4. Help (you) to some fruit, Jack. 5. - Who taught your brother to surf? - Nobody. He learnt all by (he). 6. Their English teacher is from America, but (we) is from England. 7. Mary's answer is different from (I). 8. - My watch keeps good time. What about (you)? -Mine? Oh, two minutes slow. 9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with (he)? 10. Did you enjoy (you), Mary and Kate? 三.用适当的代词填空 1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, is a teacher. 2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; like ball games. 3. Let's go and have a drink. We' ve got time before the train leaves. 4. We were all very tired, but of us would like to have a rest. 5. of the twins are in our class. 6. Boys, don't touch the machines, or you may hurt . 7. It is said there is going to be important in the CCTV news. 8. We couldn't buy anything because of the shops opened at that time. 9. They didn't learn new in this lesson. 10.- Why is easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well? -Because Britain, Germany and France are all very near country. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 四.用适当的疑问代词和关系代词填空 1. is the population of the world today? 2. jumped the longest of all in the long jump? 3. - colour is your mother's dress? -It's black. 4. - is your car? -The red one in front of the tree. 5. - of the following can you often find on a medicine bottle? -I know, sir. It's instruction. 6. The necklace she is wearing is beautiful. 7. Do you know the person lost his bike? 8. Most people live in less developed countries are quite poor. 9. The boy is helping the old man is John's brother. 10. People use credit cards to buy things online should be very careful. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 练习答案 一.单项填空 1-5 BDBCB 6-10 BADCA 11-15 CDACA 16-20 BCACC 二.用所给代词的适当形式填空 1. Mine 2. our 3. hers 4. yourself 5. himself 6. ours 7. mine 8. yours 9. him 10. yourselves 三.用适当的代词填空 1. the other 2. others 3. a little 4. none 5. Both 6. yourselves 7. something 8. none 9. anything 10. it; her 四.用适当的疑问代词和关系代词填空 1. What 2. Who 3. What 4. Which 5. Which 6. that/ which 7. that/ who 8. who/ that 9. who/ that 10. who/ that 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 词法之冠词&数词 考点直击 1.不定冠词 a 与 an的用法 2.定冠词 the 的用法 3.「零」冠词 4.基数词的用法 5.序数词的用法 名 师点晴 冠 词 的用法 冠词是虚词，放在名词之前，用来说明名词指的人或事物。 冠词有两种：A(an)叫不定冠词， the叫定冠词。A用在辅音之前， an用在元音之前。 1.不定冠词的用法 ① a和 an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物，例如： John is a student. Mary is an English teacher. ② 指某一类人或事物中的任何一个，例如： A steel worker makes steel. Pass me an apple, please. ③ 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或物，例如： A student wants to see you. A girl is waiting for you outside. ④ 表示“每一”的意思，相当于 every，例如： Take the medicine three times a day. They go to see their parents once a week. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2.定冠词用法 ① 特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，例如： The book on the desk is an English dictionary. Beijing is the capital of China. ② 指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物，例如： Open the door, please. Jack is in the library. ③ 上文提到过的人或事物，例如： Yesterday John's father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan. ④ 表示世界上独一无二的事物，例如： The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. ⑤ 用在序数词和形容词最高级之前，例如： Shanghai is the biggest city in China. January is the first month of the year. ⑥ 用在某些形容词之前，表示某一类人或事物，例如： The nurse is kind to the sick. We should take good care of the old. ⑦ 用在专有名词前和某些习惯用语中,例如: the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, in the morning, in the open air等。 ⑧ 用在姓氏复数之前,表示“某某一家人”,“某某夫妇”,例如: the Browns, the Whites等。 3.不用冠词的情况 ① 某些专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词,例如: China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love 等。 ② 名词前已有作定语的 this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代词时,不用冠词,例如: That is my cap. I have some questions. Go down this street. ③ 复数名词表示一类人或事物时，不用冠词，例如： They are workers. We are students. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ④ 称呼语前不用冠词，表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词，例如： I don't feel well today, mother. Bush was made president of the U. S. ⑤ 三餐饭的名称前，球类活动，学科和节目名词前，常不用冠词，例如： I have lunch at home. He often plays football after class. We have English and maths every day. ⑥ 在某些固定词组里，名词之前常不用冠词，例如： By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。 数 词 的用法 数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。 1.基数词的用法 ① 基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语，例如： Thirty of them are Party members. (主语) - How many would you like? - Three, please. (作宾语) The nine boys are from Tianjin. (定语) Six plus four is ten. (表语) We four will go with you. (同位语) ② 表示具体数字时， hundred, thousand, million一律不用复数；在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数，例如： Our country has a population of 1,300 million people. There are three thousand students in our school. After the war, thousands of people became homeless. Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world. They arrived in twos and threes. ③ 表示“……十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代，例如： He is in his early thirties. He died still in his forties. This took place in 1930s. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ④ 表示时刻用基数词，例如： We get up at six. The workers begin working at eight. 表示“几点过几分”，用介词 past，但须在半小时以内，例如： ten past ten a quarter past nine half past twelve 表示“几点差几分”用介词 to，但分数须在半小时以上，例如： twenty to nine five to eight a quarter to ten 表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词，例如： seven fifteen eleven thirty nine twenty 2.序数词的用法 ① 序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词，例如： The first truck is carrying a foot baskets. John lives on the fifteenth floor. ② 序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思，例如： We' ll have to do it a second time. Shall I ask him a third time? When I sat down,a fourth man rose to speak. ③ 由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应，很容易写错，应特别注意。它们是： one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve→twelfth。 ④ 表示年，月，日时，年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。例如： 1949年十月一日读作: October(the) first, nineteen forty-nine 2004年九月十日读作: September(the) tenth, two thousand and four ⑤ 表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于 1时，分母加-s，例如： three fourths one second two fifths ⑥ 序数词有时用缩写形式： first→1st second→ⁿᵈ2 third→3rd fourth→4th twenty-second→22nd 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 实例解析 1. About students in our class can describe that place in English. A. three-fifths B. three-fifth C. third-five D. third-fifths 答案：A 【解析】 该题考查分数的表示法。分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。当分子大于1，分母应加-s，因此应选 A。 2. Nine pounds a week? That's very good. A. hundred of B. hundreds of C. hundreds D. hundred 答案：D 【解析】 该题考查的是数词的用法。Nine hundred 是一个具体的数量，这是数词不能用复数形式，后面也不能加 of。所以应选 D。 3. We often have sports after class, and I like to play basketball. A. a B. an C. the D.不填 答案：D 【解析】 该题考查的是冠词的用法。球类运动之前不加冠词，因此应选 D。 4. This is song I' ve told you about. Isn't it beautiful one? A. the; the B. a;a C. the;a D. a; the 答案：C 【解析】 该题考查的是冠词的用法。第一个空是特指，特指我给你说过的那首歌，第二个空是表示某一个类别。所以应选 C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 中考演练 一.单项填空 1. This morning I had egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast. A. an B. a C. the D./ 2. -What's the matter with you? -I caught bad cold and had to stay in . A. a;/ B. a; the C. a;a D. the; the 3. -Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning. -Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a; the B. the; the C. the;a D. a;a 4. sun is shining brightly. A. A B. An C. The D./ 5. There is “h” in the word“hour”. A. a B. the C. an D./ 6. - Did you enjoy your stay in Xi’ an? -Yes. I had wonderful time. A. a B. an C. the D./ 7. sun is bigger than earth. A. A; the B. A; an C. The; an D. The; the 8. There is apple and some pears on the table. A. the B./ C. a D. an 9. David has cat. It's very nice. A. a B. an C. the D./ 10. I'm reading novel. It is interesting story. A. a; an B. a;a C. the; the D./; an 11. It is said that SARS has killed more than people worldwide. A. three hundreds B. three hundreds’ C. three hundred's D. three hundred 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 12.- How many workers are there in your factory? - There are two . A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of 13. - Which is the smallest number of the four? A. Two-thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths 14. - What do you think of a war, Li Ming? -I' ve no idea. But it's a fact that people had to leave their hometown during the War on Iraq. A. three thousands B. thousand of C. thousands of D. several thousands 15. We all think that the century will bring us more hopes. A. twenty-first B. twentieth-first C. twenty-one D. twentieth-one 16. - Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six? -Yes, it is . A.856620 B.85626 C.58662 D.58626 17. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on . A. July 1,1921 B. October 1,1949 C. August 1,1927 D. May 1,1922 18. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. This year my father is twice my age. How old am I? A.21 B.22 C.23 D.24 19. Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 20. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a one. A. three B. third C. forth D./ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二.句子改错：下面各句 A，B，C，D中有一处错误，请指出并改正。 1. May is a fifth month of the year. A B C D 2. The film has been on for half a hour. A B C D 3. The boys and the girls often play the football in the afternoon. A B C D 4. It looks rainy. Why not take a umbrella with you? A B C D 5. Li Mei often gives us some good information by the e-mail. A B C D 6. We' ve planted two hundreds trees in the center of our city this year. A B C D 7. Five million of dollars is a lot of money. A B C D 8. There are thousand of children in the park now. A B C D 9. By the end of twenty century, the world population had passed six billion. A B C D 10. Over three fifth of the world's books and newspapers are written in English. A B C D 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 练习答案 一.单项填空 1-5. AADCC 6-10. ADDAA 11-15. DBCCA 16-20. BBCDB 二.句子改错 1. B a→the 2. D a→an 3. C 去掉 the 4. C a→an 5. D 去掉 the 6. B two hundreds→two hundred 7. B 去掉 of 8. B thousand→thousands 9. B twenty→twentieth 10. A three fifth→three fifths 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 词法之介词&连词 考点直击 1.常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义 2.常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义 3.并列连词 and, but, or, so等的主要用法 4.常用的从属连词的基本用法 名师点睛 01介词的功能 介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如： The boy over there is John's brother.(定语) The girl will be back in two hours.(状语) Our English teacher is from Australia.(表语) Help yourself to some fish.(宾语补足语) 02常用介词的用法辨析 1.表时间的介词 ① in, on at表示时间点,例如: at six o' clock, at noon, at midnight等。用 in表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上,例如: in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in May, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。用 on表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上,例如: on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。 ② since, after 由 since 和 after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但 since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段属于过去，因而要与一般过去时连用，例如： I haven't heard from him since last summer. After five days the boy came back. ③ in, after in 与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After 与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语，例如： He will be back in two months. He will arrive after four o' clock. He returned after a month. 1.表示地点的介词 ① at, in, on at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”，例如： He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. They arrived at a small village before dark. There is a big hole in the wall. The teacher put up a picture on the wall. ② over, above, on over, on和 above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是 under。above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是 below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一个的上面，例如： There is a bridge over the river. We flew above the clouds. They put some flowers on the teacher's desk. ③ across, through across和 through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与 on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Through的含义与 in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行，例如： The dog ran across the grass. The boy swam across the river. They walked through the forest. I pushed through the crowds. ④ in front of, in the front of in front of 是“在某人或某物前面”，在某范围外；in the front of 是“在……的前部”，在物体内部，例如： There are some tall trees in front of the building. The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom. 03介词的固定搭配 介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。 1.介词与动词的搭配 listen to, laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend... on...,等。 2.介词与名词的搭配 on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one's way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end 等。 3.介词与形容词的搭配 be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。 04连词的功能 用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。 05并列连词 并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有： 1.表并列关系的 and, both… and, not only… but also, neither… nor等 2.表选择关系的 or, either… or等 3.表转折关系的 but, while等 4.表因果关系的 for, so等 06从属连词 从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有： 1.引导时间状语从句的 after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等 2.引导条件状语从句的 if, unless等 3.引导原因状语从句的 because, as, since等 4.目的状语从句的 so that, in order that等 5.让步状语从句的 though, although, even if等 6.结果状语从句的 so that, so… that, such… that等 7.比较状语从句的 than, as… as等 8.宾语从句的 that, if, whether等 常用连词的用法辨析 1. while, when, as 这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。 ① 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While， when， as都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句，例如： As/ When/ While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car. ② 动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是 while，例如： While mother was cooking lunch,I was doing my homework. ③ 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是 as，例如： As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them. ④ 当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边…一边…”时，最常用 as，例如： Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry. She looked behind from time to time as she went. ⑤ 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用 when，例如： When he finished his work, he took a short rest. ⑥ 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用 when，例如： When John arrived,I was cooking lunch. 2. as, because, since, for 这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。 ① 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用 because。因此， because引导的从句往往放在句末，例如： I stayed at home because it rained. -Why aren't you going? -Because I don't want to. ② 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用 as或 since。Since 比 as稍微正式一点。As和 since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头，例如： As he wasn't ready, we left without him. Since I have no money,I can't buy any food. ③ for用来补充说明一种理由，因此， for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For 引导的句子不放在句子的开头，例如： I decided to stop and have lunch – for I was feeling quite hungry. 3. if, whether if 和 whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾语从句是一般可互换，例如： I wonder whether(if) you still study in that school. I don't know whether(if) he likes that film. 在下列情况下，只能用 whether，不能用 if： ① 引导主语从句时，例如： Whether he will come to the party is unknown. ② 引导表语从句时，例如： The question is whether I can pass the exam. ③ 在不定式前，例如： I haven't made up my mind whether to go there or not. 4. so… that, such… that ① so…that中的 so 是个副词，其后只跟形容词或副词，而 such…that 中的 such 是形容词，后接名词或名词短语，例如： I'm so tired that I can't walk any farther. It was such a warm day that he went swimming. ② 如果在名词之前有 many, much, little, few 时,用 so 不用 such,例如: He has so little education that he is unable to get a job. I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over. 5. either… or…, neither… nor, not only… but also… 这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化，例如： Either you or he is wrong. Neither he nor his children like fish. Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book. 6. although, but 这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中,我们不能说“Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”这个句子应改为: Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或 He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others. 7. because, so 这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.”这个句子应改为 Because John was ill,I took him to the doctor.或 John was ill, so I took him to the doctor. 实例解析 1. - When will Mr. Black come to Beijing? - September 5. A. On B. To C. At D. In 答案：A 【解析】 表示时间的介词的用法。表示某一天用介词 on。 2. The boys felt sad as they lost the girls in the talk show. A. by B. in C. to D. on 答案：C 【解析】 该题考查的是介词和动词的固定搭配。lose表示输给谁的时候用介词 to。应选 C。 3. - I like riding fast. It's very exciting. - Oh! You mustn't do it like that, it may have an accident. A. and B. or C. so D. but 答案：B 【解析】 该题考查的是并列连词的用法。答语的意思是“你不要那样做，否则会发生事故的。”在这四个并列连词中，只有 or含有这样的意思，所以应选 B。 4. John fell asleep he was listening to the music. A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as 答案：C 【解析】 该题考查的是引导时间状语从句的常用从属连词的用法。本句的含义是“约翰在听音乐的时候睡着了。”表示在干某事时发生了某个事情”通常用 while。因此应选 C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 中考演练 一.单项填空 1. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived 5o' clock the morning. A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on 2. Where's Lily? We are all here her. A. beside B. about C. except D. with 3. She sent her friend a postcard a birthday present. A. on B. as C. for D. of 4. Jack has studied Chinese in this school the year of 2000. A. since B. in C. on D. by 5. - What is a writing brush, do you know? - It's writing and drawing. A. with B. to C. for D. by 6. English is widely used travellers and business people all over the world. A. to B. for C. as D. by 7. the help of my teacher,I caught up with the other students. A. Under B. In C. With D. On 8. Hong Kong is the south of China, and Macao is the west of Hong Kong. A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in 9. - You'd better not go out now. It's raining. - It doesn't matter. My new coat can keep rain. A. in B. of C. with D. off 10. Japan lies the east of China. A. to B. in C. about D. at 11. - Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008? -I don't think so. Now the young the old can speak some English. A. either; or B. not only; but also C. neither; nor D. both; or 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 12. We didn't catch the train we left late. A. so B. because C. but D. though 13. Tom failed in the exam again he wanted to pass it very much. A. if B. so C. though D. as 14. I won't believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words I have tested him myself. A. after B. when C. if D. until 15. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours he realized it. A. when B. until C. after D. before 16. - This dress was last year's style. -I think it still looks perfect it has gone out this year. A. so that B. even though C. as if D. ever since 17. Hurry up, you will miss the train. A. and B. so C. however D. or 18. The mountain was steep few people in our city reached the top. A. so; as B. so; that C. as; as D. too; to 19. - Do you remember our pleasant journey to Xi' an? -Of course. I remember everything it happened yesterday. A. as soon as B. even though C. rather than D. as if 20. you can't answer this question, we have to ask someone else for help. A. Although B. While C. Whether D. Since 二.用适当的介词填空 1. - How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt? -I'm going there my car. 2. Mum, today is Mother's Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner us at Zhonglou Restaurant. 3. Hangzhou is famous the West Lake. 4. Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures a camera. 5. Could you tell me if there is a flight to the capital March,25m? 6. We all agree you. Let's start at once. 7. There is a big shop the other side of the road. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 8. - Which necklace have you lost? -The one you gave me my birthday. 9. You should take more exercise. It's good your health. 10. It is clear that fish cannot live water. 三.用适当的连词填空 1. they are brothers, they don't look like each other at all. 2. The dress was very expensive, I didn't buy it. 3. -Do you know I could pass the exam? -Sorry, I' ve no idea. 4. Mr. Brown knows little Japanese, he can't understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills. 5. The war was over about a year ago, the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with. 6. - Is David at school today? - No. He is at home he has a bad cold. 7. Lily Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. 8. Study hard, you are sure to have a good result in the exam. 9. Please have a wash you go to bed. 10. The twins have learned a lot they came to China. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 练习答案 一.单项填空 1-5. BCBAC 6-10. DCADA 11-15. BBCDD 16-20. BDBDD 二.用适当的介词填空 1. in 2. with 3. for 4. like 5. on 6. with 7. on 8. for 9. for 10. without 三.用适当的连词填空 1. Although/ Though 2. so 3. if/ whether 4. so 5. but 6. because 7. either; or 8. and 9. before 10. since 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 词法之形容词&副词 考点直击 1.形容词的用法 2.副词的用法 3.形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法 4.形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置 名师点 睛 01形 容 词 的 用 法 1.形容词在句中作定语，表语，宾语补足语，例如： Our country is a beautiful country.(作定语) The fish went bad.(作表语) We keep our classroom clean and tidy.(作宾语补足语) 2. 形容词修饰 something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. 3.用and或 or连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面，起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small. 4. the+形容词表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor. 02副词的用法 1.副词在句中可作状语，表语和定语，例如： He studies very hard.(作状语) Life here is full of joy.(作定语) When will you be back?(作表语) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类： ① 时间副词 时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有: now, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early,never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always 等,例如: He often comes to school late. What are we going to do tomorrow? He has never been to Beijing. ② 地点副词 地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有: here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs,downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out 等,例如: I met an old friend of mine on my way home. He went upstairs. Put down your name here. ③ 方式副词 方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的?”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾- ly 构成的，有少数方式副词不带词尾- ly,它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有: anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly,carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high,straight, wide等,例如: The old man walked home slowly. Please listen to the teacher carefully. The birds are flying high. He runs very fast. ④ 程度副词 程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much， (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly 等,例如: Her pronunciation is very good. She sings quite well. I can hardly agree with you. ⑤ 疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有: how, when, where, why 等,例如: How are you getting along with your studies? Where were you yesterday? Why did you do that? 2.副词在句中的位置 ① 多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后，例如： Mr. Smith works very hard. He speaks English well. ② 频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和 be动词之后，例如： He usually gets up early. I' ve never heard him singing. She is seldom ill. ③ 程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面，但 enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。 例如： It is a rather difficult job. He runs very fast. He didn't work hard enough. ④ 副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后，例如： On my way home, I met my uncle. The students there have a lot time to do their own research work. 3.部分常用副词的用法 ① very, much 这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而 much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级，例如： She is a very nice girl I'm feeling much better now. Much 可以修饰动词,而 very则不能,例如: I don't like the idea much. They did not talk much. ② too, either 这两个副词都表示“也”，但 too用于肯定句， either用于否定句，例如： She can dance, and I can dance, too. I haven't read the book and my brother hasn't, either. ③ already, yet already一般用于语肯定句， yet一般用于否定句，例如： He has already left. -Have you heard from him yet? -He hasn't answered yet. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ④ so, neither So 和 neither都可用于倒装句,但 so表示肯定, neither 表示否定,例如: My brother likes football and so do I. My brother doesn't like dancing and neither do I. 4.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 ① 两个人或事物的比较时(不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物)，用比较级，例如： Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class. ② most同形容词连用而不用 the，表示“极，很，非常，十分”。 It's most dangerous to be here.在这儿太危险。 ③ * The+形容词比较级…, the+形容词比较级…*表示"越…就越…"。 The more you study, the more you know. ④ *形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级"，表示"越来越…"。 It's getting hotter and hotter. ⑤ 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. ⑥ 「the+形容词」表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. ⑦ 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 实例解析 1. - Which is , the sun, the moon or the earth? - Of course the moon is. A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest 答案：D 【解析】 该题考查的是形容词的比较等级的用法。因为是太阳，地球和月亮三者进行比较，选用形容词的最高级，而且最高级之前要加定冠词 the。所以选 D。 2. He has made progress this term than before. A. little B. less C. fewer D. much 答案：B 【解析】 该题考查的是形容词比较等级的用法。因为是现在和过去进行比较，所以要用比较级，又因为是修饰不可数名词，只能用 less，而不能用 fewer。 3. - What delicious cakes! - They would taste with butter. A. good B. better C. bad D. worse 答案：B 【解析】 该题考查的是形容词的比较等级。答话人的意思应该是“如果加上点黄油，这些蛋糕会更好吃。”这里就有一种比较：加黄油和不加黄油。既然是比较，就要用比较级。因为这里讲的是好吃和更好吃，所以 C.D要舍去，而选 better。 4. Bob never does his homework Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as 答案：B 【解析】 该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法区别。因为该词修饰的是动作“做家庭作业”，所以要用副词。又因为表示一方不如另一方要用句型“not as+副词原级+ as”，所以只能选 B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 中考演练 一.单项填空 1. There are many young trees on sides of the road. A. every B. each C. both D. all 2. - It's so cold today. -Yes, it's than it was yesterday. A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold 3. Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone. A. more B. a little C. many D. few 4. She isn't so at maths as you are. A. well B. good C. better D. best 5. Peter writes of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. well 6. He is enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest 7. I bought exercise-books with money. A. a few;a few B. a few;a little C. a little;a few D. a little;a little 8. The box is heavy for the girl carry. A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to 9. The ice in the lake is about one meter . It's strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide 10. Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting. A. so B. much C. very D. too 11. Jone looks so today because she has got an“A” in her maths test. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily 12. The smile on my father's face showed that he was with me. A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 13. - Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? -Certainly, we can buy one than this, but this. A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as 14. - This digital camera is really cheap! -The the better. I'm short of money, you see. A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive 15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as as possible. A. often B. long C. hard D. soon 16. Paul has friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more 17. English people use Mr. Before a man's first name. A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes 18. - One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May. -Right. The government spoke that. A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of 19.- Remember this, children. careful you are, mistakes you will make. -We know, Miss Gao. A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less 20. I have to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something 二.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. (Fortunate), there was no money in it. 2. Mobile phones are (wide) used in most of the cities in China. 3. He put on his coat and went out (quick). 4. She is (good) than Li Ping at swimming. 5. A lot Chinese people are (pride) of Yao Ming,a famous basketball star in NBA. 6. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold (snow) night. 7. Allie asked me (polite) to put the things away. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 8. It's snowing hard. You must drive (careful). 9. The earth we live on is (big) than the moon. 10. Hainan is a very large island. It's the second (large) island in China. 三.用适当的形容词或副词填空(首字母已给出) 1. A large number of mouths must be fed in those less d countries. 2. That evening Beethoven played the music for the girl as well as u . 3. Hawaii is f for its beautiful beaches. 4. He often takes an a part in the sports meeting and he can get very good results each time. 5. The performance was so w that everyone gave a long and loud applause (鼓掌). 6. Jiefang Road is the b street in our city. 7. She lay a for hours thinking over her business. 8. I like ball games very much, but my f sport is playing basketball. 9. The boy is too l . He doesn't want to do anything. 10. The dictionary is very u . It will help you a lot. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 练习答案 一.单项填空 1-5 CCDBB 6-10 CBACB 11-15. ABCBA 16-20. CADCB 二.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Fortunately 2. widely 3. quickly 4. better 5. proud 6. snowy 7. politely 8. carefully 9. bigger 10. largest 三.用适当的形容词或副词填空(首字母已给出) 1. developed 2. usual 3. famous 4. active 5. wonderful 6. busiest 7. awake 8. favourite 9. lazy 10. useful 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 词法之动词 考点直击 1.动词的八种时态的构成及用法 2.动词被动语态的构成及用法 3.非谓语动词的构成及用法 4.近义动词的用法区别 名师点睛 01动词的时态 英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。 ① 一般现在时的基本用法 1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用，例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实，例如： The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3)表示格言或警句中，例如： Pride goes before a fall. 【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时，例如： Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性，例如： I don't want so much. 5)某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等,在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作，例如： The train comes at 3 o' clock. 6)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时，例如： I' ll help you as soon as you have problem. Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him. ② 一般过去时的用法： 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句，如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago等，上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语，例如：I worked in that factory last year. 【注意】 1.过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用 used to或 would加动词原形来表达，例如： I used to go fishing on Sundays. 2.“used to”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态，例如： This river used to be clean. ③ 一般将来时的用法，例如： 1)表示将来的动作或状态，例如： I shall attend the meeting tomorrow. 2)表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态，例如： He will go to see his mother every Saturdays. 3)表示意愿，决心，许诺，命令等时常用 will，征求对方意见，主语是第一人称时，常用 shall，例如： I will do my best to catch up with them. Shall I open the door? 4) be+going+动词不定式也是一种将来时句型，表示打算，计划，最近或将来要做的某事，例如： I am going to Beijing next week. 5) be+动词不定式表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等，例如： There is to be a meeting this afternoon. We are to meet the guests at the station. 6) be about+动词不定式，表示马上，很快做某事，例如： They are about to leave. ④ 现在进行时的用法 1)现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作，它注重现在正在进行的动作，而不管动作从什么时间开始，到什么时间结束，例如： What are you doing now? I am looking for my key. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2)现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作(但说话时不一定在进行)，例如： The students are preparing for the examination. 3)某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作,这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start 等,例如: They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow. 【注意】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态 1.表示状态的动词，尤其是静态动词，例如： be, have 2.表示认识、知觉和情感的动词,例如: know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer 等。 ⑤ 现在完成时的用法 1)现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作，例如： I have bought a ten-speed bicycle. They have cleaned the classroom. 2)现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。现在完成时常与 for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用，例如： We have lived here since 1976. They have waited for more than two hours. 【注意】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调影响；一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。 I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了) ⑥ 过去进行时的用法 表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作，例如： I was watching TV when she came to see me. 【注意】过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态，强调动作的连续进行，而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实，例如： They were building a house last month. (上个月正在建造，建造好与否不知) They built a new house last month. (上个月建造好了，动作已经完成) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ⑦ 过去完成时的用法 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和 by, before等词组成的短语和从句连用，例如： We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year. When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes. ⑧ 过去将来时的用法 过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态，较多地被运用在宾语从句中，例如： They were going to have a meeting. I told him that I would see him off at the station. 02动词的语态 语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态 ① 被动语态 1)被动语态最基本的句型结构是： be+及物动词过去分词 2)被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词、因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at 等,也可用于被动语态,例如: The children were taken good care of by her. 【注意】短语动词中的介词或副词变成被动语态时不可遗漏。 3)主动语态变为被动语态要加"to"的情况 若宾语补足语是不带 to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加" to"。此类为感官动词，如 feel,hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch 等,例如: The teacher made me go out of the classroom. I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). 4)主动形式表示被动意义 wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell 等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义,例如:The food tastes good. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 03非谓语动词 对非谓语动词的考点是：感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词 ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带 to，但变为被动语态时就要带 to；有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词 ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。这些都是历年中考的重点。 ① 非谓语动词的形式 非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词、形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词、分词或动词不定式。 ② 不定式作宾语补足语，例如： Father will not allow us to play on the street. ③ 不定式作目的状语，例如： He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. ④ 用不定式和分词作补足语都可以的动词 这样的动词有感官动词如: see, hear, look, notice, observe, feel等,使役动词如: have, make, leave, keep, get等。接不定式表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing表示动作的连续性，进行性，例如： I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。 (强调“我看见了”这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。 (强调“我见他正干活”这个动作) ⑤ 用不带 to 不定式的情况 使役动词如: let, have, make等和感官动词如 see, watch, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补,省略 to。在被动语态中则 to不能省掉。 ⑥ 接动名词与不定式意义不同 1) stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事 stop doing 停止做某事 2) forget to do 忘记要去做某事(未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事(已做) 3) remember to do 记得去做某事(未做) remember doing 记得做过某事(已做) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 4) try to do 努力，企图做某事 try doing 试验，试着做某事 5) go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来做的事 6) mean to do 打算、想 mean doing 意味着 04易混常用 动词的辨析 ① say, speak, talk, tell 的用法 1) say表示讲话，作为及物动词使用，后跟宾语或宾语从句，例如： He said he would go there. It's time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you. 2) speak表示“讲话”，一般为不及物动词使用，有时作及物动词后面跟上语言作为宾语，例如： Do you speak English? May I speak to Mr. Pope, please? 3) talk表示“谈话”，是不及物动词，与 to，about，with等连用，才可以接宾语，例如： What are you talking about? Mr. Jackson is talking with my father in the office now. 4) tell表示“告诉，讲述”是及物动词，可以带双宾语或复合宾语，例如： She told us an interesting story yesterday. My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month. ② look, see, watch 和 read的用法 1) look强调“看”这个动作，是不及物动词，常与 at连用，然后接宾语，例如： Look! The girl is swimming in the lake. Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual? 2) see指“看见”某物，强调的是结果，例如： They can't see the words on the blackboard. Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 3) watch 指的是“观看”,“注视”之意,例如: The twins are watching TV now. He will go to watch a volleyball match. 4) read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意,例如: Don't read in the sun. I like to read newspapers when I am free. ③ borrow, lend和 keep 的区别,例如: 1) borrow意思为“借入”，常常与 from连用，是非延续性动词，表示瞬间即能完成的动作，例如： Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now. May I borrow your dictionary? 2) lend 是“借出”之意,常与 to连用,同 borrow一样是非延续性动词,例如: Uncle Wang has lent his car to Mr. Li. Could you lend us your radio, please? 3) keep 是“保存”的意思，动作可以延续，例如： How long can the recorder be kept? The farmer kept the pet for two weeks. ④ bring, take, carry 和 get的用法,例如: 1) bring 意思为“拿来”、“带来”,指将某物或某人从别处“带来”,例如: Bring me the book, please. May I bring Jim to see you next Saturday? 2) take意思是“拿走”，“带走”，把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意，例如： It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you. Mother took the little girl to the next room. 3) carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、提着的含义，无来去的方向，例如： Do you always carry a handbag? The box is heavy. Can you carry it? 4) get 是去某处将某物拿回来，例如： Please go to my office to get some chalks. There is no water in the bottle. Why not get some? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ⑤ wear, put on 和 dress的区别 1)wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等，强调“穿着”的状态，例如： Tom always wears black shoes. He wears a raincoat even when it is fine. She doesn't like to wear a red flowers in her hair. 2) put on是“穿上”“戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等，着重于穿戴的动作，例如： It's cold. You'd better put on your coat. He put on his hat and went out of the room. 3) dress 可以作及物和不及物动词，有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”时，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作为及物动词用时，宾语是人，不是衣服。dress sb.给某人穿衣服，而 wear作“穿着”时，也是及物动词，但宾语是物，不是人，即 wear sth.穿着衣物，例如： She always dresses well. Get up and dress quickly. Mary is dressing her child. ⑥ take, spend和 use 的用法 1) take 指做某事用多少时间,句型是: It takes/ took/ will take+ sb.+ some time+ to do sth. It took me three days to finish the work. It will take you some weeks to travel through the forest. It takes only one hour to fly to Shanghai. 2) spend指某人在某事(物)上花费时间或钱。句型是： Someone spends+ money/ time+ on something(in) doing sth. She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat. He didn't spend much time on his lessons. He spent much time (in) correcting students' exercises. Mother spent her evenings (in) washing clothes. 3) use表示使用工具、手段等，例如： Do you know how to use the computer? Shall we use your car? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ⑦ reach, get 和 arrive的区别,例如: 1) reach是及物动词，后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语，例如： After the train had left, they reached the station We reached the top of the mountain at last. 2) get是不及动词，常与 to连用，当后面接表示地点的副词时，不用 to，例如： When the students got to the cinema, the film had begun. My sister was cooking when mother got home. 3) arrive是不及物动词，表示到达一个小地方时用 arrive at；到达一个大地方时用 arrive in。 The soldiers arrived at a small village. The foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 实例解析 1. I'm interested in animals, so I every Saturday working in an animal hospital. A. pay B. get C. take D. spend 答案：D 【解析】 该题考查的是 pay, get, take spend 这四个动词的用法区别。在这四个动词中,只有 spend 常用于“spend …ding sth.”的句型里,所以选 D。 2. - I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. - Oh,I am sorry I dinner at my friend's house. A. have B. had C. was having D. have had 答案：C 【解析】 该题考查的是动词的时态。他们谈论的是昨天晚上某一时刻发生的事情，所以用过去进行时。 3. - How long have you the motorbike? - For about two weeks. A. bought B. had C. borrowed D. lent 答案：B 【解析】 该题考查的是延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法区别。这四个动词中只有had 是延续性动词，它的现在完成时可以同表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 中考演练 一.单项填空 1. Listen! Some of the girls about Harry Potter. Let's join them. A. are talking B. talk C. will talk D. talked 2. Our teacher, Miss Chen, English on the radio the day before yesterday. A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught 3. I don't think I you in that dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see 4. When autumn comes, some tree leaves red. A. sound B. turn C. smell D. taste 5. Coffee is ready. How nice it ! Would you like some? A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels 6. “Mr. Zhu, you'd better too much meat. You are already over weight,” said the doctor. A. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat 7. “Don't always make Michael this or that. He is already a big boy, dear,” Mr. Bush said to his wife. A. do B. to do C. does D. did 8. Sorry, I can't hear you clearly. Will you please your E-mail address? I' ll write it down. A. review B. recite C. report D. repeat 9. Don't your coat, Tom! It's easy to catch cold in spring. A. take away B. take off C. take down D. take out 10. You go and ask Meimei. She know the answer. A. must; can B. must; may C. need; can D. can; may 11. I'm sorry you' ve missed the train. It 10 minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been left 12. I bought a new dictionary and it me 30 yuan. A. paid B. spent C. took D. cost 13. - Mum, may I go out and play basketball? - you your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finishing D. Have; finished 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 14. I have to go now. Please remember to the lights when you leave. A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on 15. A talk on Chinese history in the school next week. A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give 16. Look! How heavy the rain is! You'd better . A. don't go now B. stay here when it stops C. not leave until it stops D. not to leave at once 17. You may go fishing if your work . A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done 18. Cotton nice and soft. A. is felt B. is feeling C. feel D. feels 19. - Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday, Dick? -John . A. cleaned B. does C. did D. is 20. - Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, ? -No. She got up too late. A. had she B. hadn't she C. did she D. didn't she 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二.阅读短文，并用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空 A My name is Wang Bing. I'm from China. Now I (1)(study) at this school. I (2)(arrive) here on January 8.Since then,I (3)(make) a lot of friends. At school we speak English all the time. Next week, some new students from Africa, Asia and Latin America (4)(come) to our school. I'm very glad to know this because I enjoy (5)(meet) people from other countries. B Since 1946, one of the most important inventions has been the computer. It has been changing all our lives. The first computer (1)(build) in 1946. It (2)(be) as large as a room and very difficult and slow (3)(use). But since the invention of silicon" chip"(硅片), computers (4)(become) smaller, easier and faster to operate.Some computers (5)(be) as small as TV sets. Some can even (6)(make) smaller than a book. And computers (7)(get) smaller and smaller all the time. Who knows what the computers of tomorrow (8)(be) like? There (9)(be) several reasons why the computer is useful to us. First, a lot of information can (10)(put)into computer. Secondly, the computer works very quickly-thousands of times faster than a man and it will not be tired. Thirdly,modern computers can be built into other kinds of machines, like radios, cars and planes. So today people can spend less time doing more work with a computer. 三.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. No matter what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out (ride) the waves. 2. - What do you use the key for? - It is (use) for making the robot work. 3. No news (be) good news. I'm sure Jane is still all right. 4. - Are you feeling better these days? -Yes, much better. I as well as these days for a long time. 5. It (rain) heavily, you 'd better not go out now. 6. The city of Xi' an (become) cleaner and cleaner. 7. The boys enjoy (see) fight films very much. 8. He left the room without (say) goodbye. 9. Rice (grow) in the south of China. 10. Many trees (plant) in our school yard these years. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 四.用方框中所给的动词或动词词组的适当形式填入下列句子里，使其意思通顺，每个动词或动词词组只能用一次 allow, fall, not be, phone, receive, show, send for, pay for, be used for, turn it off, keep on 1. It's rather hot today, but the weather report says the temperature to 28℃ tomorrow. 2.“Remember, nobody to eat or drink in the computer room,” the assistant said to the new students. 3. Hi, Mike!I your invitation. Thank you very much. I' ll come on time. 4. This time yesterday I the foreigners around the ancient church. 5. My uncle phoned the booking office of the airline, and he was told there any flights to Singapore in the following three days because of the bad weather. 6. Don't lose heart and trying. 7. Don't watch TV. It's too late. Please and go to bed right now. 8. Computers are useful. They can sending E-mail. 9. If you' ve lost this book, you have to it. 10. Both of his feet were hurt in the accident. him a doctor, please. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 练习答案 一.单项填空 1-5 ABABB 6-10 CADBD 11-15 ADDAC 16-20 CADCC 二.阅读短文，并用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空 A 1. am studying 2. arrived 3. have made 4. will come 5. meeting B 1. was built 2. was 3. to use 4. have become 5. are 6. be made 7. are getting 8. will be 9. are 10. be put 三.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. riding 2. used 3. is 4. have not felt 5. is raining 6. is becoming 7. seeing 8. saying 9. is grown 10. have been planted 四.用方框中所给的动词或动词词组的适当形式填入下列句子里，使其意思通顺，每个动词或动词词组只能用一次 1. will fall 2. is allowed 3. have received 4. was showing 5. would not be 6. keep on 7. turn it off 8. be used for 9. pay for 10. Send; for 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 词法之情态动词 名师点睛 01情态动词辨析 情态动词有 can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall(should), will(would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 1. can, could ① 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)，例如： Can you lift this heavy box? (体力) Mary can speak three languages.(知识) Can you skate? (技能) 此时可用 be able to 代替。Can 只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而 be able to 则有更多的时态，例如： I' ll not be able to come this afternoon. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用 be able to，不能用 can，例如： He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. ② 表示请求和允许，例如： -Can I go now? -Yes, you can./ No, you can't. 此时可与 may互换。在疑问句中还可用 could， might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。 -Could I come to see you tomorrow? -Yes, you can.(No,I'm afraid not.) ③ 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)，例如： They' ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. ④ 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度)，用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中，例如： Can this be true? This can't be done by him. How can this be true? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. may, might ① 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用 can't 或 mustn't,表示“不可以，禁止”，例如： - Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustn't. - May/ Might I take this book out of the room? - Yes, you can.(No, you can't/ mustn't.) 用 May I…?征询对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用 Can I…?在口语中更常见。 ② 用于祈使句，表示祝愿，例如： May you succeed! ③ 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)，might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比 may小，例如： He may/ might be very busy now. Your mother may/ might not know the truth. 3. must, have to ① 表示必须、必要，例如： You must come in time. 在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用 mustn't (禁止,不准),而用 needn't, don't have to (不必) ,例如: - Must we hand in our exercise books today? - Yes, you must. -No, you don't have to/ you needn't. ② must是说话人的主观看法，而 have to则强调客观需要。Must 只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式，例如： The play isn't interesting, so I really must go now. I had to work when I was at your age. ③ 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)，例如： You' re Tom's good friend, so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for you now. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 4. dare, need ① dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为 dared,例如： How dare you say I'm unfair? He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he? If we dared not go there that day, we couldn't get the beautiful flowers. ② need 作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中用 must, have to, ought to, should代替,例如: You needn't come so early. -Need I finish the work today? -Yes, you must./ No, you needn't. ③ dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中， dare后面常接带 to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中， dare后面可接带 to或不带 to的不定式。而 need后面只能接带 to的不定式。 I dare to swim across this river. He doesn't dare(to) answer. He needs to finish his homework today. 5. shall, should ① shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见，例如： What shall we do this evening? ② shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁，例如： You shall fail if you don't work hard.(警告) He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) He shall be punished.(威胁) 6. will, would ① 表示请求、建议等， would更委婉，例如： Will/ Would you pass me the ball, please? ② 表示意志、愿望和决心，例如： I will never do that again. They asked him if he would go abroad. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ③ would 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would 表示过去习惯时比 used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义，例如： During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. The wound would not heal. ④表示估计和猜想，例如： It would be about ten o' clock when she left home. 7. should, ought to ① should, ought to 表示“应该”, ought to 表示义务或责任,比 should 语气重,例如: I should help her because she is in trouble. You ought to take care of the baby. ② 当表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用 should,例如: You should/ ought to go to class right away. Should I open the window? ③ 表示推测 should, ought to(客观推测), must(主观推测)。 He must be home by now.(断定他已到家) He ought to/ should be home by now.(不太肯定) This is where the oil must be.(直爽) This is where the oil ought to/ should be.(含蓄) 02易混知识清单 易混点一 can 和 be able to 两者表示能力时用法相同，但 can 只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式，在其他时态中要用 be able to 来表示。另外 be able to常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事，例如： Jim can't speak English. 吉姆不会说英语。 He could speak English at 5. 他五岁时就会说英语。 We' ll be able to see him next week. 下星期我们将会见到他。 He has been able to drive. 他已经会开车了。 I'm sure you ' ll be able to finish it quickly. 我相信你能迅速地完成。 We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon. 我们能在中午到达山顶。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 易混点二 can和 may 1. can 和 may 均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用，例如：Can/ May I help you? 我能帮助你吗? 2. can 和 may 表示可能性时的区别: ① 在肯定句中用 might, may, must 不用 can ② 在疑问句中表示推测用 can, might, may, must ③ 在否定句中用 can't (不可能),不用 may, must,例如: She may be in the classroom. 她可能在教室里。 Where can they be now? 他们现在可能在哪儿? That can't be true. 那不可能是真的。 易混点三 may be和 maybe may be中 may为情态动词, be为动词原形;在句中,作谓语 maybe是副词,大概、也许,相当于 perhaps;在句首,作状语 易混点四 can’ t 和 mustn’t 1. can't 根据其基本用法可译为: ① 不会,例如: I can't speak English. 我不会说英语。 ② 不能,例如: We can't do it now because it's too dark. 天太黑了,我们现在干不了。 ③ 不可能，例如： The man can't be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher. 那个人不可能是咱们老师，他比我们老师年轻得多。 2. mustn't意为“禁止、不许”，用来表达命令，表示强烈的语气，例如： You mustn't play football in the street. It's too dangerous. 你不可以在街上踢足球，太危险了。 易混点五 must 和 have to 1. must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要，还可以在间接引语中表示过去的必要或业务。 2. have to 侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时，例如： I know I must study hard. 我知道我必须努力学习。 My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night. 我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。 I haven't got any money with me, so I' ll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。 He said they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。 易混点六 need, dare 的两种用法 1. need, dare作情态动词是，多用于否定句、疑问句中，后接动词原形，例如： You needn't explain it to me. 你不必向我解释这件事。 Dare you say that again? 你敢再说一遍吗? 2.在肯定句中，它们后边多接动词不定式，此时为实义动词，例如： Tom needs to fetch the book for me. 汤姆需要给我取回那本书。 Mary dared to go across the street by herself. 玛丽敢自己过马路。 易混点七 used to do/ be used to doing/ be used to do… used to do 表示过去常常发生的动作,强调过去,只用于过去,用 to do, 不用 doing形式;而 be used to doing意为“习惯做…”, be 可有各种时态; be used to do 意为“……被使用去做……”为被动语态形式,例如: My father used to get up late. 我父亲过去起床晚。 She is used to eating meat. 她习惯吃肉。 He wasn't used to eating in a restaurant. 他不习惯在饭店吃饭。 Knives are used to cut things. 刀是被用来切东西的。(被动语态) 03方法技巧清单 方法一了解命题规律 测试内容出现频率较高的情态动词主要集中在 can,may,must,need 等词的用法上，重点为以下四点： 1. can, could 表能力的用法 2.常见情态动词的提问和回答，尤其是 May I ...? No, you mustn't/ can't. Must I …? No, you needn't/ don't have to. 3.表示推测的用法,肯定句中用 may (可能), must (一定),否定句中用 may not (可能不), can't (不可能) 。注意 can't 与 mustn't 的区别 4.情态动词的被动语态 方法二：掌握突破方法 1.从整体上把握情态动词的基本用法。 例- you pass me a pen? I'd like to write down the phone number. -Sure. Here it is. A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must 答案:A。 由题干可知，本句表示请求、许可。 2.逐个学习，了解每个情态动词的用法特征。 例- May I go to the cinema, mum? -Certainly, but you be back by 11 o' clock. A. can B. may C. must D. need 答案:C。 由题意可知，此处并非表推测的用法，而是妈妈对孩子提出的要求，故选 C，意为“必须”。 3.认真区别具有相同功能的、意思相近的情态动词的用法。 例 You get there by bus. A. don't need B. needn't to C. don't need to D. need don't to 答案:C。 由选项 A 可知 need 为实义动词,故应加上 to 才正确。选项 B needn't为情态动词,应去掉 to,故选 C. 4.解答情态动词的题目时，一定要细心领会情景特征，不要放过任何细节，只有这样才能找到足够的信息，确定最佳答案。 例 You worry about me. It's nothing serious. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. won't 答案:C。 由题干 It's nothing serious 可推断,第一句意为“你不必为我担心”,故选C。本题易错选B,mustn't 意为“禁止”，故不正确。 04错因分析 错因一语境理解错误 例- Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? -Sorry, I'm not sure. But it be. A. might B. must C. can D. will 答案：A。考查情态动词 might 表推测的用法。“I'm not sure”说明说话者的语气并不肯定，所以要用might。 【错因透视】情态动词表示推测时，肯定句中用 might , may, must, 其肯定程度递增。 错因二否定形式混淆 例 The man in the office be Mr. Black because he went home just now. A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. needn't 【分析】由下文 he went home just now 可知,作者判断办公室里那个人(不可能是 Mr. Black 。 mustn't意为“千万别”, may not 意为“可能不”, needn't 意为“不必”。 can't 意为不可能,故选 C。答案 C 【错因透视】情态动词的否定式含义不同，要牢记每个否定式的不同含义。 错因三相似词语混淆 例- Can you go surfing with us this afternoon? -I'd like to , but I look after my sister at home, because my mother is ill. A. need B. must C. have to D. should 【分析】由题干 my mother is ill 为客观要求可知,选 C。答案:C 【错因透视】相似词组 must表示主观愿望， have to 则为客观要求。学生由于不清楚这一点而误选B项。 错因四疑问答语易错解 例- May I take this book out of the reading room? - . Please read it here. A. Certainly B. No, you needn't C. No, you mustn't D. No, you may not 【分析】 May I…? 的否定答语为 No, you can't/ mustn't.; Must I…?的否定答语为 No, you needn't/ don't have to.; Can I…? 的否定答语为 No, you can't. 在口语交际中,要体会句子中的情感差别。答案:C 【错因透视】学生由于看到问句中用的情态动词 may 而误选 D项。应该注意在有问话与答语的上下文中，下文不一定要填上文出现的情态动词，而要注意情感的细微变化活学巧用。 中考演练 一.单项填空 1. - Let's go to Taishan Park by taxi. - It's not far. We take a taxi. A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. couldn't 2. - I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. - No, she be there. I have just been there. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. wouldn't 3. You play with fire, Tom. It's very dangerous. A. needn't B. may not C. mustn't D. wouldn't 4. As we know, fish die out of water. A. may B. is going to C. can D. will 5. - Can you answer my question, Lily? -Yes,I . A. may B. need C. must D. can 6. - Excuse me, you tell me the way to the nearest bus station? -Sorry, I can't. I'm a stranger here. A. can B. need C. must D. may 7. - I have to show the school report to my parents, Miss King? -Yes, you do. A. Must B. Do C. Can D. May 8. Susan's parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It be very expensive. A. must B. can C. mustn't D. can't 9. - we swim in that river? - No, you . It's dangerous to swim there. A. Must, can't B. Can, may not C. Shall, don't D. May, mustn't 10. After such a long journey, the children be very tired now. A. can B. must C. have to D. need 11. You' ve made the same mistakes again. You be more careful next time. A. can B. may C. had to D. should 12. - I fill in the check- in form right now, sir? - No, you needn't. You can complete it this afternoon. A. May B. Can C. Would D. Must 13.- Must I finish reading the book today? -No. You if you have something else to do. A. mustn't B. couldn't C. can't D. don't have to 14. You look tired now. You stay at home and have a rest. A. had to B. had better C. would like to D. would rather 15. - Could I look at your pictures? - Yes, of course you . A. could B. can C. will D. might 16. Look at those big black clouds. It rain. Let's hurry. A. must B. will C. would D. is going to 17. - Mum, may I watch TV now? - Sure, but you help me with my housework first. A. can B. may C. must D. could 18. - Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon? -I'd love to. But I'm afraid I I have too much work to do. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not 19.- you like to go shopping with me? - Yes,I . A. Would, would B. Will, will like C. Would, would love D. Would, would love to 20. - I was told to be here before seven. - Oh, you . I'm sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan. A. must B. can't C. may D. needn't 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二.选用 may, must, can, can't, should 填空 1. - your brother speak English very well, too? -No, he . 2. - you play tennis? -Yes,I .” 3. The box is very heavy. Tom move it. 4. -What about seeing a new film this evening? -I'm afraid I . I finish my English exercises this evening. 5. This fish won't keep fresh, we eat it now. 6. You do it, so I. 7. You start now, or you' ll be late. 8. Excuse me, sir. I ask you a question, please? 9. I'm not sure about the news. It or not be true. 10. Lily isn't here. She have gone to the school library, or she have gone to the meeting room, or she have gone home. Who knows? 三.用 mustn't, needn't 填空 1. You write to me if you don't have the time. 2. You hurry. I'm sure you won't be late. 3. You forget to write to me when you arrive there. 4. Jane, you play with the knife. It's very dangerous. 5. -Must I get there on time today? -No, you . 6. Time is flying. We waste our time. 7. You be afraid of the difficulty. We' ll give you a helping hand. 8. -Must I hand in the maths exercises tomorrow? -No, you . You may hand it in the day after tomorrow. 9. Tom, you read in the sun. It's not good for your eyes. 10. You worry so much. I'm sure he' ll be well soon. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 四.用适当的情态动词填空 1. Nobody live without air and water. 2. - he speak Chinese? -Yes, a little. 3. The book be returned before Saturday. 4. - I come in? -Yes, please. 5. You give up smoking at once. It's bad for your health. 6. Excuse me, I ask you a question? 7. you tell me where the station is? 8. The train will leave at half past six, so I get there fifteen minutes earlier. 9. You don't worry about her. She is much better now. 10. If you want to pass the exam, you work harder. 五、用 can 或 be able to 填空 1. No one do the work. 2. I not go to work for three days. 3. My little brother swim well when he was only six. 4. I finish the book next week. 5. He tried hard and swim across the river. 六.用适当的情态动词完成下列对话 1. A: I finish my homework now? B: No, you . You do it tomorrow. 2. A: This pencil is very short, you still use it? B: No,I . You buy one for me. 3. A: I go out and play basketball, mum? B: No, you finish your homework first. 4. A: I play football in the street? B: No, you . 5. A: you find many people in the doctor's waiting room. B: No,I . 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 练习答案 一.单项填空 1-5. AACAD 6-10 DBADB 11-15. DDDBB 16-20. DCADD 二.用 may, must, can, can't, should 填空 1. Can; can’t 2. Can; can 3. can't 4. can't; must 5. must 6. can; can 7. must 8. can 9. may; may 10. may; may; may 三.用 mustn't, needn't 填空 1. needn't 2. needn't 3. mustn't 4. mustn't 5. needn't 6. mustn't 7. needn't 8. needn't 9. mustn't 10. needn't 四.用适当的情态动词填空 1. can 2. can 3. should 4. May/ Can 5. must 6. can/ may 7. can 8. Must 9. have to 10. must/ should 五.用 can 或 be able to 填空 1. can 2. have; been able to 3. could/was able to 4. can 5. was able to 六.用适当的情态动词完成下列对话 1. Must; needn't; may/ can 2. can; can't; must 3. May/ Can; must 4. May/ Can; mustn't/ can't 5. Can; can't 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 句法之五种基本句型 名师点睛 01简单句 1.陈述句：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。有肯定句和否定句之分。 2.疑问句：提出问题。有以下四种： ① 一般疑问句，例如： Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗? ② 特殊疑问句，例如： Where do you live? 你住哪儿? How do you know that thing? 你怎么知道那件事? ③ 选择疑问句，例如： Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡? ④ 反意疑问句，例如： He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她，对不对? 3.祈使句：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如： Sit down, please. 请坐。 Don't be nervous! 别紧张！ 4.感叹句：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如： What good news it is! 多好的消息啊！ 02 简单句的五种基本句型 1.主语+连系动词+表语 此句型中的谓语动词为连系动词，作表语成分的有形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式介词短语等。常见的系动词有 be, feel, taste, smell, sound, seem, look(看起来), get(变), become(变), turn(变)等,例如: The story sounds interesting. 那个故事听起来很有趣。 Her dream has come true. 她的梦想实现了。 My books are on the desk. 我的书在书桌上。 The food seems to be nice. 这食物似乎不错。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2.主语+不及物动词 在此句型中，谓语动词是不及物动词，其后没有宾语。因为此句型中的动词表达的意思已经很明确，所以不需要跟宾语。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、程度、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等，可以带状语修饰动词，例如： My head aches. 我头疼。 The students are listening. 学生们正在听。 We study hard. 我们努力学习。 The red sun rises in the east. 一轮红日从东方升起。 The Second World War broke out in 1939. 1939 年爆发了第二次世界大战。 The boy looked out of the window. 那个男孩朝窗外看去。 主语和不及物动词(短语)是组成本句型不可缺少的必要成分。在实际运用中，不及物动词往往与副词、介词及其它相关成分有相对稳定的搭配关系。 该句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确。宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当，如动词的-ing形式、动词不定式或从句等，例如： I finished reading the book. 我读完了这本书。 Do you like apples? 你喜欢苹果吗? We discussed it at the meeting last week. 上周我们在会上讨论过那件事。 He decided to buy a computer. 他决定买一台电脑。 We love China. 我们爱中国。 They enjoyed themselves very much last night. 他们昨天晚上玩得很开心。 注：不及物动词与介词连用时，其后也可跟宾语，例如： Ann is waiting for Kate at school gate. 安正在校内口等凯特。 3.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 英语中有些及物动词能跟双宾语，即间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。能跟双宾语的动词常见的有: ask, bring, take, buy, cost, fetch, give, hand, pass, lend, offer pay, read, save,send, show, teach, tell, write 等。有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后,此时间接宾语前需加介词 for 或 to, 例如： Could you pass me the salt? = Could you pass the salt to me? 你能把盐递给我吗? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Uncle Wang made the farmers many machines. = Uncle Wang made many machines for the farmers. 王叔叔给农民们制造了很多机器。 Zhou Nan lent me some money. 周楠借给我一些钱。 Mother bought me a new dress. 妈妈给我买了一件新衣服。 The evening dress cost her forty dollars. 这件晚礼服花了她四十美元。 The girl asked me whether I could repair the bike. 那个女孩问我是否会修理自行车。 He told me how to make a chair. 他告诉我如何做椅子。 注：① 间接宾语后置与 for连用的动词有 buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等,例如: Uncle Li bought me a birthday present. 李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物。 ② 间接宾语后置与 to连用的动词有 give, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass 等,例如: Please pass a cup of tea to him. 请递给他一杯茶。 ③ 间接宾语后置既可与 for也可与 to连用的动词有 do, leave, write, bring 等,例如: He brought me a dictionary. 他给我带来了一本词典。 注：若直接宾语是人称代词时，通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前，例如： 误: Please give me them. 正: Please give them to me. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 4.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 英语中，有些及物动词除能跟宾语外，有时还须加一个补足语，句意才能完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、动词不定式和分词，副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。 本句型中的"宾语+宾语补足语"也可称之为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关 系，因此，逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点，它不同于第四基本句型中的"间接宾语+直接宾语"， 间接宾语+直接宾语"之间并无逻辑上的主谓关系。 The news made him unhappy. 这个消息使他很不愉快。 You shouldn't let him go there alone. 你不应当让他一个人去那儿。 ① 后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有 call, name, make, choose, think, elect, appoint 等,例如: We call him Tom for short. 我们简称他为汤姆。 ② 后跟形容词做宾语补足语的动词有 keep, make, find, get, think等,例如: It's very hot here. We'd better keep the windows open. 这儿很热。我们最好让窗子开着。 3.动词不定式做宾语补足语有以下三种情况： ① 后跟带 to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词常有 ask, tell, teach, wish, trouble 等,例如: He told us to keep quiet in the hospital. 他告诉我们在医院里要保持安静。 ② 后跟不带 to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词可归纳为： hear, see, watch, feel, notice, find, observe, let, have 等,例如: Let me try again. 让我再试试。 感官动词 hear, see, watch, feel, notice, observe 等后既可接不带 to的不定式作宾补,也可用 v-ing形式作宾补。前者表示动作已结束，后者表示动作正在发生。 He saw a girl get on the bus. 他看见一个女孩上车了(上车的动作已经结束)。 He saw a girl getting on the bus. 他看见一个女孩在上车(上车的动作正在进行)。 ③ help后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式既可带 to,也可不带 to，例如： My father often helps me(to) study English. 我父亲经常帮我学习英语。 ④ 后跟动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有 feel, hear, see, watch, keep, find等,例如: We found a man lying on the ground. 我们发现一个男人躺在地上。 5.后跟介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有 keep, find, take等，例如： I' ll keep the words in my mind. 我将记住这些话。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 02 There be 句型 本句型表示人或事物"存在"的概念，一般译作"有"，但应注意与表示"具有"概念的"有"(have)的区别，例如： I have two birds. 我有两只鸟。(鸟为我所有) There are two birds in the cage. 笼子里有两只鸟。(鸟在笼子里) 本句型句首的 There只是一个引导词，本身并无任何词汇意义。句子的主语是处于动词 be后的名词。动词 be 的人称和数应同其后的主语取得一致。动词 be的时态随具体情况而变化。 【注意】 动词 be 要和其后的主语取得一致。如果是单个的主语，动词 be 则随这个主语的数和人称而变化。如果是并列的主语，动词 be一般随最靠近 be的那个主语的人称和数而变化。反意问句的疑问句部分要用 isn't there?或 aren't there? 在本句型中，还可将谓语动词 be 换成某些表示“来往，存在，发生”之类的不及物动词，如 arrive,come, go, exist, happen, live, remain, seem, stand等,例如: There is a dictionary on the desk. 桌上有一本字典。 There will be a sports meet next week. 下周将举行运动会。 There stands a big tree in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一棵大树。 There used to be a shop on the corner of the street. 以前在街的这个拐角有一个商店。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 中考演练 一.单项填空 1. My teacher's voice sweet. We all like her songs. A. feels B. smell C. looks D. sounds 2. When autumn comes, some tree leaves red. A. sound B. turn C. smell D. taste 3. How the flowers smell!! A. well B. nice C. badly D. hard 4. - What do you think of the music, Eric? -It wonderful. A. smells B. looks C. tastes D. sounds 5. - Would you like to go to the cinema with me? A. Yes,I must B. Yes,I can C. Yes,I may D. Yes,I'd like to 【there be句型专练】 1. There no tea in the cup. A. is B. are C. has D. be 2. There in the next room. A. is Tom B. are some boys C. are they D. is the boy 3. There is some on the plate. A. apple B. bread C. banana D. sandwich 4. There some paper and a pen on the desk. A. is B. are C. have D. has 5. There a school at the foot of the hill. A. have B. stand C. are D. stands 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 练习答案 一.单项填空 1-5DBBDD 【there be句型专练】 1-5ABBAD 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 句法之并列句 名师点睛 01并列句的构成 并列句是由并列连词 and，but，or，for，so等把两个或两个以上互不依从，但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为：简单句+并列连词+简单句。 02并列句的分类 1.表示同等关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词 and连接前后简单句， and常译为“和、并且”也可不译出来，例如： He likes playing football and he plays well. 他喜欢踢足球，并且踢得很好。 Last year I met Kate and we became friends. 去年我和凯特相遇，我们成了朋友。 2.表示转折关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词 but(但是)， yet(可是)， while(而，另一方面)， however(可是)等连接前后简单句，but 常译为“但是,可是”,切不可与从属连词 though 或 although 一起使用,例如: It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它没有嘴巴，但是它会说话。 School is over, yet all the teachers are still working. 学校放学了，可是老师们仍然在工作。 He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想当作家，而我则想当科学家。 It's raining hard, however, we must go out. 雨下得很大，然而我们必须出去。 3.表示选择关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词 or(或者，否则)等连接前后简单句。 or有两重含义： ① 译为“或者”，表示选择，例如： Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema. 现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。 ② 译为“否则、要不然”表示条件，例如： You must tell the truth, or you will be punished. 你必须说真话，否则你将会受到惩罚。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 4.表示因果关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词 for,so等连接前后简单句。 ① for在意义上与从属连词 because,since和 as相同，但它们引导的是原因状语从句，而 for则连接两简单句，前者表示结果，后者表示原因。其结构为：简单句(结果)+for+简单句(原因)，例如： He has many good friends, for he is an honest man. 他有许多好朋友，因为他是个诚实的男子汉。 ② so意为“因此、所以”，但不能与 because同时出现在同一个句子中。因为 because是从属连词，而是并列连词，用来连接并列句。其结构为：简单句(原因)+so+简单句(结果)，例如： Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead. 李老师回家乡去了，所以王老师替课。 5.其他形式的并列句 ①“祈使句+and+简单句”。其中祈使句表示一个条件，并列连词 and引导的简单句则表示一个较好的结果，谓语常用一般将来时，例如： Use your head, and you will find away. 动脑筋，你就会想出办法来。 ②“祈使句+or+简单句”。祈使句表示一个条件，并列连词 or 后的简单句则表示一个不愉快或不理想的结果，例如： Study hard, or you will fall behind the others. 努力学习，否则你就会落于别人。 ③“either… for”结构表示“不是……就是……,或者……或者……”,例如: Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it. 我叔叔可以做那件事,或者我婶婶也可以做。 习惯上将两个句子合并成 Either my uncle or my aunt can do it. ④“not only… but also”意思为“不仅……而且……”,例如: Not only the students have missed the school car, but also the teacher has missed the school car. 不仅学生，而且他们的老师都误了校车。 ⑤“neither… nor…”结构,意为“既不……也不……,两者都不……”用法与 either… or…, not only …… but also…相同 03 使用并列句要注意的几种情况 1.并列句有时可不用连词，而用分号隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)，例如： We fished all day; we didn't catch a fish. 我们钓了一天的鱼,一条鱼也没钓到。 2.并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分，则相同的部分常可省略，例如： My father works in a factory and my mother in a school. 我父亲在工厂工作,母亲在学校工作。 3.由 so, nor, neither连接的并列句，后一简单句为避免重复，其成份常倒装并省略一些，例如： He is not a student, nor am I. 他不是学生，我也不是。 Beibei can swim, so can I. 贝贝会游泳，我也会。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 典型例题 并列句是全国各地中考英语必考的语法项目之一，主要考查学生在特定的语言环境下对并列连词 and， but， or， for， so等的掌握与运用情况，大多以单项填空、完形填空形式出现，有时也会出现在句子改错和短文改错题型中。 例 1 Work hard, you will pass the driving test. A. or B. but C. because D. and 【解析】 “努力学习”，你就会通过驾驶考试”，两者之间是并列关系，应用句式“祈使句+ and+简单句”。 例 2 Stop cutting trees, the earth will become worse and worse. A. and B. then C. but D. or 【解析】 根据句意，前后是转折关系，应用句式“祈使句+ or+简单句”。 例 3 They bought Granny a present she liked it very much. A. and B. so C. but 【解析】 本题前后两句表示并列关系。 例 4 They all went to the cinema, I didn't. A. get B. or C. but D. so 【解析】 本题的前后意思带有转折关系。 例 5 - Hello, Mr. Huang! - I'm sorry, I don't think I know you. A. and B. or C. but D. because 【解析】 本题的前后意思带有转折关系， but此处意为“可是”。 例 6 The little boy is very young he can look after himself well. A. So B. but C. if D. or 【解析】 本题的前后两句有明显的转折关系。 例 7 Bill put his hands behind his back, nobody could see his hands. A. so B. and C. or D. but 【解析】 从上下文可知 nobody could see his hands的原因是 Bill put his hands behind his back, 所以应该用 so来表示结果。例 8 Neither you nor I from Canada. We are from Australia. A. is B. are C. am D. be 【解析】 “neither… nor…”结构意为“既不……也不……,两者都不……”,连接主语时,谓语动词应与其邻近的主语保持一致。 例 9 -We get knowledge from books from life. -Yes, both are important. A. either; or B. not only; but also C. neither; nor D. not; but 【解析】 “not only…but also”意为“不仅……而且……”,用于连接两个并列的内容,做主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等。 例题答案 一.单项填空 1-5. DDACC 6-9. BACB 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 句法之祈使句 名 师 点 睛 01 祈使句的用法 定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。 祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号来表示结束，例如： Go and wash your hands. (去洗你的手。——命令) Be quiet, please. (Please be quiet.) (请安静。——请求) Be kind to our sister. (对姊妹要和善。——劝告) Watch your steps. (走路小心。——警告)( Look out! Danger! (小心！危险！——强烈警告，如感叹句) Keep off the grass. (勿踩草坪。——禁止) No parking. (禁止停车。——禁止) 祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来，使对方听起来觉得柔和些，例如： You go and tell him, Chris. (克立斯，去告诉他。) 02 相关口决 祈使句无主语，主语 you常省去 动词原形谓语当，句首加 don't变否定 朗读应当用降调，句末常标感叹号 03表现形 式 1.肯定结构： ① Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分),例如: Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略,例如: This way,please.= Go this way,please. 请这边走。 ② Be型(即: Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分),例如: Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! ③ Let型(即: Let+宾语 +动词原形 +其它成分),例如: Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 2.否定结构： ① Do 型和 Be 型的否定式都是在句首加 don't 构成,例如: Don't forget me! 不要忘记我！ Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到！ ② Let 型的否定式有两种:" Don't + let +宾语+动词原形+其它成分"和" Let +宾语+ not +动词原形+其它成分"，例如： Don't let him go./ Let him not go. 别让他走。 ③ 有些可用 no 开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句，例如： No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ No fishing! 禁止钓鱼！ 4." Let"后头除了是不带" to"的不定式动词之外,还可以是某些适当的副词,如 out, in, down, alone 等,例如: Let the puppy out. Open the windows and let the fresh air in. The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down. Let me alone, please. 5.用" Let's"时，把谈话者的对象包括在内；用" Let us"时，并不包括对方，例如： Let's try it, shall we? Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 中考演练 一.单项填空 1. this kind of peach, and you will like it. A. To try B. Trying C. Try D. Tried 2. the radio, please. The baby is sleeping now. A. Not turn on B. Don't turn on C. Not turn down D. Don't turn down 3. - Please bring your homework to school tomorrow, Steven. -OK,I . A. will B. won't C. do D. don't 4. - Peter, don't step on the grass. A. It doesn't matter B. I can't do it C. Don't worry D. Sorry, I won't do it again 5. - Remember to ask her to call me back. A. Never mind B. That's right C. Up to you D. All right 6. - Let's go out and enjoy the sunshine. - . It's boring to stay at home. A. Sounds great B. Not at all C. Forget it D. No way 7. - late for school again, Tim! -Sorry, I promise that I . A. Don't; won't B. Don't be; won't C. Don't be; don't D. Don't; will 8. Boys and girls, up your hands if you want to go for a picnic this weekend. A. putting B. to put C. put D. puts 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二.(祈使句)按要求完成下面的句子，每空一词 1.这边请！ , please! 2.我来帮你吧。 help you. 3.我们休息一下吧。 a rest. 4.让她走吧。 leave. 5.要永远记住那个可怕的日子。 that terrible day. 6.务必告诉他这个消息！ him the news! 练习答案 一.单项填空 1-5. CBADD 6-8. ABC 二.(祈使句)按要求完成下面的句子，每空一词 1. This way 2. Let me 3. Let's have 4. Let her 5. Always remember 6. Do tell 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 句法之反义疑问句 考点直击 1.反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是：“肯定陈述+否定疑问”或“否定陈述+肯定疑问” 2.简略问句如果是否定式： not应与 be,do,will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写 3.简略问句的主语不用名词，应用人称代词 4.陈述部分含“too... to”时,是否定句 名 师点睛 反义疑问句的用法 1.陈述部分 I am 时,疑问部分要用 aren't I. I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I? (我和你姐姐一样高,对吗?) 2.陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly 等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义,例如： The old man made no answer, did he? Jim is never late for school, is he? 3 陈述部分有 have to+v.(had to+v.),疑问部分常用 don't+主语(didn't+主语),例如: We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 4.陈述部分的谓语是 used to 时,疑问部分用 didn't+主语或 usedn't+主语,例如: He used to take pictures there, didn't he/ usedn't he? 5.陈述部分有 had better (最好)+v.疑问句部分用 hadn't you?例如: You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 6.陈述部分有 would rather (宁可、宁愿)+v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't+主语,例如: He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 7.陈述部分有 You'd like to +v.疑问部分用 wouldn't+主语,例如: You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 8.陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词 everything, that, nothing, this 等,疑问部分主语用 it,例如: Everything is ready, isn't it? 陈述部分主语是不定代词 everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数 they, 有时也用单数 he来表示。 Everyone knows the answer, don't they?(doesn't he?) Nobody knows about it, do they?(does he?) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 9. think引导的宾语从句： A.主语是第一人称 I don't think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, can't she? B.如果主语不是第一人称则疑问部分与主句相对应构成反意疑问句 He thought they were wrong, didn't he?(不能说 weren't they?) 10.省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用 will you，例如： Don't do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / won't you? 11. Let's开头的祈使句,后用 shall we (或用 shan't we)?而 Let us开头的祈使句,后用 will you (或 won't you)? Let's go and listen to the music, shall we (或用 shan't we)? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you (或 won't you)? 12.陈述部分是" there be"结构的,疑问部分用 there,例如: There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? There will not be any trouble, will there? 13.否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式，例如： It is impossible, isn't it? He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 中考演练 一.单项填空 1. He hardly hurt himself in the accident, ? A. doesn't he B. didn't he C. did he D. does he 2. Let's search the Internet for some information about famous people, ? A. will you B. won't you C. shall we 3. Eric's never seen a three-D movie at the cinema, ? A. hasn't he B. has he C. isn't he D. is he 4. - He didn't go to the lecture this morning, did he? - . Though he was not feeling very well. A. No, he didn't. B. Yes, he did. C. No, he did. D. Yes, he didn't. 5. - He's already back to Australia, ? - . He is on a visit to Shanghai. A. isn't he; No B. hasn't he; Yes C. isn't he; Yes D. hasn't he; No 6. - She doesn't like geography, does she? A. Yes, she does B. Yes, she doesn't C. No, she does 7. He's flown to Hainan for a holiday, he? A. isn't B. hasn't C. wasn't 8. - Let's go skating, ? -OK. Let's go. A. do you B. don't you C. will you D. shall we 9. - There is little milk in the milk bag, there? -OK. I' ll get you a new bag. A. is B. isn't C. aren't D. are 10. Bob, you watched the fashion show last night, ? A. weren't you B. didn't you C. haven't you D. won't you 11. - Are you going to the picnic with us tonight? -Yes. You won't be late, ? A. should you B. will you C. don't you D. can you 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 12. There is no important information in the newspaper, ? A. isn't there B. is it C. is there 13. There are two libraries in this city, ? A. aren't there B. aren't they C. are two 14. Mom, my grandfather goes for a walk after supper every day, ? A. does he B. is he C. doesn't he D. isn't he 15. Liu Qian has made“magic” a hot word, he? A. doesn't B. didn't C. hasn't D. isn't 16. - You aren't a professional athlete, are you? - . I am just a football fan. A. Yes,I am B. No,I'm not C. Of course D. Sometimes 17. - Millions of people know about Susan Boyle now, ? - , she becomes well-known because of her success on Britain's Got Talent. A. do they; No B. do they; Yes C. don't they; No D. don't they; Yes 18. He's fed the dog and the cat, ? A. doesn't he B. isn't he C. wasn't he D. hasn't he 19. John, clean your room, ? A. will you B. shall we C. don't you D. doesn't he 20. I don't think she has gone to Beijing, ? A. has she B. hasn't she C. do I D. don't I 练习答案 一.单项填空 1-5. CCBBA 6-10. ABDAB 11-15. BCACC 16-20. BDDAA 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 句法之宾语从句 考点直击 中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面： 1.引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择 2.宾语从句的语序 3.宾语从句的时态 考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。 名 师 点睛 01宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1.由 that引导的宾语从句。 That只有语法作用，没有实际的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略，例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn't know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2.由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分，例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don't know why the train is late. 3.由 if 或 whether引导的宾语从句, if 和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否”,例如: I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether(if)I could help him. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 02宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，例如： I hear(that) physics isn't easy. I think(that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when we' ll have the meeting. 03宾语从句的时态 1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态，例如： I don't think(that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)，例如： He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U. S. soon. 3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时，例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 实例解析 1. Miss Green didn't tell us in 2009. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 答案：D 【解析】 该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序，本题时间为 2009年，用一般过去时的时态，所以应选 D。 2. Would you please tell me ? A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didn't watch the game 答案：D 【解析】 该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。 3. I don't know when . A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 答案：B 【解析】 该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有 B 在语序和时态上符合要求。 4. -We don't know . - It is said that he was born in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from 答案：C 【解析】 该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和 B 可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有 C 正确。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 中考演练 一.单项填空 1. Do you know during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did 2. I want to know . A. what is his name B. what's his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 3. Do you know I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which 4. Jim doesn't understand . A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping 5. Could you tell me she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. which 6. Mr. King didn't know yesterday evening. A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home 7. Could you tell me the bike this morning? A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend 8. - I'm waiting for the mail. Do you know it will arrive? -Usually it comes by 4:00. A. how B. where C. when D. what 9. - Excuse me, would you please tell me ? - Certainly. Go straight along here. It's next to a hospital. A. how we can get to the post office B. how can we get to the post office C. how get to the post office D. how could we get to the post office 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 10. - Can I help you? - Yes. I'd like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me take to get there? A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it 11. He wanted to know . A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start C. what he's going to do at the meeting D. where would the meeting be held 12. - Could you tell me the Bamboo Garden? - The day after tomorrow, I think. A. when will you visit B. when you will visit C. when would you visit D. when you would visit 13. Would you please tell me next, Mr. Wang? A. what should we do B. we should do what C. what we should do D. should we do what 14. You can't imagine when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 15. I want to know you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. A. that B. when C. where D. whether 16. - Could you tell me ? - Sorry, I don't know. I was not at the meeting. A. what does he say at the meeting B. what did he say at the meeting C. what he says at the meeting D. what he said at the meeting 17. - Could you tell me last night? - Err,I was watching Euro 2004 at home. A. what you were doing B. what were you doing C. what you are doing D. what are you doing 18. The teacher asked the students . A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein born C. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 19. Every morning the patients are asked if their temperature.D. when A. they had had B. have they had C. they have had D. had they had 20. It's up to you to decide you' ll go there, by air or by road. A. how B. why C. that 二.根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子 1.李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。 Li Ming says interested in playing computer games. 2.我认为玛丽不会来了。 I don't think Mary . 3.山姆给我说他准备去上海。 Sam told me that he for Shanghai. 4.请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗? Could you tell me I can get to the Bell Tower? 5.父亲说他买了一台新电脑。 Father said that he a new computer. 6.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。 I want to know there is a train to Beijing. 7.你知道一个双人间多少钱吗? Do you know a double room ? 8.请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗? Could you tell me we' re going to be away? 9.叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。 Uncle said that he a new novel. 10.杰克说他有重要事情要做。 Jack said he something important to do. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 练习答案 一.单项填空 1-5CDBBC 6-10DCCAC 11-15. BBCBD 16-20. DAACA 二.根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子 1. he is 2. will come 3. was leaving 4. how 5. had bought 6. if (whether) 7. how much; is 8. how long 9. was writing 10. had 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 句法之状语从句 考点直击 1.时间状语从句 2.条件状语从句 3.原因状语从句 4.结果状语从句 5.比较状语从句 6.目的状语从句 7.让步状语从句 8.地点状语从句 名师点睛 用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义，状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。 01时間状语从句 1.时间状语从句常用 when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as 等连词来引导,例如: It was raining hard when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. As he walked along the lake, he sang happily. He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory. 2.时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态，例如： I' ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He won't believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 3. till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到⋯⋯时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……；在……以前不……”，谓语动词可用瞬间动词，例如： The young man read till the light went out. Let's wait until the rain stops. We won't start until Bob comes. Don't get off until the bus stops. 02条件状语从句 1.从句通常由 if, unless 引导,例如: What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Don't leave the building unless I tell you to. 2.在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态，例如： I' ll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow. He won't be late unless he is ill. 3.“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句，例如： Hurry up, or you' ll be late. = If you don't hurry up, you' ll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam. = If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 03原因状语从句 1.原因状语从句通常由 because, since, as引导,例如: He didn't come to school because he was ill. As it is raining, we shall not go to the zoo. Since you can't answer the question, I' ll ask someone else. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. Because 表示直接原因，语气最强。Because 引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由 why 提出的问题,只能用 because。As 和 since 语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。由 as 和 since 引导的原因状语从句多放在句首, because 和 so 不能同用在一个句子里,例如: -Why aren't going there? -Because I don't want to. As he has no car, he can't get there easily. Since we have no money, we can't buy it. 04结果状语从句 1.结果状语从句由 so… that, such… that, so that 引导,例如: He is so poor that he can't buy a bike for his son. She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn't see it. 2. so… that 与 such… that 可以互换,例如: 在由 so…that引导的结果状语从句中， so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是：“…so+ 形容词(副词)+ that+ 从句”,例如: He was so glad that he couldn't say a word. The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. 在由 such…that引导的结果状语从句中， such 是形容词，它可以修饰单数、复数可数名词和不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词 a 或 an, 例如： It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling. He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的，例如： It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. = The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again. It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it. = The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it. 如果名词前由 many, much, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用 so,不用 such,例如: Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. He has so little time that he can't go to the cinema with you. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 05比较状语从句 比较状语从句通常由 as…as，比较级+ than…等连词引导，例如： Tom runs faster than John does. This classroom is as big as that one. 06目的状语从句 1.目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that 引导,例如: We started early so that we could catch the first train. He studies hard so that he could work better in the future. We used the computer in order that we might save time. 2. so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个： ① 目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词 can, could, may, might 等。 ② 从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确，例如： Speak clearly so that they may understand you.(目的状语从句) Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest.(结果状语从句) 07让步状语从句 1.让步状语从句通常由 although, though等连词引导,例如: Though he is young, he knows a lot. Although I am tired, I must go on working. 2. although(though)与 but 不能用在同一个句子中,例如: 我们不能说: Though it was$