专题14 陈述句（知识清单）2026年小升初英语专题总复习（上海专版）

小升初英语专题总复习 专题14 陈述句 考点一 陈述句的肯定形式 使用秘籍： 肯定陈述句表示肯定的事实或看法 一、肯定陈述句的基本结构为“主语 + 谓语 + 其他”。 1. 主语 + be动词 (am/is/are/was/were) + 其他 - 例如：I am a student.（我是一名学生。） - 例如：She was happy yesterday.（她昨天很开心。） 2. 主语 + 实义动词 + 其他 - 例如：He likes playing football.（他喜欢踢足球。） - 例如：They went to the park last Sunday.（他们上周日去了公园。） 3. 主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形 + 其他 - 例如：I can swim.（我会游泳。） - 例如：You should see a doctor.（你应该去看医生。） 二、主谓一致 主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。 1. 主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式 - 例如：He likes music.（他喜欢音乐。） - 例如：My sister goes to school by bike.（我妹妹骑自行车上学。） 2. 主语是复数或I/you，谓语动词用原形 - 例如：They like music.（他们喜欢音乐。） - 例如：I go to school by bike.（我骑自行车上学。） 3. there be句型的主谓一致（就近原则） - 例如：There is a book on the desk.（桌子上有一本书。） - 例如：There are two books on the desk.（桌子上有两本书。） 三、时态的使用 1. 一般现在时：表示习惯性动作或客观事实。 - 例如：The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。） 2. 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或状态。 - 例如：I visited my grandparents last week.（我上周看望了我的祖父母。） 3. 一般将来时：表示将来发生的动作或状态。 - 例如：We will have a party tomorrow.（我们明天会举办一个派对。） 4. 现在进行时：表示正在发生的动作。 - 例如：She is reading a book now.（她现在正在读书。） 5. 现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响。 - 例如：I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了作业。） 考点再现 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. He ______ (like) playing chess. 2. They ______ (go) to the zoo last Sunday. 3. She ______ (read) a book now. 4. I ______ (finish) my homework already. 5. There ______ (be) a meeting tomorrow. 过关训练 单项选择 ( ) 1. He usually ______ up at 6:30 in the morning. A. get B. gets C. got D. is getting ( ) 2. They ______ a new house last year. A. buy B. buys C. bought D. will buy ( ) 3. I ______ to the cinema with my friends this weekend. A. go B. goes C. went D. will go ( ) 4. She ______ her grandmother every Sunday. A. visit B. visits C. visited D. will visit ( ) 5. The students ______ an English class at the moment. A. have B. has C. are having D. is having ( ) 6. He ______ in this city for ten years. A. live B. lives C. lived D. has lived ( ) 7. There ______ many people in the park yesterday. A. is B. are C. was D. were ( ) 8. She ______ to music when I came in. A. listen B. listens C. listened D. was listening ( ) 9. I ______ my homework before dinner. A. do B. does C. did D. will do ( ) 10. They ______ the Great Wall next summer. visit B. visits C. visited D. will visit 考点二 陈述句的否定形式 使用秘籍： 否定陈述句表示否定的事实或看法。否定形式的核心是在be动词、情态动词或助动词后面加not。 一、be动词的否定 在be动词(am/is/are/was/were)后面直接加not。 - 例如：I am not a teacher.（我不是老师。） - 例如：She is not (isn't) happy.（她不开心。） - 例如：They were not (weren't) at home.（他们不在家。） 注意：am not没有缩写形式。 二、情态动词的否定 在情态动词(can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would等)后面加not。 - 例如：I cannot (can't) swim.（我不会游泳。） - 例如：You must not (mustn't) smoke here.（你不能在这里吸烟。） - 例如：She will not (won't) come.（她不会来。） 三、实义动词的否定 借助助动词do/does/did构成否定，后面加not，实义动词恢复原形。 - 一般现在时：主语是第三人称单数用doesn't + 动词原形，其他用don't + 动词原形。 - 例如：He doesn't like apples.（他不喜欢苹果。） - 例如：I don't like apples.（我不喜欢苹果。） - 一般过去时：用didn't + 动词原形。 - 例如：She didn't go to school yesterday.（她昨天没去上学。） 四、have/has的否定 - have/has作“有”讲时，用助动词否定。 - 例如：I don't have any money. - have/has作助动词时（完成时），直接加not。 - 例如：I haven't finished my homework.（我还没完成作业。） 5、 否定词及短语 否定词/短语 含义 例句 no 没有 There is no water in the bottle. never 从不 I have never been to London. hardly 几乎不 I can hardly hear you. few / little 很少 Few people know the truth. nothing 没有什么 There is nothing in the box. nobody 没有人 Nobody likes him. none 没有一个 None of them is here. 考点再现 将下列肯定句改为否定句 1. He likes music. ________________________________________________ 2. They can swim. ________________________________________________ 3. She was at home yesterday. ________________________________________________ 4. I have finished my homework. ________________________________________________ 5. There are some apples on the table. ________________________________________________ 过关训练 单项选择 ( ) 1. My brother ______ playing the piano. He thinks it's boring. A. like B. likes C. don't like D. doesn't like ( ) 2. They ______ to the movies last night because they were busy. A. didn't go B. don't go C. didn't went D. not go ( ) 3. She ______ a new bicycle. Her old one is broken. A. have B. has C. don't have D. doesn't have ( ) 4. I ______ you. Please say it again. A. hear B. heard C. can hear D. can't hear ( ) 5. There ______ any water in the bottle. It's empty. A. is B. are C. isn't D. aren't ( ) 6. He ______ his homework yet. He is still doing it. A. finished B. has finished C. hasn't finished D. haven't finished ( ) 7. I ______ to the park. I don't know the way. A. have been B. has been C. have never been D. has never been ( ) 8. She ______ late for school yesterday. She arrived on time. A. is B. was C. wasn't D. weren't ( ) 9. There is ______ orange juice in the glass. Please give me some. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few ( ) 10. ______ likes the movie. It's really boring. A. Somebody B. Anybody C. Everybody D. Nobody 一、将下列句子改为否定句 1. She is a teacher. ________________________________________________ 2. He likes playing football. ________________________________________________ 3. They can speak French. ________________________________________________ 4. I have finished my work. ________________________________________________ 5. There is some tea in the cup. ________________________________________________ 二、单项选择 ( ) 1. I ______ like this color. I prefer blue. A. am not B. don't C. doesn't D. not ( ) 2. He ______ to school on foot every day. A. go B. goes C. going D. went ( ) 3. They ______ a party last weekend. A. have B. has C. had D. will have ( ) 4. She ______ her grandmother every month. A. visit B. visits C. visited D. will visit ( ) 5. We ______ to the museum next Sunday. A. go B. goes C. went D. will go ( ) 6. He ______ his keys. He can't find them. A. lose B. loses C. lost D. has lost ( ) 7. There ______ a lot of rain in summer here. A. is B. are C. was D. were ( ) 8. She ______ play the piano when she was four. A. can B. could C. can't D. couldn't ( ) 9. I ______ this movie before. It's very interesting. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see ( ) 10. ______ of them knows the answer. It's too difficult. A. Some B. Any C. Both D. None 三、改错题 下列句子中有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. He don't like apples. ________________________________________________ 2. She didn't went to school yesterday. ________________________________________________ 3. There aren't some water in the bottle. ________________________________________________ 4. I haven't no money with me. ________________________________________________ 5. She can't plays the piano. ________________________________________________ 6. He doesn't has a car. ________________________________________________ 7. There is many people in the park. ________________________________________________ 8. She go to school by bike every day. ________________________________________________ 9. They have went to Beijing. ________________________________________________ 10. I don't like coffee and tea. I like juice. ________________________________________________ 答案与解析 考点梳理 考点一：陈述句的肯定形式 考点再现 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. likes - 解析：主语He是第三人称单数，一般现在时谓语动词用likes。 2. went - 解析：last Sunday提示过去时，go的过去式是went。 3. is reading - 解析：now提示现在进行时，主语She是单数，用is reading。 4. have finished - 解析：already提示现在完成时，主语I，用have finished。 5. will be - 解析：tomorrow提示将来时，There be句型用There will be。 过关训练 1. B - 解析：usually提示一般现在时，主语He是第三人称单数，用gets。 2. C - 解析：last year提示过去时，buy的过去式是bought。 3. D - 解析：this weekend提示将来时，用will go。 4. B - 解析：every Sunday提示一般现在时，主语She是第三人称单数，用visits。 5. C - 解析：at the moment提示现在进行时，主语The students是复数，用are having。 6. D - 解析：for ten years提示现在完成时，主语He是第三人称单数，用has lived。 7. D - 解析：yesterday提示过去时，people是复数，用were。 8. D - 解析：when I came in提示过去进行时，主语She是单数，用was listening。 9. C - 解析：before dinner描述过去动作，用did。 10. D - 解析：next summer提示将来时，用will visit。 考点二 陈述句的否定形式 考点再现 将下列肯定句改为否定句 1. He doesn't like music. - 解析：主语He是第三人称单数，借助doesn't，后接动词原形like。 2. They can't swim. - 解析：情态动词can后加not，缩写为can't。 3. She wasn't at home yesterday. - 解析：be动词was后加not，缩写为wasn't。 4. I haven't finished my homework. - 解析：助动词have后加not，缩写为haven't。 5. There aren't any apples on the table. - 解析：are后加not，缩写为aren't，some变为any。 过关训练 1. D - 解析：主语My brother是第三人称单数，否定用doesn't like。 2. A - 解析：last night提示过去时，否定用didn't go。 3. D - 解析：主语She是第三人称单数，否定用doesn't have。 4. D - 解析：can't hear表示“听不见”，请对方再说一遍。 5. C - 解析：water是不可数名词，isn't any表示“没有”。 6. C - 解析：yet提示现在完成时，主语He是第三人称单数，否定用hasn't finished。 7. C - 解析：主语I，否定用have never been，后文说不认识路，说明没去过。 8. C - 解析：yesterday提示过去时，主语She是单数，否定用wasn't。 9. A - 解析：orange juice是不可数名词，little表示“很少”，后文请给我一些，说明几乎没有。 10. D - 解析：电影很无聊，没有人喜欢，用Nobody。 强化练习 一、将下列句子改为否定句 1. She isn't a teacher. - 解析：be动词is后加not，缩写为isn't。 2. He doesn't like playing football. - 解析：主语He是第三人称单数，借助doesn't，后接动词原形like。 3. They can't speak French. - 解析：情态动词can后加not，缩写为can't。 4. I haven't finished my work. - 解析：助动词have后加not，缩写为haven't。 5. There isn't any tea in the cup. - 解析：is后加not，缩写为isn't，some变为any。 二、单项选择 1. B - 解析：主语I，否定用don't like。 2. B - 解析：every day提示一般现在时，主语He是第三人称单数，用goes。 3. C - 解析：last weekend提示过去时，have的过去式是had。 4. B - 解析：every month提示一般现在时，主语She是第三人称单数，用visits。 5. D - 解析：next Sunday提示将来时，用will go。 6. D - 解析：找不到钥匙是因为已经丢了，用现在完成时has lost。 7. A - 解析：rain是不可数名词，一般现在时用is。 8. B - 解析：when she was four提示过去时，could表示“能够”。 9. C - 解析：before提示现在完成时，主语I，用have seen。 10. D - 解析：问题太难，没有人知道答案，None表示“没有一个”。 三、改错题 1. 错误：don't 改正：doesn't - 解析：主语He是第三人称单数，否定用doesn't。 2. 错误：went 改正：go - 解析：didn't后接动词原形，应用go。 3. 错误：some 改正：any - 解析：否定句中用any。 4. 错误：no 改正：any - 解析：haven't已经表示否定，后面不能用no。正确应为I don't have any money. 或 I have no money. 5. 错误：plays 改正：play - 解析：can't后接动词原形，应用play。 6. 错误：has 改正：have - 解析：doesn't后接动词原形，应用have。 7. 错误：is 改正：are - 解析：people是复数，be动词用are。 8. 错误：go 改正：goes - 解析：every day提示一般现在时，主语She是第三人称单数，用goes。 9. 错误：went 改正：gone - 解析：现在完成时结构为have/has + 过去分词，go的过去分词是gone。 10. 错误：and 改正：or - 解析：否定句中用or连接并列成分。 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $