专题3 说明文阅读(Word教师用书)-【芸熙百分】2025-2026学年八年级英语下册期末必刷卷(人教版·新教材 郑州专版)

**基本信息** 聚焦期末高频考点，以跨学科及传统文化为载体，通过图文转换、信息还原等新考法，系统提炼说明文阅读解题技巧，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |A（物理）|5题|图文转换定位关键句、信息还原衔接上下文|光的折射原理与现象解释的逻辑链| |B（健康）|5题|代词指代找前文对象、标题归纳抓主旨|志愿服务与健康关系的因果分析| |C（传统文化）|5题|文章结构分析总分总、跨学科关联语文|中国待客礼仪的文化内涵与行为体现| |D（地理）|5题|写作手法拆解观点-事实-原因、推理判断尾段延伸|自然灾害实例与人类敬畏自然的认知递进|

专题3　说明文阅读 紧扣课程标准 根据最新教材编写 编者按：聚焦期末高频及重难考点，专题训练，提升能力！ 跨学科 物理 A （话题：海市蜃楼的奥秘） 　　［重庆市］A giant “ancient city” appeared on the surface of a lake.But after about half an hour，the “city” was gone.You might think that some unknown forces were in control of it.But it’s believed that the “city on the lake” was actually a mirage（海市蜃楼）. 　　A mirage is a trick that light and air play with our vision（视觉）.　a　 Normally，light travels in a straight line，but it can bend and change direction depending on what it passes through.This bending is called “refraction （折射）”.　b　 　　If different layers of air are at different temperatures，light will bend at different angles（角度） when passing through them.This can create a false image of a nearby object. 　　　c　The layer of air near the lake is cooler and denser（密度大的） than the higher layers，as the lake absorbs（吸收） most of the heat.The buildings in the mirage were actually on a nearby mountain.But their image showed up above the lake after light refracted in different layers of air. 　　Mirages happen not only over large bodies of water，but also anywhere where the ground can absorb a lot of heat.　d　 They are often seen on the hot roads and in deserts.The next time you think you see a pool of water on the road on a hot summer day，you will know it’s just a mirage—an image of the sky caused by bending light. 　　根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 （　A　）1.新考法 图文转换  What is the normal track（路径） of light？ A. B. C. D. 解析：图文转换题。根据第二段中的“Normally，light travels in a straight line”可知，通常情况下，光是沿直线传播的。故选A。 （　C　）2.新考法 信息还原  Where can the sentence “Take the ‘city on the lake’ as an example.” be put in？ A.a B.b C.c D.d 解析：信息还原题。根据题干所给句子“Take the ‘city on the lake’ as an example.”可知，连接的句子应该与湖水有关，c后的句子“The layer of air near the lake is cooler and denser than the higher layers，as the lake absorbs most of the heat.”与湖水相关。故选C。 （　B　）3.What does the underlined word “false” in Paragraph 3 mean？ A.Great. B.Unreal. C.Complete. D.Man-made. 解析：词义猜测题。画线单词所在段落介绍的是海市蜃楼形成的原因，即光线在不同温度的空气层中折射而产生的虚假图像，也就是不真实的图像。由此可推知，画线单词false与unreal（不真实的）同义。故选B。 （　D　）4.Which of the following statements about the mirage is TRUE？ A.Unknown forces cause a mirage to happen. B.Mirages only happen over large bodies of water. C.The layer of air near the lake is as thin as the higher ones. D.Layers of air at different temperatures make light bend differently. （　B　）5.Where can we probably read this text？ A.In a guidebook. B.In a science magazine. C.On a school noticeboard. D.In a news report. B（话题：帮助他人，健康自己） 　　Did you know that helping out in your community can be good for you too？A new study says that kids who do voluntary work through school or community groups might be healthier. 　　The study looked at kids who did community service and those who didn’t.It found that kids who helped out were much more likely to be healthy.That is，kids aged 12 and up who volunteered were less likely to feel worried compared to those who didn’t volunteer. 　　But remember，this study can only show that there might be a relationship between volunteering and health.It doesn’t prove that volunteering is the reason for better health.Maybe people who are already healthy have more energy to volunteer. 　　Still，this news is important because more young people are feeling worried these days.About 40％ of high school students have said they sometimes feel sad or hopeless.So，it’s very important to care about kids’ health. 　　Maybe doing good things for your community can help kids feel better.This isn’t the only study that thinks so.Other studies with adults have also found that volunteering can be good for health.Helping others can make you feel like you’re part of something important and can bring you closer to the people around you.So，why not try volunteering？It might be good for your health too. 　　根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 （　C　）6.What did the recent study find about kids who volunteer？ A.They feel unhappier and more worried. B.They don’t have enough energy for study. C.They are more likely to have better health. D.They are less likely to join in school activities. （　C　）7.What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to？ A.Health. B.Volunteering. C.The study. D.Community service. 解析：代词指代题。根据第二段中的“The study looked at kids who did community service and those who didn’t.It found that kids who helped out were much more likely to be healthy.”可知，这项研究对比了做社区服务和没有做社区服务的孩子，它发现，帮助他人的孩子更有可能健康。由此可推知，画线单词It指代前文提及的“研究”。故选C。 （　D　）8.Why is this news really important？ A.Because most of high school students feel hopeless. B.Because volunteering is the reason for better health. C.Because community service is becoming more popular. D.Because the number of young people with worry has risen. （　B　）9.According to the passage，what might volunteering do for people？ A.To cause their success. B.To improve their connection. C.To achieve their purpose. D.To increase their importance. （　A　）10.What could be the best title of the text？ A.Volunteering：A Path to Better Health B.Volunteering：Bringing People Closer C.Volunteering：Helping the Community D.Volunteering：Making Youth Less Worried 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了参与志愿者服务有助于让你更健康，A项（志愿服务：通往更健康的道路）符合文章主旨，适合作本文的最佳标题。故选A。 新素材 中华优秀传统文化 C（话题：中国人的待客之道） 　　［烟台市］China is a nation of etiquette（礼仪）.Chinese people are among the most hospitable（好客的） people in the world.If foreigners visit a Chinese family，they would be surprised at the warmth that they would receive as guests.Good manners and kindness have been deep in Chinese culture for a very long time. 　　When you visit a Chinese family，the host usually makes tea for you.Then he will serve you with snacks like biscuits or candy.Someone in the family will also chat with you，never letting you feel lonely. 　　At the same time，other family members will prepare a meal for you.Chinese people treat（款待） their guests with a big meal.They always present more food than the guests can eat.And the guests must be the first to eat.Perhaps one of the things that surprise Western guests most is that the Chinese host likes to pick up food for guests，which won’t happen at Western tables.The Chinese family go out of their way to make you feel at home.As you finish eating，the host usually says，“It seems that you didn’t eat much.Please have more.”Although you tell them you are full，they still put more food in your bowl. 　　Being warm and hospitable has long been an important part of Chinese culture and tradition.This special way of treating guests shows Chinese people’s care and respect.As Confucius（孔子） said thousands of years ago： To meet friends from afar How happy we are！ 　　根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 （　C　）11.As a guest in a Chinese family，what are you usually offered by the host？ A.Coffee and candy. B.Juice and hamburgers. C.Tea and biscuits. D.Milk and hamburgers. （　B　）12.What the Chinese family do for the guests is to 　　　　　. A.show their wealth B.make them feel at home C.show their cooking skills D.make them feel uncomfortable （　B　）13.跨学科 语文  What’s the meaning of the words by Confucius at the end of the text？ A.学而时习之，不亦说乎？ B.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？ C.人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？ D.己所不欲，勿施于人。 解析：词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“As Confucius said thousands of years ago” 并结合全文可知，这篇文章写的是中国作为一个礼仪之邦，是如何热情招待客人的，再结合我们学过的语文知识，可知这句话是孔子说过的“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？”。故选B。 （　A　）14.新考法 文章结构  Which of the following is the structure of this text？ A. B. C. D. 解析：文章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段总述中国是礼仪之邦，中国人是世界上最热情好客的；第二、三段介绍了中国人是如何热情好客的；第四段总结全文。因此文章为“总—分—总”结构。故选A。 （　B　）15.What’s the text mainly talk about？ A.Where Chinese people usually go？ B.How Chinese people treat the guests？ C.What food Chinese people like to eat？ D.Why Chinese people invite the guests to their homes？ 跨学科 地理 D （话题：全球灾害实录与人类的敬畏之思） 　　Natural disasters，such as earthquakes，rainstorms and strong winds，usually make a big difference to human life.They not only cause property（财产） loss but also take away people’s lives. 　　Strong winds can be very terrible.On 31st March，2024，strong winds hit Nanchang，Jiangxi Province.The strong winds broke the windows into pieces and blew off three people sleeping at home，causing their deaths.What’s worse，more than 1，600 trees were blown down overnight.This deadly disaster was mainly caused by funnelling（狭管效应）. 　　When the earthquake happens，the ground and buildings will shake terribly.In serious situations，buildings may even fall down and people will die.In Taiwan，the most powerful earthquake in a quarter century rocked the island on 3rd April，2024.At least nine people were killed and hundreds of people were hurt. 　　Another example is rainstorms.They can flood many places.Dubai lies on the coast of the Persian Gulf（波斯湾） and in the northeast of the UAE（阿联酋） with a long and beautiful coastline.It doesn’t rain a lot.But on 16th April，2024，a big rainstorm hit Dubai.It rained so much in just 12 hours that it was like a whole year’s worth of rain.The heavy rain flooded roads，shopping malls，and even airports. 　　To better deal with natural disasters，we need to make our disaster prevention，mitigation，and relief coordination system（救灾协调系统） better.Also，people should learn ways to protect themselves when facing natural disasters.But most importantly，we should realize that we are not the master of nature，and we need to care about it and respect it. 　　根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 （　B　）16.How many pieces of news about natural disasters are mentioned？ A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five. （　B　）17.What kind of damage（破坏） can an earthquake probably cause？ A.It can blow down a lot of trees. B.It can make buildings fall and kill people. C.It can flood many places like roads and airports. D.It can make plants die because of too little water. （　C　）18.新考法 写作手法  How does the writer develop Paragraph 2？ A.Fact—opinion—way. B.Fact—way—opinion. C.Opinion—fact—reason. D.Opinion—reason—fact. 解析：写作手法题。通读第二段可知，本段第一句表述了作者认为“强风非常糟糕”的观点，接下来讲述了江西南昌遭受强风自然灾害的事实，最后说明了此次灾害发生的原因。因此本段写作顺序为“观点—事实—原因”。故选C。 （　B　）19.新考法 图文转换  Which map shows the location of Dubai？（：the location of Dubai） A. B. C. D. （　B　）20.What might be talked about in the following paragraph？ A.Why natural disasters can take away people’s lives. B.How we can respect nature and live better with it. C.Where we can learn about different natural disasters. D.Which kind of natural disasters is the most dangerous. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But most importantly，we should realize that we are not the master of nature，and we need to care about it and respect it.”可知，文章结尾告诉大家要关心和尊重大自然，所以推测接下来会讲述尊重大自然的方法。B项（我们如何尊重大自然，更好地与之相处。）符合题意。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $