Unit 5 课时3 Understanding ideas（Grammar）（分层作业）英语新教材外研版八年级下册

Unit 5 Looking into nature 课时3 Understanding ideas(Grammar)分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 单元语法：宾语从句（1） 什么是宾语从句？ 宾语从句是在主从复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。如： Rose said she would visit us sometime next week. 露丝说她下星期某时会来看我们。 ↓ ↓ 主句 从句 (宾语从句，作said的宾语) 引导词的选用 1. that引导的宾语从句 当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如"希望""相信""知道"或"说"时，其后面的句子一般用that引导。that没有任何词汇意义,只具有语法功能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是作前面动词的宾语的, 多数情况下that.可以省略。 例如: I hope (that) it will snow this winter.我希望今年冬天会下雪。 I believe(that)we shall become good friends.我相信我们会成为好朋友。 Betty thinks (that) trees can improve the air. Betty认为树木可以改善空气质量。 2.whether/if引导的宾语从句 如果我们要表达"他不知道他们周六是否会去植树"或"我记不清以前是否见过他"这样的不确定的概念时,从句就要用whether或if来引导,不能用that。 例如:He does not know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not. 他不知道他们周六是否会去植树。He asks whether/if we will go fishing on Sunday. 他问周日我们是否会去钓鱼。 Tom wants to know whether/if he needs to come early tomorrow. Tom想知道明天他是否有必要早来。 注意:在宾语从句中没有or not的情况下，一般来说whether和if两个词都可以用。如果从句中有or not的话,一般就要选择whether,构成whether...or not的结构。 一、单项选择 1．I know ________ he loves Chinese calligraphy very much. A．that B．what C．where D．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我知道他非常热爱中国书法。 that那（引导词无实义）；what什么；where哪里；who谁。根据“I know...he loves Chinese calligraphy very much.”可知，宾语从句部分结构完整，不缺成分，且表达陈述语气，应用that引导。 2．I ________ if it will rain tomorrow. If it doesn’t rain, I’ll go fishing. A．wonder B．believe C．know D．hope 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我想知道明天是否会下雨。如果不下雨，我就去钓鱼。 wonder想知道；believe相信；know知道；hope希望。根据后句“If it doesn’t rain, I’ll go fishing.”可知，说话者不确定明天是否下雨，想要知道天气情况。wonder 后接 if 引导的宾语从句符合语境。 3．Could you tell me ________ our school team will enter the final of the basketball match tomorrow? A．that B．if C．which D．why 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你能告诉我我们校队明天是否会进入篮球比赛的决赛吗？ 分析句子可知，此处为宾语从句。根据句意可知，说话者不确定校队能否进入决赛，表示“是否”之意，应用 if 引导宾语从句。 4．He thought ________ it must be the king’s musicians playing beautiful music outside. A．how B．that C．why D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他心想那一定是国王的乐师在外面演奏美妙的音乐。 how如何；that无实义引导词；why为什么；what什么。宾语从句中，若从句是完整的陈述句，不缺成分，常用that引导。本句从句结构完整，表示想法的具体内容，无疑问含义。 5．—I’m planning a trip to Harbin this summer holiday. I wonder ________ July is the best time to go there. —Why not go online to get more information about it? A．when B．what C．where D．whether 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我计划今年暑假去哈尔滨旅行。我想知道七月是否是去那里的最佳时间。——为什么不上网获取更多关于它的信息呢？ when什么时候；what什么；where哪里；whether是否。根据语境可知，说话人不确定七月是不是最佳时间，表示“是否”之意，应用whether引导宾语从句。 6．Did you hear ________ there would be a qipao show next week? A．what B．that C．which D．if 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你听说下周将有一场旗袍秀了吗？ what什么；that无实义；which哪一个；if是否。“there would be a qipao show next week”是完整的陈述句，表示确定的消息，应用that引导宾语从句，只起连接作用。 7．________ he will attend the meeting or not is still unknown. A．If B．Whether C．That D．What 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他是否会参加会议仍然未知。 If 如果/是否；Whether是否；That无实义；What什么。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，位于句首，且与后面的“or not”连用，表示“是否”，只能用whether，不能用if。 8．—I’m worried ________ I can enter a good high school or not. —Work hard and trust in yourself. A．whether B．that C．what D．if 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我担心我能否进入一所好的高中。——努力学习，相信你自己。 根据宾语从句的语法规则，当要表达“是否”且从句中出现“or not”时，只能用whether 引导，不能用if，故选A。 9．Lingling told me ________ you wanted to visit the museum. A．what B．which C．that D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：玲玲告诉我你想参观博物馆。 根据“Lingling told me...you wanted to visit the museum.”可知宾语从句是陈述句且成分完整，不缺主语或宾语，应用that引导。 10．Mrs Carson reminded Emma ________ she already had enough clothes. A．what B．that C．if D．whether 【答案】B 【详解】句意：卡森夫人提醒艾玛，她已经有足够多的衣服了。 that引导宾语从句，无词义、不充当句子成分，只起连接作用；what在从句中要作主语或者宾语，本句句子完整，不需要； if/whether表 “是否”，句意不通。reminded后接that引导的宾语从句。 11．I think ________ English is one of the most important subjects. A．that B．if C．what D．where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我认为英语是最重要的科目之一。 that无实义；if是否；what什么；where哪里。“English is one of the most important subjects.”为宾语从句，从句结构完整，表示陈述观点，应用that引导宾语从句。 12．He promised me ________ he would come to my birthday party, which made me very happy. A．that if B．that C．if D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他向我承诺他会来我的生日派对，这让我非常开心。 本题考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，空格后是一个完整的宾语从句，不缺少任何成分，因此需要用that来引导宾语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。 13．All of us doubt ________ he can finish the work on time or not. A．why B．how C．that D．whether 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们都怀疑他是否能按时完成工作。 why为什么；how怎样；that无实义；whether是否。根据“doubt”及句末的“or not”可知，此处表示“是否”，构成“whether... or not”固定搭配，应填whether。 14．The giant saw ________ some children were playing in his garden, so he got mad. A．that B．why C．what D．if 【答案】A 【详解】句意：巨人看到一些孩子正在他的花园里玩耍，所以他生气了。 根据句意可知，saw后接宾语从句，从句结构完整、语义完整，that在宾语从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用，符合题意。 15．I believe ______ we should all take action to protect the environment. A．that B．what C．which D．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我认为我们都应该采取行动保护环境。 that无实际意义，只起连接作用；what什么；which哪一个；who谁。分析句子结构可知，宾语从句we should all take action to protect the environment主谓宾结构完整，不缺成分，且表示陈述观点，应用that 引导。 16．The story tells us ________ we should forgive others and be thankful to them. A．what B．that C．if D．whether 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个故事告诉我们，我们应该原谅他人并感激他们。 what什么；that无实义，只起连接作用；if是否/如果；whether是否。根据“The story tells us...we should forgive others and be thankful to them.”可知，从句部分结构完整，不缺成分，且句意表示确定的道理而非疑问，应用that引导宾语从句。 17．I don’t know ________ he will come tomorrow. ________ he comes, I’ll tell you. A．if; Whether B．whether; Whether C．if; If D．if; That 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我不知道他明天是否会来。如果他来了，我会告诉你。 if和whether都有“是否”的意思，引导宾语从句时一般可以互换；if还有“如果”的意思，引导条件状语从句。第一空，根据“I don’t know...he will come tomorrow.”可知，此处是不知道他明天“是否”会来，用if或whether均可；第二空，根据“...he comes, I’ll tell you.”可知，此处是“如果”他来就告诉“我”，用if引导条件状语从句。 18．The survey showed ________ 98.4% of people knew about sorting rubbish. A．if B．whether C．what D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：调查显示，98.4%的人都知道垃圾分类。 if是否/如果；whether是否；what什么；that无实义，引导宾语从句时无具体含义，只起连接作用。“The survey showed”后接宾语从句，从句“98.4% of people knew about sorting rubbish”是一个完整的陈述句，不缺少成分，此时要用“that”来引导该宾语从句。 19．I don’t doubt ________ he will pass the exam, but I doubt ________ he can get the highest score in our class. A．if; that B．that; whether C．that; that D．whether; if 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我不怀疑他会通过考试，但我怀疑他是否能在我们班取得最高分。 don’t doubt表示“不怀疑”时语气确定，后接 that 引导的宾语从句；doubt 用于肯定句时，表示“怀疑”，语气不确定，后接 whether或 if 引导的宾语从句。根据“I don’t doubt”可知第一空填 that，根据“I doubt”可知第二空填 whether。 20．I don’t know ________ he will come to the party or not. A．weather B．rather C．whether D．either 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我不知道他是否会来参加聚会。 weather天气；rather相当；whether是否；either也。句末“or not”提示，此处应用whether引导宾语从句，表示“是否”的含义，whether...or not是固定搭配。空处填whether。 21．My brother asked me ________ I had finished my English homework. A．that B．if C．what D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我哥哥问我是否已经完成了英语作业。 that那；if是否；what什么；where哪里。根据“My brother asked me”可知，“asked”后接宾语从句，从句“I had…homework”结构完整，不缺成分，排除what和where；结合语义逻辑，应填if，指是否完成英语作业。 22．I don’t know ________ or not he is right. A．that B．what C．if D．whether 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我不知道他是否正确。 that无实义；what什么；if如果/是否；whether是否。固定搭配“whether or not”意为“是否”，if一般不与or not连用。应填whether。 23．I don’t know ________ we will go to the library this Sunday or not. A．that B．whether C．when D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我不知道这个周日我们是否要去图书馆。 that那；whether是否；when什么时候；where哪里。根据句末“or not”可知，此处表示“是否”之意，whether常与or not搭配使用。 24．The teacher asked us ________ we could finish the report on time. A．that B．whether C．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师问我们是否能按时完成报告。 根据“The teacher asked us”可知后接宾语从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分；结合句意可知表示“是否、能否”按时完成，应用whether引导。that无实际意义，what充当成分，都不符合。 25．The teacher asked us ________ we had read The Little Prince. A．that B．whether C．what D．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师问我们是否读过《小王子》。 “The teacher asked us...”后面接的是宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时，无实际意义，在从句中不充当成分，通常用于陈述语气；what表示“什么”，在从句中可作主语、宾语等；which表示“哪一个”，通常用于有范围选择的情况。而whether意为“是否”，常用来引导一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句。本句中老师询问“我们是否读过《小王子》”，是一个一般疑问句转化的宾语从句，所以用whether引导。 26．— I don’t know ________ I should accept his advice or not.                          — You’d better think it over carefully. A．if B．whether C．unless D．since 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我不知道是否应该接受他的建议。——你最好仔细考虑一下。 根据句末的“or not”可知，此处构成固定搭配“whether... or not”，意为“是否……”。if 引导宾语从句表示“是否”时，通常不与or not连用。应填whether。 27．She asked me ________ I had finished the report, but I didn’t have time to answer. A．what B．if C．that D．who 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她问我是否已经完成了报告，但我没时间回答。 what什么；if是否；that无实义；who谁。此处是宾语从句，从句表达“是否完成报告”的疑问含义，应用if引导宾语从句，应选if。 28．My mother asked me ________ I had finished my homework. A．that B．if C．what D．who 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我妈妈问我是否完成了作业。 that引导宾语从句，无实义；if是否；what什么；who谁。根据asked可知妈妈是在询问，且从句“I had finished my homework”结构完整，表示“是否”，应用if引导。 29．I don’t know ________ we will have more natural disasters. A．what B．whether C．which D．who 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我不知道我们是否会遭遇更多自然灾害。 表达“是否”含义，用whether。what什么；which哪一个；who谁，均不符合句意。 30．We discussed ________ we should visit the museum or the park. A．that B．if C．whether D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们讨论了我们是应该参观博物馆还是公园。 that那；if如果/是否；whether是否；what什么。根据“we should visit the museum or the park.”可知，此处是whether ... or ... 结构，意为“是……还是……”。 一、完成句子 1．I know that. He is good at kung fu.（合并为宾语从句） I know ________ ________ ________ good at kung fu. 【答案】 that he is 【详解】句意：我知道那件事。他擅长功夫。宾语从句需要用that引导，从句主语是he，系动词是is。故填that；he；is。 2．“Will you come to my birthday party?” Mary asked me. (改为宾语从句) Mary asked me ________ I ________ go to her birthday party. 【答案】 if/whether would 【详解】句意：“你会来参加我的生日派对吗？” 玛丽问我。一般疑问句变宾语从句，引导词用if/whether。主句时态是一般过去时，从句要把一般将来时will变为过去将来时would。 3．“I like reading novels.” She says.（合并宾语从句） She says ________ ________ ________ reading novels. 【答案】 that she likes 【详解】句意：她说她喜欢读小说。直接引语变宾语从句时需用that引导，that无实际含义，仅起连接作用；主语I需根据主句主语转换为she；主句时态为一般现在时，从句时态保持不变；主语she为第三人称单数，谓语动词like需变为第三人称单数形式likes。 4．Li Ming asked me, “Do you finish your homework?”（改为同义句） Li Ming asked me ________ I ________ my homework. 【答案】 whether/if finished 【详解】句意：李明问我：“你完成作业了吗？”原句中“Do you finish…?”是含有直接引语的一般疑问句。改为同义句（间接引语）时，需使用if或whether引导从句，表示“是否”。由于主句谓语动词asked为一般过去时，根据时态呼应原则，从句谓语动词需由原句的一般现在时变为一般过去时。finish的过去式为finished。 5．There will be a parents’ meeting in two days. Jack didn’t know. (同义句转换) Jack didn’t know ________ there ________ be a parents’ meeting in two days. 【答案】 that would 【详解】主句Jack didn't know是一般过去时，后跟that引导的宾语从句，而且根据时态一致原则从句需用相应的过去时态，原句的一般将来时will 要变为过去将来时would。应填that；would。 6．我听说那里将要有一个关于丝绸之路的展览。   I heard ________ there ________ going to be a show about the Silk Road. 【答案】 that was 【详解】原句中“有”是关键词，第一空引导宾语从句，指代“听说的具体内容”，需用连词that；第二空考查there be句型的一般过去时变体，主句为一般过去时，宾语从句需遵循“时态一致”原则，且a show为单数，因此用there was，故填that；was。 7．她经常提醒我应该把书还给图书馆。 She often ________ me ________ I should return the book to the library. 【答案】 reminds that 【详解】原句中“提醒”和宾语从句的引导词是关键词，对于①处：“提醒”对应的英文动词是“remind”。因为句子中有“often”，表示经常发生的动作，时态为一般现在时，且主语“She”是第三人称单数，谓语动词remind要用第三人称单数形式reminds。对于②处：“我应该把书还给图书馆”是一个完整的句子，作“提醒”这个动作的内容，是宾语从句，宾语从句引导词用that。 8．我不确定是否能按时完成作业。 I’m not ________ ________ I can finish the homework on time. 【答案】 sure/certain whether/if 【详解】原句中“确定”和“是否”是关键词。表示“确定”的词是sure/certain，形容词，作表语；表示“是否”的词是whether/if，引导后面的宾语从句。 9．我不知道他是否会来参加我的生日聚会。 I don’t know ________ or not ________ ________ come to my birthday party. 【答案】 whether he will 【详解】原句中“他是否会来”是关键词，whether ... or not是固定结构，表示“是否”；第二空是宾语从句的主语，表示“他”，用主格代词he；“会来”是将来的动作，用助动词will表将来，因此第三个空填will。 10．我想知道她是否熟悉这位作家。 I wonder ________ she ________ ________ ________ this writer. 【答案】 if/whether is familiar with 【详解】原句为宾语从句，“是否”用if或whether，“熟悉”是固定搭配be familiar with，主语she为第三人称单数，be动词用is。 一、语法选择 Li Ming, a middle school student, often felt nervous about everything. His teacher, Mr. Wang, shared a simple idea with him: Our minds have weather too. Li Ming felt very 1 at his words. Then Mr. Wang gave him a task: During the break just sit on the bench (长椅) at school for ten minutes in the morning, and look at 2 sky instead of sitting in the classroom. On the first day, he felt silly. But on the second day, he began 3 the colors of the tree leaves in the morning light. By the fifth day, when the sunlight went 4 the leaves and landed on his hand, he suddenly felt a sense of calm—mornings 5 be peaceful and beautiful. Then Li Ming 6 the second task: After dinner each night, draw a happy, sad or natural face in a notebook 7 write down the sentence: Today’s weather is... because ... 8 , he noticed his “weather” was always sunnier after a PE lesson, but if he watched short videos for over one hour at night, the next day would be “cloudy”. Li Ming told Mr. Wang 9 he discovered two secrets: First, taking good care of our minds is like taking good care of a plant. Just give 10 a little sunlight every day. Second, when we accept that we’ll have “cloudy days” too, we end up having more “sunny days”. 1．A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising 2．A．a B．an C．the 3．A．notice B．to notice C．noticing 4．A．over B．across C．through 5．A．could B．must C．need 6．A．gave B．is given C．was given 7．A．or B．and C．but 8．A．Slow B．Slowly C．Slowness 9．A．that B．how C．what 10．A．it B．its C．itself 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文讲述了中学生李明总是容易紧张，老师通过两个小任务引导他关注外界、记录情绪变化，最终让他明白照顾自己的内心就像照顾植物，接纳情绪起伏才能收获更多阳光的故事。 1．句意：李明对他的话感到很惊讶。 空格前“felt very”后接形容词作表语，且主语是人，应使用-ed形式的形容词surprised“感到惊讶的”；surprise是动词/名词，surprising多修饰事物，表示“令人惊讶的”，均不符合语境。 2．句意：然后王老师给了他一个任务：在课间休息时，早上可以坐在学校的长椅上待十分钟，望着天空，而不是待在教室里。 sky“天空”是独一无二的事物，前面需要用定冠词the修饰；a/an为不定冠词，用于泛指，均不符合语境。 3．句意：但在第二天，他开始注意到晨光中树叶的颜色。 李明之前没注意过树叶的颜色，第二天才开始注意，这是一个新的、主动的动作，应用begin to do sth.“开始做某事”，此处应使用动词不定式to notice；notice为动词原形，noticing为现在分词/动名词，均不符合该搭配用法。 4．句意：到第五天，当阳光穿过树叶落在他手上时，他突然感到一种平静——早晨可以是宁静而美好的。 根据语境，阳光是从树叶的缝隙中穿过，through表示从物体内部穿过，符合语境；over“在……上方”、across“从物体表面穿过”均不符合语境。 5．句意：到第五天，当阳光穿过树叶落在他手上时，他突然感到一种平静——早晨可以是宁静而美好的。 根据语境，此处表示“能够、可以”，情态动词could符合语境；must“必须”、need“需要”均不符合语境。 6．句意：然后李明被布置了第二个任务。 主语“Li Ming”与动词give之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；全文为过去时态，故用一般过去时的被动语态was given；gave为过去式，is given为一般现在时被动语态，均不符合语境。 7．句意：每天晚饭后，在笔记本上画一张开心、难过或自然的脸，并写下句子：“今天的天气是……因为……”。 根据语境，“画脸”和“写句子”是两个并列的动作，并列连词and表示顺承关系，符合语境；or表示选择关系，but表示转折关系，均不符合语境。 8．句意：慢慢地，他注意到他的“天气”在体育课后总是更晴朗，但如果他晚上看短视频超过一小时，第二天就会是“多云的”。 根据句子结构，此处需要副词修饰整个句子，Slowly为副词，符合语法要求；Slow为形容词，Slowness为名词，均不符合语法要求。 9．句意：李明告诉王老师他发现了两个秘密。 这是一个宾语从句，从句是完整的陈述句，引导词that在从句中不充当成分，符合语境；how表示方式，what表示内容，均不符合语境。 10．句意：首先，照顾好我们的心灵就像照顾好一株植物，只需每天给它一点阳光。 根据语境，此处指代前面的“a plant”，用人称代词it；its为物主代词，itself为反身代词，均不符合语境。 二、完形填空 Have you ever seen a group of wild geese (大雁) flying south for the winter? On an autumn day, my mother and I took a walk by the lake. As we looked at the 1 , a group of wild geese suddenly appeared. They were going south for the winter in the 2 of a “V”. I was caught by the surprising sight (风景)． My mother 3 the animal migration (迁徙) to me. One of the most surprising examples is the gray whales. They have the 4 yearly trip. It covers almost 20，000 kilometres. These whales 5 landmarks (地标) near the sea to move to the north or south. When migrating south in winter, they keep the beach on their left. When migrating north in spring, they keep the coast (海岸) on their right. What’s more, my mother explained that the migration of bird 6 the Earth’s magnetic field (磁场). These birds know how to use the magnetic field to 7 when the sun or stars are covered by clouds. Learning about animal migration makes me realise how 8 the natural world is. It also makes me understand the importance of learning and exploring the world around 9 . We should never stop exploring, 10 there is always something new to discover. The natural world is full of wonders, and we should do our best to enjoy and protect it. 1．A．lake B．forest C．sky D．river 2．A．skill B．shape C．conversation D．role 3．A．described B．suggested C．compared D．donated 4．A．darkest B．easiest C．longest D．busiest 5．A．like B．use C．protect D．break 6．A．depends on B．feeds on C．works on D．lives on 7．A．hide B．wait C．sleep D．move 8．A．warm B．serious C．peaceful D．magical 9．A．you B．her C．us D．them 10．A．because B．if C．until D．though 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．D 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文讲述作者和母亲在湖边散步时看到南飞的大雁，母亲为作者讲解动物迁徙的相关知识，作者由此领悟到自然界的奇妙，意识到我们应当不断探索、保护自然的道理。 1．句意：当我们望向天空时，一群大雁突然出现了。 大雁在天空飞行，结合“a group of wild geese suddenly appeared”，sky符合语境。lake湖泊，forest森林，river河流，都不符合大雁所处的位置，故排除。 2．句意：它们正排成V形飞往南方过冬。 此处表示大雁飞行的队形，结合“of a V”，in the shape of是固定搭配，shape符合语义。skill技能，conversation对话，role角色，都不符合语义，故排除。 3．句意：我的母亲给我讲解描述了动物迁徙。 母亲向作者讲解迁徙相关知识，described符合语境。suggested建议，compared比较，donated捐赠，都不符合语境，故排除。 4．句意：灰鲸拥有最长的年度迁徙旅程。 结合“It covers almost 20, 000 kilometres”，两万千米的行程是最长的迁徙，longest符合语义。darkest最暗的，easiest最简单，busiest最忙，都不符合，故排除。 5．句意：这些鲸利用海边的地标来向北或是向南迁徙。 灰鲸借助地标导航迁徙，use符合语义。like像，protect保护，break打破，都不符合语义，故排除。 6．句意：此外，母亲解释说鸟类迁徙依靠地球磁场。 鸟类依靠地球磁场导航完成迁徙，depends on符合语义。feeds on以……为食，works on运作，lives on靠……为生，都不符合，故排除。 7．句意：当太阳或者星星被云层遮住时，这些鸟类知道如何利用磁场移动迁徙。 迁徙过程中阴天看不到日月星辰时，鸟类需要依靠磁场辨别方向来移动，move符合语义。hide隐藏，wait等待，sleep睡觉，都不符合语义，故排除。 8．句意：了解动物迁徙让我意识到自然界是多么神奇。 后文提到自然界充满奇迹，magical符合语境。warm温暖，serious严肃，peaceful平和，都不符合，故排除。 9．句意：它也让我明白探索我们周围世界的重要性。 本文主语视角是作者和我们，此处对应表示我们周围的世界，us符合指代。you你，her她，them它们，都不符合指代关系，故排除。 10．句意：我们永远不应该停止探索，因为总有新的事物等待我们去发现。 空前说我们不能停止探索，空后说总有新事物等待发现，二者是因果关系，because符合逻辑。if如果，until直到，though虽然，都不符合逻辑，故排除。 三、选词填空 四、短文填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 nature, wonder, discover, happy, friend, important, explore, love, peaceful, smart, warm, joy We all know that 1 is our greatest treasure. I have a good 2 named Lily who shares my love for exploring the outdoors. Every weekend, we go to the nearby park to 3 the beauty of nature. Last week, we 4 a small pond full of colorful fish. We sat by it and felt 5 and relaxed. Lily said, “It’s 6 to spend time in nature. It makes us forget our worries and feel 7 .” We both believe that we should 8 and protect nature. Every living thing in nature is a 9 , and we can learn so much from it. Exploring nature brings us great 10 every day. 【答案】 1．nature 2．friend 3．explore 4．discovered 5．peaceful 6．important 7．happy 8．love 9．wonder 10．joy 【导语】本文讲述“我”和好友莉莉热爱探索自然，分享亲近自然的美好体验，呼吁大家热爱、保护自然。 1．句意：我们都知道，大自然是我们最宝贵的财富。此处需要一个名词作主语，全文围绕探索自然展开，nature符合语境，作主语用原形，位于句首，首字母大写。 2．句意：我有一个名叫莉莉的好朋友，她和我一样热爱户外探索。此处需要一个单数名词，a good friend是固定搭配，意为“一个好朋友”。 3．句意：每个周末，我们都会去附近的公园探索自然之美。此处需要一个动词原形（不定式to后接原形），explore意为“探索”。 4．句意：上周，我们发现了一个满是彩色小鱼的小池塘。根据时间状语可知，此处需要一个动词过去式，discover意为“发现”，过去式为discovered。 5．句意：我们坐在池塘边，感到平静又放松。此处需要一个形容词作表语，与relaxed并列，peaceful意为“平静的”，符合语境。 6．句意：莉莉说：“花时间亲近大自然是很重要的”。此处需要一个形容词作表语，It’s+形容词+to do sth是固定句型，important意为“重要的”，符合语境。 7．句意：它让我们忘记烦恼，感到快乐。此处需要一个形容词作表语，与feel搭配，happy意为“快乐的”，符合语境。 8．句意：我们都认为，我们应该热爱并保护大自然。情态动词should后接原形，与protect并列，love意为“热爱”，符合语境。 9．句意：大自然中的每一个生命都是一个奇迹，我们能从它们身上学到很多。此处需要一个单数名词，a wonder意为“一个奇迹”，符合语境。 10．句意：探索自然每天都给我们带来极大的快乐。此处需要一个名词作宾语，great joy意为“极大的快乐”，符合语境。 四、任务型阅读 As we all know, Yuan Longping is famous as the father of hybrid rice (杂交水稻之父). He was born on September 7, 1930 in Chongqing, and died in Changsha on May 22, 2021. In November, 2020, he and his team set a new record. They grew a new kind of hybrid rice called “Sanyou No. 1”. Its yield (产量) can reach 1,500 kg per mu. That means a 1-mu field (田地) can feed (喂养) five people! When he was young, he saw lots of Chinese people starving (挨饿). He has tried hard to make sure everyone has enough to eat. To get closer to this goal (目标), he grew hybrid rice. Hybrid rice is very important for China. About one-fifth of the world’s people live in China. But China only has less than 9 percent of the world’s land. So the rice grown in China has to have a big yield. It has to have more grains (稻粒) in each plant. Its grains have to be bigger. It has to be strong so that we can grow it in deserts (沙漠), mountains, and snowy villages. Hybrid rice can take in water and nutrition (营养) from the ground better than other rice. It can take in sunlight better as well. All of these things help it grow bigger and taller. Its annual yield (年产量) is about 20 percent higher than that of other rice. “I had a dream. In my dream, rice plants grow as tall as sorghum (高粱), each ear of rice (稻穗) is as big as a broom (扫把), and each grain of rice is as huge as a peanut (花生).” Yuan once said. Isn’t that wonderful? Maybe the scientist’s dream will come true someday. 1．What is Yuan Longping famous as? ____________________________________________ 2．When and where did Yuan Longping die? ____________________________________________ 3．Did he and his team set a new record in November, 2020? ____________________________________________ 4．How much is hybrid rice’s annual yield (年产量) higher than that of other rice? ____________________________________________ 5．What do you think of Yuan Longping? ____________________________________________ 【答案】1．He is famous as the father of hybrid rice. 2．He died in Changsha on May 22, 2021. 3．Yes, they did. 4．About 20 percent./20%/Twenty percent. 5．I think he is a great and selfless scientist who devoted his life to feeding the Chinese people and realizing his dream. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的生平、科研成果（如“三优一号”创下高产纪录）以及杂交水稻在解决中国粮食问题中的重要意义，并提及了他的“禾下乘凉梦”。 1．根据第一段第一句“As we all know, Yuan Longping is famous as the father of hybrid rice”可知，袁隆平被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。故填He is famous as the father of hybrid rice. 2．根据第一段第二句“...died in Changsha on May 22, 2021.”可知，袁隆平于2021年5月22日在长沙逝世。故填He died in Changsha on May 22, 2021. 3．根据第一段第三、四句“In November, 2020, he and his team set a new record.”可知，2020年11月，他和他的团队确实创造了新纪录。题干是一般疑问句，应用Yes/No回答。故填Yes, they did. 4．根据第二段最后一句“Its annual yield is about 20 percent higher than that of other rice.”可知，杂交水稻的年产量比其他水稻高出约20%。故填About 20 percent./20%/Twenty percent. 5．本题为开放性问答，要求评价袁隆平。答案需结合文章内容，观点积极正面。示例：我认为他是一位伟大而无私的科学家，他将一生奉献给了解决中国人吃饭问题和实现自己的梦想。故填I think he is a great and selfless scientist who devoted his life to feeding the Chinese people and realizing his dream. 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Looking into nature 课时3 Understanding ideas(Grammar)分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 单元语法：宾语从句（1） 什么是宾语从句？ 宾语从句是在主从复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。如： Rose said she would visit us sometime next week. 露丝说她下星期某时会来看我们。 ↓ ↓ 主句 从句 (宾语从句，作said的宾语) 引导词的选用 1. that引导的宾语从句 当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如"希望""相信""知道"或"说"时，其后面的句子一般用that引导。that没有任何词汇意义,只具有语法功能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是作前面动词的宾语的, 多数情况下that.可以省略。 例如: I hope (that) it will snow this winter.我希望今年冬天会下雪。 I believe(that)we shall become good friends.我相信我们会成为好朋友。 Betty thinks (that) trees can improve the air. Betty认为树木可以改善空气质量。 2.whether/if引导的宾语从句 如果我们要表达"他不知道他们周六是否会去植树"或"我记不清以前是否见过他"这样的不确定的概念时,从句就要用whether或if来引导,不能用that。 例如:He does not know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not. 他不知道他们周六是否会去植树。He asks whether/if we will go fishing on Sunday. 他问周日我们是否会去钓鱼。 Tom wants to know whether/if he needs to come early tomorrow. Tom想知道明天他是否有必要早来。 注意:在宾语从句中没有or not的情况下，一般来说whether和if两个词都可以用。如果从句中有or not的话,一般就要选择whether,构成whether...or not的结构。 一、单项选择 1．I know ________ he loves Chinese calligraphy very much. A．that B．what C．where D．who 2．I ________ if it will rain tomorrow. If it doesn’t rain, I’ll go fishing. A．wonder B．believe C．know D．hope 3．Could you tell me ________ our school team will enter the final of the basketball match tomorrow? A．that B．if C．which D．why 4．He thought ________ it must be the king’s musicians playing beautiful music outside. A．how B．that C．why D．what 5．—I’m planning a trip to Harbin this summer holiday. I wonder ________ July is the best time to go there. —Why not go online to get more information about it? A．when B．what C．where D．whether 6．Did you hear ________ there would be a qipao show next week? A．what B．that C．which D．if 7．________ he will attend the meeting or not is still unknown. A．If B．Whether C．That D．What 8．—I’m worried ________ I can enter a good high school or not. —Work hard and trust in yourself. A．whether B．that C．what D．if 9．Lingling told me ________ you wanted to visit the museum. A．what B．which C．that D．who 10．Mrs Carson reminded Emma ________ she already had enough clothes. A．what B．that C．if D．whether 11．I think ________ English is one of the most important subjects. A．that B．if C．what D．where 12．He promised me ________ he would come to my birthday party, which made me very happy. A．that if B．that C．if D．what 13．All of us doubt ________ he can finish the work on time or not. A．why B．how C．that D．whether 14．The giant saw ________ some children were playing in his garden, so he got mad. A．that B．why C．what D．if 15．I believe ______ we should all take action to protect the environment. A．that B．what C．which D．who 16．The story tells us ________ we should forgive others and be thankful to them. A．what B．that C．if D．whether 17．I don’t know ________ he will come tomorrow. ________ he comes, I’ll tell you. A．if; Whether B．whether; Whether C．if; If D．if; That 18．The survey showed ________ 98.4% of people knew about sorting rubbish. A．if B．whether C．what D．that 19．I don’t doubt ________ he will pass the exam, but I doubt ________ he can get the highest score in our class. A．if; that B．that; whether C．that; that D．whether; if 20．I don’t know ________ he will come to the party or not. A．weather B．rather C．whether D．either 21．My brother asked me ________ I had finished my English homework. A．that B．if C．what D．where 22．I don’t know ________ or not he is right. A．that B．what C．if D．whether 23．I don’t know ________ we will go to the library this Sunday or not. A．that B．whether C．when D．where 24．The teacher asked us ________ we could finish the report on time. A．that B．whether C．what 25．The teacher asked us ________ we had read The Little Prince. A．that B．whether C．what D．which 26．— I don’t know ________ I should accept his advice or not.                          — You’d better think it over carefully. A．if B．whether C．unless D．since 27．She asked me ________ I had finished the report, but I didn’t have time to answer. A．what B．if C．that D．who 28．My mother asked me ________ I had finished my homework. A．that B．if C．what D．who 29．I don’t know ________ we will have more natural disasters. A．what B．whether C．which D．who 30．We discussed ________ we should visit the museum or the park. A．that B．if C．whether D．what 一、完成句子 1．I know that. He is good at kung fu.（合并为宾语从句） I know ________ ________ ________ good at kung fu. 2．“Will you come to my birthday party?” Mary asked me. (改为宾语从句) Mary asked me ________ I ________ go to her birthday party. 3．“I like reading novels.” She says.（合并宾语从句） She says ________ ________ ________ reading novels. 4．Li Ming asked me, “Do you finish your homework?”（改为同义句） Li Ming asked me ________ I ________ my homework. 5．There will be a parents’ meeting in two days. Jack didn’t know. (同义句转换) Jack didn’t know ________ there ________ be a parents’ meeting in two days. 6．我听说那里将要有一个关于丝绸之路的展览。   I heard ________ there ________ going to be a show about the Silk Road. 7．她经常提醒我应该把书还给图书馆。 She often ________ me ________ I should return the book to the library. 8．我不确定是否能按时完成作业。 I’m not ________ ________ I can finish the homework on time. 9．我不知道他是否会来参加我的生日聚会。 I don’t know ________ or not ________ ________ come to my birthday party. 10．我想知道她是否熟悉这位作家。 I wonder ________ she ________ ________ ________ this writer. 一、语法选择 Li Ming, a middle school student, often felt nervous about everything. His teacher, Mr. Wang, shared a simple idea with him: Our minds have weather too. Li Ming felt very 1 at his words. Then Mr. Wang gave him a task: During the break just sit on the bench (长椅) at school for ten minutes in the morning, and look at 2 sky instead of sitting in the classroom. On the first day, he felt silly. But on the second day, he began 3 the colors of the tree leaves in the morning light. By the fifth day, when the sunlight went 4 the leaves and landed on his hand, he suddenly felt a sense of calm—mornings 5 be peaceful and beautiful. Then Li Ming 6 the second task: After dinner each night, draw a happy, sad or natural face in a notebook 7 write down the sentence: Today’s weather is... because ... 8 , he noticed his “weather” was always sunnier after a PE lesson, but if he watched short videos for over one hour at night, the next day would be “cloudy”. Li Ming told Mr. Wang 9 he discovered two secrets: First, taking good care of our minds is like taking good care of a plant. Just give 10 a little sunlight every day. Second, when we accept that we’ll have “cloudy days” too, we end up having more “sunny days”. 1．A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising 2．A．a B．an C．the 3．A．notice B．to notice C．noticing 4．A．over B．across C．through 5．A．could B．must C．need 6．A．gave B．is given C．was given 7．A．or B．and C．but 8．A．Slow B．Slowly C．Slowness 9．A．that B．how C．what 10．A．it B．its C．itself 二、完形填空 Have you ever seen a group of wild geese (大雁) flying south for the winter? On an autumn day, my mother and I took a walk by the lake. As we looked at the 1 , a group of wild geese suddenly appeared. They were going south for the winter in the 2 of a “V”. I was caught by the surprising sight (风景)． My mother 3 the animal migration (迁徙) to me. One of the most surprising examples is the gray whales. They have the 4 yearly trip. It covers almost 20，000 kilometres. These whales 5 landmarks (地标) near the sea to move to the north or south. When migrating south in winter, they keep the beach on their left. When migrating north in spring, they keep the coast (海岸) on their right. What’s more, my mother explained that the migration of bird 6 the Earth’s magnetic field (磁场). These birds know how to use the magnetic field to 7 when the sun or stars are covered by clouds. Learning about animal migration makes me realise how 8 the natural world is. It also makes me understand the importance of learning and exploring the world around 9 . We should never stop exploring, 10 there is always something new to discover. The natural world is full of wonders, and we should do our best to enjoy and protect it. 1．A．lake B．forest C．sky D．river 2．A．skill B．shape C．conversation D．role 3．A．described B．suggested C．compared D．donated 4．A．darkest B．easiest C．longest D．busiest 5．A．like B．use C．protect D．break 6．A．depends on B．feeds on C．works on D．lives on 7．A．hide B．wait C．sleep D．move 8．A．warm B．serious C．peaceful D．magical 9．A．you B．her C．us D．them 10．A．because B．if C．until D．though 三、选词填空 四、短文填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 nature, wonder, discover, happy, friend, important, explore, love, peaceful, smart, warm, joy We all know that 1 is our greatest treasure. I have a good 2 named Lily who shares my love for exploring the outdoors. Every weekend, we go to the nearby park to 3 the beauty of nature. Last week, we 4 a small pond full of colorful fish. We sat by it and felt 5 and relaxed. Lily said, “It’s 6 to spend time in nature. It makes us forget our worries and feel 7 .” We both believe that we should 8 and protect nature. Every living thing in nature is a 9 , and we can learn so much from it. Exploring nature brings us great 10 every day. 四、任务型阅读 As we all know, Yuan Longping is famous as the father of hybrid rice (杂交水稻之父). He was born on September 7, 1930 in Chongqing, and died in Changsha on May 22, 2021. In November, 2020, he and his team set a new record. They grew a new kind of hybrid rice called “Sanyou No. 1”. Its yield (产量) can reach 1,500 kg per mu. That means a 1-mu field (田地) can feed (喂养) five people! When he was young, he saw lots of Chinese people starving (挨饿). He has tried hard to make sure everyone has enough to eat. To get closer to this goal (目标), he grew hybrid rice. Hybrid rice is very important for China. About one-fifth of the world’s people live in China. But China only has less than 9 percent of the world’s land. So the rice grown in China has to have a big yield. It has to have more grains (稻粒) in each plant. Its grains have to be bigger. It has to be strong so that we can grow it in deserts (沙漠), mountains, and snowy villages. Hybrid rice can take in water and nutrition (营养) from the ground better than other rice. It can take in sunlight better as well. All of these things help it grow bigger and taller. Its annual yield (年产量) is about 20 percent higher than that of other rice. “I had a dream. In my dream, rice plants grow as tall as sorghum (高粱), each ear of rice (稻穗) is as big as a broom (扫把), and each grain of rice is as huge as a peanut (花生).” Yuan once said. Isn’t that wonderful? Maybe the scientist’s dream will come true someday. 1．What is Yuan Longping famous as? ____________________________________________ 2．When and where did Yuan Longping die? ____________________________________________ 3．Did he and his team set a new record in November, 2020? ____________________________________________ 4．How much is hybrid rice’s annual yield (年产量) higher than that of other rice? ____________________________________________ 5．What do you think of Yuan Longping? ____________________________________________ 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $