Unit 5 First Aid（知识清单）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 5 First Aid 单词 1. technique n. 技能；技术；技艺 2. leaflet n. 传单；小册子 3. organ n. 器官 4. radiation n. 辐射；放射线 5. minor adj. 次要的；轻微的；较小的 6. layer n. 层；层次 7. victim n. 受害者；患者 8. swollen adj. 肿胀的；肿起的 9. nerve n. 神经 10. fabric n. 织物；布料；社会结构 11. loose adj. 松的；宽松的；未系紧的 12. urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的 13. ease vt. 减轻；缓解；宽慰 n. 舒适；自在 14. swallow vt. 吞下；咽下 15. wrap vt. 包；裹；围住 16. slip vi. 滑倒；溜走 n. 小失误；纸条 17. elderly adj. 上了年纪的；年长的 18. operator n. 接线员；操作员 19. ambulance n. 救护车 20. delay v. 推迟；耽搁 n. 延误 21. needle n. 针；注射针；指针 22. ward n. 病房 23. drown v. 淹死；淹没；沉浸 24. sprain vt. 扭伤 n. 扭伤 25. bleed v. 流血；失血 26. panic v. （使）惊慌 n. 恐慌 27. interrupt vt. 打断；打扰；中断 28. scream v. 尖叫 n. 尖叫声 29. choke v. 窒息；哽咽；堵塞 30. throat n. 喉咙；咽喉 31. desperate adj. 绝望的；迫切的 32. practical adj. 实用的；实际的；可行的 33. obstruction n. 阻碍；阻塞物 34. fist n. 拳头 35. grab vt. 抓住；攫取 36. justify vt. 证明合理；为……辩护 37. welfare n. 福利；福祉；安康 38. collapse vi. 倒塌；昏倒；崩溃 39. manual adj. 手工的；体力的 n. 手册 40. membership n. 会员身份；会员人数 短语 1．sense of touch触觉 2．electric shock触电；电击 3．help sb.to one’s feet帮助某人站起身来 4．vital sign生命体征 5．face up/down面朝上(朝下) 6．sleep in迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉 7．out of shape健康状况不好 8．mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing口对口人工呼吸 熟词生义 1. ray：熟义 射线；生义 一丝；一线（希望） 2. ease：熟义 容易、舒适；生义 减轻；缓解；宽慰 3. slip：熟义 滑倒；生义 小错误；便条 4. operator：熟义 操作员；生义 电话接线员 5. drown：熟义 淹死；生义 淹没；使沉浸 6. practical：熟义 实际的；生义 切实可行的；实用的 7. motion：熟义 运动；生义 手势；动作 8. tight：熟义 紧绷的；生义 紧紧地；牢固地 句型 1. 句型公式: as 引导非限制性定语从句 As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.   可想而知, 烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。 2. 句型公式: 过去分词(短语)作后置定语 Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.   例如轻微的晒伤和其他居家小意外造成的灼伤。 3. 句型公式: if虚拟条件句 If the car hadn’t been in an accident, that would be a good price, but it has a few minor problems.   如果这辆车没有出现过事故, 那它能卖一个好价钱, 但是它有一些小问题。 语法 现在分词 一、词汇清单 知识点1 minor adj. 次要的；轻微的 【拓展】 (1) minority n. 少数；少数民族 be in the minority 占少数 (2) minor injuries 轻伤 minor problems 小问题 【写作佳句】 Don’t worry about the minor mistakes in your composition; what matters is your creative idea. 别担心作文里的小错误，重要的是你的创意。 【经典练】 ① The patient only suffered ______ (minority) injuries in the accident. ② In this school, students from ethnic ______ (minor) make up 15% of the total. 【答案】1. minor 2. minorities 知识点2 ease n. 安逸；轻松；舒适 vt. 减轻；缓解 【拓展】 (1) with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地 (2) at ease 舒适；自在；不拘束 (3) ease sb.’s mind 让某人安心 (4) easy adj. 容易的；安逸的 【写作佳句】 She passed the final exam with ease, thanks to her careful review. 由于复习充分，她轻松通过了期末考试。 【经典练】 ① The news that her son was safe put her mind ______ ease. ② The medicine helped ______ (ease) his headache quickly. 【答案】1. at 2. (to) ease 知识点3 operator n. 操作员；接线员；经营者 【拓展】 (1) operate vi. & vt. 运转；操作；动手术 operate on sb. 给某人动手术 (2) operation n. 手术；操作；经营 carry out an operation 实施手术 (3) operational adj. 运转的；可使用的 【写作佳句】 The telephone operator told me how to connect to the right number. 电话接线员告诉我如何接通正确的号码。 【经典练】 ① The doctor will ______ (operation) on the patient tomorrow morning. ② The company is the largest mobile phone ______ (operate) in this area. 【答案】1. operate 2. operator 知识点4 delay vt. & vi. 延迟；延期；耽搁 n. 延误；耽搁 【拓展】 (1) delay doing sth. 推迟做某事 (2) without delay 立即；毫不耽搁地 (3) delayed adj. 延迟的；延误的 【写作佳句】 We had to delay the sports meeting because of the heavy rain. 因为大雨，我们不得不推迟运动会。 【经典练】 ① He delayed ______ (write) the letter until the last day. ② The flight was cancelled due to a two-hour ______ (delay). 【答案】1. writing 2. delay 知识点5 interrupt vt. & vi. 打断；打扰；中断 【拓展】 (1) interrupt sb. (in sth.) 打断某人（做某事） (2) interruption n. 打扰；中断；障碍物 without interruption 不间断地 (3) interrupted adj. 被打断的；中断的 【写作佳句】 It is impolite to interrupt others when they are speaking. 别人说话时打断他们是不礼貌的。 【经典练】 ① The meeting went on for three hours without any ______ (interrupt). ② Please don’t ______ (interruption) me while I am talking. 【答案】1. interruption 2. interrupt 知识点6 particular adj. 特定的；特别的；挑剔的 【拓展】 (1) in particular 尤其；特别 (2) be particular about/over 对……挑剔/讲究 (3) particularly adv. 尤其；特别 【写作佳句】 I like all subjects, but I enjoy English in particular. 我喜欢所有科目，尤其喜欢英语。 【经典练】 ① She is very particular ______ what she eats. ② I am particularly ______ (interest) in this history project. 【答案】1. about/over 2. interested 知识点7 practical adj. 实际的；实用的；实践的 【拓展】 (1) practice n. 实践；练习 put sth. into practice 把……付诸实践 (2) practically adv. 几乎；实际上；实用地 (3) impractical adj. 不切实际的；不实用的 【写作佳句】 We should learn some practical skills that can help us in daily life. 我们应该学习一些能在日常生活中帮到我们的实用技能。 【经典练】 ① The plan sounds good, but it is not ______ (practice) at all. ② It is ______ (practical) impossible to finish the work in one day. 【答案】1. practical 2. practically 知识点8 justify vt. 证明……正确/合理；为……辩护 【拓展】 (1) justify doing sth. 证明做某事是合理的 (2) justification n. 正当理由；辩解 (3) justifiable adj. 有正当理由的；合理的 【写作佳句】 The high cost of the project is not justified by its small benefits. 这个项目的高成本与其微薄的收益不相称。 【经典练】 ① He tried to justify ______ (break) the rules by saying he was in a hurry. ② There is no ______ (justify) for his rude behaviour. 【答案】1. breaking 2. justification 知识点9 panic n. 恐慌；惊慌 vt. & vi. (panicked, panicking) (使)惊慌 【拓展】 (1) in a panic 惊慌地；陷入恐慌 (2) panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人惊慌失措地做某事 (3) panicked adj. 惊慌的；恐慌的 【写作佳句】 The crowd began to panic when the fire alarm went off. 火警响起时，人群开始恐慌起来。 【经典练】 ① She got into ______ panic when she realized she had lost her keys. ② Don’t panic ______ me into making a quick decision. 【答案】1. a 2. into 知识点10 desperate adj. 绝望的；孤注一掷的；渴望的 【拓展】 (1) be desperate for sth. 渴望某物 (2) be desperate to do sth. 迫切想做某事 (3) desperation n. 绝望；拼命 in desperation 绝望地；不顾一切地 (4) desperately adv. 绝望地；极度地 【写作佳句】 The team was desperate to win the game, but they lost in the end. 这支队伍迫切想赢得比赛，但最终还是输了。 【经典练】 ① She is desperate ______ a chance to prove her ability. ② In ______ (desperate), he decided to leave home without telling anyone. 【答案】1. for 2. desperation 二、语法清单 现在分词 1. 作定语 现在分词作定语时，相当于一个形容词，用来修饰名词，放在名词的前面或后面。 单个现在分词：通常放在被修饰名词 之前。 a sleeping baby （一个正在睡觉的婴儿） a boring movie （一部无聊的电影） falling leaves （正在飘落的叶子） The story has a satisfying ending. （这个故事有一个令人满意的结局。） 现在分词短语：必须放在被修饰名词 之后，相当于一个省略的定语从句。 The man standing over there is my uncle. = The man who is standing over there is my uncle. （站在那边的那个男人是我的叔叔。） Do you know the boy playing basketball? = Do you know the boy who is playing basketball? （你认识那个正在打篮球的男孩吗？） 2. 作表语 (1)doing作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。(此时doing 名词意义较强，doing/being done作表语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) My hobby is reading books. 我的兴趣爱好是读书。 (2)如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式则形容词意义较强，表示“令人……的”，往往物作主语。如：amazing，boring，confusing，disappointing，exciting，frightening 等等。 The news is surprising. 这则消息令人吃惊。 3. 作宾语补足语 现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，结构为vt.＋sb./sth.＋doing...。可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有：“一感一抓一发现，二听四让和五看”(feel，catch，find，listen to/hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/look at/observe/notice) When I left school，I saw them playing basketball on the playground. 当我离开学校时，我看到他们在操场上打篮球。 4. 作状语（这是高中阶段的重点和难点） 现在分词（短语）作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随情况。其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，且与主语是 主动关系。 a) 表示时间 (相当于 when 引导的从句) Walking in the park, I met an old friend. = When I was walking in the park, I met an old friend. （在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友。） Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. （听到这个消息，他高兴得跳了起来。） b) 表示原因 (相当于 as/since/because 引导的从句) Being ill, he didn't go to school. = Because he was ill, he didn't go to school. （因为生病了，他没有去上学。） Not knowing her address, I couldn't visit her. （因为不知道她的地址，我没法去拜访她。） c) 表示条件 (相当于 if 引导的从句) Working hard, you will succeed. = If you work hard, you will succeed. （如果努力工作，你就会成功。） d) 表示结果（通常放在句末，前面可加 thus） The fire lasted a week, causing great damage. （大火持续了一周，造成了巨大的损失。） He fell off his bike, breaking his leg. （他从自行车上摔下来，摔断了腿。） e) 表示方式或伴随情况（表示与谓语动词同时发生的另一个动作） They stood there for an hour, watching the game. （他们在那里站了一个小时，观看比赛。） She sat by the window, reading a novel. （她坐在窗边，读着一本小说。） 5. 作主语 1. 直接置于句首，谓语动词用单数形式，表达抽象动作。 例句：Learning to cooperate with others is an important skill we need to master in modern society. 2. 形式主语it结构（高考固定句型） It + be + 名词/形容词/固定搭配 + doing sth 例句： 0. It is no use complaining about your problems without taking action. 0. It is worthwhile spending much time reading meaningful books. 单句语法填空 1. ________(realize) the importance of regular exercise, more and more teenagers choose to take outdoor sports in their spare time. 2. The young lady ________(work) in the local library is patient and warm-hearted to every reader. 3. ________(not know) how to deal with the difficult situation, the student turned to his teacher for useful advice. 4. We can see many modern buildings ________(build) in the newly developed area of the city right now. 5. The professor stood by the platform, ________(introduce) the history and culture of the ancient city to the visitors. 6. ________(devote) too much time to social media may greatly affect students’ academic performance. 7. Some tourists walked slowly along the lake, ________(enjoy) the fresh air and peaceful scenery around them. 8. The headmaster noticed several students ________(discuss) the coming sports meeting loudly in the hallway. 9. ________(stay) in this coastal city for nearly twenty years, he is quite familiar with its customs and lifestyle. 10. The boy remained seated in his seat, ________(consider) whether he should take part in the English competition. 参考答案 1. Realizing　2.working　3.Not knowing　4.being built　5.introducing　6.Devoting　7.enjoying　8.discussing　9.Having stayed　10.considering 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 叙事性记叙文 本单元的写作任务是写一篇叙事类记叙文。该类作文以叙述事件为主，要通过完整的故事情节和生动形象的语言，使读者在享受故事情节的同时有所感悟。写作时要注意把记叙文的六要素：时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果等交代清楚。 [基本框架] 1．开头——交代清楚事件的背景。 2．主体——主要叙述事件的发生、经过及结果。 3．结尾——呼应标题，发表感想、愿望等。 注意事项： 1．标题：如有标题，标题一定要明确，能点明事件或主题。 2．人称：通常用第一人称和第三人称。 3．时态：在叙事过程中，一般用过去时态。在描写背景或某景象时，常用过去进行时，这样显得更加生动形象。 [常用词块] 1．without delay/hesitation毫不迟疑/毫不犹豫 2．learn a lot from it从中学到很多东西 3．give us a warm welcome热烈欢迎我们 4．have a good time with us和我们玩得开心 5．participate more actively in helping those in need更积极地参与帮助那些有需要的人 6．rush him to the hospital赶紧送他就医 7．a basic knowledge of first aid基本的急救知识 8．in the case of emergency在紧急情况下 9．benefit a great deal from从……中受益 10．cause severe injuries to his feet使他的脚受重伤 [常用语句] 1．That's really an unforgettable experience. 那真是一次难忘的经历。 2．After a while，many people came to help us. 过了一会儿，许多人来帮助我们。 3．Every time I thought of it，I was full of energy. 每当我想到这件事，我就充满了活力。 4．Although it happened three years ago，I never forgot the evening party. 虽然那是三年前的事了，但我从未忘记那个晚会。 5．Hardly had he heard someone calling for help when he jumped into the river without hesitation. 他刚听到有人喊救命，就毫不犹豫地跳进了河里。 6．Before the ambulance came，the lady who proved to be a nurse later performed first aid to the kid. 在救护车到来之前，那位后来被证明是护士的女士对孩子进行了急救。 7．The story is a good example in which first aid makes a big difference. 这个故事是一个很好的例子，说明急救可以起到很大的作用。 8．From it，we know it is necessary to know basic first aid skills so that we can be better prepared for an emergency. 从这件事中，我们知道了解基本的急救技能是必要的，以便我们可以更好地为紧急情况做好准备。 生活中常有意外事故发生。假设你和你班同学李明从锅炉房打完开水，在回寝室的路上，李明的热水瓶突然破裂，开水烫伤了他的脚。于是你对此实施了必要的急救。请你结合此事，用英语写一篇80词左右的短文，向学校英文报Teens投稿，主要内容包括： 1．描述事故发生的经过； 2．你是如何实施急救的(冷水冲洗、送医院做进一步的处理)； 3．简要谈谈你对掌握一定急救知识的重要性的认识。 参考词汇：锅炉房boiler house 热水瓶 thermos bottle Accidents always happen suddenly. [参考范文] Accidents always happen suddenly.One day，Li Ming and I were on our way back after fetching some boiling water from the boiler house when Li Ming's thermos bottle burst and the boiling water caused severe injuries to his feet.The burn was so severe that the skin was red and swollen. Immediately，I carried him to the water tap nearby and put his feet under the cold running water until the pain lessened.Afterwards，I called a taxi and rushed him to the hospital where he received a further treatment. Only then was I aware what a difference a basic knowledge of first aid can make，especially in such a case. 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 First Aid 单词 1. 技能；技术；技艺 _______________ 2. 传单；小册子 _______________ 3. 器官 _______________ 4. 辐射；放射线 _______________ 5. 次要的；轻微的；较小的 _______________ 6. 层；层次 _______________ 7. 受害者；患者 _______________ 8. 肿胀的；肿起的 _______________ 9. 神经 _______________ 10. 织物；布料；社会结构 _______________ 11. 松的；宽松的；未系紧的 _______________ 12. 紧急的；急迫的 _______________ 13. 减轻；缓解；宽慰；舒适；自在 ____________ 14. 吞下；咽下 _______________ 15. 包；裹；围住 _______________ 16. 滑倒；溜走；小失误；纸条 _______________ 17. 上了年纪的；年长的 _______________ 18. 接线员；操作员 _______________ 19. 救护车 _______________ 20. 推迟；耽搁；延误 _______________ 21. 针；注射针；指针 _______________ 22. 病房 _______________ 23. 淹死；淹没；沉浸 _______________ 24. 扭伤；扭伤关节 _______________ 25. 流血；失血 _______________ 26. （使）惊慌；恐慌 _______________ 27. 打断；打扰；中断 _______________ 28. 尖叫；尖叫声 _______________ 29. 窒息；哽咽；堵塞 _______________ 30. 喉咙；咽喉 _______________ 31. 绝望的；迫切的 _______________ 32. 实用的；实际的；可行的 _______________ 33. 阻碍；阻塞物 _______________ 34. 拳头 _______________ 35. 抓住；攫取 _______________ 36. 证明合理；为……辩护 _______________ 37. 福利；福祉；安康 _______________ 38. 倒塌；昏倒；崩溃 _______________ 39. 手工的；体力的；手册 _______________ 40. 会员身份；会员人数 _______________ 短语 1．sense of touch 2．electric shock 3．help sb.to one’s fee 4．vital sign 5．face up/down 6．sleep in 7．out of shape 8．mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing 熟词生义 1. 熟义：小船；生义：手艺；工艺；技艺 _______________ 2. 熟义：跳跃；生义：准备前往（某地）；一定会 _______________ 3. 熟义：字面上；生义：（用以加强语气）真正地；简直 _______________ 4. 熟义：前进；生义：继续做；接着做 _______________ 5. 熟义：烤面包片；生义：干杯；为……干杯 _______________ 句型 1. 句型公式: as 引导非限制性定语从句 ________________, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.   可想而知, 烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。 2. 句型公式: 过去分词(短语)作后置定语 Examples include mild sunburn and burns ________________.   例如轻微的晒伤和其他居家小意外造成的灼伤。 3. 句型公式: if虚拟条件句 ________________, that would be a good price, but it has a few minor problems.   如果这辆车没有出现过事故, 那它能卖一个好价钱, 但是它有一些小问题。 语法 现在分词 一、词汇清单 知识点1 minor adj. 次要的；轻微的 【拓展】 (1) minority n. 少数；少数民族 be in the minority 占少数 (2) minor injuries 轻伤 minor problems 小问题 【写作佳句】 Don’t worry about the minor mistakes in your composition; what matters is your creative idea. 别担心作文里的小错误，重要的是你的创意。 【经典练】 ① The patient only suffered ______ (minority) injuries in the accident. ② In this school, students from ethnic ______ (minor) make up 15% of the total. 知识点2 ease n. 安逸；轻松；舒适 vt. 减轻；缓解 【拓展】 (1) with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地 (2) at ease 舒适；自在；不拘束 (3) ease sb.’s mind 让某人安心 (4) easy adj. 容易的；安逸的 【写作佳句】 She passed the final exam with ease, thanks to her careful review. 由于复习充分，她轻松通过了期末考试。 【经典练】 ① The news that her son was safe put her mind ______ ease. ② The medicine helped ______ (ease) his headache quickly. 知识点3 operator n. 操作员；接线员；经营者 【拓展】 (1) operate vi. & vt. 运转；操作；动手术 operate on sb. 给某人动手术 (2) operation n. 手术；操作；经营 carry out an operation 实施手术 (3) operational adj. 运转的；可使用的 【写作佳句】 The telephone operator told me how to connect to the right number. 电话接线员告诉我如何接通正确的号码。 【经典练】 ① The doctor will ______ (operation) on the patient tomorrow morning. ② The company is the largest mobile phone ______ (operate) in this area. 知识点4 delay vt. & vi. 延迟；延期；耽搁 n. 延误；耽搁 【拓展】 (1) delay doing sth. 推迟做某事 (2) without delay 立即；毫不耽搁地 (3) delayed adj. 延迟的；延误的 【写作佳句】 We had to delay the sports meeting because of the heavy rain. 因为大雨，我们不得不推迟运动会。 【经典练】 ① He delayed ______ (write) the letter until the last day. ② The flight was cancelled due to a two-hour ______ (delay). 知识点5 interrupt vt. & vi. 打断；打扰；中断 【拓展】 (1) interrupt sb. (in sth.) 打断某人（做某事） (2) interruption n. 打扰；中断；障碍物 without interruption 不间断地 (3) interrupted adj. 被打断的；中断的 【写作佳句】 It is impolite to interrupt others when they are speaking. 别人说话时打断他们是不礼貌的。 【经典练】 ① The meeting went on for three hours without any ______ (interrupt). ② Please don’t ______ (interruption) me while I am talking. 知识点6 particular adj. 特定的；特别的；挑剔的 【拓展】 (1) in particular 尤其；特别 (2) be particular about/over 对……挑剔/讲究 (3) particularly adv. 尤其；特别 【写作佳句】 I like all subjects, but I enjoy English in particular. 我喜欢所有科目，尤其喜欢英语。 【经典练】 ① She is very particular ______ what she eats. ② I am particularly ______ (interest) in this history project. 知识点7 practical adj. 实际的；实用的；实践的 【拓展】 (1) practice n. 实践；练习 put sth. into practice 把……付诸实践 (2) practically adv. 几乎；实际上；实用地 (3) impractical adj. 不切实际的；不实用的 【写作佳句】 We should learn some practical skills that can help us in daily life. 我们应该学习一些能在日常生活中帮到我们的实用技能。 【经典练】 ① The plan sounds good, but it is not ______ (practice) at all. ② It is ______ (practical) impossible to finish the work in one day. 知识点8 justify vt. 证明……正确/合理；为……辩护 【拓展】 (1) justify doing sth. 证明做某事是合理的 (2) justification n. 正当理由；辩解 (3) justifiable adj. 有正当理由的；合理的 【写作佳句】 The high cost of the project is not justified by its small benefits. 这个项目的高成本与其微薄的收益不相称。 【经典练】 ① He tried to justify ______ (break) the rules by saying he was in a hurry. ② There is no ______ (justify) for his rude behaviour. 知识点9 panic n. 恐慌；惊慌 vt. & vi. (panicked, panicking) (使)惊慌 【拓展】 (1) in a panic 惊慌地；陷入恐慌 (2) panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人惊慌失措地做某事 (3) panicked adj. 惊慌的；恐慌的 【写作佳句】 The crowd began to panic when the fire alarm went off. 火警响起时，人群开始恐慌起来。 【经典练】 ① She got into ______ panic when she realized she had lost her keys. ② Don’t panic ______ me into making a quick decision. 知识点10 desperate adj. 绝望的；孤注一掷的；渴望的 【拓展】 (1) be desperate for sth. 渴望某物 (2) be desperate to do sth. 迫切想做某事 (3) desperation n. 绝望；拼命 in desperation 绝望地；不顾一切地 (4) desperately adv. 绝望地；极度地 【写作佳句】 The team was desperate to win the game, but they lost in the end. 这支队伍迫切想赢得比赛，但最终还是输了。 【经典练】 ① She is desperate ______ a chance to prove her ability. ② In ______ (desperate), he decided to leave home without telling anyone. 二、语法清单 现在分词 1. 作定语 现在分词作定语时，相当于一个形容词，用来修饰名词，放在名词的前面或后面。 单个现在分词：通常放在被修饰名词 之前。 a sleeping baby （一个正在睡觉的婴儿） a boring movie （一部无聊的电影） falling leaves （正在飘落的叶子） The story has a satisfying ending. （这个故事有一个令人满意的结局。） 现在分词短语：必须放在被修饰名词 之后，相当于一个省略的定语从句。 The man standing over there is my uncle. = The man who is standing over there is my uncle. （站在那边的那个男人是我的叔叔。） Do you know the boy playing basketball? = Do you know the boy who is playing basketball? （你认识那个正在打篮球的男孩吗？） 2. 作表语 (1)doing作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。(此时doing 名词意义较强，doing/being done作表语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) My hobby is reading books. 我的兴趣爱好是读书。 (2)如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式则形容词意义较强，表示“令人……的”，往往物作主语。如：amazing，boring，confusing，disappointing，exciting，frightening 等等。 The news is surprising. 这则消息令人吃惊。 3. 作宾语补足语 现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，结构为vt.＋sb./sth.＋doing...。可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有：“一感一抓一发现，二听四让和五看”(feel，catch，find，listen to/hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/look at/observe/notice) When I left school，I saw them playing basketball on the playground. 当我离开学校时，我看到他们在操场上打篮球。 4. 作状语（这是高中阶段的重点和难点） 现在分词（短语）作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随情况。其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，且与主语是 主动关系。 a) 表示时间 (相当于 when 引导的从句) Walking in the park, I met an old friend. = When I was walking in the park, I met an old friend. （在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友。） Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. （听到这个消息，他高兴得跳了起来。） b) 表示原因 (相当于 as/since/because 引导的从句) Being ill, he didn't go to school. = Because he was ill, he didn't go to school. （因为生病了，他没有去上学。） Not knowing her address, I couldn't visit her. （因为不知道她的地址，我没法去拜访她。） c) 表示条件 (相当于 if 引导的从句) Working hard, you will succeed. = If you work hard, you will succeed. （如果努力工作，你就会成功。） d) 表示结果（通常放在句末，前面可加 thus） The fire lasted a week, causing great damage. （大火持续了一周，造成了巨大的损失。） He fell off his bike, breaking his leg. （他从自行车上摔下来，摔断了腿。） e) 表示方式或伴随情况（表示与谓语动词同时发生的另一个动作） They stood there for an hour, watching the game. （他们在那里站了一个小时，观看比赛。） She sat by the window, reading a novel. （她坐在窗边，读着一本小说。） 5. 作主语 1. 直接置于句首，谓语动词用单数形式，表达抽象动作。 例句：Learning to cooperate with others is an important skill we need to master in modern society. 2. 形式主语it结构（高考固定句型） It + be + 名词/形容词/固定搭配 + doing sth 例句： 0. It is no use complaining about your problems without taking action. 0. It is worthwhile spending much time reading meaningful books. 单句语法填空 1. ________(realize) the importance of regular exercise, more and more teenagers choose to take outdoor sports in their spare time. 2. The young lady ________(work) in the local library is patient and warm-hearted to every reader. 3. ________(not know) how to deal with the difficult situation, the student turned to his teacher for useful advice. 4. We can see many modern buildings ________(build) in the newly developed area of the city right now. 5. The professor stood by the platform, ________(introduce) the history and culture of the ancient city to the visitors. 6. ________(devote) too much time to social media may greatly affect students’ academic performance. 7. Some tourists walked slowly along the lake, ________(enjoy) the fresh air and peaceful scenery around them. 8. The headmaster noticed several students ________(discuss) the coming sports meeting loudly in the hallway. 9. ________(stay) in this coastal city for nearly twenty years, he is quite familiar with its customs and lifestyle. 10. The boy remained seated in his seat, ________(consider) whether he should take part in the English competition. 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 叙事性记叙文 本单元的写作任务是写一篇叙事类记叙文。该类作文以叙述事件为主，要通过完整的故事情节和生动形象的语言，使读者在享受故事情节的同时有所感悟。写作时要注意把记叙文的六要素：时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果等交代清楚。 [基本框架] 1．开头——交代清楚事件的背景。 2．主体——主要叙述事件的发生、经过及结果。 3．结尾——呼应标题，发表感想、愿望等。 注意事项： 1．标题：如有标题，标题一定要明确，能点明事件或主题。 2．人称：通常用第一人称和第三人称。 3．时态：在叙事过程中，一般用过去时态。在描写背景或某景象时，常用过去进行时，这样显得更加生动形象。 [常用词块] 1．without delay/hesitation毫不迟疑/毫不犹豫 2．learn a lot from it从中学到很多东西 3．give us a warm welcome热烈欢迎我们 4．have a good time with us和我们玩得开心 5．participate more actively in helping those in need更积极地参与帮助那些有需要的人 6．rush him to the hospital赶紧送他就医 7．a basic knowledge of first aid基本的急救知识 8．in the case of emergency在紧急情况下 9．benefit a great deal from从……中受益 10．cause severe injuries to his feet使他的脚受重伤 [常用语句] 1．That's really an unforgettable experience. 那真是一次难忘的经历。 2．After a while，many people came to help us. 过了一会儿，许多人来帮助我们。 3．Every time I thought of it，I was full of energy. 每当我想到这件事，我就充满了活力。 4．Although it happened three years ago，I never forgot the evening party. 虽然那是三年前的事了，但我从未忘记那个晚会。 5．Hardly had he heard someone calling for help when he jumped into the river without hesitation. 他刚听到有人喊救命，就毫不犹豫地跳进了河里。 6．Before the ambulance came，the lady who proved to be a nurse later performed first aid to the kid. 在救护车到来之前，那位后来被证明是护士的女士对孩子进行了急救。 7．The story is a good example in which first aid makes a big difference. 这个故事是一个很好的例子，说明急救可以起到很大的作用。 8．From it，we know it is necessary to know basic first aid skills so that we can be better prepared for an emergency. 从这件事中，我们知道了解基本的急救技能是必要的，以便我们可以更好地为紧急情况做好准备。 生活中常有意外事故发生。假设你和你班同学李明从锅炉房打完开水，在回寝室的路上，李明的热水瓶突然破裂，开水烫伤了他的脚。于是你对此实施了必要的急救。请你结合此事，用英语写一篇80词左右的短文，向学校英文报Teens投稿，主要内容包括： 1．描述事故发生的经过； 2．你是如何实施急救的(冷水冲洗、送医院做进一步的处理)； 3．简要谈谈你对掌握一定急救知识的重要性的认识。 参考词汇：锅炉房boiler house 热水瓶 thermos bottle Accidents always happen suddenly. 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $