Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land（知识清单）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land 单词 1. 航空公司 _______________ 2. 海或湖的湾 _______________ 3. 手艺；工艺；技艺 _______________ 4. 古物；古董；古老的；古董的 _____________ 5. 令人愉快的；友好的 _______________ 6. 起身；出现；由……引起 _______________ 7. 巨大的；非常严重的 _______________ 8. 字面上；真正地 _______________ 9. 呼吸的空气 _______________ 10. 准备前往（某地）；一定会 _______________ 11. 在……旁边；与……一起；在旁边 ________ 12. 行进；继续做 _______________ 13. 岸；滨 _______________ 14. 使十分惊讶；使吃惊 _______________ 15. 多雾的；模糊的 _______________ 16. 薄雾；水汽 _______________ 17. 钢；钢铁工业 _______________ 18. 黄昏；傍晚 _______________ 19. 广告；启事 _______________ 20. 口音 _______________ 21. 摄影师；拍照者 _______________ 22. 欠（账、债、情等）；把……归功于某人 _______________ 23. 烤面包片；吐司；干杯；为……干杯；烤（尤指面包） _______________ 短语 1．_______________令人惊叹 2．_______________一束；一串；一群；大量 3．_______________相反的；相对立的 4．_______________进而做(参加) 5．_______________欠(某人情)；把……归功于某人 熟词生义 1. 熟义：小船；生义：手艺；工艺；技艺 _______________ 2. 熟义：跳跃；生义：准备前往（某地）；一定会 _______________ 3. 熟义：字面上；生义：（用以加强语气）真正地；简直 _______________ 4. 熟义：前进；生义：继续做；接着做 _______________ 5. 熟义：烤面包片；生义：干杯；为……干杯 _______________ 句型 1. 句型公式: that 引导定语从句 Despite the weather, they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay, and later visit an island ________________.   尽管天气不好, 他们还是乘船去了海湾, 然后参观了一个小岛, 那里有卖工艺品和古董的商店。 2. 句型公式: 现在分词作状语 ________________, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken.   看着美丽的风景, 她们都认为这是她们所经历过的最好的一次旅行。 3. 句型公式: 过去分词作方式状语 ________________, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.   从火车窗户看去, 加拿大的山峦和森林显得雄伟壮观。 语法 1. 过去分词作表语 2. 过去分词作状语 一、词汇清单 知识点1 pleasant adj. 令人愉快的；友好的 【拓展】 (1) pleasantly adv. 愉快地；友好地 (2) pleasure n. 愉快；乐事 It’s a pleasure to do sth. 很高兴做某事 take pleasure in 乐于做某事 (3) unpleasant adj. 令人不快的；不友好的 【写作佳句】 We spent a pleasant afternoon walking along the lake, talking about our future plans. 我们沿着湖边散步，聊着未来的计划，度过了一个愉快的下午。 【经典练】 ① We were ______ (pleasant) surprised by the warm welcome from the local people. ② It is a great ______ (please) to be invited to your birthday party. 翻译句子 ③ The trip to the countryside was really pleasant. 知识点2 arise vi. 出现；产生；起身；由……引起 【拓展】 (1) arise from/out of 由……引起/产生 (2) 过去式：arose；过去分词：arisen 【写作佳句】 If any problems arise during the project, please feel free to contact me at any time. 如果项目期间出现任何问题，请随时联系我。 【经典练】 ① The conflict arose ______ a misunderstanding between the two sides. ② A strong wind ______ (arise) just as we were about to leave. 知识点3 massive adj. 巨大的；非常严重的 【拓展】 (1) massively adv. 巨大地；非常地 (2) a massive amount of 大量的（后接不可数名词） 【写作佳句】 The government has made a massive effort to improve the living conditions in rural areas. 政府已做出巨大努力来改善农村地区的生活条件。 【经典练】 ① The company suffered a ______ (mass) loss due to the economic crisis. ② There is a massive amount of work ______ (need) to be done before the deadline. 知识点4 breath n. 呼吸的空气；一口气 【拓展】 (1) hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 (2) take one’s breath away 令人惊叹 (3) out of breath 上气不接下气 (4) breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸；呼出/吸入 【写作佳句】 The beautiful view of the mountains really took my breath away when I first saw it. 当我第一次看到那片山景时，它的美真的让我惊叹不已。 【经典练】 ① We held our ______ (breathe) as the winner was announced. ② After running to the classroom, she was out of ______. 翻译句子 ③ He took a deep breath and jumped into the river. 知识点5 bound adj. 准备前往（某地）；一定会 【拓展】 (1) be bound to do sth. 一定会做某事；注定会做某事 (2) be bound for 前往……（某地） (3) boundary n. 边界；界限 【写作佳句】 With his hard work and talent, he is bound to succeed in his chosen career. 凭借他的努力和天赋，他一定会在自己选择的事业上取得成功。 【经典练】 ① The plane is bound ______ Paris, so we need to hurry to the airport. ② You are bound ______ (feel) nervous before an important exam. 知识点6 anticipate vt. 预料；预见；期望 【拓展】 (1) anticipate doing sth. 预料/期望做某事 (2) anticipation n. 预料；期望 in anticipation of 预料到……；为……做准备 【写作佳句】 We didn’t anticipate meeting so many difficulties in the process of carrying out the plan. 我们没想到在执行计划的过程中会遇到这么多困难。 【经典练】 ① We anticipate ______ (receive) your reply at your earliest convenience. ② She bought extra food in anticipation ______ more guests coming. 知识点7 contrary adj. 相反的；对立的 【拓展】 (1) on the contrary 恰恰相反 (2) contrary to 与……相反 (3) contrast n. 对比；对照；v. 对比；形成对照 【写作佳句】 Contrary to what many people believe, taking a short nap at noon can improve your study efficiency. 与很多人认为的相反，中午小睡一会儿可以提高学习效率。 【经典练】 ① Contrary ______ popular belief, the desert can be a beautiful place. ② He didn’t seem upset. ______ the contrary, he was quite cheerful. 知识点8 proceed vi. 行进；继续做 【拓展】 (1) proceed to do sth. 接着做某事 (2) proceed with sth. 继续做某事 (3) procedure n. 程序；步骤 【写作佳句】 After discussing the problem for an hour, we proceeded to make a final decision. 在讨论了一个小时之后，我们接着做出了最终决定。 【经典练】 ① Please proceed ______ your work while I am away. ② After the break, the meeting proceeded ______ (discuss) the next topic. 知识点9 astonish vt. 使十分惊讶；使吃惊 【拓展】 (1) astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的 (2) astonished adj. 感到惊讶的 be astonished at/by 对……感到惊讶 (3) astonishment n. 惊讶 to one’s astonishment 令某人惊讶的是 【写作佳句】 I was astonished to find that the little boy could speak three foreign languages fluently. 我惊讶地发现这个小男孩能流利地说三门外语。 【经典练】 ① The news that he won the prize was ______ (astonish) to all of us. ② To my ______ (astonish), he refused to accept our help. 翻译句子 ③ She looked astonished when she heard the result. 知识点10 owe vt. 欠（账、债、情等）；归功于 【拓展】 (1) owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物 (2) owe sth. to sb./sth. 把……归功于某人/某事 (3) owing to 由于；因为 【写作佳句】 I owe my success in the competition to my teacher’s constant encouragement and my own hard work. 我把比赛中的成功归功于老师的不断鼓励和自己的努力。 【经典练】 ① He owes his progress ______ the help of his classmates. ② I owe you an ______ (apologize) for being late this morning. 二、语法清单 过去分词作表语和状语 【精讲·语法知识】 1. 过去分词作表语 （1）基本结构：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态，此时过去分词大多已变成了形容词。 He looked worried after reading the letter.看完信后，他显得很忧虑。 When we heard of it，we were deeply moved.当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。 （2）过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较： The cup is broken.杯子破了。(系表结构) The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是汤姆打破的。(被动语态) （3）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。 常用的这类词有： 　 We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。 His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged.他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。 【经典练】　 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①We got a little __________ (sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind. ②While waiting for the opportunity to get __________ (promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty. ③The __________ look on her face suggested that she was __________ by the __________ scene.(frighten) ④The news was __________ and they were all __________ at it.(excite) ⑤The audience were all __________ to tears by the __________ film.(move) (2)补全句子 ⑥Why do you always __________?你为什么总是看上去很疲劳？ ⑦I __________ at the film I saw last night.I had expected it to be better.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能更好些。 2. 过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 （1）作时间状语 相当于时间状语从句，简化句子结构。 Seen from the top of the tower, the whole city looks more beautiful. 等同于 When it is seen from the top of the tower, the whole city looks more beautiful. （2）作原因状语 相当于原因状语从句，提升书面表达层次。 Deeply influenced by his parents, he shows great interest in literature. 等同于 Because he is deeply influenced by his parents, he shows great interest in literature. （3）作条件状语 相当于条件状语从句，常用于含蓄条件句。 Given more time and patience, we could finish the task better. 等同于 If we were given more time and patience, we could finish the task better. （4）作让步状语 相当于让步状语从句，简洁体现转折关系。 Beaten many times, the brave boy never gave up. 等同于 Though he was beaten many times, the brave boy never gave up. （5）作方式/伴随状语 描述主句动作的状态，是阅读与写作高频句式。 The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of students. 句中 followed 说明主语进教室时的伴随状态，主语与分词为被动关系。 【经典练】　 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①__________ (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star. ②Children，when __________ (accompany) by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium. ③When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，__________ (tell) me stories till I fell asleep. ④—Where is Jimmy? —Just now I saw him sitting under the tree，__________ (absorb) in his video games. 2. 同义句转换 ⑤When it is seen from the top of the hill，the town looks more beautiful. →______________________________，the town looks more beautiful. ⑥Because they were deeply moved by the film，the children began to cry. →______________________________，the children began to cry. ⑦If we were given more time，we could do it much better. →______________________________，we could do it much better. 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 有关旅行的电子邮件 电子邮件(electronic mail，常缩写为E­mail，e­mail或email)指通过互联网传递的邮件，即用户之间通过互联网发出或收到的信息，是目前互联网上应用最广泛的一种服务。 [基本框架] 电子邮件的正文部分通常由称呼、正文、结束语及署名四部分构成。 1．称呼。一般在收件人姓氏前加上Dear。 2．正文。正文是邮件的主体部分，是写信人要谈论或陈述的内容。正文内容要求简洁达意，层次分明。 3．结束语。常见的结束语有：I am looking forward to your reply/answer.With best regards.I wish you good luck/every success in...等。有时这部分也可省略。 4．署名。写在正文右下角的位置。 [常用词块] 1．all the way一路上 2．broaden a person's perspective开阔人的视野 3．come into contact with different cultures接触不同的文化 4．make your knowledge and experience rich丰富你的知识和经验 5．experience many new things体验许多新事物 6．be greatly impressed by its beautiful view它的美丽景色给我留下了深刻的印象 7．care about the environment爱护环境 8．have a bird's­eye view of the city鸟瞰这个城市 9．enjoy a pleasant journey旅途愉快 10．open to the public向公众开放 [常用语句] 1．常用的开头语 ①表示高兴 I am so glad/pleased/happy to receive your e­mail. 我很高兴收到你的电子邮件。 ②表示感谢 Thank you for your wonderful gift/interesting e­mail. 谢谢你的礼物/有趣的电子邮件。 ③表示关心与询问 How are you doing these days? 你最近怎么样？ How are you getting on these days? 你这几天过得怎么样？ How are you getting on with your work/study? 你的工作/学习进展如何？ ④表示抱歉 I am sorry that I did not write to you soon but I have been very busy these days. 很抱歉，我没有尽快给你写信，但我最近很忙。 ⑤表示遗憾 I am sorry to learn that you did not pass the examination. 听说你考试不及格，我很遗憾。 I am so upset to hear that you are ill these days.I do hope you are feeling better. 听说你这几天生病了，我很难过。我真希望你感觉好些。 2．常用的结束语 I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我期待着很快收到你的来信。 Please give your family my regards. 请代我问候你的家人。 Take good care of yourself and keep in touch. 照顾好自己，保持联系。 假如你是李华，你的朋友Tom 5月22日来信询问你毕业前的一次旅游经历。请你根据下面提示给他回一封80词左右的电子邮件。 1．由学生会组织。 2．一部分人愿意乘公交车；另一部分人喜欢步行；最后大家被说服骑自行车。 3．美丽的风景让人难以忘怀。 4．感受：这次旅游增进了友谊，提高了关心自然环境的意识。 注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom， How happy I am to receive your letter. Best wishes. Yours， Li Hua 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land 单词 1. airline n. 航空公司 2. bay n. 海或湖的湾 3. craft n. 手艺；工艺；技艺 4. antique n. 古物；古董 adj. 古老的；古董的 5. pleasant adj. 令人愉快的；友好的 6. arise vi. 起身；出现；由……引起 7. massive adj. 巨大的；非常严重的 8. literally adv. 字面上；真正地 9. breath n. 呼吸的空气 10. bound adj. 准备前往（某地）；一定会 11. alongside prep. 在……旁边；与……一起 adv. 在旁边 12. proceed vi. 行进；继续做 13. shore n. 岸；滨 14. astonish vt. 使十分惊讶；使吃惊 15. misty adj. 多雾的；模糊的 16. mist n. 薄雾；水汽 17. steel n. 钢；钢铁工业 18. dusk n. 黄昏；傍晚 19. advertisement n. 广告；启事 20. accent n. 口音 21. photographer n. 摄影师；拍照者 22. owe vt. 欠（账、债、情等）；把……归功于某人 23. toast n. 烤面包片；吐司；干杯 vt. 为……干杯；烤（尤指面包） 短语 1．take sb.’s breath away令人惊叹 2．a bunch of一束；一串；一群；大量 3．contrary to相反的；相对立的 4．proceed to sth.进而做(参加) 5．owe sth.to sb.欠(某人情)；把……归功于某人 熟词生义 1. craft：熟义 n. 小船；生义 n. 手艺；工艺；技艺 2. bound：熟义 v. 跳跃；生义 adj. 准备前往（某地）；一定会 3. literally：熟义 adv. 字面上；生义 adv. （用以加强语气）真正地；简直 4. proceed：熟义 v. 前进；生义 vi. 继续做；接着做 5. toast：熟义 n. 烤面包片；生义 n. 干杯 vt. 为……干杯 句型 1. 句型公式: that 引导定语从句 Despite the weather, they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay, and later visit an island that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques.   尽管天气不好, 他们还是乘船去了海湾, 然后参观了一个小岛, 那里有卖工艺品和古董的商店。 2. 句型公式: 现在分词作状语 Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken.   看着美丽的风景, 她们都认为这是她们所经历过的最好的一次旅行。 3. 句型公式: 过去分词作方式状语 Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.   从火车窗户看去, 加拿大的山峦和森林显得雄伟壮观。 语法 1. 过去分词作表语 2. 过去分词作状语 一、词汇清单 知识点1 pleasant adj. 令人愉快的；友好的 【拓展】 (1) pleasantly adv. 愉快地；友好地 (2) pleasure n. 愉快；乐事 It’s a pleasure to do sth. 很高兴做某事 take pleasure in 乐于做某事 (3) unpleasant adj. 令人不快的；不友好的 【写作佳句】 We spent a pleasant afternoon walking along the lake, talking about our future plans. 我们沿着湖边散步，聊着未来的计划，度过了一个愉快的下午。 【经典练】 ① We were ______ (pleasant) surprised by the warm welcome from the local people. ② It is a great ______ (please) to be invited to your birthday party. 翻译句子 ③ The trip to the countryside was really pleasant. 【答案】1. pleasantly 2. pleasure 3. 这次乡村之旅真的很愉快。 知识点2 arise vi. 出现；产生；起身；由……引起 【拓展】 (1) arise from/out of 由……引起/产生 (2) 过去式：arose；过去分词：arisen 【写作佳句】 If any problems arise during the project, please feel free to contact me at any time. 如果项目期间出现任何问题，请随时联系我。 【经典练】 ① The conflict arose ______ a misunderstanding between the two sides. ② A strong wind ______ (arise) just as we were about to leave. 【答案】1. from/out of 2. arose 知识点3 massive adj. 巨大的；非常严重的 【拓展】 (1) massively adv. 巨大地；非常地 (2) a massive amount of 大量的（后接不可数名词） 【写作佳句】 The government has made a massive effort to improve the living conditions in rural areas. 政府已做出巨大努力来改善农村地区的生活条件。 【经典练】 ① The company suffered a ______ (mass) loss due to the economic crisis. ② There is a massive amount of work ______ (need) to be done before the deadline. 【答案】1. massive 2. needing 知识点4 breath n. 呼吸的空气；一口气 【拓展】 (1) hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 (2) take one’s breath away 令人惊叹 (3) out of breath 上气不接下气 (4) breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸；呼出/吸入 【写作佳句】 The beautiful view of the mountains really took my breath away when I first saw it. 当我第一次看到那片山景时，它的美真的让我惊叹不已。 【经典练】 ① We held our ______ (breathe) as the winner was announced. ② After running to the classroom, she was out of ______. 翻译句子 ③ He took a deep breath and jumped into the river. 【答案】1. breath 2. breath 3. 他深吸一口气，跳进了河里。 知识点5 bound adj. 准备前往（某地）；一定会 【拓展】 (1) be bound to do sth. 一定会做某事；注定会做某事 (2) be bound for 前往……（某地） (3) boundary n. 边界；界限 【写作佳句】 With his hard work and talent, he is bound to succeed in his chosen career. 凭借他的努力和天赋，他一定会在自己选择的事业上取得成功。 【经典练】 ① The plane is bound ______ Paris, so we need to hurry to the airport. ② You are bound ______ (feel) nervous before an important exam. 【答案】1. for 2. to feel 知识点6 anticipate vt. 预料；预见；期望 【拓展】 (1) anticipate doing sth. 预料/期望做某事 (2) anticipation n. 预料；期望 in anticipation of 预料到……；为……做准备 【写作佳句】 We didn’t anticipate meeting so many difficulties in the process of carrying out the plan. 我们没想到在执行计划的过程中会遇到这么多困难。 【经典练】 ① We anticipate ______ (receive) your reply at your earliest convenience. ② She bought extra food in anticipation ______ more guests coming. 【答案】1. receiving 2. of 知识点7 contrary adj. 相反的；对立的 【拓展】 (1) on the contrary 恰恰相反 (2) contrary to 与……相反 (3) contrast n. 对比；对照；v. 对比；形成对照 【写作佳句】 Contrary to what many people believe, taking a short nap at noon can improve your study efficiency. 与很多人认为的相反，中午小睡一会儿可以提高学习效率。 【经典练】 ① Contrary ______ popular belief, the desert can be a beautiful place. ② He didn’t seem upset. ______ the contrary, he was quite cheerful. 【答案】1. to 2. On 知识点8 proceed vi. 行进；继续做 【拓展】 (1) proceed to do sth. 接着做某事 (2) proceed with sth. 继续做某事 (3) procedure n. 程序；步骤 【写作佳句】 After discussing the problem for an hour, we proceeded to make a final decision. 在讨论了一个小时之后，我们接着做出了最终决定。 【经典练】 ① Please proceed ______ your work while I am away. ② After the break, the meeting proceeded ______ (discuss) the next topic. 【答案】1. with 2. to discuss 知识点9 astonish vt. 使十分惊讶；使吃惊 【拓展】 (1) astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的 (2) astonished adj. 感到惊讶的 be astonished at/by 对……感到惊讶 (3) astonishment n. 惊讶 to one’s astonishment 令某人惊讶的是 【写作佳句】 I was astonished to find that the little boy could speak three foreign languages fluently. 我惊讶地发现这个小男孩能流利地说三门外语。 【经典练】 ① The news that he won the prize was ______ (astonish) to all of us. ② To my ______ (astonish), he refused to accept our help. 翻译句子 ③ She looked astonished when she heard the result. 【答案】1. astonishing 2. astonishment 3. 听到结果时，她看起来很惊讶。 知识点10 owe vt. 欠（账、债、情等）；归功于 【拓展】 (1) owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物 (2) owe sth. to sb./sth. 把……归功于某人/某事 (3) owing to 由于；因为 【写作佳句】 I owe my success in the competition to my teacher’s constant encouragement and my own hard work. 我把比赛中的成功归功于老师的不断鼓励和自己的努力。 【经典练】 ① He owes his progress ______ the help of his classmates. ② I owe you an ______ (apologize) for being late this morning. 【答案】1. to 2. apology 二、语法清单 过去分词作表语和状语 【精讲·语法知识】 1. 过去分词作表语 （1）基本结构：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态，此时过去分词大多已变成了形容词。 He looked worried after reading the letter.看完信后，他显得很忧虑。 When we heard of it，we were deeply moved.当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。 （2）过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较： The cup is broken.杯子破了。(系表结构) The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是汤姆打破的。(被动语态) （3）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。 常用的这类词有： 　 We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。 His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged.他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。 【经典练】　 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①We got a little sunburned，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind. ②While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. ③The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene.(frighten) ④The news was exciting and they were all excited at it.(excite) ⑤The audience were all moved to tears by the moving film.(move) (2)补全句子 ⑥Why do you always look tired?你为什么总是看上去很疲劳？ ⑦I was disappointed at the film I saw last night.I had expected it to be better.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能更好些。 2. 过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 （1）作时间状语 相当于时间状语从句，简化句子结构。 Seen from the top of the tower, the whole city looks more beautiful. 等同于 When it is seen from the top of the tower, the whole city looks more beautiful. （2）作原因状语 相当于原因状语从句，提升书面表达层次。 Deeply influenced by his parents, he shows great interest in literature. 等同于 Because he is deeply influenced by his parents, he shows great interest in literature. （3）作条件状语 相当于条件状语从句，常用于含蓄条件句。 Given more time and patience, we could finish the task better. 等同于 If we were given more time and patience, we could finish the task better. （4）作让步状语 相当于让步状语从句，简洁体现转折关系。 Beaten many times, the brave boy never gave up. 等同于 Though he was beaten many times, the brave boy never gave up. （5）作方式/伴随状语 描述主句动作的状态，是阅读与写作高频句式。 The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of students. 句中 followed 说明主语进教室时的伴随状态，主语与分词为被动关系。 【经典练】　 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①Raised (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star. ②Children，when accompanied (accompany) by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium. ③When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，telling (tell) me stories till I fell asleep. ④—Where is Jimmy? —Just now I saw him sitting under the tree，absorbed (absorb) in his video games. (2)同义句转换 ⑤When it is seen from the top of the hill，the town looks more beautiful. →Seen from the top of the hill，the town looks more beautiful. ⑥Because they were deeply moved by the film，the children began to cry. →Deeply moved by the film，the children began to cry. ⑦If we were given more time，we could do it much better. →Given more time，we could do it much better. 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 有关旅行的电子邮件 电子邮件(electronic mail，常缩写为E­mail，e­mail或email)指通过互联网传递的邮件，即用户之间通过互联网发出或收到的信息，是目前互联网上应用最广泛的一种服务。 [基本框架] 电子邮件的正文部分通常由称呼、正文、结束语及署名四部分构成。 1．称呼。一般在收件人姓氏前加上Dear。 2．正文。正文是邮件的主体部分，是写信人要谈论或陈述的内容。正文内容要求简洁达意，层次分明。 3．结束语。常见的结束语有：I am looking forward to your reply/answer.With best regards.I wish you good luck/every success in...等。有时这部分也可省略。 4．署名。写在正文右下角的位置。 [常用词块] 1．all the way一路上 2．broaden a person's perspective开阔人的视野 3．come into contact with different cultures接触不同的文化 4．make your knowledge and experience rich丰富你的知识和经验 5．experience many new things体验许多新事物 6．be greatly impressed by its beautiful view它的美丽景色给我留下了深刻的印象 7．care about the environment爱护环境 8．have a bird's­eye view of the city鸟瞰这个城市 9．enjoy a pleasant journey旅途愉快 10．open to the public向公众开放 [常用语句] 1．常用的开头语 ①表示高兴 I am so glad/pleased/happy to receive your e­mail. 我很高兴收到你的电子邮件。 ②表示感谢 Thank you for your wonderful gift/interesting e­mail. 谢谢你的礼物/有趣的电子邮件。 ③表示关心与询问 How are you doing these days? 你最近怎么样？ How are you getting on these days? 你这几天过得怎么样？ How are you getting on with your work/study? 你的工作/学习进展如何？ ④表示抱歉 I am sorry that I did not write to you soon but I have been very busy these days. 很抱歉，我没有尽快给你写信，但我最近很忙。 ⑤表示遗憾 I am sorry to learn that you did not pass the examination. 听说你考试不及格，我很遗憾。 I am so upset to hear that you are ill these days.I do hope you are feeling better. 听说你这几天生病了，我很难过。我真希望你感觉好些。 2．常用的结束语 I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我期待着很快收到你的来信。 Please give your family my regards. 请代我问候你的家人。 Take good care of yourself and keep in touch. 照顾好自己，保持联系。 假如你是李华，你的朋友Tom 5月22日来信询问你毕业前的一次旅游经历。请你根据下面提示给他回一封80词左右的电子邮件。 1．由学生会组织。 2．一部分人愿意乘公交车；另一部分人喜欢步行；最后大家被说服骑自行车。 3．美丽的风景让人难以忘怀。 4．感受：这次旅游增进了友谊，提高了关心自然环境的意识。 注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom， How happy I am to receive your letter. Best wishes. Yours， Li Hua [参考范文] Dear Tom, How happy I am to receive your letter.Now I will tell you something about the trip organized by our Students' Union.Some of us preferred to take a bus while others were fond of walking，and finally we were persuaded to cycle. When we got there，we were greatly impressed by its beautiful view.All kinds of butterflies were flying freely in the valley，the entire mountain was covered with beautiful flowers，and the air there was pleasant to breathe；as a result，we couldn't wait to walk into nature. Though we were tired，it was the trip that improved our friendship and raised our awareness to care about the environment. Best wishes. Yours， Li Hua 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $