内容正文:
Unit4 Journey Across a Vast Land 知识清单
一、 核心词汇
journey / trip / voyage / tour n. 旅程/旅行/航海旅行/观光旅行
route / itinerary n. 路线/旅行日程
board v. 登上(交通工具)→ on board 在车/船/飞机上
depart v. 出发 → departure n. ←→ arrive / arrival
bound (for) adj. 前往……的(a train bound for Toronto)
transfer v./n. 换乘,中转
accommodation n. 住宿
schedule / timetable n. 时刻表,日程
delay v./n. 延误
vast / immense / enormous adj. 广阔的,巨大的
landscape / scenery n. 风景,景观
terrain n. 地形,地带
wilderness n. 荒野,旷野
plain n. 平原
plateau n. 高原
basin n. 盆地;流域
valley n. 山谷
canyon / gorge n. 峡谷
peak / summit n. 山峰,顶峰
glacier n. 冰川 → glacial adj.
forest / forested 森林/森林覆盖的
frozen adj. 冰冻的 → freeze v.
climate n. 气候(长期)←→ weather n. 天气(短期)
temperate adj. 温带的;温和的
continental adj. 大陆性的
severe / harsh adj. 严酷的,恶劣的
breeze n. 微风
frost n. 霜冻
thaw v./n. 融化,解冻
breathtaking adj. 令人惊叹的
remote / isolated adj. 偏远的/隔绝的
dense adj. 稠密的 → density n.
settle v. 定居;解决 → settler n. → settlement n.
explore v. 探索 → exploration n. → explorer n.
wander v. 漫步,徘徊
overlook v. 俯瞰;忽视
observe v. 观察;遵守
spot v. 发现,认出 / n. 地点,斑点
capture v. 捕捉;俘虏
adapt (to) v. 适应 → adaptation n.
survive v. 幸存 → survival n. → survivor n.
impress v. 留下印象 → impression n.
amazed / astonished adj. 惊讶的
in awe (of) 对……感到敬畏
overwhelmed adj. (感情上) overwhelmed by the view
refresh v. 使恢复精神 → refreshing adj.
exhausted / worn out adj. 筋疲力尽的
unforgettable / memorable adj. 难忘的
二、 高考高频词性变换与用法精析
1. impress (v.)
impress sb. with sth. / be impressed by/with
名词:impression (印象) → make a deep impression on
形容词:impressive (令人印象深刻的), impressionable (易受影响的)
2. vary (v.)
vary from... to... (在……到……之间变化)
形容词:various (各种各样的), variable (易变的), varied (多样化的)
名词:variety (多样性) → a variety of
名词:variation (变化,变体)
3. breathe (v.)
breathe in/out 吸入/呼出
名词:breath [breθ] (一口气,呼吸) → hold one's breath, out of breath
形容词:breathless (气喘吁吁的;令人窒息的), breathtaking (激动人心的)
4. occupy (v.)
含义1:占据(空间、时间)
含义2:使忙碌 (be occupied with/in)
含义3:占领(军事)
名词:occupation (职业;占领;占用)
5. vast (adj.)
强调面积、范围、数量的巨大。
近义词辨析:vast (辽阔的), immense (强调大得难以衡量), enormous (体积或程度巨大), tremendous (大得惊人,常作“极大的”抽象义)。
三、 重点短语与固定搭配
set out / off (for) 出发(前往)
be bound for 驶往,前往
make one’s way to 前往,行进
transfer to 换乘到……
check in (to) / out (of) 入住登记/退房离开
pack up 打包行李
on the way 在路上
behind schedule 晚点 ←→ ahead of schedule
a direct flight/train 直达航班/火车
stretch (as far as the eye can see) 延伸(至目之所及)
be dotted with 散布着,点缀着
be covered in/with 被……覆盖
overlook the valley 俯瞰山谷
in the distance 在远处
up close 近距离地
take in the view 欣赏风景
at the foot/top of 在……山脚/山顶
a bird’seye view 鸟瞰图
be lost in 沉醉于,迷失在
in awe (of) 对……充满敬畏
to one’s amazement 令某人惊讶的是
feel refreshed 感到神清气爽
run into / come across 偶然遇见
strike up a conversation 开始交谈
share experiences 分享经历
feel at home 感觉自在
can’t wait to do 迫不及待做某事
be overwhelmed by 被……淹没(情感上)
adapt to the climate 适应气候
survive the cold 在寒冷中生存
be well prepared for 为……做好充分准备
face challenges 面对挑战
brave the elements 顶风冒雨,不畏恶劣天气
in harsh conditions 在恶劣条件下
四、 重点句型与语法结构
1. as 引导的非限制性定语从句(指代整个主句)
写作提分句:The train snaked through the mountains, as we had expected, offering stunning views.
考点:as 在从句中作主语或宾语,位置灵活,可置于句首、句中或句末。与which引导的此类从句有时可互换,但as常见于固定表达如as is known to all。
2. 独立主格结构(作状语,表伴随、原因、时间)
写作提分句:The journey over, we all felt a sense of great accomplishment. (表时间)
写作提分句:We continued our hike, the guide leading the way. (表伴随)
结构:名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/介词短语。高考语法填空和写作提分关键。
3. “介词 + which/whom”引导的定语从句
写作提分句:The lake beside which we camped was crystal clear.
考点:判断介词(根据从句动词搭配或主句名词搭配)。This is the train on which we travelled across Canada.
4. 倒装句(表强调,尤以地点状语开头)
写作提分句:Beyond the forest lies a vast frozen lake, glittering under the sun.
结构:表示地点的介词短语(如Beyond..., In front of...)置于句首,主谓完全倒装。条件是主语为名词(非代词)。
5. what 从句作主语,突出所见所感
写作提分句:What impressed me most was the sheer scale of the wilderness.
6. while 引导的状语从句(表对比、让步)
写作提分句:While the days were exhausting, the evenings by the campfire were pure magic.
五、 高考考点提要与易错点
1. 易混近义词组:
scenery (自然风景总称,不可数) vs. view (从某处看到的景色,可数) vs. landscape (陆上风景,可指地理特征)
journey (常指陆上长途旅行) vs. voyage (海上或太空航行) vs. trip (短途或泛指旅行)
climate (气候,长期) vs. weather (天气,短期)
2. 词性转换难点:
breathe (v.) → breath (n.) 拼写与发音均不同。
vary → variety (多样性) / variation (变化形式) 含义侧重点不同。
impress → impressionable (易受影响的) 与 impressive 含义不同。
3. 动词搭配陷阱:
board 为及物动词,直接接宾语:board the train。
overlook 有“俯瞰”和“忽视”两个相反含义,需根据语境判断。
be bound for 中的 bound 是形容词,表“正要前往的”。
4. 写作升级建议:
描述“大”时,交替使用 vast, immense, enormous, tremendous。
多用“独立主格”和“介词+which从句”替代简单句或并列句,提升句子复杂度。
在描述感受时,用 A sense of awe washed over me. 替代 I felt amazed.
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