5月第三次月考复习之阅读还原10篇（Units 5-6单元话题）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元练习（人教版）

**基本信息** 聚焦Units 5-6（自然灾害、跨文化交际），含10篇阅读还原专题训练（每单元5篇），通过真实情境与文化案例提升语言理解及跨文化沟通能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读还原|10篇|自然灾害（洪水/台风/地震等）、跨文化交际（师生称呼/餐桌礼仪/拜访礼仪等）|情境真实（如2004年海啸案例），问题设计梯度分明（基础句还原→语篇逻辑连贯），融合语言能力（语篇理解）与文化意识（跨文化差异认知）|

5月第三次月考复习之阅读还原10篇 （Units 5-6单元话题） 单元 单元话题 Unit 5 Nature's Temper 自然灾害 Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 跨文化交际 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下每单元依次对应5篇单元话题专题训练 Floods are a serious and growing problem all over the world. 1 Every year, floods bring great danger and damage (损坏) to people’s lives and homes. So it is very important to understand floods and find ways to solve them. Floods are becoming more and more common. One important reason is the rising temperature of the Earth. Warmer air can hold more water. That causes heavier rain and stronger storms. 2 This makes floods in coastal areas (沿海地区) even worse. Scientists say that by 2100, big floods that once happened only once every 100 years may happen every year. Many big cities will be in great danger. 3 Every year, more than 19 million people have to leave their homes because of floods. Floods also destroy roads, bridges and schools. In the US, floods cause billions of dollars in losses (损失) every year. 4 How can we deal with floods? We can use early warning tools to remind people of coming floods, giving them time to run to safe places. 5 Experts are also building “sponge (海绵) cities”, which can collect rainwater through special streets and parks. Floods are a big challenge, but we can make a difference if we work together and take action. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．Another key reason is rising sea levels. B．They happen when too much water covers the land. C．After floods, people may be short of food, and dirty water can also spread diseases. D．Floods cause many serious troubles. E．Building sea walls can help prevent floods. There are lots of natural disasters every year. 1 Typhoons are some of the worst storms, usually around the ocean areas. Most typhoons happen in July, August and September. How does a typhoon happen? When a lot of sea water gets hot in summer, it evaporates (蒸发) into the air. This makes the air hotter. 2 Then cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles and it keeps moving higher in the sky. And when the wind moves faster than 30 m/s, a typhoon begins. A typhoon has two parts. One is called the “eye”. 3 The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. Here are the strongest winds and hardest rains. 4 It has killed many people around the world. More people were hurt and some others were missing. What should we do when a typhoon hits? · Stay inside. 5 · Try to bring all of your things inside. · Search on the Internet for important information. · If you’re told to go to a safer place, do it right now. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．Typhoons are among them. B．Typhoons are very dangerous. C．In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. D．Close all the windows and stay away from them. E．When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move high up into the sky. 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余选项。 There was an earthquake this morning in our city. It was not serious, but people were still afraid, and someone even jumped out of the window. Where were the people? 1 Let’s read some stories together. Running out of the bookstore I was in a bookstore when the earthquake happened. 2 I didn’t know what happened. My father pulled my mother and me out of the bookstore at once. 3 Mr Lee was having a maths lesson. Suddenly, his chalk box fell onto the floor. Mr Lee shouted at us, “Get out of the classroom to the playground!” He made sure that all of us were out of the building before he left. Helping the patients When the earthquake happened, there were a lot of people there. Those who could move ran away quickly. What about the patients (病人) who couldn’t move? 4 Stopping the football game 5 Our school team was about to win. Suddenly we felt the shake. The referee (裁判) stopped the game at once, and we were led out of the football field. A．Getting out of the classroom B．Suddenly, the bed began to shake. C．I was watching a game when it happened. D．When I was reading, the floor shook suddenly. E．What were they doing at the time of the earthquake? F．All the doctors, nurses and some kind people came to help them. On 26 December 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old English schoolgirl, and her family were on holiday in Phuket, Thailand. Everyone was enjoying the beautiful weather that morning. Some people were swimming in the sea, and some were relaxing on the beach. 1 Thick white froth was forming on top of the waves. Next, she saw that the waves were coming in instead of going out.    Just then, she remembered something important. 2    “I know what’s going to happen! There’s going to be a big wave,” Tilly cried. Unfortunately, her family didn’t believe her and wanted to continue their walk. However, Tilly refused to take a single step further. 3    Back at the hotel, Tilly’s father told a security guard about the tsunami. The security guard was shocked. He knew about the huge earthquake in nearby Indonesia. It meant that a tsunami was possible! He jumped into action right away and rushed to get people off the beach. 4 People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea.     Tilly was right! Her mother was one of the last people on the beach, but thankfully, her family made it to safety just as the water hit the hotel. 5 This true story shows how a single lesson could mean the difference between life and death. Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives. A．Two weeks before, her geography teacher had explained that earthquakes under the sea could create dangerous waves called tsunamis! B．But while Tilly was walking along the beach with her family, she noticed something strange. C．Finally, her mother decided to continue the walk alone, and the rest of her family returned to the hotel. D．The 2004 tsunami caused over 200,000 deaths, but no one on the beach died that day. E．Everyone began to panic. F．Everyone on the beach ran to the hotel as quickly as they could. 根据短文内容，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When a natural disaster happens, knowing what to do can save your life. Here are some important safety tips for different situations. ◆ During an earthquake: If you are indoors, remember to drop, cover, and hold on. Get under a strong table or desk. 1 If you are outdoors, move to an open area away from buildings, trees, and power lines. ◆ During a flood: Move to higher ground immediately. 2 If you are in a car and water starts to rise, get out and move to higher ground. Never try to walk or drive through floodwater—it might be deeper or faster than it looks. ◆ During a typhoon: Stay inside and keep away from windows. 3 If the wind becomes very strong, move to a small room without windows, like a bathroom. Listen to the radio for news and instructions. ◆ During a lightning storm: Avoid open fields and hilltops. 4 If you are in a forest, stay near lower trees. If you are with a group, spread out to reduce the risk of multiple injuries. ◆ After a disaster: Be careful of dangers like fallen power lines or broken glass. 5 Help others if you can, but don’t put yourself in danger. Wait for instructions from officials before returning home. A．Do not stay in a car during a flood. B．Always play outside during a storm. C．Stay away from water, tall or isolated trees, and metal objects. D．Close all windows and doors to protect your home. E．Check yourself and others for injuries. F．Protect your head and neck with your arms. G．Go to the beach to watch the storm. Crossing cultures means we meet different ways of life around the world. People from different countries think and behave differently in daily life. 1 In many Western schools, students often call teachers by their full names or first names. It is not seen as impolite. They prefer a free and relaxed way. 2 Students usually stand up when teachers enter the classroom and use polite titles. At dinner tables, differences are also clear. Western people never speak with mouths full and keep quiet while eating. 3 They think it’s okay to talk freely and share stories during meals. Body language is different too. A smile or nod means “yes” in most countries. 4 All these rules are not right or wrong, they are just different. 5 When we understand and respect each other, the world becomes warmer and more beautiful. A．However, things are very different in many Asian countries. B．Learning cultural differences helps us get along well with others. C．But in some places, it can mean “no” or “I’m listening”. D．Here are some common differences in school and daily life. E．But in many Asian countries, people are more relaxed at table. When you visit Germany and meet friends there, how should you behave in a right way? 1 Avoid surprise visits. Germans like to plan their days. If you visit your friend suddenly, his or her plan will have to be changed. 2 Always be on time for your visit. It is rude to arrive late. 3 If you have to be late because of special situations like bad traffic or terrible weather, remember to make a call or send a message to let the host know. 4 The gift doesn’t have to cost a lot. A box of chocolates or some flowers can be enough. You can also bring a special present from your country. Take off your shoes before you enter Germans’ homes. 5 This can help keep their home clean and show your respect for their living space. Often, the hosts will offer you a pair of house slippers (拖鞋). By remembering the above tips, you will have a fantastic time with your German friends. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．The following tips can help you a lot. B．This is a common manner in Germany. C．Bring a small gift when you visit your friend. D．So, don’t forget to call your friend before your visit. E．Germans may think you don’t respect their time and plan. Bowing is a very important custom in Japan. Japanese people bow all the time. 1 It is impolite not to return a bow to whoever bows to you in Japan. It is not common in Japan to see people touch each other when they greet. Shaking hands usually happens between Japanese people and foreigners, or at a special event such as meeting a politician (政客) or a famous person. Bowing has many functions. 2 It’s a useful and important custom for you to learn. You can bow when you say“thank you”, “sorry”, “hello”, “goodbye”, “congratulations”, “excuse me”, “good morning”, and more. 3 Bowing techniques (方法) vary (变化) from a small nod of the head to a long, 90-degree bow. It depends on the social position or the age of the person you bow to. 4 It is polite to bow from your waist (腰). Men usually keep their hands at their sides, and women usually put their hands together on their legs with their fingers touching. If it is not a very formal situation, you can bow by nodding. 5 You might feel strange when doing it, but try to bow in Japan. You will be considered very polite! 根据短文内容，将下面的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用 一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。 A．Bowing seems simple, but there are different ways of bowing. B．It expresses the feelings of respect, thanks, regret and so on. C．The most common bow is a bow of about 15 degrees. D．Unlike people in many other countries, they greet each other by bowing instead of shaking hands. E．If he or she is in a higher social position or older than you, you are supposed to bow deeper and longer than him or her. F．They seldom bow to a child. If you’re travelling to the United States, you need to understand the common way to say hello—a handshake. Friends shake hands. 1 Shaking hands also seems simple, but there are some important things to remember. When you shake hands, you must look into the other person’s eyes the whole time you’re shaking hands. 2 If you give a weak handshake, the other person might think that you’re not kind. They might also feel that you don’t like them or you don’t want to touch them. Shake hands with men and women in the same way. If you shake hands with a very old person or a little child, be careful not to hurt them. Some people don’t know how long to keep shaking. 3 Don’t worry if Americans shake hands a little longer. 4 It’s special to you. You need to find a comfortable handshake that shows what you are like just like a smile. Because the handshake allows people to touch, the hand should be warm, clean and dry. Put your hands into your pockets before you shake hands. 5 If you know you’re going to meet someone, wash your hands to keep them clean. Everyone gets nervous and your hands may get wet. It isn’t a good feeling for the other person. Again, put your hands into your pockets. This will dry them. 根据短文内容，将下面方框内的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。 A．Shake hands strongly. B．This will warm them. C．No shake with something in the hands. D．Women, men and even children can shake hands. E．Your handshake is like your smile. F．The most common handshake should have three shakes and then you should let go. 根据短文内容，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In Western соuntries, уou should be саrеful whеn giving gifts. Nеvеr givе а gift in a jоb interviеw оr at а businеss mеeting. 1 or аs a “thank уоu” fоr sресial invitаtiоns or еvents. Whеn arriving at а special sоciаl gathering (聚会), уou mаy give yоur gift tо the host once the introductions аre mаdе. With gift giving, а few rules shоuld bе given muсh attention to. 2 Do not buу tоо ехpensive gifts. А small but dеlicatе (精致的) gift is а gоod chоiсe. A sрeciаl fоod frоm уour cоuntry, а bottle of winе, cаndies, flowers are thе best if you dо nоt knоw thе hоst vеry well, but be сertаin thаt yоur gift will not draw muсh attеntiоn. 3 You cаn usuallу sаy sоmething like, “I hоpе yоu will likе it.” whеn you оffеr your gift. 4 A bоttlе of winе is usuаllу all right if уоu know уour hоst drinks winе, but hаrd аlсohоl, suсh as whisky (威士忌) shоuld onlу bе given as а gift whеn уou knоw thе hоst well and аre cеrtain that hе would welсomе suсh a gift. А small сulturаl gift frоm yоur cоuntry is usuаllу vеry prоpеr. 5 А niсe card with it will bе bеttеr. A．Вe mоdеst (适中的) with уоur gift. B．It’s impolite to tаkе nо gift. C．Bе сarеful оf giving аlсohol. D．Мakе sure that your gift is рaсkаgеd niсelу. E．Yоu shоuld not аdd аnоthеr mаttеr tо the host. F．Тaking a bunсh of flоwers with уou is nеcessary. G．Gifts аrе usually givеn during speciаl hоlidaуs, 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 5月第三次月考复习之阅读还原10篇 （Units 5-6单元话题） 单元 单元话题 Unit 5 Nature's Temper 自然灾害 Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 跨文化交际 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下每单元依次对应5篇单元话题专题训练 Floods are a serious and growing problem all over the world. 1 Every year, floods bring great danger and damage (损坏) to people’s lives and homes. So it is very important to understand floods and find ways to solve them. Floods are becoming more and more common. One important reason is the rising temperature of the Earth. Warmer air can hold more water. That causes heavier rain and stronger storms. 2 This makes floods in coastal areas (沿海地区) even worse. Scientists say that by 2100, big floods that once happened only once every 100 years may happen every year. Many big cities will be in great danger. 3 Every year, more than 19 million people have to leave their homes because of floods. Floods also destroy roads, bridges and schools. In the US, floods cause billions of dollars in losses (损失) every year. 4 How can we deal with floods? We can use early warning tools to remind people of coming floods, giving them time to run to safe places. 5 Experts are also building “sponge (海绵) cities”, which can collect rainwater through special streets and parks. Floods are a big challenge, but we can make a difference if we work together and take action. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．Another key reason is rising sea levels. B．They happen when too much water covers the land. C．After floods, people may be short of food, and dirty water can also spread diseases. D．Floods cause many serious troubles. E．Building sea walls can help prevent floods. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．E 【导语】本文围绕“洪水”展开，先指出洪水是全球性的严重问题，接着从原因、危害和应对措施三方面进行阐述。 1．空格前一句“Floods are a serious and growing problem all over the World.”，说明洪水是一个日益严重的全球性问题。空格后一句“Every year, floods bring great danger and damage to people’s lives and homes.”，具体描述了洪水带来的危险和破坏。这里选B “They happen when too much water covers the land.”，对洪水进行定义，承上启下，使文章逻辑更通顺。 2．前文提到洪水日益频繁的一个重要原因是地球温度上升，导致更强烈的降雨和风暴。后文提到“这使得沿海地区的洪水更加严重”。这里选A “Another key reason is rising sea levels.”，引出导致沿海地区洪水加剧的另一个关键原因——海平面上升，与前后文形成逻辑衔接。 3．该段主要讲述洪水造成的危害。前文提到每年有超过1900万人因洪水流离失所，洪水还摧毁道路、桥梁和学校。这里选D “Floods cause many serious troubles.”，作为本段的主题句，概括了洪水带来的种种严重问题，统领全段。 4．前文列举了洪水造成的经济损失。这里选C “After floods, people may be short of food, and dirty water can also spread diseases.”，进一步补充说明洪水过后可能引发的食物短缺和疾病传播等后续问题，丰富了洪水危害的描述。 5．该段主要讨论如何应对洪水。前文提到可以使用早期预警工具，后文提到专家正在建设“海绵城市”。这里选E “Building sea walls can help prevent floods”，提出另一种应对洪水的措施——修建海堤，与前后文并列，共同构成应对洪水的多种方法。 There are lots of natural disasters every year. 1 Typhoons are some of the worst storms, usually around the ocean areas. Most typhoons happen in July, August and September. How does a typhoon happen? When a lot of sea water gets hot in summer, it evaporates (蒸发) into the air. This makes the air hotter. 2 Then cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles and it keeps moving higher in the sky. And when the wind moves faster than 30 m/s, a typhoon begins. A typhoon has two parts. One is called the “eye”. 3 The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. Here are the strongest winds and hardest rains. 4 It has killed many people around the world. More people were hurt and some others were missing. What should we do when a typhoon hits? · Stay inside. 5 · Try to bring all of your things inside. · Search on the Internet for important information. · If you’re told to go to a safer place, do it right now. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．Typhoons are among them. B．Typhoons are very dangerous. C．In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. D．Close all the windows and stay away from them. E．When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move high up into the sky. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了台风的定义、形成过程、结构特点、危害以及台风来袭时的安全应对措施。 1．前文提到There are lots of natural disasters every year.，后文开始介绍台风。这句话起到承上启下的作用，说明台风就是其中一种自然灾害。 2．前文讲When a lot of sea water gets hot in summer, it evaporates into the air. This makes the air hotter.，后文讲Then cooler air around it rushes in.。这句话正好衔接，描述了热空气上升的过程，是台风形成的关键步骤。 3．前文提到台风有两部分，其中一部分叫“台风眼”，后文介绍另一部分是眼壁。这句话正好解释了台风眼的特点，前后对应。 4．后文提到It has killed many people around the world.，这句话作为总起句，引出台风的危险性，逻辑通顺。 5．前文的建议是Stay inside.，这句话是对stay inside的具体补充，说明要关好窗户并远离窗户，符合安全建议的语境。 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余选项。 There was an earthquake this morning in our city. It was not serious, but people were still afraid, and someone even jumped out of the window. Where were the people? 1 Let’s read some stories together. Running out of the bookstore I was in a bookstore when the earthquake happened. 2 I didn’t know what happened. My father pulled my mother and me out of the bookstore at once. 3 Mr Lee was having a maths lesson. Suddenly, his chalk box fell onto the floor. Mr Lee shouted at us, “Get out of the classroom to the playground!” He made sure that all of us were out of the building before he left. Helping the patients When the earthquake happened, there were a lot of people there. Those who could move ran away quickly. What about the patients (病人) who couldn’t move? 4 Stopping the football game 5 Our school team was about to win. Suddenly we felt the shake. The referee (裁判) stopped the game at once, and we were led out of the football field. A．Getting out of the classroom B．Suddenly, the bed began to shake. C．I was watching a game when it happened. D．When I was reading, the floor shook suddenly. E．What were they doing at the time of the earthquake? F．All the doctors, nurses and some kind people came to help them. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．A 4．F 5．C 【导语】本文讲述了今天早晨城市发生的一场轻微地震，通过四个小故事描述了地震发生时不同地点（书店、教室、医院、足球场）的人们正在做什么以及他们的反应。 1．下文讲述了不同人在地震时的经历，此处是总起提问。E项“他们当时在做什么？”衔接“Where were the people? ”继续发问，总领下文。 2．根据“I was in a bookstore when the earthquake happened.”可知，“我”身处书店，D项“当我正在读书时，地板突然震动起来。”符合地震发生时在书店的场景。 3．本题为小标题，A项“跑出教室”对应下文李老师在教室上课的情景，且与其他三个小标题结构一致。 4．前一句“What about the patients who couldn’t move”就无法移动的病人情况提问，F项“所有的医生、护士和一些善良的人都前来帮助他们。”做出了具体的回答。 5．根据小标题“Stopping the football game”可知，本段是关于足球赛，所以是正在看比赛时发生的。C项“事情发生时我正在看一场比赛”符合文意。 On 26 December 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old English schoolgirl, and her family were on holiday in Phuket, Thailand. Everyone was enjoying the beautiful weather that morning. Some people were swimming in the sea, and some were relaxing on the beach. 1 Thick white froth was forming on top of the waves. Next, she saw that the waves were coming in instead of going out.    Just then, she remembered something important. 2    “I know what’s going to happen! There’s going to be a big wave,” Tilly cried. Unfortunately, her family didn’t believe her and wanted to continue their walk. However, Tilly refused to take a single step further. 3    Back at the hotel, Tilly’s father told a security guard about the tsunami. The security guard was shocked. He knew about the huge earthquake in nearby Indonesia. It meant that a tsunami was possible! He jumped into action right away and rushed to get people off the beach. 4 People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea.     Tilly was right! Her mother was one of the last people on the beach, but thankfully, her family made it to safety just as the water hit the hotel. 5 This true story shows how a single lesson could mean the difference between life and death. Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives. A．Two weeks before, her geography teacher had explained that earthquakes under the sea could create dangerous waves called tsunamis! B．But while Tilly was walking along the beach with her family, she noticed something strange. C．Finally, her mother decided to continue the walk alone, and the rest of her family returned to the hotel. D．The 2004 tsunami caused over 200,000 deaths, but no one on the beach died that day. E．Everyone began to panic. F．Everyone on the beach ran to the hotel as quickly as they could. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．E 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了一个10岁的英国女孩蒂莉·史密斯（Tilly Smith）凭借课堂上学到的地理知识，在2004年泰国普吉岛海啸中拯救了100多条生命的真实故事。 1．第一段“Thick white froth was forming on top of the waves. Next, she saw that the waves were coming in instead of going out.”说明蒂莉在海滩上注意到了海水出现白色泡沫且海浪不退反进的异常现象，选项B“但当蒂莉和家人在海滩上散步时，她注意到了一些奇怪的事情。”符合。 2．第二段“she remembered something important.”和第三段“I know what’s going to happen! There’s going to be a big wave”说明蒂莉想起了之前学过的知识，选项A“两周前，她的地理老师解释过，海底地震会产生一种叫做海啸的危险巨浪！”符合。 3．第三段“However, Tilly refused to take a single step further.”说明蒂莉坚决不肯再往前走一步，导致家人不得不做出决定，选项C“最后，她的母亲决定独自继续散步，其余家人返回了酒店。”符合。 4．第四段“People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea.”说明人们看到巨浪袭来时尖叫着拼命奔跑，表现出极度恐惧和慌乱，选项E“每个人都开始惊慌起来。”符合。 5．第五段“Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives.”说明蒂莉凭借知识和快速反应挽救了许多生命，意味着她所在的海滩无人死亡，而海啸整体伤亡惨重，选项D“2004年的海啸造成了超过20万人死亡，但那天海滩上没有人遇难。”符合。 根据短文内容，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When a natural disaster happens, knowing what to do can save your life. Here are some important safety tips for different situations. ◆ During an earthquake: If you are indoors, remember to drop, cover, and hold on. Get under a strong table or desk. 1 If you are outdoors, move to an open area away from buildings, trees, and power lines. ◆ During a flood: Move to higher ground immediately. 2 If you are in a car and water starts to rise, get out and move to higher ground. Never try to walk or drive through floodwater—it might be deeper or faster than it looks. ◆ During a typhoon: Stay inside and keep away from windows. 3 If the wind becomes very strong, move to a small room without windows, like a bathroom. Listen to the radio for news and instructions. ◆ During a lightning storm: Avoid open fields and hilltops. 4 If you are in a forest, stay near lower trees. If you are with a group, spread out to reduce the risk of multiple injuries. ◆ After a disaster: Be careful of dangers like fallen power lines or broken glass. 5 Help others if you can, but don’t put yourself in danger. Wait for instructions from officials before returning home. A．Do not stay in a car during a flood. B．Always play outside during a storm. C．Stay away from water, tall or isolated trees, and metal objects. D．Close all windows and doors to protect your home. E．Check yourself and others for injuries. F．Protect your head and neck with your arms. G．Go to the beach to watch the storm. 【答案】1．F 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．E 【导语】本文介绍了地震、洪水、台风、雷雨灾害发生时以及灾后对应的安全自救避险小贴士。 1．前文提到“Get under a strong table or desk.”，同时根据地震避险常识，遭遇地震时，我们要趴下、遮挡、抓紧，同时用手臂护住头颈。选项F符合应急知识。 2．根据后文“If you are in a car and water starts to rise, get out and move to higher ground.”如果你在车里水位上涨，立刻下车去高处。对应逻辑，洪水时不要待在车内。 3．应对台风正确做法是待在室内，远离窗户，并关好门窗。前文已经提到“Stay inside and keep away from windows.”，后文则应说明关闭好门窗。 4．根据雷雨常识，闪电易击中树木、水、金属，所以要远离这些东西。 5．灾后第一步为检查自己和他人有无受伤。同时根据后文“Help others if you can”，我们需要先检查他人是否需要帮助，才能去帮助他人。 Crossing cultures means we meet different ways of life around the world. People from different countries think and behave differently in daily life. 1 In many Western schools, students often call teachers by their full names or first names. It is not seen as impolite. They prefer a free and relaxed way. 2 Students usually stand up when teachers enter the classroom and use polite titles. At dinner tables, differences are also clear. Western people never speak with mouths full and keep quiet while eating. 3 They think it’s okay to talk freely and share stories during meals. Body language is different too. A smile or nod means “yes” in most countries. 4 All these rules are not right or wrong, they are just different. 5 When we understand and respect each other, the world becomes warmer and more beautiful. A．However, things are very different in many Asian countries. B．Learning cultural differences helps us get along well with others. C．But in some places, it can mean “no” or “I’m listening”. D．Here are some common differences in school and daily life. E．But in many Asian countries, people are more relaxed at table. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．E 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了不同国家之间的文化差异，分别从学校称呼、餐桌礼仪和肢体语言三个方面举例说明，并指出文化差异没有对错，理解与尊重能让世界更美好。 1．前文说“来自不同国家的人在日常生活中思维和行为方式不同”，后文开始列举学校、餐桌、肢体语言的差异可知，此处应起到承上启下、引出下文具体差异的作用。D选项“Here are some common differences in school and daily life.”符合语境。 2．前文说“在西方学校，学生常直呼老师全名或名字，这不算无礼”，后文说“学生通常在老师进教室时起立并使用礼貌称呼”，此处应体现转折关系。A选项“However, things are very different in many Asian countries.”与前后文形成转折关系，引出亚洲国家的做法。 3．前后文是西方国家与亚洲国家餐桌礼仪的对比，此处应体现转折关系，说明亚洲国家的情况。E选项“But in many Asian countries, people are more relaxed at table.”符合语境。 4．根据前文“A smile or nod means ‘yes’ in most countries.”可知，后文应补充说明不同国家中肢体语言的不同含义。C选项“But in some places, it can mean ‘no’ or ‘I’m listening’.”符合语境。 5．前文说“这些规则没有对错，只是不同而已”，后文说“当我们理解并尊重彼此，世界会变得更温暖美丽”，此处应总结文化差异的意义，点明主旨。B选项“Learning cultural differences helps us get along well with others.”点明了理解文化差异的意义。 When you visit Germany and meet friends there, how should you behave in a right way? 1 Avoid surprise visits. Germans like to plan their days. If you visit your friend suddenly, his or her plan will have to be changed. 2 Always be on time for your visit. It is rude to arrive late. 3 If you have to be late because of special situations like bad traffic or terrible weather, remember to make a call or send a message to let the host know. 4 The gift doesn’t have to cost a lot. A box of chocolates or some flowers can be enough. You can also bring a special present from your country. Take off your shoes before you enter Germans’ homes. 5 This can help keep their home clean and show your respect for their living space. Often, the hosts will offer you a pair of house slippers (拖鞋). By remembering the above tips, you will have a fantastic time with your German friends. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．The following tips can help you a lot. B．This is a common manner in Germany. C．Bring a small gift when you visit your friend. D．So, don’t forget to call your friend before your visit. E．Germans may think you don’t respect their time and plan. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．E 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在德国拜访朋友时需要注意的礼仪规范，包括提前预约、守时、携带小礼物、脱鞋等方面，帮助读者了解德国的社交文化。 1．设空处位于文章开头，前文提出了“如何得体地拜访德国朋友”的问题，后文开始介绍具体的礼仪建议，选项A“The following tips can help you a lot.（以下建议能帮到你很多。）”起到承上启下的作用，自然引出下文的内容。 2．前文提到“避免突然拜访”，说明德国人不喜欢计划被打乱，选项D“So, don’t forget to call your friend before your visit.（所以，拜访前别忘了先给朋友打个电话。）”承接上文，给出了具体的解决办法——拜访前先打电话预约。 3．前文强调了“守时”的重要性，说明迟到的行为不礼貌，选项E“Germans may think you don’t respect their time and plan.（德国人可能会认为你不尊重他们的时间和计划。）”解释了迟到不礼貌的原因，即会让德国人觉得你不尊重他们的时间和计划，与上下文逻辑连贯。 4．后文内容围绕“礼物”展开，介绍了礼物的要求和建议，选项C“Bring a small gift when you visit your friend.（拜访朋友时带一份小礼物。)”作为段落主题句，引出下文关于礼物的内容。 5．前文提到“进门前脱鞋”，后文说明了这样做的好处，选项B“This is a common manner in Germany.(这在德国是普遍礼仪。)”总结了“脱鞋”是德国的普遍礼仪，衔接前后内容。 Bowing is a very important custom in Japan. Japanese people bow all the time. 1 It is impolite not to return a bow to whoever bows to you in Japan. It is not common in Japan to see people touch each other when they greet. Shaking hands usually happens between Japanese people and foreigners, or at a special event such as meeting a politician (政客) or a famous person. Bowing has many functions. 2 It’s a useful and important custom for you to learn. You can bow when you say“thank you”, “sorry”, “hello”, “goodbye”, “congratulations”, “excuse me”, “good morning”, and more. 3 Bowing techniques (方法) vary (变化) from a small nod of the head to a long, 90-degree bow. It depends on the social position or the age of the person you bow to. 4 It is polite to bow from your waist (腰). Men usually keep their hands at their sides, and women usually put their hands together on their legs with their fingers touching. If it is not a very formal situation, you can bow by nodding. 5 You might feel strange when doing it, but try to bow in Japan. You will be considered very polite! 根据短文内容，将下面的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用 一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。 A．Bowing seems simple, but there are different ways of bowing. B．It expresses the feelings of respect, thanks, regret and so on. C．The most common bow is a bow of about 15 degrees. D．Unlike people in many other countries, they greet each other by bowing instead of shaking hands. E．If he or she is in a higher social position or older than you, you are supposed to bow deeper and longer than him or her. F．They seldom bow to a child. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．E 5．C 【导语】本文是说明文，主要介绍了日本的鞠躬礼仪。 1．根据“Bowing is a very important custom in Japan. Japanese people bow all the time.”可知，本段开篇介绍日本鞠躬的习俗，D选项“与许多其他国家的人不同，他们通过鞠躬而不是握手来互相问候。”符合语境。故选D。 2．根据“Bowing has many functions.”可知，本段介绍鞠躬的功能，B选项“它表达了尊重、感谢、遗憾等情感。”符合语境。故选B。 3．根据后句“Bowing techniques (方法) vary (变化) from a small nod of the head to a long, 90-degree bow.”可知，后文开始介绍鞠躬的不同方法和幅度，A选项“鞠躬看起来简单，但有不同的鞠躬方式。”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据前句“It depends on the social position or the age of the person you bow to.”可知，鞠躬的幅度取决于对方的社会地位和年龄，E选项“如果他/她的社会地位更高或比你年长，你应该比他/她鞠得更深、更久。”符合语境。故选E。 5．根据前句“If it is not a very formal situation, you can bow by nodding.”可知，本段介绍非正式场合的鞠躬方式，C选项“最常见的鞠躬是约15度的鞠躬。”符合语境。故选C。 If you’re travelling to the United States, you need to understand the common way to say hello—a handshake. Friends shake hands. 1 Shaking hands also seems simple, but there are some important things to remember. When you shake hands, you must look into the other person’s eyes the whole time you’re shaking hands. 2 If you give a weak handshake, the other person might think that you’re not kind. They might also feel that you don’t like them or you don’t want to touch them. Shake hands with men and women in the same way. If you shake hands with a very old person or a little child, be careful not to hurt them. Some people don’t know how long to keep shaking. 3 Don’t worry if Americans shake hands a little longer. 4 It’s special to you. You need to find a comfortable handshake that shows what you are like just like a smile. Because the handshake allows people to touch, the hand should be warm, clean and dry. Put your hands into your pockets before you shake hands. 5 If you know you’re going to meet someone, wash your hands to keep them clean. Everyone gets nervous and your hands may get wet. It isn’t a good feeling for the other person. Again, put your hands into your pockets. This will dry them. 根据短文内容，将下面方框内的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。 A．Shake hands strongly. B．This will warm them. C．No shake with something in the hands. D．Women, men and even children can shake hands. E．Your handshake is like your smile. F．The most common handshake should have three shakes and then you should let go. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．F 4．E 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕“美国的握手礼仪”展开，介绍了握手的适用场景、力度、时长、个人风格以及手部清洁温暖的注意事项，帮助旅行者更好地掌握美式问候礼仪。 1．根据“If you’re travelling to the United States, you need to understand the common way to say hello—a handshake. Friends shake hands.”可知，此处是补充握手的适用人群。 选项D“女性、男性甚至儿童都可以握手。”能承接上文，说明握手在不同人群中的通用性。 故选D。 2．根据“If you give a weak handshake, the other person might think that you’re not kind.”可知，此处是强调握手要有力。 选项A“用力握手。”能承接上文，与“无力的握手会让人觉得不友善”形成对比。 故选A。 3．根据“Some people don’t know how long to keep shaking.”可知，此处是说明握手的常规时长。 选项F“最常见的握手应该是摇三下然后松开。”能承接上文，给出握手时长的具体建议。 故选F。 4．根据“It’s special to you. You need to find a comfortable handshake that shows what you are like just like a smile.”可知，此处是将握手比作微笑。 选项E“你的握手就像你的微笑一样”能承接上文，引出握手是个人风格的体现。 故选E。 5．根据“Put your hands into your pockets before you shake hands.”以及“If you know you’re going to meet someone, wash your hands to keep them clean.”可知，此处是说明把手放进口袋的作用。 选项B“这会让它们暖和起来”能承接上文，解释把手放进口袋是为了让手保持温暖。 故选B。 根据短文内容，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In Western соuntries, уou should be саrеful whеn giving gifts. Nеvеr givе а gift in a jоb interviеw оr at а businеss mеeting. 1 or аs a “thank уоu” fоr sресial invitаtiоns or еvents. Whеn arriving at а special sоciаl gathering (聚会), уou mаy give yоur gift tо the host once the introductions аre mаdе. With gift giving, а few rules shоuld bе given muсh attention to. 2 Do not buу tоо ехpensive gifts. А small but dеlicatе (精致的) gift is а gоod chоiсe. A sрeciаl fоod frоm уour cоuntry, а bottle of winе, cаndies, flowers are thе best if you dо nоt knоw thе hоst vеry well, but be сertаin thаt yоur gift will not draw muсh attеntiоn. 3 You cаn usuallу sаy sоmething like, “I hоpе yоu will likе it.” whеn you оffеr your gift. 4 A bоttlе of winе is usuаllу all right if уоu know уour hоst drinks winе, but hаrd аlсohоl, suсh as whisky (威士忌) shоuld onlу bе given as а gift whеn уou knоw thе hоst well and аre cеrtain that hе would welсomе suсh a gift. А small сulturаl gift frоm yоur cоuntry is usuаllу vеry prоpеr. 5 А niсe card with it will bе bеttеr. A．Вe mоdеst (适中的) with уоur gift. B．It’s impolite to tаkе nо gift. C．Bе сarеful оf giving аlсohol. D．Мakе sure that your gift is рaсkаgеd niсelу. E．Yоu shоuld not аdd аnоthеr mаttеr tо the host. F．Тaking a bunсh of flоwers with уou is nеcessary. G．Gifts аrе usually givеn during speciаl hоlidaуs, 【答案】1．G 2．A 3．E 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了在西方国家送礼物时需要注意的礼仪规则。 1．根据前文“Never give a gift in a job interview or at a business meeting.”以及后文“or as a ‘thank you’ for special invitations or events”可知，礼物通常在特殊场合赠送。选项G“Gifts are usually given during special holidays.”礼物通常在特殊节日赠送。符合语境。 2．根据本段中“Do not buy too expensive gifts. A small but delicate gift is a good choice.”可知，本段强调礼物要适度，不要太贵重。选项A“Be modest with your gift.”送礼要适度。概括了本段主旨。 3．前文提到要确保礼物不会太引人注目，后文提到送礼物时可以说“希望你喜欢”。此处需补充一个关于不给主人添麻烦的句子。选项E“You should not add another matter to the host.”你不应该给主人添麻烦。符合语境。 4．本段主要讨论送酒的注意事项：葡萄酒通常可以，但烈酒需谨慎。选项C“Be careful of giving alcohol.”送酒要小心。直接概括本段内容。 5．前文说送小文化礼物很合适，后文提到“A nice card with it will be better.”，此处应提到礼物的包装。选项D“Make sure that your gift is packaged nicely.”确保你的礼物包装精美。符合逻辑，并且与卡片相呼应。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $