命题大赛 2025-2026学年人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection单元复习题

Sheet1 人教版高中英语选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元复习题 双向细目表 篇目 题号 主题内容 语篇类型 考查能力层级 具体能力目标 对应核心素养 难度预估 阅读 A 篇 1 传统手工艺与环保（竹编） 记叙文 Ⅱ 应用实践 细节理解：定位具体信息 语言能力、文化意识 0.70 A 篇 2 碳封存概念 记叙文 Ⅱ 应用实践 词义猜测：语境推断 语言能力、思维品质 0.55 A 篇 3 可持续设计 记叙文 Ⅱ 应用实践 细节理解：目的推断 语言能力 0.65 A 篇 4 传统与现代融合 记叙文 Ⅲ 迁移创新 推理判断：态度转变 思维品质、文化意识 0.50 B 篇 5 传统生态知识（TEK） 说明文 Ⅰ 识记理解 主旨大意：概括全文 语言能力、文化意识 0.60 B 篇 6 TEK 与西方科学对比 说明文 Ⅰ 识记理解 细节理解：对比分析 语言能力、思维品质 0.65 B 篇 7 新西兰法律案例 说明文 Ⅱ 应用实践 推理判断：例证功能 语言能力、文化意识 0.55 B 篇 8 TEK 未来前景 说明文 Ⅲ 迁移创新 观点态度：综合评价 思维品质 0.50 C 篇 9 AI 环境应用 议论文 Ⅰ 识记理解 词义猜测：标题理解 语言能力、思维品质 0.55 C 篇 10 AI 能源消耗 议论文 Ⅱ 应用实践 细节理解：数据定位 语言能力 0.60 C 篇 11 AI 治理观点 议论文 Ⅲ 迁移创新 细节理解：nuanced 观点 思维品质 0.50 C 篇 12 写作意图 议论文 Ⅲ 迁移创新 写作意图：结构分析 思维品质 0.45 C 篇 13 AI 政策建议 议论文 Ⅲ 迁移创新 推理判断：立场推断 思维品质、学习能力 0.50 D 篇 14 仿生学概念 说明文 Ⅱ 应用实践 词义猜测：构词法 + 语境 语言能力 0.55 D 篇 15 活体混凝土 说明文 Ⅱ 应用实践 细节理解：特征提取 语言能力 0.60 D 篇 16 生物外墙 说明文 Ⅱ 应用实践 细节理解：优势归纳 语言能力 0.65 D 篇 17 活建筑挑战 说明文 Ⅱ 应用实践 细节理解：问题识别 语言能力、思维品质 0.60 D 篇 18 活建筑前景 说明文 Ⅲ 迁移创新 标题归纳：主旨概括 语言能力、思维品质 0.50 七选五 19 数字技术环境影响 说明文 Ⅰ识记理解 段落主旨：承上启下 语言能力、学习能力 0.60 20 数据中心耗水 说明文 Ⅱ应用实践 逻辑衔接：例证关系 语言能力、思维品质 0.55 21 设备制造资源消耗 说明文 Ⅱ应用实践 逻辑衔接：递进关系 语言能力 0.50 22 个人减排建议 说明文 Ⅱ应用实践 逻辑衔接：平行结构 语言能力、学习能力 0.55 23 系统性变革 说明文 Ⅱ应用实践 逻辑衔接：责任链条 语言能力、思维品质 0.50 完形填空 24 冰川消融 动词（语境义） Ⅱ应用实践 语境推断：后文线索 语言能力 0.65 25 冰川体积 名词（专业搭配） Ⅱ应用实践 词汇搭配：科学术语 语言能力 0.55 26 旅游景点 名词（固定搭配） Ⅱ应用实践 固定搭配：tourist attraction 语言能力 0.70 27 多重因素 名词（逻辑关系） Ⅱ应用实践 逻辑推断：因果关系 思维品质 0.60 28 数据画面 形容词（情感色彩） Ⅱ应用实践 情感推断：全文基调 语言能力、思维品质 0.65 29 知识整合 动词（词义辨析） Ⅱ应用实践 词义辨析：integrate vs. replace 语言能力、文化意识 0.55 30 冰川记录 名词（专业语境） Ⅱ应用实践 语境推断：科学术语 语言能力 0.50 31 生态受损 动词（拟人化） Ⅱ应用实践 修辞理解：拟人化表达 语言能力、思维品质 0.55 32 科学态度 动词（短语搭配） Ⅱ应用实践 短语搭配：dismiss...as... 语言能力 0.50 33 自然规律 名词（时间线索） Ⅱ应用实践 逻辑推断：周期性 语言能力、思维品质 0.60 34 纪录片目的 动词（宾语搭配） Ⅱ应用实践 动词搭配：communicate...to... 语言能力 0.55 35 科学与文化 名词（平行结构） Ⅱ应用实践 平行结构：前后对应 语言能力、思维品质 0.60 36 旅游困境 动词（逻辑关系） Ⅱ应用实践 逻辑推断：主谓关系 语言能力 0.55 37 文化保护 动词（情感态度） Ⅱ应用实践 情感推断：worry提示 语言能力、文化意识 0.60 38 青年倡导 名词（情感色彩） Ⅱ应用实践 情感推断：passionate对应 语言能力 0.65 39 故事功能 动词（固定搭配） Ⅱ应用实践 固定搭配：stories tell us... 语言能力 0.70 40 身份认同 名词（主题升华） Ⅲ迁移创新 主题推断：呼应who we are 语言能力、文化意识 0.55 语法填空 41 非谓语动词 过去分词作定语 Ⅱ应用实践 判断动词与被修饰词的逻辑关系（被动） 语言能力 0.70 42 时态语态 过去完成时 Ⅱ应用实践 识别时间先后关系 语言能力 0.65 43 非谓语动词 现在分词作定语 Ⅱ应用实践 理解现在分词作后置定语的句法功能 语言能力、思维品质 0.60 44 **词性转换** 形容词（resist→resistant） Ⅱ应用实践 掌握resist→resistant的词性转换及搭配 语言能力 0.55 45 非谓语动词 现在分词作状语 Ⅱ应用实践 识别伴随状语/结果状语的句法功能 语言能力、思维品质 0.55 46 词性转换 名词复数（bless→blessings） Ⅰ识记理解 掌握bless→blessing的可数性及复数变化 语言能力、文化意识 0.65 47 词性转换 副词（dramatic→dramatically） Ⅰ识记理解 掌握dramatic→dramatically的构词规则（-ic→-ically） 语言能力 0.70 48 介词/副词 介词（set up） Ⅱ应用实践 识别set up为固定短语动词（建立） 语言能力 0.55 49 冠词 不定冠词（a） Ⅰ识记理解 识别simple truth为可数名词单数，需冠词； 语言能力 0.65 50 非谓语动词 动名词作宾语（lie in doing） Ⅱ应用实践 识别介词in后需接动名词 语言能力、思维品质 0.55 写作 主题内容 文体类型 考查能力层级 具体能力目标 对应核心素养 应用文写作 科技赋能环保（可降解塑料） 投稿邮件（应用文） Ⅲ迁移创新 1. 内容完整性：技术介绍+问题解决+个人观点<br>2. 语言准确性：语法、词汇、拼写<br>3. 语篇连贯性：逻辑衔接、段落结构<br>4. 文体得体性：邮件格式、正式语气 语言能力、思维品质、学习能力 读后续写 环保传承与情感（纸鹤象征） 记叙文续写 Ⅲ迁移创新 1. 情节合理性：与原文衔接自然，发展合理<br>2. 主题深化：从环保上升到传承与希望<br>3. 语言丰富性：描写、对话、修辞<br>4. 情感真实性：人物心理变化可信 语言能力、思维品质、文化意识 Sheet2 Sheet3 $ 人教版高中英语选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元复习测试题 第一部分　阅读理解（共四篇，满分50分） A篇 The Bamboo Weaver's Green Revolution Seventy-two-year-old Wang Dexiang who lives in the misty mountains of Zhejiang, has spent fifty years weaving bamboo baskets. His calloused hands move with the precision of a musician, splitting strips, soaking them in stream water, and weaving them into containers that last decades. For generations, this craft became a way to earn modest income in a region with limited farmland. But everything changed in 2019, Wang's grandson, Wang Jun, returned from university with an environmental science degree and a radical proposal: transform the family workshop into a zero-waste enterprise and make his Grandpa’s baskets revolutionary. The revolution began with sourcing. Instead of purchasing bamboo from distant plantations, the Wangs established a community-managed grove using traditional agroforestry techniques. They planted nitrogen-fixing trees between bamboo clusters, eliminated chemical fertilizers, and harvested using lunar cycles—an ancient practice Wang's grandmother had taught him. Modern soil testing confirmed what tradition already knew: the grove's carbon sequestration exceeded industrial bamboo farms by 40%. Next came design innovation. Jun collaborated with industrial designers to create modular baskets—containers with interchangeable components that could be repaired rather than discarded. When a handle wore out, customers replaced just the handle. When a base cracked, they swapped it for a new one. The old parts returned to the workshop for reweaving. "Your grandmother would mend clothes," Jun told his grandfather. "We're mending baskets for the same reason—respect for materials." The most transformative change, however, was cultural. Wang began hosting workshops where urban visitors learned not just weaving techniques but the philosophy behind them. Participants’leaving with handmade baskets and a changed perspective on consumption is his sincere hope. By 2024, the Wang workshop had trained forty young apprentices, diverted twelve tons of plastic containers from local markets, and inspired three neighboring villages to revive traditional crafts with environmental adaptations. Wang Dexiang tells audiences at regional environmental conferences ,"Technology gives us tools. But wisdom about living with nature—that comes from those who came before." 1. What initially motivated Wang Jun to transform the family workshop? A. The declining market for traditional bamboo products. B. His environmental science background and belief in sustainability. C. Government pressure to modernize rural industries. D. Competition from cheaper plastic container manufacturers. 2. What does the underlined word "sequestration" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. The process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon. B. The method of separating bamboo from other plants. C. The technique of preserving bamboo strips in water. D. The practice of selling bamboo at higher prices. 3. What is the main purpose of the modular basket design? A. To reduce production costs for the workshop. B. To make baskets more fashionable for urban consumers. C. To extend product lifespan and minimize waste. D. To increase the variety of products available. 4. What can we infer about Wang Dexiang's attitude toward tradition and innovation? A. He believes tradition should remain unchanged. B. He initially resisted change but later embraced the integration of tradition and modern environmental science. C. He thinks modern technology is superior to traditional wisdom. D. He regrets not adopting new methods earlier in his career. B篇 Ancient Wisdom, Modern Crisis: Traditional Ecological Knowledge in the Climate Era Indigenous and traditional communities occupy approximately 22% of Earth's land surface, yet their territories contain 80% of the planet's biodiversity. This striking statistic, published in a 2024 Nature synthesis, has prompted renewed scientific interest in Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)—the accumulated understanding of ecosystems developed over millennia through direct interaction with local environments. TEK operates on fundamentally different principles from Western scientific ecology. While modern science often isolates variables in controlled experiments, TEK embraces complexity and interconnection. The Saami people of northern Scandinavia, for instance, recognize over 180 types of snow, each with distinct implications for reindeer herding, travel safety, and ecosystem health. This granular knowledge enabled them to detect climate changes decades before instrumental records confirmed warming trends. In the Amazon basin, where deforestation threatens global climate stability, indigenous management practices offer proven alternatives to industrial agriculture. Research by the Woods Hole Research Center demonstrates that indigenous forest gardens—poly-culture systems mimicking natural forest structure—maintain soil fertility without chemical inputs for centuries. These "agroforestry mosaics" sequester 30% more carbon than monoculture plantations while supporting food security for local communities. The integration of TEK into modern environmental policy, however, faces significant obstacles. Intellectual property systems often fail to protect communal knowledge, leading to "biopiracy" where corporations patent traditional plant uses without compensation. Furthermore, the oral transmission of TEK becomes threatened as younger generations migrate to urban centers. A 2023 UNESCO report estimated that one indigenous language—and its associated ecological knowledge—disappears every two weeks. Some nations are pioneering solutions. New Zealand's Whanganui River was granted legal personhood in 2017, incorporating Maori concepts of reciprocal relationships between humans and nature into statutory law. Australia's Indigenous Protected Areas program combines traditional fire management with modern conservation science, reducing catastrophic wildfires while preserving cultural practices. The path forward requires what researchers term "two-eyed seeing"—using the strengths of both Western science and traditional knowledge. As climate change accelerates, this integration may prove essential. The solutions we seek may already exist, preserved in languages we are only beginning to understand. 5. What is the passage mainly about? A. The history of indigenous communities in biodiversity hotspots. B. The value, applications, and challenges of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in modern environmental protection. C. The conflicts between Western science and traditional practices. D. The economic benefits of biopiracy for corporations. 6. According to the passage, how does TEK differ from Western scientific ecology? A. TEK relies on written records while Western science uses oral transmission. B. TEK focuses on complexity and interconnection rather than isolated variables. C. TEK is less accurate than modern instrumental measurements. D. TEK is only applicable in tropical rainforest environments. 7. What does the example of New Zealand's Whanganui River illustrate? A. The economic potential of river tourism. B. A successful integration of traditional concepts into modern law. C. The superiority of Western legal systems over indigenous governance. D. The environmental damage caused by industrial agriculture. 8. What is the author's attitude toward the future of TEK in environmental policy? A. Entirely pessimistic due to rapid language loss. B. Cautiously optimistic, provided integration efforts continue. C. Dismissive of its practical value compared to modern technology. D. Uncritical and overly enthusiastic about indigenous solutions. C篇 Artificial Intelligence: Earth's New Guardian or Its Next Threat? In the race to address climate change, artificial intelligence has emerged as both a promising tool and a potential liability. On one hand, AI-powered systems are revolutionizing environmental monitoring, optimizing renewable energy grids, and accelerating the discovery of new materials for carbon capture. On the other hand, the computational infrastructure powering these systems consumes staggering amounts of electricity, generating carbon footprints that rival small nations. The benefits are substantial and growing. Google's DeepMind has developed AI algorithms that reduce the energy consumption of data center cooling systems by 40%. Microsoft employs machine learning to forecast wind patterns with 20% greater accuracy, enabling more efficient turbine placement. In materials science, AI has identified novel catalysts for splitting water into hydrogen fuel—discoveries that might have taken human researchers centuries. Yet the environmental cost of AI itself is escalating rapidly. Training a single large language model like GPT-4 requires electricity equivalent to the annual consumption of 120 average American households, emitting approximately 500 tons of CO₂. The global AI sector's energy demand is projected to increase tenfold by 2030, potentially consuming 3.5% of worldwide electricity—more than most countries. This paradox has sparked intense debate among technologists and environmentalists. Some argue for "green AI"—developing more efficient algorithms, powering data centers with renewable energy, and prioritizing applications with the highest environmental returns. Others contend that AI represents a dangerous distraction, offering technological fixes for problems that require systemic social and political transformation. The most nuanced perspective recognizes that AI is neither savior nor villain but a powerful tool whose impact depends entirely on human choices. Used wisely, AI can optimize global supply chains to eliminate food waste, predict extreme weather events with life-saving precision, and model complex climate scenarios that inform policy. Used recklessly, it can accelerate consumption, enable surveillance capitalism, and consume resources that might otherwise fund direct emissions reductions. The critical question is not whether to use AI for environmental protection but how to govern its development. This requires international agreements on AI energy standards, transparent reporting of computational carbon footprints, and rigorous evaluation of whether each application delivers genuine environmental benefits or merely technological spectacle. As we stand at this crossroads, we must remember that intelligence—artificial or human—is merely a capacity. Wisdom lies in how we choose to direct it. The algorithms we build today will shape the ecosystems our grandchildren inherit. We owe them careful, conscious design. 9. What does the author mean by calling AI "Earth's New Guardian or Its Next Threat"? A. AI will either protect the environment or destroy human civilization. B. AI has the potential to either help or harm environmental efforts depending on how it is used. C. AI is currently the biggest threat to global security. D. AI guardians will replace human environmental scientists. 10. According to the passage, what is a major environmental concern about AI? A. AI algorithms are too complex for most people to understand. B. The energy consumption and carbon emissions of AI training and operation. C. AI systems frequently malfunction and cause industrial accidents. D. AI replaces too many workers in the renewable energy sector. 11. What does the author suggest is the "most nuanced perspective" on AI? A. AI should be banned entirely to protect the environment. B. AI is inherently good and will solve all environmental problems. C. AI's impact depends on human choices and governance. D. AI is less important than traditional conservation methods. 12. What is the author's main purpose in writing this passage? A. To promote specific AI products for environmental monitoring. B. To argue that AI is too dangerous to be used for any purpose. C. To present a balanced analysis of AI's environmental potential and risks. D. To criticize technology companies for their energy consumption. 13. Which of the following would the author most likely support? A. Unrestricted development of all AI technologies. B. International regulations on AI energy consumption and environmental applications. C. Complete replacement of human scientists with AI systems. D. Abandoning renewable energy in favor of AI-powered fossil fuel extraction. D篇 Imagine a building that breathes like a tree, capturing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. A structure that heals its own cracks, adapting to stress like living tissue. A facade that changes color with the seasons, optimizing light absorption without mechanical systems. This is not science fiction—it is the emerging field of living architecture, where biotechnology and construction converge to create structures that function as ecosystems. The concept draws inspiration from nature's 3.8 billion years of evolutionary engineering. Termite mounds, for instance, maintain remarkably stable internal temperatures despite extreme external conditions, using passive ventilation systems that human architects are only beginning to replicate. The Eastgate Centre in Zimbabwe, modeled on termite mound physiology, uses 90% less energy for climate control than conventional buildings of comparable size. Recent breakthroughs have pushed biomimicry toward literal living systems. Researchers at the University of Colorado have developed "living concrete" using cyanobacteria—photosynthetic microbes that capture CO₂ and produce calcium carbonate, essentially growing building material from sunlight and atmospheric carbon. Initial prototypes achieve compressive strengths suitable for non-load-bearing applications, with the remarkable capacity to self-heal minor cracks through continued bacterial metabolism. Perhaps more revolutionary are "biofacades"—building skins incorporating algae or moss colonies. The BIQ House in Hamburg, completed in 2013, features transparent panels containing microalgae that generate biomass for energy while shading interiors from summer heat. Updated systems under development promise to capture more carbon annually than the building's construction and operation emit, achieving net-negative carbon performance. The implications for urban sustainability are profound. Buildings account for 39% of global carbon emissions—28% from operational energy and 11% from materials and construction. Living architecture addresses both simultaneously: reducing operational energy through biological processes and sequestering carbon in structural materials. A 2024 study estimated that widespread adoption of bio-based building materials could offset 15% of global construction emissions by 2050. Challenges remain substantial. Living materials require moisture and nutrients, creating durability concerns in harsh climates. Building codes developed for inert materials struggle to accommodate biological systems. And public acceptance of "growing" buildings lags behind technological capability. Yet the trajectory is clear. As climate targets tighten and material science advances, the boundary between building and organism will continue to blur. The cities of the future may not merely contain green spaces—they may themselves be alive. 14. What does the underlined word "biomimicry" in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. The study of ancient building techniques. B. The imitation of natural systems and processes in human design. C. The use of biological weapons in military architecture. D. The preservation of endangered species in urban environments. 15. What makes the "living concrete" developed by University of Colorado researchers special? A. It is completely transparent like glass. B. It uses bacteria to grow building material from CO₂ and can self-heal. C. It is the strongest building material ever created. D. It changes color depending on the weather. 16. What is the main advantage of biofacades mentioned in the passage? A. They are cheaper than traditional building materials. B. They can achieve net-negative carbon performance. C. They require no maintenance whatsoever. D. They are completely fireproof. 17. What challenge does living architecture currently face? A. There is no scientific basis for the technology. B. Building codes are not adapted to biological building materials. C. The public is overly enthusiastic about the technology. D. Living materials are too heavy for most structures. 18. What is the best title for this passage? A. The History of Green Building Design B. Living Buildings: Architecture That Breathes and Grows C. Why Traditional Concrete Is Superior to New Materials D. The Economic Costs of Sustainable Construction 第二部分　七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 Digital Detox for the Planet: Rethinking Our Screen Time The environmental impact of digital technology extends far beyond the electricity powering our devices. Every email sent, video streamed, and cloud photo stored contributes to a vast, invisible infrastructure with a surprisingly substantial carbon footprint. 　19　 Data centers—massive warehouses of servers processing our digital lives—consume approximately 1% of global electricity, a figure projected to rise to 8% by 2030. These facilities require constant cooling, often using water-intensive systems in regions already facing scarcity. 　20　 The manufacturing of devices presents equally troubling statistics. Producing a single smartphone generates 85 kilograms of CO₂ and requires mining rare earth elements that devastate local ecosystems. 　21　 Yet the average user replaces their phone every 2.5 years, driven by planned obsolescence and marketing rather than genuine need. What can individuals do? The answer is not to abandon technology but to use it more intentionally. 　22　 For cloud storage, regularly deleting unnecessary files reduces server load. For devices, extending usage to five years or more dramatically reduces lifetime environmental impact per user. Systemic changes are equally crucial. Tech companies must transition to renewable energy for data centers and design products for longevity and repairability. 　23　 Some European nations now require "right to repair" legislation, ensuring consumers can fix devices rather than replace them. A. Streaming video accounts for nearly 60% of global internet traffic. B. Consumers should demand longer product lifespans from manufacturers. C. For video consumption, choosing lower resolution reduces data transmission energy. D. The problem lies not in technology itself but in how we consume it. E. A single data center can consume as much water as a city of 50,000 residents. F. The average laptop requires even more resources to produce than a smartphone. G. Digital technology has revolutionized education and communication worldwide. 第三部分　完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Dr. Li Wen stood at 4,500 meters on Yulong Snow Mountain, watching a river of ice that had existed since the last ice age now 　24　 before her eyes. "In 1982, this glacier extended 300 meters further down the valley," she explained to the documentary crew. "We've lost 60% of its 　25　 in my lifetime." The Yulong glaciers, sacred to the local Naxi people and a major tourist 　26　 for Lijiang, are disappearing at an accelerating rate. Rising temperatures, reduced snowfall, and increased black carbon deposition from regional air pollution create a deadly 　27　. Dr. Li's team has monitored the glaciers for two decades, their data painting an increasingly 　28　 picture. What distinguishes Dr. Li's approach is her insistence on 　29　 Western scientific methods with indigenous Naxi knowledge. The Naxi have observed these mountains for millennia, their Dongba scriptures containing detailed records of glacial 　30　, seasonal patterns, and ecological indicators. "When the glacier 'sweats'—releases meltwater prematurely—the Naxi elders know the mountain is 　31　," Dr. Li noted. "Modern sensors confirm what their observations predicted weeks earlier." This collaboration has yielded unexpected insights. Naxi oral histories described a "white dragon" that periodically emerged from the glacier, which scientists initially 　32　 as mythological fantasy. Further investigation revealed that the "dragon" was actually a periodic glacial surge—a rapid advance followed by retreat—that occurred approximately every 80 years. This 　33　, previously unknown to glaciology, has now been incorporated into predictive models. The documentary project, funded by an international climate foundation, aims to 　34　 both the scientific urgency and cultural significance of the melting glaciers. Dr. Li hopes it will inspire action beyond academic circles. "Science gives us the 　35　," she says. "But culture gives us the reason to care. Without both, we won't act fast enough." Local responses have been mixed. Tourism operators fear that 　36　 the glacial retreat will discourage visitors. Some Naxi elders worry that excessive attention will 　37　 the spiritual sanctity of the mountains. Yet younger community members, trained by Dr. Li as citizen scientists, have become passionate 　38　 for conservation. "We're not just losing ice," says He Xiu, a twenty-two-year-old Naxi guide who now leads ecological education tours. "We're losing the stories that 　39　 us who we are. Protecting the glacier means protecting our 　40　." 24. A. expanding　　　B. retreating　　　C. stabilizing　　 D. glowing 25. A. mystery　　　　B. volume　　　　 C. reputation　　　D. altitude 26. A. attraction　　 B. boundary　　　 C. burden　　　　　D. shelter 27. A. combination　　B. coincidence　　 C. compromise　　　D. consequence 28. A. optimistic　　　B. ambiguous　　　C. alarming　　　　D. irrelevant 29. A. replacing　　　 B. integrating　　C. comparing　　　 D. confusing 30. A. positions　　　 B. formations　　 C. fluctuations　　D. decorations 31. A. recovering　　　B. celebrating　　C. suffering　　　 D. preparing 32. A. dismissed　　　 B. celebrated　　 C. investigated　　D. acknowledged 33. A. cycle　　　　　 B. accident　　　 C. disaster　　　　D. legend 34. A. conceal　　　　 B. communicate　　C. question　　　　D. underestimate 35. A. data　　　　　　B. funding　　　　C. permission　　　D. excuse 36. A. accelerating　　B. acknowledging　C. reversing　　　 D. ignoring 37. A. enhance　　　　 B. restore　　　　C. disturb　　　　 D. establish 38. A. opponents　　　 B. advocates　　　C. spectators　　　D. competitors 39. A. remind　　　　　B. tell　　　　 　C. warn　　　　　　D. ask 40. A. identity　　　　B. property　　　 C. privacy　　　　 D. authority 第四部分　语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the Svalbard Global Seed Vault deep inside a Norwegian mountain, over one million seed samples from across the globe lie in 41. ______ (freeze) silence. Known as the "Doomsday Vault", it is humanity’s effort to protect agricultural biodiversity from climate change and natural disasters. Traditional farmers 42. ______ had practiced seed saving for centuries long before it was built. They pick the healthiest plants, store their seeds and replant them later. Gradually, locally adapted crop varieties form unique traits 43. ______ ( fit) local soils and climates. Unlike commercial hybrid seeds that fade quickly, these native varieties grow stronger and more 44. ______ (resist) to risks. Cultural value also counts greatly. In Yunnan’s countryside, local farmers hold seed exchanges with neighbors, 45. ______ (keep) rich genetic diversity. Such activities follow old rituals and receive ancestral 46. ______ (bless). Seeds pass down not only genes but precious cultural memory. However, modern farming has 47. ______ (dramatic) cut down crop diversity. Over 75 percent of traditional varieties have vanished, leaving the world food system in high vulnerability. To change this, many groups set 48. ______ community seed banks and hold annual seed swaps to save old farming wisdom. The ancient seed saving tells us 49._______simple truth: the best solutions to environmental problems sometimes lie in 50. ______ (preserve) traditional wisdom rather than blind innovation. 第五部分　写作 第一节　应用文写作 假定你是李华，你们学校英语社团正在举办"科技赋能环保"（Technology for a Greener Future）主题征文活动。请你给社团负责人Mr. Brown写一封邮件投稿，内容包括： 1.介绍你关注的一项环保科技（如：AI环境监测、可降解材料、碳捕获技术等）,说明该技术如何解决具体环境问题； 2.表达你对科技助力环保的看法。 注意： 词数80左右；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Mr. Brown, I am writing to submit my article for the "Technology for a Greener Future" essay competition. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第二节　读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Sixteen-year-old Chen Wei would find a paper crane on his desk every spring, when cherry blossoms painted the old campus pink. No note, no signature . For three years, since middle school, this mysterious ritual had continued, and Chen Wei had never discovered who left them. He suspected Lin Yue, the quiet girl who sat two rows behind him in environmental science club, often watched him with an expression he couldn't decipher. But whenever he approached her, she would bury her face in a book about renewable energy or disappear into the school's recycling station, where she spent hours sorting waste with obsessive precision. Chen Wei appreciated the cranes, though he never understood their meaning. He was the school's "trash king"—a nickname he wore with pride. While other students saw garbage, he saw resources. "Waste is just resources in the wrong place" ,he quoted his father’s words. Although he knew Lin Yue shared his passion ,she remained distant, communicating with him only through data sheets and occasional nods during club meetings. The spring of their senior year brought change. The city announced a "Zero Waste Campus" competition, offering funding for the most innovative student environmental project. Chen Wei proposed an ambitious plan: converting the school's entire waste stream into reusable resources within one semester. He needed a partner. He needed Lin Yue. He found her in the recycling station, as expected, separating aluminum from steel with gloved hands. "I know about the cranes," he said, though he didn't. Her hands paused. "And I need your help with the competition. But more than that, I want to understand why you keep folding them." Lin Yue was silent for a long moment. Then she reached into her bag and pulled out a worn photograph. Paragraph 1: "This was my grandmother," she said, her voice barely audible. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: On the day of the competition presentation, Chen Wei and Lin Yue stood together before the judges. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版高中英语选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元复习测试题 参考答案及详解 第一部分　阅读理解 A篇 【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了浙江竹编艺人王德祥在孙子王俊的影响下，将传统竹编工艺与现代环保理念结合，实现零废弃生产的故事，体现了传统文化与可持续发展的融合。 1. B　细节理解题。根据第二段"Wang Jun, returned from university with an environmental science degree and a radical proposal: transform the family workshop into a zero-waste enterprise"以及"your baskets are already sustainable"可知，王俊的环境科学背景和对可持续发展的信念是促使他改造家族工坊的动机。 【解题思路】 定位关键信息在第二段，注意"environmental science degree"和"sustainable"这两个核心词。选项A、C、D在文中均未提及。 【易错点】 容易误选D，因为文中提到了塑料容器，但这不是改造的动机，而是改造后的影响。 【方法总结】 细节题要精准定位原文，避免过度推理。正确选项往往是原文信息的同义转换。 2. A　词义猜测题。根据第三段上下文"carbon sequestration exceeded industrial bamboo farms by 40%"以及前文提到的"nitrogen-fixing trees"和"eliminated chemical fertilizers"可知，这里讨论的是环保指标。sequestration意为"碳封存"，即捕获和储存大气中的碳。 【解题思路】 利用上下文语境和构词法。se-（分离）+ quest（寻求）+ -ration（名词后缀），结合carbon和环保主题，推断为"碳的隔离/封存"。 【易错点】 容易误选C，因为文中提到了"soaking them in stream water"，但这是竹编工艺，与sequestration无关。 【方法总结】 词义猜测题要关注上下文逻辑关系，特别是对比关系（exceeded industrial bamboo farms）和因果关系。 3. C　细节理解题。根据第四段"modular baskets—containers with interchangeable components that could be repaired rather than discarded"以及"When a handle wore out, customers replaced just the handle"可知，模块化设计的目的是延长产品寿命、减少浪费。 【解题思路】 抓住"repaired rather than discarded"和"old parts returned to the workshop for reweaving"等关键信息。 【易错点】 容易误选A，虽然降低成本可能是附带效果，但文中明确强调的是环保和可持续性。 【方法总结】 目的题要寻找表示目的的标志性词语，如to, in order to, aim to等，或从结果反推目的。 4. B　推理判断题。根据最后一段"Wang Dexiang, once skeptical of his grandson's 'book learning,' now speaks at regional environmental conferences"以及"Technology gives us tools...But wisdom about living with nature—that comes from those who came before"可知，王德祥最初对改变持怀疑态度，但后来接受了传统智慧与现代环保科学的结合。 【解题思路】 关注人物态度的转变标志词，如"once skeptical...now"以及引语内容。 【易错点】 容易误选A，但文末明确表明他支持创新；误选C则忽略了他对传统智慧的重视。 【方法总结】 态度推断题要关注转折词、时间词和直接引语，这些往往是态度变化的信号。 B篇 【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了传统生态知识（TEK）在现代环境保护中的价值、应用案例及面临的挑战，强调了传统知识与现代科学结合的重要性。 5. B　主旨大意题。文章第一段引出TEK话题，第二段对比TEK与西方科学，第三、四段举例说明应用，第五、六段讨论挑战，第七段提出解决方案，最后一段总结。全文围绕TEK的价值、应用和挑战展开。 【解题思路】 采用"段落大意串联法"：各段落分别讨论TEK的定义、特点、应用（Saami、Amazon）、挑战（知识产权、语言消失）、解决方案（新西兰、澳大利亚）、未来方向（two-eyed seeing）。 【易错点】 容易误选C，但文章并未强调冲突，而是强调融合；误选D则偏离主题。 【方法总结】 主旨题要避免以偏概全，正确选项应能覆盖全文主要内容，而非某一段的局部信息。 6. B　细节理解题。根据第二段"While modern science often isolates variables in controlled experiments, TEK embraces complexity and interconnection"可知，TEK与西方科学生态学的区别在于TEK关注复杂性和相互联系，而非孤立变量。 【解题思路】 直接定位对比句，注意"while"引导的对比关系。 【易错点】 容易误选A，但文中提到TEK是oral transmission，并未说西方科学也是。 【方法总结】 对比类细节题要找准对比标志词（while, however, whereas, unlike等）。 7. B　推理判断题。根据第六段"New Zealand's Whanganui River was granted legal personhood in 2017, incorporating Maori concepts of reciprocal relationships between humans and nature into statutory law"可知，这个例子说明了传统概念成功融入现代法律。 【解题思路】 例子服务于观点，本段主题是"Some nations are pioneering solutions"，例子具体说明如何将传统知识纳入现代法律框架。 【易错点】 容易误选A，但文中未提及旅游经济；误选C与文意相反。 【方法总结】 例证题要明确"例子证明什么观点"，通常观点在例子前或后。 8. B　观点态度题。文章既指出了TEK面临的严峻挑战（语言消失、生物剽窃），又展示了成功的整合案例（新西兰、澳大利亚），最后提出"two-eyed seeing"的积极方向。态度是谨慎乐观的。 【解题思路】 关注全文基调：挑战（obstacles, threatened, disappearing）与希望（pioneering solutions, essential, two-eyed seeing）并存。 【易错点】 容易误选A（忽略成功案例）或D（忽略挑战）。 【方法总结】 态度题要统计正负情感词的比例，关注转折词后的内容，以及结尾段的总结性表述。 C篇 【语篇导读】 本文是一篇议论文，探讨了人工智能在环境保护中的双重角色——既是潜在工具也是潜在威胁，呼吁建立国际治理框架。 9. B　句意理解题。标题"Earth's New Guardian or Its Next Threat?"表明AI既可能成为环境的守护者，也可能成为威胁，关键在于如何使用。 【解题思路】 理解标题的修辞手法（选择疑问）和文章核心矛盾（benefits vs. costs）。 【易错点】 容易误选A，但"destroy human civilization"过于绝对，文中讨论的是环境领域。 【方法总结】 标题理解题要结合全文主旨，注意标题的象征意义和修辞手法。 10. B　细节理解题。根据第四段"Training a single large language model...requires electricity equivalent to...emitting approximately 500 tons of CO₂"和"The global AI sector's energy demand is projected to increase tenfold by 2030"可知，主要担忧是AI的能源消耗和碳排放。 【解题思路】 定位第四段核心数据，注意"Yet"转折后的重点。 【易错点】 容易误选A，但文中未提及算法复杂性是环境担忧。 【方法总结】 细节题在议论文中常出现在论据部分，注意数据、举例等支撑信息。 11. C　细节理解题。根据第六段"The most nuanced perspective recognizes that AI is neither savior nor villain but a powerful tool whose impact depends entirely on human choices"可知，最细致的观点认为AI的影响取决于人类的选择和治理。 【解题思路】 直接定位"most nuanced perspective"所在句，注意"neither...nor...but..."结构。 【易错点】 容易误选D，但文中并未将AI与传统方法比较。 【方法总结】 观点引用题要精准定位原文表述，注意同义转换。 12. C　写作意图题。文章全面分析了AI的环境效益（第二、三段）和环境成本（第四段），讨论了不同观点（第五段），并提出治理建议（第七段）。目的是平衡分析AI的潜力和风险。 【解题思路】 分析文章结构：引入（提出问题）→ 正方论据 → 反方论据 → 综合分析 → 建议。这是典型的平衡式议论文结构。 【易错点】 容易误选D，但批评能源消耗只是部分内容，不是全文主旨。 【方法总结】 写作意图题要分析全文结构，判断是说明、议论还是记叙，以及作者的基本立场。 13. B　推理判断题。根据第七段"This requires international agreements on AI energy standards, transparent reporting of computational carbon footprints"可知，作者支持对AI能源消耗和环境应用进行国际监管。 【解题思路】 关注作者的建议部分（requires...），推断其支持的措施。 【易错点】 容易误选A，但作者在第五段明确批评了这种观点。 【方法总结】 推断作者立场题要关注建议段和结论段，这些是作者观点最直接的体现。 D篇 【语篇导读】 本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了"活建筑"（living architecture）领域的前沿科技，包括仿生设计、活体混凝土和生物外墙等，探讨了其环境效益和挑战。 14. B　词义猜测题。根据第二段"The concept draws inspiration from nature's 3.8 billion years of evolutionary engineering"和"Termite mounds...using passive ventilation systems that human architects are only beginning to replicate"可知，biomimicry指模仿自然系统和过程进行人类设计。 【解题思路】 利用构词法（bio-生物 + mimicry模仿）和上下文例证（termite mounds, Eastgate Centre）。 【易错点】 容易误选A，但文中强调的是模仿自然，而非古老建筑技术。 【方法总结】 科技类词义猜测题常可通过构词法和例证推断。 15. B　细节理解题。根据第三段"'living concrete' using cyanobacteria...capture CO₂ and produce calcium carbonate"和"with the remarkable capacity to self-heal minor cracks"可知，其特点是利用细菌从CO₂中生长建筑材料并能自我修复。 【解题思路】 定位"living concrete"所在段，提取两个核心特征：细菌生长材料、自我修复。 【易错点】 容易误选C，但文中说"suitable for non-load-bearing applications"，并非最强材料。 【方法总结】 科技说明文的细节题要注意限定词（如non-load-bearing）和程度词。 16. B　细节理解题。根据第四段"Updated systems under development promise to capture more carbon annually than the building's construction and operation emit, achieving net-negative carbon performance"可知，主要优势是可实现净负碳表现。 【解题思路】 关注"net-negative carbon performance"这一关键概念。 【易错点】 容易误选A，但文中未提及成本比较。 【方法总结】 优势/特点题要寻找比较级、最高级和表示优势的词汇。 17. B　细节理解题。根据第六段"Building codes developed for inert materials struggle to accommodate biological systems"可知，建筑规范不适应生物建筑材料是主要挑战。 【解题思路】 定位"Challenges remain substantial"所在段，逐一排除选项。 【易错点】 容易误选D，但文中未提及重量问题。 【方法总结】 挑战/问题题通常在文中明确列出，注意标志性词语（challenge, obstacle, difficulty等）。 18. B　标题归纳题。文章核心内容是介绍能够"呼吸"和"生长"的活建筑，B项准确概括了这一主题。 【解题思路】 标题要涵盖核心概念（living architecture）和核心特征（breathes and grows）。 【易错点】 容易误选A，但文章聚焦前沿科技，而非历史。 【方法总结】 标题题要避免过于宽泛或过于狭窄，最佳标题应准确反映文章核心内容和新颖之处。 第二部分　七选五 【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文，讨论数字技术的环境影响，提出个人和系统性解决方案。 19. D　前文说数字技术的环境影响远超设备用电，后文展开具体数据。D项"The problem lies not in technology itself but in how we consume it"承上启下，引出消费方式的问题。 【解题思路】 关注空格前后逻辑：前文提出环境影响，后文具体说明。需要一句过渡句，从"影响"转向"原因/解决方向"。 【易错点】 容易误选A，但A项过于具体，不适合段首。 【方法总结】 段首/段中空格要关注与上下文的逻辑衔接（因果、转折、递进等）。 20. E　前文说数据中心需要持续冷却，常使用耗水系统。E项"A single data center can consume as much water as a city of 50,000 residents"用具体数据支撑前文。 【解题思路】 前文提到water-intensive systems，后文需要具体例证。 【易错点】 容易误选A，但A项讨论的是视频流量，与水无关。 【方法总结】 例证题要关注前文的关键词（water），选择与之相关的例子。 21. F　前文说生产智能手机产生85公斤CO₂，后文说用户每2.5年更换一次。F项"The average laptop requires even more resources to produce than a smartphone"延续生产资源的话题，形成递进。 【解题思路】 前文讲手机，后文讲更换频率。F项引入笔记本电脑，扩展了设备范围，为后文的"average user"做铺垫。 【易错点】 容易误选B，但B项是建议，不适合此处的事实陈述段落。 【方法总结】 递进关系要注意"even more"等标志词。 22. C　前文说答案不是放弃技术而是更审慎地使用，后文说云存储和设备的建议。C项"For video consumption, choosing lower resolution reduces data transmission energy"是具体建议之一，与后文结构平行。 【解题思路】 后文有"For cloud storage..."和"For devices..."，C项"For video consumption..."形成排比结构。 【易错点】 容易误选B，但B项是系统性建议，不适合个人行动段落。 【方法总结】 平行结构题要关注后文的句式特点，选择结构相似的选项。 23. B　前文说科技公司必须转向可再生能源，设计长寿产品。B项"Consumers should demand longer product lifespans from manufacturers"从消费者角度补充，与后文"right to repair"立法衔接。 【解题思路】 前文讲企业责任，后文讲立法。B项从消费者需求角度连接两者。 【易错点】 容易误选G，但G项与环保主题无关。 【方法总结】 逻辑衔接题要关注"企业→消费者→立法"的责任链条。 第三部分　完形填空 【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了环境科学家李文在玉龙雪山研究冰川消融，并与当地纳西族传统知识结合的故事，体现了科学与人文的融合。 24. B　根据下文"In 1982, this glacier extended 300 meters further down the valley"和"We've lost 60%"可知，冰川正在"退缩"（retreating）。 【解题思路】 利用后文数据（extended 300 meters further, lost 60%）推断冰川状态。 【易错点】 容易误选A（expanding），与文意相反。 【方法总结】 完形填空要充分利用后文线索，注意数据、对比等信息。 25. B　冰川失去的应是"体积"（volume），这是描述冰川消融的常用术语。 【解题思路】 冰川消融的科学表述是"loss of volume"或"mass loss"。 【易错点】 容易误选D（altitude），但海拔不会失去。 【方法总结】 科技类完形要注意专业术语的搭配。 26. A　玉龙冰川是丽江的主要旅游"景点"（attraction）。 【解题思路】 tourist attraction为固定搭配。 【易错点】 容易误选C（burden），但后文未体现负担。 【方法总结】 固定搭配题要积累常见短语。 27. A　气温上升、降雪减少和黑碳沉积形成"组合"（combination），共同导致冰川消融。 【解题思路】 三个因素共同作用，用combination表示"组合效应"。 【易错点】 容易误选D（consequence），但这里强调的是原因的组合。 【方法总结】 因果关系题要分清原因和结果。 28. C　数据描绘的应是"令人担忧的"（alarming）画面。 【解题思路】 前文提到冰川快速消融，数据应令人担忧。 【易错点】 容易误选A（optimistic），与语境矛盾。 【方法总结】 情感色彩题要关注全文基调。 29. B　李文坚持将西方科学方法与纳西族知识"整合"（integrating）。 【解题思路】 后文详细描述了两种知识的结合，用integrating最准确。 【易错点】 容易误选A（replacing），但后文显示是结合而非替代。 【方法总结】 关注后文例证，判断动作的性质。 30. C　东巴经文包含冰川"波动"（fluctuations）的详细记录。 【解题思路】 冰川的变化用fluctuations（波动、起伏）最专业。 【易错点】 容易误选A（positions），但位置不会详细记录。 【方法总结】 科技类词汇要注意专业准确性。 31. C　冰川提前释放融水意味着山脉正在"遭受痛苦/受损"（suffering）。 【解题思路】 拟人化用法，suffering表示生态系统受损。 【易错点】 容易误选A（recovering），与语境相反。 【方法总结】 拟人化表达要理解其象征意义。 32. A　科学家最初"认为……不成立/不予考虑"（dismissed）为神话幻想。 【解题思路】 dismiss...as...为固定搭配，表示"把……当作……而不予考虑"。 【易错点】 容易误选C（investigated），但后文说"further investigation revealed"，说明最初没有调查。 【方法总结】 注意时间线索（initially vs. further）。 33. A　前文提到"every 80 years"，说明这是一个"周期"（cycle）。 【解题思路】 every 80 years提示周期性。 【易错点】 容易误选D（legend），但这是科学发现，不是传说。 【方法总结】 时间线索题要关注表示频率的词语。 34. B　纪录片项目旨在"传达"（communicate）科学紧迫性和文化意义。 【解题思路】 communicate...to...表示"将……传达给……"。 【易错点】 容易误选A（conceal），与文意相反。 【方法总结】 动词题要注意与宾语的搭配。 35. A　科学给我们"数据"（data），文化给我们关心的理由。 【解题思路】 与后文"culture gives us the reason"形成平行对比。 【易错点】 容易误选B（funding），但后文未提及资金。 【方法总结】 平行结构题要关注前后对应关系。 36. B　旅游经营者担心"承认"（acknowledging）冰川退缩会吓跑游客。 【解题思路】 acknowledge表示"公开承认"，符合语境。 【易错点】 容易误选A（accelerating），但经营者不会加速退缩。 【方法总结】 主语与动词的逻辑关系要合理。 37. C　纳西族长者担心过度关注会"打扰"（disturb）山脉的神圣性。 【解题思路】 disturb the sanctity为合理搭配。 【易错点】 容易误选A（enhance），与worry矛盾。 【方法总结】 情感态度题要关注worry, fear等提示词。 38. B　年轻社区成员成为热情的"倡导者"（advocates）。 【解题思路】 前文说"passionate"，后文说"for conservation"，advocates最恰当。 【易错点】 容易误选A（opponents），与passionate矛盾。 【方法总结】 情感色彩与名词选择要一致。 39. B　我们正在失去"讲述"（tell）我们是谁的故事。 【解题思路】 stories tell us...为常用表达。 【易错点】 容易误选A（remind），但remind需加of。 【方法总结】 动词搭配题要注意及物/不及物。 40. A　保护冰川意味着保护我们的"身份认同"（identity）。 【解题思路】 与"who we are"对应，identity最准确。 【易错点】 容易误选B（property），但冰川不是财产。 【方法总结】 呼应题要关注前后文的对应关系。 第四部分　语法填空 【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了种子保存这一古老生态实践及其在现代环境保护中的重要性。 41. frozen 解题思路 空格后是名词 silence，需要用形容词作前置定语修饰名词。 动词 freeze 有两个形容词： frozen：冰封的、死寂的，侧重被定格、沉静的； freezing：极冷的，侧重温度低。 此处 in frozen silence 为固定表达：在死寂的沉寂中，故填 frozen。 易错点 容易误填 freezing，混淆两个形容词语义用法；分不清形容词修饰名词的基本句式结构。 42. had 解题思路 本句已有谓语核心 practiced，结合后文 long before it was built（过去时间），表示在种子库建成之前，农民就已经做了数百年留种。 过去完成时结构：had + 过去分词，句中已有 practiced，只需填助动词 had。 易错点 看不懂句子结构，重复填实义动词；忽略 long before 暗示 “过去的过去”，必须用过去完成时。 43. to fit 解题思路 句子主干完整：locally adapted crop varieties form unique traits。 空格后为目的，用不定式 to do 作后置定语 / 目的状语，表示 “形成独特特征以适应当地土壤和气候”。 易错点 误填 fitting / fitted；分不清：表目的多用不定式，现在分词多表伴随 / 主动。 44. resistant 解题思路 and 并列结构，前面是形容词比较级 stronger，空格也需填形容词。 固定搭配：be resistant to 对…… 有抵抗力。 名词 resist → 形容词 resistant。 易错点 误填名词 resistance；分不清形容词作表语、名词不能直接跟在 more 后构成比较级。 45. keeping 解题思路 逗号前是完整主句，无连词连接，空格用现在分词作结果 / 伴随状语，表自然而然带来的结果：农民开展种子交换，从而保持基因多样性。 逻辑主语 local farmers 与 keep 是主动关系，填 keeping。 易错点 误填 to keep；不定式多表刻意目的，现在分词表自然结果，语境用 keeping。 46. blessings 解题思路 形容词 ancestral（祖先的）后接名词作宾语。 动词 bless → 名词 blessing（祝福、庇佑）。 此处泛指祖先的种种祝福，为可数名词，用复数 blessings。 易错点 误填动词 bless 或单数 blessing；忽略形容词后需接名词、可数名词泛指常用复数。 47. dramatically 解题思路 空格修饰动词短语 cut down，修饰动词必须用副词。 形容词 dramatic → 副词 dramatically 意为 “急剧地、大幅度地”。 易错点 误填形容词 dramatic；记不住形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词 / 整句。 48. up 解题思路 固定短语搭配：set up 建立、设立。 set up community seed banks 建立社区种子库。 易错点 固定短语记忆模糊，误填其他介词如 off/out。 49. a 解题思路 空后 simple truth 是可数名词单数，表泛指 “一个简单的道理”，simple 辅音音素开头，用不定冠词 a。 易错点 漏填冠词、误填 the；分不清泛指用 a/an，特指才用 the。 50. preserving 解题思路 介词 in 后面，只能接名词、代词或动名词。 lie in doing sth. 在于做某事，故填动名词 preserving。 易错点 误填原形 preserve 或不定式 to preserve；忽略介词后动词必须变 - ing 形式。 第五部分　写作 第一节　应用文写作 【写作思路】 第一段：开门见山，点明投稿意图。 第二段：具体介绍技术（可降解塑料）+ 数据支撑（40% reduction）+ 解决的问题（white pollution）。 第三段：辩证观点（科技+生态智慧+消费意识+政策支持）。 【易错点】 避免泛泛而谈，要具体说明"哪项技术"和"解决什么问题"。 注意时态：介绍技术用一般现在时，举例用现在完成时或一般过去时。 【方法总结】 应用文写作"三段式"：意图→内容→观点。 使用具体数据和例子增强说服力。 结尾升华，体现思辨能力。 【参考范文】 Dear Ms. Jenkins, I am writing to submit my article for the "Technology for a Greener Future" essay competition. My article focuses on biodegradable plastics made from agricultural waste, such as corn stalks and rice husks. Unlike conventional plastics that persist for centuries, these materials decompose within six months under natural conditions, significantly reducing white pollution in soil and oceans. I illustrate how a startup in my city has replaced plastic packaging with these materials, cutting landfill waste by 40% annually. I firmly believe that technology, when guided by ecological wisdom, offers powerful solutions to environmental crises. However, technology alone is insufficient—it must be combined with conscious consumption and policy support to create lasting change. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第二节　读后续写 【写作思路】 第一段： 揭示祖母身份（环卫工人）和纸鹤的由来。 建立情感连接：祖母→老师→陈薇（传承）。 升华纸鹤的意义：不仅是礼物，更是桥梁。 第二段： 比赛展示：以纸鹤开场，呼应前文。 主题深化：从废物利用到"看见被忽视的价值"。 结尾：留下开放式思考，强调传承。 【写作误区】 避免突兀转折：纸鹤的来历要合理，与环保主题相关。 避免偏离主题：比赛展示要体现环保项目，不能变成纯情感故事。 注意人物性格一致性：林月从quiet变得steady，要有过渡。 【方法总结】 读后续写"三线并行"：情节线（比赛准备→展示）、情感线（纸鹤的秘密→理解→共鸣）、主题线（环保→传承→希望）。 善用象征物（纸鹤）贯穿全文，增强连贯性。 对话推动情节，内心独白深化情感，描写渲染氛围。 【参考范文】 Paragraph 1: "This was my grandmother," she said, her voice barely audible. The photograph showed an elderly woman sitting at a wooden table, her fingers folding a paper crane with the same precision Lin Yue now possessed. "She was a sanitation worker for forty years. Every morning, she would leave a crane on the desk of the young environmental science teacher who helped her sort recyclables after school." Lin Yue's eyes glistened. "When I was eight, she told me that paper cranes carry souls to peaceful places. After she passed, I started folding them for you—because you remind me of him. You see the beauty in what others discard." Chen Wei felt his throat tighten. He looked at the cranes he had collected in a box under his bed, suddenly understanding their weight. They were not mere gifts; they were bridges between generations, between loss and hope, between a grandmother's gratitude and a girl's silent admiration. Paragraph 2: On the day of the competition presentation, Chen Wei and Lin Yue stood together before the judges. Their project—a comprehensive waste-to-resource system powered by student volunteers and smart sorting technology—glowed on the screen behind them. But instead of beginning with data, Chen Wei held up a paper crane. "This crane is made from last week's chemistry notes," he said. "It represents what we believe: that everything deserves a second life." Lin Yue stepped forward, her voice steady now. "My grandmother taught me that the smallest acts of care can span decades. Our project is not just about waste reduction. It is about seeing value in the overlooked, about building connections that outlast any competition." The judges were silent. Then one asked, "How will you sustain this beyond graduation?" Chen Wei and Lin Yue exchanged glances, and in that moment, both knew the answer had already begun—with a paper crane, a shared purpose, and a promise to keep folding hope into every discarded thing. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $