大题25：阅读理解议论文（每篇题数不限）【大题特训】-2026中考英语巅峰冲刺急救包

阅读理解议论文 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、阅读理解 Our culture is the system we use to build our identity (身份). All living creatures are part of a culture. Even animals have a culture! So what is culture? It’s the way we behave in a group. It begins with each individual family. Within our families we do things to build relationships with each other. This can include routines for doing things. It also includes traditions. Traditions are activities that are repeated on a regular basis. Culture is not limited to individual family groups. The real strength of culture is in larger community groups. These larger groups are called societies. Every society makes rules for itself. It decides how people should act in different situations. Some of these rules are written down. Some are just things that are automatically expected of all members of that society. Often, cultures can be identified by what the people believe. Cultures are also known by what they choose to include in their art. Sometimes a society forms around people who speak the same language. Cultures may also be known for their customs, including the foods they make and the things they do. Our cultures help us understand who we are and what we believe. There are very strong emotions connecting us to our own society. Two different cultures may disagree on something, especially if they both feel strongly about it. When that happens, war is a common result. People are learning better ways to communicate. The more we learn, the more we understand the differences in cultures. 1．Why does the author say “Even animals have a culture!”? A．To start an opinion. B．To give an example. C．To set up a mystery. D．To make a comparison. 2．According to the passage, where does culture begin? A．The family. B．The society. C．The animal. D．The war. 3．What is the main purpose of Para. 3? A．To explain how to write rules for a new society. B．To show that food is an important part of customs. C．To encourage people to join larger community groups. D．To explain what culture is and how it is expressed in societies. 4．Why do wars sometimes begin between cultures? A．Because of the unwritten rules. B．Because of the strong disagreement. C．Because of the poor communication. D．Because of the unexpected emotion. 5．What can we get from the passage? A．It is impossible for different cultures to agree. B．Animals and humans have the same kind of culture. C．Learning more helps us understand cultural differences. D．Communication is the only way to build a new identity. 【答案】6．A 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文探讨了文化的定义、文化从家庭到社会的扩展、文化冲突的原因以及学习沟通对理解文化差异的重要性。 7．第一段作者先提出“All living creatures are part of a culture.”，随后说“Even animals have a culture!”，以此引出关于文化范畴与本质的讨论，该表述的作用是引出核心观点。 8．第二段指出：“It begins with each individual family.”，说明文化从家庭开始。 9．第三段解释了文化在更大社区群体（社会）中的表现，包括规则、信仰、艺术、语言、习俗等，因此本段主要说明文化是什么以及它在社会中如何体现。 10．第四段指出：“Two different cultures may disagree on something…war is a common result.”，说明战争有时是因为强烈的观点分歧。 11．最后一段指出：“The more we learn, the more we understand the differences in cultures.”，说明学习更多有助于我们理解文化差异。 Nowadays, some young people like to treat themselves in a way that goes beyond the budget, such as having a very expensive dinner to make themselves feel good. What do you think of this kind of lifestyle? Some people think this lifestyle is bad because it doesn’t consider the future. First, short-lived happiness may stop us from working hard. When we spend too much time playing games or shopping, we might fall behind those who are working to improve themselves. Besides, avoiding challenges can make it hard to face difficult situations in the future. If we only do what makes us happy, it may be hard to achieve anything meaningful. But others can see it in a positive way. Doing small things like drinking milk tea after a test, watching funny videos, or participating in other sports activities can help them feel better. These moments of joy help them face new challenges. After all, isn’t finding light in the darkness a form of wisdom? In short, views on this lifestyle are different. The key may be to balance living in the moment and planning ahead. Face difficulties with courage and take on the responsibilities that come with being a young person today. 12．Why do some people think the lifestyle of treating themselves beyond budget is bad? A．Because it brings too much happiness. B．Because it helps them face new challenges. C．Because it might stop them from working hard. D．Because it is a form of wisdom. 13．Which example shows that some people find joy in a positive way? A．Eating a very expensive dinner alone. B．Drinking milk tea after a test. C．Avoiding challenges in daily life. D．Planning ahead for the future. 14．What is the structure of the text? A．①/②③④ B．①②/③④ C．①②③/④ D．①/②③/④ 【答案】15．C 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文围绕年轻人超预算犒劳自己的生活方式展开，阐述了不同人对此的看法，最后强调要平衡当下生活与提前规划。       16．根据第二段中“Some people think this lifestyle is bad because it doesn’t consider the future. First, short-lived happiness may stop us from working hard.”可知，一些人认为超预算犒劳自己的生活方式不好，是因为这种短暂的快乐可能会阻止我们努力工作。 17．根据第三段中“But others can see it in a positive way. Doing small things like drinking milk tea after a test, watching funny videos, or participating in other sports activities can help them feel better.”可知，考试后喝奶茶这一例子体现了一些人以积极方式寻找快乐。 18．文章结构为：第一段引出“年轻人超预算犒劳自己的生活方式”这一话题；第二、三段分别阐述对该生活方式的不同看法；第四段总结观点。即“总-分-总”结构，对应①/②③/④。 The use of AI companions (伴侣) is growing quickly. Companies offer people AI friends, and many people now use chatbots as someone to talk to. This is not surprising. AI companions offer something that no human relationship can—intimacy (亲密关系) without risk. They never blame you for a bad day. They don’t get angry. And they don’t judge you. They listen patiently and seem to always understand you. This lack of friction (摩擦) is attractive, because real human relationships are hard. In real life, people often misunderstand each other. We may argue, or even hurt each other. These experiences are not pleasant, but they are unavoidable. That is why many people are attracted to AI — it seems to offer all the good parts of a relationship without the difficult ones. However, this “perfect” experience may not be good for us. According to the psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott, a parent who always meets their child’s every need perfectly doesn’t produce a thriving child; they produce a dependent one. Children do not grow well in a perfectly frictionless environment. It is small, manageable failures that actually help children learn patience and become stronger. Similarly, we also need imperfect relationships to grow. When we only choose easy and comfortable connections, we may stop developing important skills. For example, we may become less able to deal with stress, accept different opinions, or control our emotions. AI provides a “perfect” relationship with no arguments or discomfort, but it removes the friction that helps us improve. More importantly, new ideas and creativity often come from disagreement and challenge. When everything runs smoothly without any friction, people may not try to think deeper or do better. While AI can be asked to challenge us, that’s friction on demand (需要)—friction we can control and we can always stop when we feel uncomfortable. Real creative friction is different. It’s from a mind that sees things another way. We can’t control or stop it especially when an idea has its weakness exposed. It forces us to rethink. So what meaningful steps can we take to protect the friction? First, we can start by noticing when you turn to AI just for comfort. Also, instead of avoiding difficult conversations, learn to stay with them. Ask others for honest opinions and really listen. Finally, keep at least one relationship fully human. AI can simulate (模拟) friendship, but it cannot replace real human relationships. Though imperfect, real human relationships are where growth happens — through friction. To replace it with comfort would be a great loss. 19．How does the writer explain why many people are attracted to AI in Paragraph 2? A．By describing the pleasant experiences with AI. B．By comparing AI with real human relationships. C．By telling a story of using chatbots as friends. D．By introducing the popularity of AI companions. 20．The word “thriving” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A．strictly following all rules B．always depending on others C．willing to try new things D．able to stand on one’s own feet 21．According to the passage, what is a good example of real creative friction? A．Ask AI for new ideas but stop when upset. B．Read articles that agree with you. C．Talk to a friend who finds your mistakes. D．Use chatbots to fix your ideas nicely. 22．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to develop real human relationships. B．To show the advantages of AI companions in daily life. C．To teach children how to become more independent. D．To advise people to use AI companions wisely. 【答案】23．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文介绍人工智能伴侣的流行原因，分析其弊端，强调真实人际摩擦对成长与创造力的重要性。 24．第二段说明：“AI companions offer something that no human relationship can — intimacy without risk”，作者先阐述人工智能伴侣无争执、善倾听、无矛盾的特点，再对比现实人际关系易误会、易争吵、易彼此伤害的现状，通过两者对比解释人们被人工智能吸引的缘由。 25．第三段说明：“a parent who always meets their child’s every need perfectly doesn’t produce a thriving child; they produce a dependent one”，句中把“thriving child”和“dependent one”形成正反对比，dependent表示“依赖他人的”，可推知thriving有“独立自强、能够自立”的含义。 26．第五段介绍：“Real creative friction is different. It’s from a mind that sees things another way...It forces us to rethink”，真正具有创造性的思想碰撞来自视角不同、能指出自身不足并促使人反思的真实人际交流。 27．最后一段归纳主旨：“AI can simulate friendship, but it cannot replace real human relationships. Though imperfect, real human relationships are where growth happens — through friction”，作者全文论证人工智能伴侣无法替代真实人际关系，呼吁人们珍惜并用心经营真实的人际情感。 The book I read is called The Anxious Generation. It was written by Jonathan Haidt, who studies how people think and act. The book talks about the problems that young people are facing, especially since the early 2010s. It believes that they are caused by a big social change — childhood is now spent more on phones and social media. Without a smartphone, learning things online may become very difficult. When it comes to how to write a movie review or how to design a smart game machine, if you try to find the information in a public library, it will take a lot of time and effort to find the books. But social media is like air. It’s everywhere and easy to get useful information. Although social media is much needed, after reading The Anxious Generation, I started to think about its problems. One clear thing is that social media information has little depth (深度). It can be called “digital fast food”. ________. How to balance the good and bad sides of using social media requires smart ways. On the one hand, the good points of social media, such as its speed and convenience and its power to help people communicate better, should be kept. On the other hand, social media information should be made deeper. Dealing with this question is like building a wall in a river. A good wall lets the river flow freely but stops it from flooding, while also giving water to the farms. 28．What is mentioned in Paragraph 1 about the book? A．The writer’s experience. B．The type of the book. C．Young people’s dreams. D．The reason for the problems. 29．What does the writer think of finding books in public libraries? A．It is easy and fast. B．It is slow and takes effort. C．It is popular and fun. D．It is slow and costs much. 30．Which sentence can be put in “________”? A．This can be bad for young people’s health. B．This can be good for young people’s learning. C．This can help young people save a lot of time. D．This can be harmful to young people’s thinking. 31．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The book The Anxious Generation is written for parents to read. B．Social media information is very easy to get and has great depth. C．The writer thinks we should keep the good sides of social media. D．The writer believes there is no need to use social media or phones. 32．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To share the wise ways of using social media. B．To show the rapid development of social media. C．To introduce the harmful effects of social media. D．To discuss the importance of using social media. 【答案】33．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲了作者在阅读《焦虑的一代》之后，对社交媒体的看法。 34．根据第一段“The book talks about the problems that young people are facing, especially since the early 2010s. It believes that they are caused by a big social change—childhood is now spent more on phones and social media.”可知，书中提到年轻人面临的问题以及问题产生的原因是童年更多地花在手机和社交媒体上，所以第一段提到了问题产生的原因。 35．根据第二段“When it comes to how to write a movie review or how to design a smart game machine, if you try to find the information in a public library, it will take a lot of time and effort to find the books.”可知，作者对在公共图书馆找书很慢，需要付出努力。 36．根据第三段“One clear thing is that social media information has little depth.”可知，这对年轻人的思维有害。 37．根据最后一段“How to balance the good and bad sides of using social media requires smart ways on the one hand, the good points of social media, such as its speed and convenience and its power to help people communicate better, should be kept.”可知，作者认为我们应该保留社交媒体好的一面。 38．本文主要讲了作者在阅读《焦虑的一代》之后，对社交媒体的看法，所以这篇文章的目的是分享使用社交媒体的明智方法。 Many families in China have bought smartwatches for children to get in touch and stay safe. However, these devices (设备) have also caused many problems. To begin with, smartwatches take students’ attention away from learning. Like smartphones, these devices come with social features (功能), such as posting photos. Some students say they will not stay friends if their classmates don’t“like” their posts. Others talk to strangers through their smartwatches, which can be dangerous. At the same time, smartwatch makers keep producing new models to attract the kids. This has led to a culture of comparison, where some students wrongly believe that having the newest watch makes them cooler. Smartwatches have also made children more likely to be bullied. Some kids learn bad words from games or videos on these devices and use them to make fun of others. What’s more, the small screens of smartwatches can hurt children’s eyes. To help, experts suggest that the government should set new rules to limit (限制) the features of smartwatches. At the same time, teachers and parents are questioning whether smartwatches are really needed. Kids already have enough time to talk face-to-face and play together at school. In emergencies, students can use school landline phones or ask teachers for help. 39．What have the new models of watches caused? A．Cooler performance at school. B．Safer communication for students. C．Kids’ comparison with each other. D．Fewer friends with similar hobbies. 40．What does the underlined word “them” refer to? A．The bad words. B．The newest watches. C．The small screens. D．The games and videos. 41．Which of the following can show the structure (结构) of the text? (①=Paragraph 1, …) A．①/②③④⑤ B．①/②③④/⑤ C．①/②③/④⑤ D．①②/③④/⑤ 【答案】42．C 2．A 3．B 【导语】本文讨论了儿童智能手表带来的问题，包括分散注意力、引发攀比、增加欺凌风险以及伤害视力，并提出了专家建议。 43．第三段指出：“smartwatch makers keep producing new models...This has led to a culture of comparison”，说明新款手表导致了孩子之间的攀比。 44．第四段中“them”所在句为：“Some kids learn bad words from games or videos on these devices and use them to make fun of others.”，因此“them”指代前文的“bad words”。 45．文章结构为：第一段引出问题，第二至四段分别介绍三种问题，第五段提出建议，符合“①/②③④/⑤”的结构。 We can’t remember clearly when we started to take our mobiles to a dinner table. This happens a lot, especially when we eat out. Once a dish comes, instead of lifting our chopsticks, we take out our mobiles and click. Later, we post the photos onto Weibo or WeChat, waiting to be “liked”. Then we check our mobiles from time to time during the meal, to see whether we get “liked” or not. We just cannot leave our mobiles for only a meal. Does that sound familiar to you? Do you do that often? If not, how do you feel when others do that when having dinner with you? A recent study suggests that what we are used to doing is not so good. Spending time taking photos of food makes the food less pleasant. To test this, some researchers did an experiment. Some people were asked to take photos before they could enjoy food. As a result, it showed that the more photos they took, ▲ So, why not stop taking photos and just enjoy the food in front of you? Besides the scientific result, there are also some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals. After posting the photos onto the Internet, one will not be able to control himself and check his mobile many times. “Does everyone like my photos? I hope a lot of people like them!” It seems that your mobile secretly calls your name all the time even when you are with real people. So, next time you go out to have dinner with your family or friends, how about not taking photos of food? Let the food be delicious as it is and share your life with people around you. Trust me, and it will be a wonderful time. 46．Which of the following can be put in the “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 3? A．the less cheerful they became. B．the less delicious the food seemed to them. C．the more interested they were in the food. D．the more "liked” they got on Weibo or WeChat. 47．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The reasons for checking your mobiles. B．The ways of posting the photos onto the Internet. C．Some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals. D．The tips of making others like your photos on Weibo or WeChat. 48．What does the writer use to support his point in the passage? A．Description of stories. B．The study and scientific facts. C．Other people's ideas. D．The readers’ experiences. 49．What can we learn from the passage? A．Take photos of food in order to have a wonderful life. B．Take photos of delicious food and share them with others. C．Remember to have dinner with our family and friends at home. D．Enjoy life with people around us instead of taking photos of food. 【答案】50．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章针对人们在餐桌上给食物拍照并上传社交媒体的普遍现象进行了讨论。 51．根据第三段第二句“Spending time taking photos of food makes the food less pleasant.”（花时间给食物拍照会让食物变得不那么令人愉快。）可知，拍照这一行为会削弱进食的愉悦感。选项 B “the less delicious the food seemed to them”（食物在他们看来就越不美味）符合上下文逻辑。 52．第四段的第一句“Besides the scientific result, there are also some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals.”是该段的主题句。选项 C “Some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals”（餐前给食物拍照的一些其他不良影响）。 53．第三段明确提到了“A recent study suggests...”（最近的一项研究表明……）以及研究人员进行的实验（“some researchers did an experiment...”），用实验数据证明拍照影响味觉；第四段分析了心理层面的影响。 54．最后一段总结全文并提出建议：“Let the food be delicious as it is and share your life with people around you.”（让食物保持它原本的美味，并与你周围的人分享你的生活。），选项D最能体现文章的主旨。 55．①Have you ever thought about what’s more important, looking fashionable or feeling comfortable? You might have noticed many people choosing style over comfort and some even go to extremes (极端) to follow fashion. But we should remember: being fashionable isn’t everything. It’s more important to be healthy. ②Some people believe that they need to be a certain size to look good. So, they start extreme diets (日常饮食) that are not good for their health. They might not eat meals or eat too little, which can make them feel sick. Is it a healthy way to live? ③Also, many girls wear shoes with very high heels. They might think high heels make them look taller. But these shoes can actually hurt their feet and make it hard to walk comfortably, and it can increase risks of falls. Some even wear tight (紧的) clothes that influence blood circulation (循环) making it hard to breathe. Should we put fashion over comfort and physical health? ④Besides, some boys and girls spend a lot of time and money changing their hair color. The material they use is usually harmful to their health. To make their hair straight or curly, they also use tools that are hot enough to burn their hair. But using these tools too often or at very high temperatures can make the hair dry or even burnt. Is it really worth it to risk our health, spending so much time and money? ⑤So, let’s rethink what’s really important. Is it fashion or is it our well-being? Clothes or hairstyles don’t tell us anything about a person’s character. Instead of spending a lot of time choosing clothes, we could use that time to do fun things with friends. And instead of following extreme diets, let’s eat properly and exercise regularly. Remember, your worth is not decided by your appearance, but by who you are as a person. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】A 【详解】文章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出本文的主题，第二段到第四段介绍人们为了追求时尚的一些不健康生活方式；第五段是总结，故选A。 Did you know that humans haven’t walked on the moon surface (月球表面) since 1972? People are planning to send astronauts to the moon again, and finally to the Mars. The long-term space travel is possible in the near future. But it is dangerous. We have plenty of technology for safely exploring (探索) space. Do we really need to send people? Here are some students’ opinions. We still need to send humans into space. If we don’t solve the problem of climate change, the planet could become unfit to live in. we need to find out whether living on Mars is possible. The robotic mission (使命) is to send back a lot of information. But it won’t be enough to help us understand how we would fare on another planet. —Elisha Lee, 11, Wilmette, Illinois. As a future engineer, I believe in space technology. Robots can stay in space longer and robots’ lives are not at risk. They could stay on the moon or Mars for many years, doing research, with no danger to human life. —Lino Marrero, 15, Frisco. Texas. Humans should continue going to space. Robots can collect information, but they can’t respond (回应) like humans in all situations. We couldn’t depend on them to develop an area that would be dangerous for humans. —Kellen Bhatt, 11, Alpharetta, Georgia. We should not send humans into space, at least not now. Sending humans into space needs a lot of money. The same money could be used for solving problems on Earth. I’m not saying that space exploration should never happen. But for now, we should focus on dealing with the problems we have on Earth. —Samira Horton, 13, Brooklyn, New York. 56．Who might be against sending people to explore space? A．Elisha Lee and Kellen Bhatt. B．Lino Marrero and Samira Horton. C．Elisha Lee and Lino Marrero. D．Kellen Bhatt and Samira Horton. 57．What does Elisha Lee agree agree? A．Sending humans into space is still necessary. B．Robots will solve the problem of climate change. C．It is possible for humans to live on Mars. D．The problem of climate change is not serious. 58．What’s the correct structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 59．Where can we read the passage? A．In a weather report. B．In an instruction book. C．In a newspaper interview. D．In a gardening magazine. 【答案】60．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了四位学生关于是否应该继续派人探索太空的不同观点。 61．Lino Marrero认为“Robots can stay in space longer...with no danger to human life”，反对派人去太空；Samira Horton认为“We should not send humans into space, at least not now”，也反对派人去太空。因此两人持反对态度。 62．Elisha Lee在第一段观点中明确提到“We still need to send humans into space”，认为派人去太空仍然是必要的。 63．文章第一段引入话题并提出问题“Do we really need to send people?”，随后分别列出四位学生的不同观点（第二至五段）。因此结构为①/②③④⑤。 64．本文呈现了四位学生对同一问题的不同看法，属于观点讨论类内容，最有可能出现在报纸的访谈或读者来论栏目中。 Success is often considered to be the opposite of failure. To teenagers, it is the achievement of a goal or completion of something they really need, such as good grades and the ability to get along well with their classmates. Some schools used to agree with most parents who measured (判定) the success of their children according to grades, but now they pay special attention to moral (道德的) education and character building to make sure teenagers achieve success. Schools give chances to students to discover their hidden ability so that they can enjoy some form of success. For example, those good at speaking skills are advised to take part in speech competitions while those interested in arts are expected to perform in front of their classmates. Teenagers also get the pleasure of success when they join their favorite clubs. Teenagers are often told that success is not easy to achieve and that success lies in hard work. Great efforts have to be put into project work. Doing things much later than planned should be avoided as this will lead to a mountain of work which finally makes them nervous. Another good quality (品质) is sense of responsibility which makes them remember that a task has to be completed. Sticking to moral values is the key to success too. Honest teenagers will win the trust of friends, leading to good relationships. Self–motivation (自我激励) is another quality to be developed, for self-motivated teenagers will have the strong will and drive to perform a task and finally get to enjoy a sense of achievement. 65．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Some classmates. B．Some schools. C．Most parents. D．Most children. 66．Why are students given chances to take part in activities? A．To get good grades. B．To improve speaking ability. C．To get the pleasure of success. D．To express their love for arts. 67．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Project work makes teenagers nervous. B．Good qualities will lead to a happy life. C．Teenagers are advised to complete tasks in time. D．Taking responsibility will make work much easier. 68．What would be the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． 69．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Value of Moral Education. B．The Key to Discovering Hidden Ability. C．The Way to Communicate with Others. D．The Meaning of Success to Teenagers. 【答案】70．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了青少年眼中成功的含义，以及获得成功的途径、所需的优秀品质与个人内在修养。 71．文中第一段提到“Some schools used to agree with most parents who measured the success of their children according to grades, but now they pay special attention to moral education and character building”，结合前文指代关系，they指代一些学校。 72．文中第二段提到“Schools give chances to students to discover their hidden ability so that they can enjoy some form of success”，说明学校给学生参与活动的机会，是为了让学生收获成功、获得成功的愉悦感。 73．文中第三段提到“Doing things much later than planned should be avoided”，说明文章建议青少年要按时、及时完成任务，不要拖延。 74．文章第一段总述成功的定义与青少年成功的评判标准，第二、三、四段分别从发掘潜能、优秀品质、道德修养三个并列角度展开论述，是总分结构，对应选项A。 75．全文围绕成功对于青少年的意义、如何收获成功展开论述，最合适的标题是“成功对于青少年的意义”。 Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and, on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species (物种). Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle (斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our wildest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt (适应), progress and raise itself above and beyond other species. Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting. It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons (武器) is related to that adaptation-from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied. The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what's in our blood. Just as snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people of the same times or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speaks that language. 76．Why are nature and culture often seen as opposite ideas? A．Because human activities make nature instead of culture. B．Because it seems cultural development is achieved against nature. C．Because people think the development of humans is friendly to nature. D．Because human species always take a natural effort to develop. 77．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Culture belongs to human nature. B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt. C．Humans are supposed to be well organized. D．Education pushes the human species to progress. 78．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3? A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits. B．To stress the importance of tools in humans' struggle for life. C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment. D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons. 79．What does the word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．System. B．Spread. C．Start. D．Spirit. 【答案】80．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文围绕自然与文化的关系展开，反驳了二者对立的传统观点，并提出了二者紧密关联、相辅相成的理念。 81．文章首先提出自然和文化是相互对立的观点，接着说出形成这一观点的原因“cultural development is achieved against nature”，以此来对上面的问题进行解释说明。 82．第二段的核心句“Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our wildest natures…”，选项D中“Education pushes the human species to progress.”则精准概括了段落主旨“教育借助文化以改造人性、推动人类进步”，这是对段落内容的高度凝练。 83．第三段开头指出“the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation.”文化的形成是生物适应的一部分，接着后文通过举例，进一步对其进行论证，与选项C中的内容完全符合。 84．后文直接用“However, culture is also passed on among … ”的内容，以及一些具体实例，解释了文化可以再不同人群中进行传播，其中“transmission”和“passed on”相互对应，所以其也应具有“文化传递、传播”的含义。 It was dark outside, a late afternoon in the winter of 1981. As I did each week during my last year of graduate school, I was sitting with my thesis (论文) director, the poet James Dickey. I remember that particular meeting because of one ill-chosen word. In a poem that was otherwise finished, a single adjective was clearly wrong. We batted alternatives back and forth across the desk, but none was right. Hours later, while I was washing the cups at ten o’clock, the right word surfaced: pale. Without pausing to weigh the hour, I called my professor and said, “The word is ‘pale’.” Mr. Dickey was overjoyed about that word, every bit as delighted as I was. If only for a moment, the world made a kind of sense it hadn’t made before. I had not thought about that phone call, much less that poem, in many years, but I’ve begun to think about it often. Nowadays, “AI assistants” have suddenly colonized (征服) my documents. They appear out of nowhere, like fruit flies around an overripe banana. In this brave new world, the search for a word like “pale” has been outsourced to a robot that will never suggest such a word. The yoking of unlikely adjective and noun is still, for now, the province of unwetted poets. I have spent hours trying to kill these ghosts in my machine. In some cases, I can’t turn it off at all. The writing teachers I know struggle to persuade their students not to use these tools. They are everywhere now. Who could blame a young writer for wondering how using these “assistants” is any different from using spell check or letting AI supply the next word in a text? Besides, if they don’t use these tools, won’t they be falling behind the many students who do? Who was it who first said, “I don’t know what I think until I see what I write”? Versions of this statement have been attributed (具有……特质) to writers as various as Joan Didion, William Faulkner, and Stephen. In I, Robot, the 2004 film loosely inspired by Isaac Asimov’s classic sci-fi novel, one robot has feelings. It learns to solve problems with human creativity. And with those attributes come the questions raised by being human. Twenty-six minutes into the film, the robot asks, plaintively, “What am I?” This is a question writers ask every day. 85．The author suggests the AI tools are ______. A．intended to substitute for teachers’ judgment B．ideal for choosing rare and unlikely adjectives C．suitable for drafting poems with impactful imagery D．helpful for routine messages yet limited for discovery 86．What does the word “yoking” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Explaining. B．Comparing. C．Joining. D．Describing. 87．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．I, Human B．A Word, A World C．I, Robot D．A Student, A Professor 【答案】88．D 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了作者回忆当年和教授推敲诗歌用词的经历，对比如今AI辅助写作的现状，探讨了人类写作中寻找精准词汇的独特性，以及AI工具的局限性。 89．根据第三段“Nowadays, ‘AI assistants’ have suddenly colonized (征服) my documents ... the search for a word like ‘pale’ has been outsourced to a robot that will never suggest such a word... the yoking of unlikely adjective and noun is still, for now, the province of unwetted poets”提到AI被广泛用于文本写作，但作者强调，像“pale”这类充满个人体验和创造性的词，AI永远无法生成；而将不寻常的形容词与名词结合的创造性搭配，仍是人类诗人的专利；结合第四段“They are everywhere now. Who could blame a young writer for wondering how using these ‘assistants’ is any different from using spell check or letting AI supply the next word in a text?”可知，学生常将AI用于拼写检查、文本补词这类常规用途。这说明AI在常规、机械的文本处理上有帮助，但在需要创造性发现、捕捉独特表达的任务上存在局限，对应D项表达。 90．第三段划线词的上文提到“the search for a word like ‘pale’ has been outsourced to a robot that will never suggest such a word. ”作者为诗歌找到恰当形容词搭配的经历可知，此处指“把不常规搭配的形容词和名词结合在一起”，yoking的含义与选项Joining（结合）一致。 91．文章结尾引用电影《I, Robot》中机器人的台词 “What am I?”，并点明这也是作家们每天都会问的问题，强调了人类创作的本质是对自我与存在的探索。全文围绕 “AI 与人类创作的区别” 展开，突出 “人类创作的独特性”。I, Human（我，人类）呼应了电影标题，也点明了文章的核心 —— 人类创作的本质； B、D 仅对应文中的局部细节，无法概括全文主旨； C：电影《I, Robot》只是文中的例子，并非文章主题。 Fear of failure is one of the most common emotions that hold people back from running after their dreams, which prevents them from taking risks and trying new things. The fear of being seen as a failure often drives people to stay within their comfort zones. It is human nature to feel afraid of failure, but letting this fear control us can limit our growth greatly. When we understand and accept failure’s role in our journey, we can face challenges with a more positive attitude, and gain wisdom from our experiences. Viewing failure as a learning opportunity can lead to profound personal growth and development. Instead of feeling discouraged when things go wrong, we can choose to view setbacks as necessary steps toward success. This mindset shift is important for building resilience (韧性) —it empowers us to see difficulties as lessons to learn from, not barriers (阻碍) to stop us. Building resilience through failure is a key part of growing into a capable person. It actually offers valuable chances to reflect and improve. When we use failure as a catalyst (催化剂) for career growth, we learn to adapt to change, stick to our goals through hard times, and find new paths to what we want to achieve. This way of thinking gives us the strength and resolve to overcome life’s difficulties. Failure also helps improve our creativity and problem-solving skills. When we accept that failure is a natural part of learning, we open our minds to new ideas and possibilities. This encourages us to think outside the box, test new ways, and expand our abilities. Adapting to failure to get better results leads to innovation (创新) and growth, turning our mistakes into meaningful lessons. The journey of embracing (拥抱) failure is exemplified by real-life examples, both of individuals and companies. Successful individuals often say their achievements come directly from the lessons they learned from past mistakes. Similarly, innovative companies that have grown big usually have a history of conquering many setbacks. These examples prove that embracing failure can lead to amazing growth and success. To truly gain from failure, we need simple, actionable plans. First, create a safe space where it’s okay to take risks and make mistakes—this lets us try new things without fear. Second, take time to analyze (分析) what went wrong and figure out how to avoid similar mistakes later. Most importantly, choose a growth mindset: see setbacks as chances to learn, not as proof of our limits. In the end, embracing failure is important for both personal and career growth. With a positive attitude toward failure, we can overcome challenges, learn valuable lessons, and build a more successful and fulfilling life. 92．According to the passage, which is a good way to face failures? A．Avoiding taking any risks to prevent mistakes. B．Viewing failures as barriers when things go wrong. C．Analyzing what caused the failures to avoid repeating them. D．Staying in the comfort zones to stop moving forward. 93．What are Paragraphs 3-4 mainly talking about? A．New findings in building resilience. B．The rules for finding new paths to success. C．The best solutions to life’s problems. D．The role of failure in personal growth. 94．What does the word “conquering” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Getting through. B．Staying away from. C．Finding out. D．Giving up. 95．What does the writer want to tell us? A．People should avoid failures in order to achieve success. B．People should turn failures into growth opportunities. C．People should accept failures to take more risks. D．People should be in a safe place to avoid making mistakes. 【答案】96．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了恐惧失败对人的阻碍，以及拥抱失败的重要意义，阐述了失败在个人成长、韧性培养、创造力提升等方面的作用，并给出了从失败中获益的具体方法，告诉人们应将失败转化为成长的机会。 97．文章第六段指出“Second, take time to analyze what went wrong and figure out how to avoid similar mistakes later.”，说明面对失败的一个好方法是分析失败的原因，避免再次犯类似的错误。 98．第三段主要讲了通过失败培养韧性是成长为有能力的人的关键部分，失败能提供反思和改进的机会，助力职业成长；第四段主要讲了失败有助于提高创造力和解决问题的能力，能让人开放思维、尝试新方法。两段均围绕“失败在个人成长中的作用”展开。 99．文章第五段提到“Successful individuals often say their achievements come directly from the lessons they learned from past mistakes. Similarly, innovative companies that have grown big usually have a history of conquering many setbacks.”，结合语境可知，成功的个人从过去的错误中学习，同样，发展壮大的创新公司通常也有克服许多挫折的历史。由此可推测“conquering”意为“克服、度过”。 100．文章开篇点明恐惧失败会阻碍人们追求梦想，随后阐述了将失败视为学习机会能促进个人成长、培养韧性、提升创造力，还给出了从失败中获益的方法，结尾总结拥抱失败对个人和职业成长都很重要。整体核心是告诉人们应该将失败转化为成长的机会。 试卷第20页，共21页 试卷第21页，共21页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 阅读理解议论文 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、阅读理解 Our culture is the system we use to build our identity (身份). All living creatures are part of a culture. Even animals have a culture! So what is culture? It’s the way we behave in a group. It begins with each individual family. Within our families we do things to build relationships with each other. This can include routines for doing things. It also includes traditions. Traditions are activities that are repeated on a regular basis. Culture is not limited to individual family groups. The real strength of culture is in larger community groups. These larger groups are called societies. Every society makes rules for itself. It decides how people should act in different situations. Some of these rules are written down. Some are just things that are automatically expected of all members of that society. Often, cultures can be identified by what the people believe. Cultures are also known by what they choose to include in their art. Sometimes a society forms around people who speak the same language. Cultures may also be known for their customs, including the foods they make and the things they do. Our cultures help us understand who we are and what we believe. There are very strong emotions connecting us to our own society. Two different cultures may disagree on something, especially if they both feel strongly about it. When that happens, war is a common result. People are learning better ways to communicate. The more we learn, the more we understand the differences in cultures. 1．Why does the author say “Even animals have a culture!”? A．To start an opinion. B．To give an example. C．To set up a mystery. D．To make a comparison. 2．According to the passage, where does culture begin? A．The family. B．The society. C．The animal. D．The war. 3．What is the main purpose of Para. 3? A．To explain how to write rules for a new society. B．To show that food is an important part of customs. C．To encourage people to join larger community groups. D．To explain what culture is and how it is expressed in societies. 4．Why do wars sometimes begin between cultures? A．Because of the unwritten rules. B．Because of the strong disagreement. C．Because of the poor communication. D．Because of the unexpected emotion. 5．What can we get from the passage? A．It is impossible for different cultures to agree. B．Animals and humans have the same kind of culture. C．Learning more helps us understand cultural differences. D．Communication is the only way to build a new identity. Nowadays, some young people like to treat themselves in a way that goes beyond the budget, such as having a very expensive dinner to make themselves feel good. What do you think of this kind of lifestyle? Some people think this lifestyle is bad because it doesn’t consider the future. First, short-lived happiness may stop us from working hard. When we spend too much time playing games or shopping, we might fall behind those who are working to improve themselves. Besides, avoiding challenges can make it hard to face difficult situations in the future. If we only do what makes us happy, it may be hard to achieve anything meaningful. But others can see it in a positive way. Doing small things like drinking milk tea after a test, watching funny videos, or participating in other sports activities can help them feel better. These moments of joy help them face new challenges. After all, isn’t finding light in the darkness a form of wisdom? In short, views on this lifestyle are different. The key may be to balance living in the moment and planning ahead. Face difficulties with courage and take on the responsibilities that come with being a young person today. 12．Why do some people think the lifestyle of treating themselves beyond budget is bad? A．Because it brings too much happiness. B．Because it helps them face new challenges. C．Because it might stop them from working hard. D．Because it is a form of wisdom. 13．Which example shows that some people find joy in a positive way? A．Eating a very expensive dinner alone. B．Drinking milk tea after a test. C．Avoiding challenges in daily life. D．Planning ahead for the future. 14．What is the structure of the text? A．①/②③④ B．①②/③④ C．①②③/④ D．①/②③/④ The use of AI companions (伴侣) is growing quickly. Companies offer people AI friends, and many people now use chatbots as someone to talk to. This is not surprising. AI companions offer something that no human relationship can—intimacy (亲密关系) without risk. They never blame you for a bad day. They don’t get angry. And they don’t judge you. They listen patiently and seem to always understand you. This lack of friction (摩擦) is attractive, because real human relationships are hard. In real life, people often misunderstand each other. We may argue, or even hurt each other. These experiences are not pleasant, but they are unavoidable. That is why many people are attracted to AI — it seems to offer all the good parts of a relationship without the difficult ones. However, this “perfect” experience may not be good for us. According to the psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott, a parent who always meets their child’s every need perfectly doesn’t produce a thriving child; they produce a dependent one. Children do not grow well in a perfectly frictionless environment. It is small, manageable failures that actually help children learn patience and become stronger. Similarly, we also need imperfect relationships to grow. When we only choose easy and comfortable connections, we may stop developing important skills. For example, we may become less able to deal with stress, accept different opinions, or control our emotions. AI provides a “perfect” relationship with no arguments or discomfort, but it removes the friction that helps us improve. More importantly, new ideas and creativity often come from disagreement and challenge. When everything runs smoothly without any friction, people may not try to think deeper or do better. While AI can be asked to challenge us, that’s friction on demand (需要)—friction we can control and we can always stop when we feel uncomfortable. Real creative friction is different. It’s from a mind that sees things another way. We can’t control or stop it especially when an idea has its weakness exposed. It forces us to rethink. So what meaningful steps can we take to protect the friction? First, we can start by noticing when you turn to AI just for comfort. Also, instead of avoiding difficult conversations, learn to stay with them. Ask others for honest opinions and really listen. Finally, keep at least one relationship fully human. AI can simulate (模拟) friendship, but it cannot replace real human relationships. Though imperfect, real human relationships are where growth happens — through friction. To replace it with comfort would be a great loss. 19．How does the writer explain why many people are attracted to AI in Paragraph 2? A．By describing the pleasant experiences with AI. B．By comparing AI with real human relationships. C．By telling a story of using chatbots as friends. D．By introducing the popularity of AI companions. 20．The word “thriving” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A．strictly following all rules B．always depending on others C．willing to try new things D．able to stand on one’s own feet 21．According to the passage, what is a good example of real creative friction? A．Ask AI for new ideas but stop when upset. B．Read articles that agree with you. C．Talk to a friend who finds your mistakes. D．Use chatbots to fix your ideas nicely. 22．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to develop real human relationships. B．To show the advantages of AI companions in daily life. C．To teach children how to become more independent. D．To advise people to use AI companions wisely. The book I read is called The Anxious Generation. It was written by Jonathan Haidt, who studies how people think and act. The book talks about the problems that young people are facing, especially since the early 2010s. It believes that they are caused by a big social change — childhood is now spent more on phones and social media. Without a smartphone, learning things online may become very difficult. When it comes to how to write a movie review or how to design a smart game machine, if you try to find the information in a public library, it will take a lot of time and effort to find the books. But social media is like air. It’s everywhere and easy to get useful information. Although social media is much needed, after reading The Anxious Generation, I started to think about its problems. One clear thing is that social media information has little depth (深度). It can be called “digital fast food”. ________. How to balance the good and bad sides of using social media requires smart ways. On the one hand, the good points of social media, such as its speed and convenience and its power to help people communicate better, should be kept. On the other hand, social media information should be made deeper. Dealing with this question is like building a wall in a river. A good wall lets the river flow freely but stops it from flooding, while also giving water to the farms. 28．What is mentioned in Paragraph 1 about the book? A．The writer’s experience. B．The type of the book. C．Young people’s dreams. D．The reason for the problems. 29．What does the writer think of finding books in public libraries? A．It is easy and fast. B．It is slow and takes effort. C．It is popular and fun. D．It is slow and costs much. 30．Which sentence can be put in “________”? A．This can be bad for young people’s health. B．This can be good for young people’s learning. C．This can help young people save a lot of time. D．This can be harmful to young people’s thinking. 31．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The book The Anxious Generation is written for parents to read. B．Social media information is very easy to get and has great depth. C．The writer thinks we should keep the good sides of social media. D．The writer believes there is no need to use social media or phones. 32．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To share the wise ways of using social media. B．To show the rapid development of social media. C．To introduce the harmful effects of social media. D．To discuss the importance of using social media. Many families in China have bought smartwatches for children to get in touch and stay safe. However, these devices (设备) have also caused many problems. To begin with, smartwatches take students’ attention away from learning. Like smartphones, these devices come with social features (功能), such as posting photos. Some students say they will not stay friends if their classmates don’t“like” their posts. Others talk to strangers through their smartwatches, which can be dangerous. At the same time, smartwatch makers keep producing new models to attract the kids. This has led to a culture of comparison, where some students wrongly believe that having the newest watch makes them cooler. Smartwatches have also made children more likely to be bullied. Some kids learn bad words from games or videos on these devices and use them to make fun of others. What’s more, the small screens of smartwatches can hurt children’s eyes. To help, experts suggest that the government should set new rules to limit (限制) the features of smartwatches. At the same time, teachers and parents are questioning whether smartwatches are really needed. Kids already have enough time to talk face-to-face and play together at school. In emergencies, students can use school landline phones or ask teachers for help. 39．What have the new models of watches caused? A．Cooler performance at school. B．Safer communication for students. C．Kids’ comparison with each other. D．Fewer friends with similar hobbies. 40．What does the underlined word “them” refer to? A．The bad words. B．The newest watches. C．The small screens. D．The games and videos. 41．Which of the following can show the structure (结构) of the text? (①=Paragraph 1, …) A．①/②③④⑤ B．①/②③④/⑤ C．①/②③/④⑤ D．①②/③④/⑤ We can’t remember clearly when we started to take our mobiles to a dinner table. This happens a lot, especially when we eat out. Once a dish comes, instead of lifting our chopsticks, we take out our mobiles and click. Later, we post the photos onto Weibo or WeChat, waiting to be “liked”. Then we check our mobiles from time to time during the meal, to see whether we get “liked” or not. We just cannot leave our mobiles for only a meal. Does that sound familiar to you? Do you do that often? If not, how do you feel when others do that when having dinner with you? A recent study suggests that what we are used to doing is not so good. Spending time taking photos of food makes the food less pleasant. To test this, some researchers did an experiment. Some people were asked to take photos before they could enjoy food. As a result, it showed that the more photos they took, ▲ So, why not stop taking photos and just enjoy the food in front of you? Besides the scientific result, there are also some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals. After posting the photos onto the Internet, one will not be able to control himself and check his mobile many times. “Does everyone like my photos? I hope a lot of people like them!” It seems that your mobile secretly calls your name all the time even when you are with real people. So, next time you go out to have dinner with your family or friends, how about not taking photos of food? Let the food be delicious as it is and share your life with people around you. Trust me, and it will be a wonderful time. 46．Which of the following can be put in the “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 3? A．the less cheerful they became. B．the less delicious the food seemed to them. C．the more interested they were in the food. D．the more "liked” they got on Weibo or WeChat. 47．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The reasons for checking your mobiles. B．The ways of posting the photos onto the Internet. C．Some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals. D．The tips of making others like your photos on Weibo or WeChat. 48．What does the writer use to support his point in the passage? A．Description of stories. B．The study and scientific facts. C．Other people's ideas. D．The readers’ experiences. 49．What can we learn from the passage? A．Take photos of food in order to have a wonderful life. B．Take photos of delicious food and share them with others. C．Remember to have dinner with our family and friends at home. D．Enjoy life with people around us instead of taking photos of food. 55．①Have you ever thought about what’s more important, looking fashionable or feeling comfortable? You might have noticed many people choosing style over comfort and some even go to extremes (极端) to follow fashion. But we should remember: being fashionable isn’t everything. It’s more important to be healthy. ②Some people believe that they need to be a certain size to look good. So, they start extreme diets (日常饮食) that are not good for their health. They might not eat meals or eat too little, which can make them feel sick. Is it a healthy way to live? ③Also, many girls wear shoes with very high heels. They might think high heels make them look taller. But these shoes can actually hurt their feet and make it hard to walk comfortably, and it can increase risks of falls. Some even wear tight (紧的) clothes that influence blood circulation (循环) making it hard to breathe. Should we put fashion over comfort and physical health? ④Besides, some boys and girls spend a lot of time and money changing their hair color. The material they use is usually harmful to their health. To make their hair straight or curly, they also use tools that are hot enough to burn their hair. But using these tools too often or at very high temperatures can make the hair dry or even burnt. Is it really worth it to risk our health, spending so much time and money? ⑤So, let’s rethink what’s really important. Is it fashion or is it our well-being? Clothes or hairstyles don’t tell us anything about a person’s character. Instead of spending a lot of time choosing clothes, we could use that time to do fun things with friends. And instead of following extreme diets, let’s eat properly and exercise regularly. Remember, your worth is not decided by your appearance, but by who you are as a person. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． Did you know that humans haven’t walked on the moon surface (月球表面) since 1972? People are planning to send astronauts to the moon again, and finally to the Mars. The long-term space travel is possible in the near future. But it is dangerous. We have plenty of technology for safely exploring (探索) space. Do we really need to send people? Here are some students’ opinions. We still need to send humans into space. If we don’t solve the problem of climate change, the planet could become unfit to live in. we need to find out whether living on Mars is possible. The robotic mission (使命) is to send back a lot of information. But it won’t be enough to help us understand how we would fare on another planet. —Elisha Lee, 11, Wilmette, Illinois. As a future engineer, I believe in space technology. Robots can stay in space longer and robots’ lives are not at risk. They could stay on the moon or Mars for many years, doing research, with no danger to human life. —Lino Marrero, 15, Frisco. Texas. Humans should continue going to space. Robots can collect information, but they can’t respond (回应) like humans in all situations. We couldn’t depend on them to develop an area that would be dangerous for humans. —Kellen Bhatt, 11, Alpharetta, Georgia. We should not send humans into space, at least not now. Sending humans into space needs a lot of money. The same money could be used for solving problems on Earth. I’m not saying that space exploration should never happen. But for now, we should focus on dealing with the problems we have on Earth. —Samira Horton, 13, Brooklyn, New York. 56．Who might be against sending people to explore space? A．Elisha Lee and Kellen Bhatt. B．Lino Marrero and Samira Horton. C．Elisha Lee and Lino Marrero. D．Kellen Bhatt and Samira Horton. 57．What does Elisha Lee agree agree? A．Sending humans into space is still necessary. B．Robots will solve the problem of climate change. C．It is possible for humans to live on Mars. D．The problem of climate change is not serious. 58．What’s the correct structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 59．Where can we read the passage? A．In a weather report. B．In an instruction book. C．In a newspaper interview. D．In a gardening magazine. Success is often considered to be the opposite of failure. To teenagers, it is the achievement of a goal or completion of something they really need, such as good grades and the ability to get along well with their classmates. Some schools used to agree with most parents who measured (判定) the success of their children according to grades, but now they pay special attention to moral (道德的) education and character building to make sure teenagers achieve success. Schools give chances to students to discover their hidden ability so that they can enjoy some form of success. For example, those good at speaking skills are advised to take part in speech competitions while those interested in arts are expected to perform in front of their classmates. Teenagers also get the pleasure of success when they join their favorite clubs. Teenagers are often told that success is not easy to achieve and that success lies in hard work. Great efforts have to be put into project work. Doing things much later than planned should be avoided as this will lead to a mountain of work which finally makes them nervous. Another good quality (品质) is sense of responsibility which makes them remember that a task has to be completed. Sticking to moral values is the key to success too. Honest teenagers will win the trust of friends, leading to good relationships. Self–motivation (自我激励) is another quality to be developed, for self-motivated teenagers will have the strong will and drive to perform a task and finally get to enjoy a sense of achievement. 65．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Some classmates. B．Some schools. C．Most parents. D．Most children. 66．Why are students given chances to take part in activities? A．To get good grades. B．To improve speaking ability. C．To get the pleasure of success. D．To express their love for arts. 67．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Project work makes teenagers nervous. B．Good qualities will lead to a happy life. C．Teenagers are advised to complete tasks in time. D．Taking responsibility will make work much easier. 68．What would be the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． 69．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Value of Moral Education. B．The Key to Discovering Hidden Ability. C．The Way to Communicate with Others. D．The Meaning of Success to Teenagers. Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and, on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species (物种). Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle (斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our wildest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt (适应), progress and raise itself above and beyond other species. Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting. It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons (武器) is related to that adaptation-from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied. The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what's in our blood. Just as snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people of the same times or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speaks that language. 76．Why are nature and culture often seen as opposite ideas? A．Because human activities make nature instead of culture. B．Because it seems cultural development is achieved against nature. C．Because people think the development of humans is friendly to nature. D．Because human species always take a natural effort to develop. 77．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Culture belongs to human nature. B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt. C．Humans are supposed to be well organized. D．Education pushes the human species to progress. 78．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3? A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits. B．To stress the importance of tools in humans' struggle for life. C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment. D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons. 79．What does the word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．System. B．Spread. C．Start. D．Spirit. It was dark outside, a late afternoon in the winter of 1981. As I did each week during my last year of graduate school, I was sitting with my thesis (论文) director, the poet James Dickey. I remember that particular meeting because of one ill-chosen word. In a poem that was otherwise finished, a single adjective was clearly wrong. We batted alternatives back and forth across the desk, but none was right. Hours later, while I was washing the cups at ten o’clock, the right word surfaced: pale. Without pausing to weigh the hour, I called my professor and said, “The word is ‘pale’.” Mr. Dickey was overjoyed about that word, every bit as delighted as I was. If only for a moment, the world made a kind of sense it hadn’t made before. I had not thought about that phone call, much less that poem, in many years, but I’ve begun to think about it often. Nowadays, “AI assistants” have suddenly colonized (征服) my documents. They appear out of nowhere, like fruit flies around an overripe banana. In this brave new world, the search for a word like “pale” has been outsourced to a robot that will never suggest such a word. The yoking of unlikely adjective and noun is still, for now, the province of unwetted poets. I have spent hours trying to kill these ghosts in my machine. In some cases, I can’t turn it off at all. The writing teachers I know struggle to persuade their students not to use these tools. They are everywhere now. Who could blame a young writer for wondering how using these “assistants” is any different from using spell check or letting AI supply the next word in a text? Besides, if they don’t use these tools, won’t they be falling behind the many students who do? Who was it who first said, “I don’t know what I think until I see what I write”? Versions of this statement have been attributed (具有……特质) to writers as various as Joan Didion, William Faulkner, and Stephen. In I, Robot, the 2004 film loosely inspired by Isaac Asimov’s classic sci-fi novel, one robot has feelings. It learns to solve problems with human creativity. And with those attributes come the questions raised by being human. Twenty-six minutes into the film, the robot asks, plaintively, “What am I?” This is a question writers ask every day. 85．The author suggests the AI tools are ______. A．intended to substitute for teachers’ judgment B．ideal for choosing rare and unlikely adjectives C．suitable for drafting poems with impactful imagery D．helpful for routine messages yet limited for discovery 86．What does the word “yoking” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Explaining. B．Comparing. C．Joining. D．Describing. 87．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．I, Human B．A Word, A World C．I, Robot D．A Student, A Professor Fear of failure is one of the most common emotions that hold people back from running after their dreams, which prevents them from taking risks and trying new things. The fear of being seen as a failure often drives people to stay within their comfort zones. It is human nature to feel afraid of failure, but letting this fear control us can limit our growth greatly. When we understand and accept failure’s role in our journey, we can face challenges with a more positive attitude, and gain wisdom from our experiences. Viewing failure as a learning opportunity can lead to profound personal growth and development. Instead of feeling discouraged when things go wrong, we can choose to view setbacks as necessary steps toward success. This mindset shift is important for building resilience (韧性) —it empowers us to see difficulties as lessons to learn from, not barriers (阻碍) to stop us. Building resilience through failure is a key part of growing into a capable person. It actually offers valuable chances to reflect and improve. When we use failure as a catalyst (催化剂) for career growth, we learn to adapt to change, stick to our goals through hard times, and find new paths to what we want to achieve. This way of thinking gives us the strength and resolve to overcome life’s difficulties. Failure also helps improve our creativity and problem-solving skills. When we accept that failure is a natural part of learning, we open our minds to new ideas and possibilities. This encourages us to think outside the box, test new ways, and expand our abilities. Adapting to failure to get better results leads to innovation (创新) and growth, turning our mistakes into meaningful lessons. The journey of embracing (拥抱) failure is exemplified by real-life examples, both of individuals and companies. Successful individuals often say their achievements come directly from the lessons they learned from past mistakes. Similarly, innovative companies that have grown big usually have a history of conquering many setbacks. These examples prove that embracing failure can lead to amazing growth and success. To truly gain from failure, we need simple, actionable plans. First, create a safe space where it’s okay to take risks and make mistakes—this lets us try new things without fear. Second, take time to analyze (分析) what went wrong and figure out how to avoid similar mistakes later. Most importantly, choose a growth mindset: see setbacks as chances to learn, not as proof of our limits. In the end, embracing failure is important for both personal and career growth. With a positive attitude toward failure, we can overcome challenges, learn valuable lessons, and build a more successful and fulfilling life. 92．According to the passage, which is a good way to face failures? A．Avoiding taking any risks to prevent mistakes. B．Viewing failures as barriers when things go wrong. C．Analyzing what caused the failures to avoid repeating them. D．Staying in the comfort zones to stop moving forward. 93．What are Paragraphs 3-4 mainly talking about? A．New findings in building resilience. B．The rules for finding new paths to success. C．The best solutions to life’s problems. D．The role of failure in personal growth. 94．What does the word “conquering” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Getting through. B．Staying away from. C．Finding out. D．Giving up. 95．What does the writer want to tell us? A．People should avoid failures in order to achieve success. B．People should turn failures into growth opportunities. C．People should accept failures to take more risks. D．People should be in a safe place to avoid making mistakes. 试卷第20页，共21页 试卷第21页，共21页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $