专题1 选择型阅读（word教师用书）-【芸熙百分】2025-2026学年八年级英语下册期末必刷卷（课标版·新教材 河南专版）

**基本信息** 聚焦期末高频考点，以多文体阅读为载体，整合新考法与核心素养，系统提炼细节理解、推理判断等解题方法，构建“文体特征-题型方法-素养提升”的逻辑体系。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |应用文阅读|A（浮沉实验）、B（古代发明）|细节排序按步骤推导，图文转换结合文本与图像，写作意图归纳主旨|实用文体特征与信息定位能力对应，渗透科学探究与文化意识| |记叙文阅读|C（父爱故事）、D（鲁滨逊）|代词指代题锁定上下文，标题归纳抓核心象征，细节排序依情节发展|通过叙事线索分析情感与价值观，提升思维品质与语言理解| |说明文阅读|E（压岁钱）、F（AI治疗）、G（自然灾害）|词义猜测据语境反推，文章结构按“总-分-总”梳理，写作手法辨“观点-事实-原因”|说明方法与说明对象关联，融合跨学科知识，培养逻辑推理与学习能力|

专题1　选择型阅读 编者按：聚焦期末高频及重难考点，专题训练，提升能力！ 应用文阅读 A （话题：浮沉的奥秘） 　　根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 （　A　）1.You need all the following items EXCEPT　　　　 to do the experiment. A.a metal jar　　B.a piece of plastic C.a grape　　D.water （　A　）2.新考法细节排序 What should be poured in turn？ ①3cm of syrup　　②3cm of oil ③3cm of water　　④3cm of juice A.①②③　　B.②③④ C.②①③　　D.③④① （　C　）3.How many layers do the liquids separate into？ A.One.　　B.Two. C.Three.　　D.Four. （　A　）4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？ A.The objects float at the same layer. B.An object which is less dense than the liquid floats. C.An object which is more dense than the liquid sinks. D.Whether a stone can float depends on what liquid it is in. （　D　）5.Where might you find the passage？ A.In a book review.　　B.In a shopping list. C.In a music app.　　D.In a science book. 解析：文章出处题。本文详细介绍了一个关于液体分层和物体浮沉的科学实验，内容涉及实验材料、步骤和科学原理，属于科普类知识。因此这篇文章最可能出现在科学书籍中。故选D。 新素材中华优秀传统文化  B （话题：了不起的中国古代发明） 　　Chopsticks were invented at least 3，000 years ago.Emperor Xin，also called King Zhou，the last king of the Shang Dynasty，already used ivory（象牙制的） chopsticks.Common people used chopsticks made of bamboo or wood.Later，there were also metal chopsticks. 　　More than 2，000 years ago，Mozi made the first kite.It was a wooden bird.Kites were first used as a sign to ask for help in the fight.Flying kites became people’s favourite outdoor activity in the Song Dynasty. 　　Zhang Heng was a scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty.He knew a lot about the sun，the moon，the stars，and the earth.In 132，he invented the seismograph（地动仪） to record earthquakes.The modern seismograph，however，was invented about 1，700 years later. 　　In the Song Dynasty，Bi Sheng invented the moveable type.First，Bi made clay（黏土） Chinese characters.Then he fired them at a high temperature to make them hard.When Bi needed to print books，he arranged （排列） the clay characters in a metal holder and then brushed them with ink（墨水）. 　　根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 （　B　）6.What were the chopsticks used by common people made of in the Shang Dynasty？ A.Bamboo or ivory.　　B.Bamboo or wood. C.Wood or metal.　　D.Metal or ivory. （　C　）7.新考法图文转换 What were used as a sign to ask for help in the fight？ A.　B. C. D. （　A　）8.Which is the second step of the moveable type？ A.Firing the clay pieces at a high heat. B.Brushing the clay characters with ink. C.Making clay Chinese characters. D.Arranging the clay characters in a holder. （　D　）9.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage？ A.At first，the kite was made of paper. B.Emperor Xin used the chopsticks made of metal. C.Zhang Heng knew a lot about poetry. D.The first seismograph was invented over 1，800 years ago. （　A　）10.新考法写作意图 What’s the writer’s purpose in writing this passage？ A.To introduce four great Chinese ancient inventions. B.To tell us how to use traditional Chinese tools. C.To show the importance of modern technology. D.To ask people to protect traditional culture. 解析：写作意图题。本文主要介绍了筷子、风筝、地动仪、活字印刷术这四项中国古代发明，目的是向读者介绍中国古代伟大的发明创造。故选A。 记叙文阅读 C （话题：藏在旧坛子里的爱） 　　［长春市］For as long as I can remember，there was a pickle jar（泡菜坛） in my parents’ bedroom.Every night，Dad would empty his pockets and drop his coins into the jar. 　　When the jar was full，Dad would sit at the kitchen table and roll the coins into packing paper before taking them to the bank.This was a special event.We put the coins in a small box between us in his old truck. 　　Every time we went to the bank，Dad would say，“Those coins are going to keep you out of the textile mill（纺织厂），son.You’re going to do better than me.”After depositing（存入） the coins，we would celebrate with ice cream.I always chose chocolate and Dad chose vanilla（香草味）. 　　Dad showed me the coins in his hand after the clerk（店员） gave him change.“When we get home，we’ll start filling the jar again，” he said happily.He always let me drop the first coin into the empty jar.“You’ll get to college with these coins，” he said. 　　Years later，I finished college and moved to another town for work.During a visit home，I noticed the pickle jar was gone.It had done its job.I realized how much Dad loved me and had taught me about hard work and hope. 　　My dad didn’t talk much and never gave me long speeches about trying hard or believing in myself.But the pickle jar taught me these virtues（品质） better than the flowery words（华丽的词藻） ever could. 　　根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 （　C 　）11.What did the writer’s dad usually do every night？ A.Made pickles at home. B.Went to the bank near their home. C.Put his coins into a pickle jar. D.Bought ice cream for the writer. （　A　）12.What does the underlined word “them”in Paragraph 2 refer to？ A.The coins.　　B.The ice creams. C.The tables.　　D.The banks. 解析：代词指代题。根据第二段中“When the jar was full，Dad would sit at the kitchen table and roll the coins into packing paper before taking them to the bank.（当坛子装满时，爸爸会坐在厨房的桌子旁，把硬币用纸卷起来，然后把它们送到银行。）”可知，此处them指代的是上文提到的“the coins（硬币）”。故选A。 （　B　）13.Why did the writer’s dad save the coins？ A.To buy a new truck. B.To help the writer go to college. C.To take the writer on a road trip. D.To get the writer a job at a textile mill. （　A　）14.According to the writer，how did his father teach him important lessons？ A.By setting an example. B.By giving long speeches. C.By visiting him every week. D.By pushing him work hard. （　A　）15.What’s the best title for the passage？ A.Lessons from a Pickle Jar B.Lessons from Coins C.Skills on How to Make Money D.Skills on How to Talk with Dad 解析：标题归纳题。全文围绕“泡菜坛”展开，它不仅是一个物品，更是父爱的载体和人生道理的象征。A项 （泡菜坛的教诲）直接点明了文章的核心，适合作本文的最佳标题。故选 A。 D （话题：《鲁滨逊漂流记》的故事与启示） 　　While you are in trouble，what are you going to do？Cry or escape？Those are all the wrong ways！Robinson Crusoe can tell you the right answer. 　　It is an exciting story：Robinson Crusoe hated the comfortable life in his hometown.So，he wanted to be a seaman and later he started to travel around the world.But one day，a terrible thing happened.A great storm came and their boat crashed（失事）！No one was alive in this accident except Robinson.He was the luckiest man in the world！However，at the same time he was the most tragic man of all—he must face the fact.Alone on an island without food，water or a gun！Luckily，he always believed all roads lead to Rome！He just used his hands to work hard！ 　　Then，he dug a cave（山洞），built a house，grew corn and kept goats.In the end，he could enjoy the life on the island.In his twenty－fourth year on the island，he saved a wild man，and gave him the name of “Friday”.With Robinson’s teaching，“Friday” became a good servant.Finally，they got a boat and escaped from the island. 　　Surely，Robinson was really a hero！It’s too hard to describe Robinson with simple words.We should honour him.But now，I think the most important thing is we should learn from the story.No matter what happens，we should always use our own hands and work hard with confidence. 　　根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 （　C 　）16.What did Robinson want to be when he was in his hometown？ A.A worker.　　B.A teacher. C.A seaman.　　D.A writer. （　D　）17.How many people were alive after the storm accident？ A.No one.　　B.Many.　　C.Two.　　D.One. （　B　）18.What does the underlined word “tragic” mean in Chinese？ A.伤心的　　B.悲惨的　　C.现实的　　D.幸运的 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，前文提到鲁滨逊是“最幸运的人”，因为他在事故中唯一幸存；后文则描述了他独自流落荒岛，面临没有食物、水和武器的绝境。这种强烈的转折与对比表明，tragic与前文的luckiest（最幸运的）形成反义，意为“悲惨的”。故选B。 （　A　）19.新考法细节排序 What is the correct order of the events according to the passage？ ①Robinson built a house and grew corn. ②Robinson lived alone on the island. ③They got a boat and escaped from the island. ④Robinson saved a man and named him “Friday”. A.②→①→④→③　　B.②→④→①→③ C.④→③→②→①　　D.②→③→④→① （　A　）20.What can we learn from Robinson？ A.Working hard and being confident are important. B.Traveling around the world is the best choice. C.Living alone can make us happy. D.Keeping goats is a good way to relax. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“No matter what happens，we should always use our own hands and work hard with confidence.” 可知，文章告诉我们：无论遇到什么事，都要靠自己的双手，满怀信心地努力奋斗。A项（努力工作和保持自信很重要。）完全契合文章主旨，符合题意。故选A。 说明文阅读 E （话题：压岁钱的由来与发展） 　　Have you thought about a question—why do the elders give you lucky money every year？Do you know something about it？And how does it come into being？Let’s take a look together. 　　Long ago，there was a legend（传说）.Every New Year’s Eve，a little monster called “Sui” would come out while people were sleeping.It would touch the children’s foreheads，making them sick.There was a couple with a son.To protect him，they wrapped eight copper coins（铜钱） in red paper and put them under the child’s pillow（枕头） on New Year’s Eve.In the middle of the night，“Sui” appeared，but as it got close to the child，the copper coins shone brightly and scared it away.It turned out that the eight copper coins were transformed（转化） by the Eight Gods，who were protecting the child in secret. 　　Later，people started doing the same thing，putting the red－wrapped copper coins under children’s pillows to keep them safe through the new year.As “Sui” and “Sui （year）” sound the same，the “Sui－repelling money” became “Lucky Money”，protecting children from evil and wishing them a safe and healthy year. 　　During the Ming and Qing dynasties，real money was used as Lucky Money，wrapped in red paper and placed under children’s pillows.Today，Lucky Money is not only a blessing from elders to younger ones，but also a special New Year gift for children.The tradition of Lucky Money carries the love and blessings of elders and the best wishes for the younger generation. 　　根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 （　C 　）21.新考法写作手法 How does the writer start the passage？ A.By showing some sayings. B.By telling a story. C.By asking questions. D.By listing numbers. （　A　）22.What happened when “Sui” got close to the child？ A.The copper coins shone and scared “Sui” away. B.The child on the pillow woke up at once. C.The Eight Gods appeared. D.The child’s forehead shone brightly. （　A　）23.What does the underlined word “evil” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ A.Something bad.　　B.Something useful. C.Something loud.　　D.Something in black. 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中“protecting children from evil and wishing them a safe and healthy year” 可知，压岁钱能够祝愿孩子们平安健康地度过新的一年，因此象征着保护孩子免受被不好的事物伤害，因此画线单词“evil”意为“坏的事物”，即“Something bad”。故选A。 （　B　）24.When was real money used as Lucky Money？ A.Before the Ming Dynasty. B.In the Ming and Qing dynasties. C.After the legend was widely known. D.When Sui disappeared. （　D　）25.What’s the best title for the passage？ A.The Importance of Lucky Money B.The Best Time to Give Lucky Money C.The Future of Lucky Money D.The Legend and History of Lucky Money 解析：标题归纳题。文章前半部分讲述了压岁钱起源于驱赶“祟”的传说，后半部分介绍了它从古代到明清时期的发展演变。因此，D项（压岁钱的传说与历史）符合文章主旨，适合作本文的最佳标题。故选D。 新素材科学技术  F （话题：当人们开始向 AI 倾诉心事） 　　［泰州市］From friendship to work stress，more Chinese people are now using AI like DeepSeek to talk about their problems.They share feelings with the chatbot（聊天机器人） and get warm advice.This is called “AI therapy（治疗）”，which is becoming popular online.But can robots really take the place of human doctors？ 　　Around the world，45％ of people who needed mental （精神的） health care in 2024 did not get it，because it was too expensive or there weren’t enough doctors，according to Huntington Psychological Services.Daniel Lowd，a professor at the University of Oregon，believes AI could help fill this gap.“If people can find some comfort and ideas by talking to ChatGPT or other chatbot，then I think that’s wonderful，” Lowd told Newsweek.Li Yong，a doctor at the Jiangsu Province Hospital，agreed with Lowd，saying that AI meets people’s needs for emotional comfort to a point. 　　However，AI is not perfect.Human doctors understand feelings deeply through face－to－face talks and make personalized caring plans—something robots can’t fully copy.Another problem is safety.AI might act like a doctor without proper training or rules.It can’t be as reliable（可靠的） as doctors. 　　Some believe the key to safe AI therapy is strict rules.For example，Wysa，an AI mental health app，follows strict medical rules in the UK.As AI becomes part of daily life，finding a middle ground between its advantages and risks is important.While AI offers quick help，human connection（联系） is still needed. 　　根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 （　C　）26.What do people use AI for according to Paragraph 1？ A.Making new friends. B.Giving warm advice. C.Talking about their problems. D.Getting popular online. （　C　）27.What does the underlined phrase “fill this gap” in Paragraph 2 mean？ A.Make AI cheaper to use. B.Train more doctors. C.Solve the problem above. D.Provide patients with great help. 解析：词义猜测题。前文提到“2024 年全球有45％需要心理健康服务的人，因费用过高或医生数量不足而无法获得帮助”，这就形成了一个缺口（gap）。后文提到“AI could help fill this gap”，说明 AI 的作用是填补这个缺口，也就是解决“人们无法获得心理健康服务”的问题。画线部分“fill this gap”意为“解决上述问题”。故选C。 （　B　）28.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？ A.Why AI therapy is good. B.The problems with AI therapy. C.How human therapists work. D.Rules to use AI therapy. （　D　）29.What can we know about AI therapy from the passage？ A.It is much better than human therapists. B.It will take away the jobs of human therapists. C.It does no good to people with emotional needs. D.It is becoming popular but not perfect. （　C　）30.新考法文章结构 Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？ A.　　B.　　C.　　D. 解析：文章结构题。文章第一段引出 AI 治疗这一话题，第二段讲 AI 治疗的好处，第三段讲其存在的问题，第四段给出看法并作总结，整体结构为“总—分—总”。故选C。 跨学科地理 G（话题：全球灾害实录与人类的敬畏之思） 　　Natural disasters，such as earthquakes，rainstorms and strong winds，usually make a big difference to human life.They not only cause property（财产） loss but also take away people’s lives. 　　Strong winds can be very terrible.On March 31st，2024，strong winds hit Nanchang，Jiangxi Province.The strong winds broke the windows into pieces and blew off three people sleeping at home，leading to their deaths.What’s worse，more than 1，600 trees were blown down overnight.This deadly disaster was mainly caused by funnelling（狭管效应）. 　　When the earthquake happens，the ground and buildings will shake terribly.In serious situations，buildings may even fall down and kill people.In Taiwan，the most powerful earthquake in a quarter century rocked the island on April 3rd，2024.At least nine people were killed and hundreds of people were hurt. 　　Another example is rainstorms.They can flood（淹没） many places.Dubai lies on the coast of the Persian Gulf（波斯湾） and in the northeast of the UAE（阿联酋） with a long and beautiful coastline.It doesn’t rain a lot.But on April 16th，2024，a big rainstorm hit Dubai.It rained so much in just 12 hours that it was like a whole year’s worth of rain.The heavy rain flooded roads，shopping malls，and even airports. 　　To better deal with natural disasters，we need to make our disaster prevention，mitigation，and relief coordination system（救灾协调系统） better.Also，people should learn ways to protect themselves when facing natural disasters.But most importantly，we should realize that we are not the master of nature，and we need to care about it and respect it. 　　根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 （　B　）31.How many pieces of news about natural disasters are mentioned？ A.Two.　　B.Three.　　C.Four.　　D.Five. （　B　）32.What kind of damage（破坏） can an earthquake probably cause？ A.It can blow down a lot of trees. B.It can make buildings fall and kill people. C.It can flood many places like roads and airports. D.It can make plants die because of too little water. （　C　）33.新考法写作手法 How does the writer develop Paragraph 2？ A.Fact—opinion—way.　　B.Fact—way—opinion. C.Opinion—fact—reason.　　D.Opinion—reason—fact. 解析：推理判断题。通读第二段可知，本段第一句表述了作者认为“强风非常糟糕”的观点，接下来讲述了江西南昌遭受强风自然灾害的事实，最后说明了此次灾害发生的原因。因此本段写作顺序为“观点—事实—原因”。故选C。 35.B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But most importantly，we should realize that we are not the master of nature，and we need to care about it and respect it.”可知，文章结尾告诉大家要关心和尊重大自然，所以推测接下来会讲述尊重大自然的方法。B项（我们如何尊重大自然，更好地与之相处。）符合题意。故选B。 （　B　）34.新考法图文转换 Which map shows the location of Dubai？（：the location of Dubai） A.　　　　B. C.　　　　D. （　B　）35.What might be talked about in the following paragraph？ A.Why natural disasters can take away people’s lives. B.How we can respect nature and live better with it. C.Where we can learn about different natural disasters. D.Which kind of natural disaster is the most dangerous. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $