一、类型三 说明介绍类-（Word试题版）2026年中考英语真题分类汇编分层练

**基本信息** 聚焦身心健康、科技前沿等12个主题，精选“天眸芯”“嫦娥六号”等说明性语篇，考查细节理解、词义猜测等核心阅读能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|54题（约占阅读部分80%）|词义猜测（如curtail）、细节理解（赤脚行走安全建议）、主旨大意（读书益处）|情境时代性（嫦娥六号探月）、跨文化意识（丝绸之路）、实践导向（拱桥模型制作）|

类型三 说明介绍类 子主题1 身心健康，抗挫能力，珍爱生命的意识 Passage 1 We have many ways to get close to nature, such as dancing in the rain, stepping on fallen leaves or digging in the soil, but my favourite is walking barefoot (赤脚). Walking barefoot can be enjoyable and helpful. It can help us sleep better and feel rested in mind and body. It can also build our foot muscles (肌肉) and improve our balance. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, walking barefoot can be good for our health. When you want to try walking barefoot, there's no need to hurry. At first, walking barefoot for 10 minutes can be fine. After that, add 5 minutes every day until you can walk for 20 to 30 minutes. If your feet hurt, take a break or curtail the time. Walking barefoot, however, isn't always safe. People with health problems like flat feet or back pain should avoid this practice. What's more, walking barefoot in cold or wet environments might cause health problems. To make walking barefoot safe, remember the following points: ·Choose safe places, like soft grass or warm sand. ·Stay away from things like rocks or broken glass. ·Keep shoes at hand if you worry that your feet will get too sore. ·Listen to your body—stop if you feel pain or discomfort. Walking barefoot is a great way to feel connected with nature, but it's important to stay safe and consider your own health condition. 1. Which of the following is the writer's favourite way to get close to nature? A. Dancing in the rain. B. Stepping on fallen leaves. C. Digging in the soil. D. Walking without shoes on. 2. What does the underlined word "curtail" mean in Paragraph 3? A. Tell. B. Make. C. Value. D. Reduce. 3. According to the text, remember to ________ when you are walking barefoot. A. try a cold surface B. practice on hard rocks C. find a safe place D. walk in wet environments 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The introduction to health problems. B. The suggestions on outdoor activities. C. The information about walking barefoot. D. The effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Passage 2 Do you know the five main senses we have? They are touch, taste, sight, smell and hearing. They are controlled by different parts of our brains. So we call the brain our built-in "BeiDou". Brains help our bodies work smoothly. Try this: close your eyes and touch your nose. It's easy, right? That's because our brains can receive messages about where our body parts are. We can also stand on one leg without falling down. If we lose our balance, our brains will give us orders to fix it. ________. Tests show that people see spider pictures faster than flowers. Some researchers also found that people react (作出反应) to loud noises faster than to a friend's voice. Scientists aren't completely sure about the reasons. Some suggest that this skill might come from ancient times. Our ancestors were often faced with predators. So they had to protect themselves from dangerous animals like spiders and tigers, or they would lose their lives. Until today, we still jump at sudden noises or shadows (影子) in dark rooms. Here is more about brains. Can you imagine seeing colors when you hear music, or tasting candy when you see the sunshine? It's called sense mixing. Scientists think this happens when different senses intermingle (相互交织). Another fact is that temperature sometimes influences our senses. Some people can feel storms coming through knee pain. So we often joke that we're "human weather apps". Also, our brains are able to make adjustment (调整) to some senses. If someone can't see well, his hearing or touch might become stronger. Though scientists have done much research on the brain, there's still a lot to do. Have you ever wondered why some people are better at sports? What's the secret to improving memory? Then it's time for you to start your discovering journey. 1. What do the two examples in the first paragraph show? A. Brains help our bodies work well. B. Human brains are different. C. Humans can touch their noses easily. D. People have many living habits. 2. Which of the following can be put in ________? A. It's fun to study our ancestors' life B. It's easy to learn about senses C. Animals help people in many ways D. Brains are also life-saving heroes 3. Which animal in the following pictures is probably a "predator"? A. B. C. D. 4. According to Paragraph 3, what might happen if your senses mix? A. You can tie your shoes without looking. B. You taste sweetness when seeing an apple. C. You jump when someone shouts suddenly. D. You feel pain in your knees before the rain comes. 5. What is the writing purpose of the last paragraph? A. To improve people's memory. B. To encourage brain studies. C. To show the value of our brains. D. To admire scientists' efforts. 子主题2 积极的学习体验，恰当的学习方法与策略，勤学善思 Passage 3 It is believed that reading is not only good for our self-development but also quite easy to do. There are so many benefits (好处) to read books. Reading is a good way to deal with stress. In one study, reading was found to be effective (有效的) in reducing stress. When you are reading books, you can keep the noisy world out and needn't worry about the problems that bother you. This means that reading can help you feel relaxed. Reading protects brain health. If you read at least once a week, you probably have a better ability in understanding at an old age than those who do not. Because when you are reading, you actually keep thinking even imagining. And that is a good exercise for your mind. Reading is an excellent bedtime activity. On one hand, reading before bed can help you fall asleep in a shorter time. On the other hand, it is better for your eyes to hold a book while going to bed instead of your mobile phone. All in all, there is no doubt that reading is good for you. Why not pick up a book to read right now? 1. What does the underlined word "bother" in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Trouble. B. Help. C. Encourage. D. Support. 2. You could have a better ability in understanding when you're old if you read at least ________. A. twice a year B. once a year C. twice a week D. once a week 3. Which is the right structure of the text? (① = Paragraph 1, ② = Paragraph 2, …) A. B. C. D. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. A good way to deal with stress. B. The advantages of self-development. C. The benefits of reading books. D. An excellent bedtime activity. 子主题3 中外建筑的价值 Passage 4 Every bridge is a symbol of the times. Most of them look similar, but there are great differences in the way they are built. Let's learn about bridges around the world. Cable-stayed bridge The Hong-Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) is the longest sea-crossing bridge and a kind of cable-stayed bridge. It was opened in 2018. The construction (建造) of the HZMB requires cutting-edge technology and careful planning. Its opening proves that humans are making miracles (奇迹) with great effort and wisdom. Drawbridge London Tower Bridge has been standing over the River Thames since 1894. The bridge is known for its bascule (桥梁板), and this part can be raised to allow tall ships to pass through. From the top of the bridge, you could enjoy the beautiful views of the River Thames. Arch bridge One of the oldest arch (拱) bridges is Zhaozhou Bridge in Hebei Province. It was built by Li Chun of Sui Dynasty about 1,400 years ago. There are two small arches at each side of the big arch. Usually, the river runs through the big arch. When there is a flood (洪水), the river can also run through the four small ones. So today the bridge is still in use. Arches play an important part in bridges. They are used for spreading the weight they are carrying out. Why not make your own model arch? You just need some paper and a pair of scissors. Steps: ①Cut out one large shape and six small shapes. ②Lay out all of the paper pieces like this. Make sure the large piece will be put in the central place of this arch as it holds the whole arch together. Try it, test it and make it better! 1. How many kinds of bridges are mentioned in the text? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 2. What does the underlined word "cutting-edge" mean in Paragraph 2? A. High. B. Low. C. Simple. D. Old. 3. How long has London Tower Bridge been standing over the River Thames? A. Over 1,400 years. B. Over 100 years. C. Less than 100 years. D. Less than 7 years. 4. How does the writer end the text? A. By telling a story. B. By listing numbers. C. By making a model arch. D. By introducing some bridges. 5. What is the main purpose of writing this text? A. To tell readers the history of bridges. B. To show readers the views on bridges. C. To advise readers to enjoy and visit. D. To encourage readers to know and practise. 子主题4 科学技术与工程，人类发明与创新 Passage 5 Nowadays, there are many great inventions around us. They make our lives better in amazing ways. One of them is called "Tianmouc"—the world's first smart chip (芯片) that works like our eyes and brains. A team from Tsinghua University made it! Tianmouc gets an idea by how our human eyes and brains work together. First, our eyes see things around us. Then, our brains understand them. Tianmouc does something similar! It uses special sensors (传感器) to break down what it sees into tiny parts. Then, Tianmouc puts them together in two ways. One is by seeing colors and details clearly as if we read a book. The other is by reacting (回应) to sudden changes quickly, just like we catch a ball. Tianmouc is really powerful. It can do things that traditional chips can't. For example, it's able to collect what it sees at a very high speed of 10,000 frames (帧) per second. In some ways, it sees things more exactly than our eyes. The chip can work well in different light conditions—no matter how bright or dark the light is. All of these are achieved with very little power or energy. Tianmouc has a big influence on our daily life. For self-driving cars, they need to "see" the road clearly and react quickly to any danger. Tianmouc can notice sudden changes quickly, like a child running across the road or a car suddenly cutting in. For the cameras, they will react faster by catching any unusual movement in the future. Inventions like Tianmouc show how creative the humans can be! They are making our lives more convenient and safer. Who knows what amazing inventions we'll see next? 1. What do we know about "Tianmouc"? A. It's a new type of cameras that can react faster. B. It's a special sensor for self-driving cars to see and react quickly. C. It's the world's first smart chip working like human eyes and brains. 2. From Paragraph 2, we know ________. A. how Tianmouc works B. how Tianmouc helps us C. what makes Tianmouc special 3. What does the writer mean by asking "Who knows what amazing inventions we'll see next?"? A. The writer doubts if there will be new inventions. B. The writer believes more amazing inventions will appear. C. The writer thinks inventions will mainly make cars faster. 4. Where is the passage probably from? A. A travel ad. B. A health guide. C. A science magazine. Passage 6 "Wow! Look at that! Isn't it a real fish?" The bionic (仿生) fish, named "Jinlin", was swimming lively like a real one. It was developed by researchers at Shanghai Ocean University. This invention isn't just for fun—it shows how humans copy nature to solve problems. That is a science called bionics. Over millions of years, animals and plants have developed smart ways to survive. For example, kingfishers are experts at moving fast between air and water with very little noise. Through their study, scientists discovered that the birds' long beaks (喙) enabled this ability. Then they used the knowledge to change the front of the high-speed train. This change cut down noise level, increased speed by 10% and greatly saved energy. This combination (结合) of biology and engineering is the key to success in bionics. And it has set the stage for the rise of other new technologies. Driven by robotics and AI, bionics has grown rapidly. The AI-powered bionic fish "Jinlin" can be used for environmental protection and deep sea exploration. In medicine, bionic arms can work similarly to real arms. Sensors allow the user to feel" touch and pressure. Motors help the bionic arms make movements, like human muscles(肌肉). With AI, the bionic arms are able to "learn" new tasks and become smarter over time. These inventions are examples to show how bionics bridges biology and new technologies to solve humans' problems. Although so much progress has been made, bionics faces challenges. Nature's designs are hard to copy perfectly. As for bionic arms, one key area of development is Brain-Computer Interface (脑机接口). More work on direct communication between the brain and bionic arms is required to control movements as naturally as real arms. Researchers are also working on creating new materials and structures which can sense and repair themselves. While there's still a long way to go, the future of bionics is full of possibilities. Stay hungry. Stay foolish. Maybe you'll be the next one to change the world! 1. Why does the writer mention "Jinlin" at the beginning of the passage? A. To suggest some new ideas. B. To lead into the topic of bionics. C. To explain the habits of fish. D. To show the importance of bionics. 2. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Robotics and AI have developed fast because of bionics. B. The bionic fish "Jinlin" is used for medical purposes. C. Motors allow the bionic arms to make movements. D. Sensors help bionic arms learn new tasks over time. 3. According to Paragraph4, how would scientists make bionic arms more like real ones? ①By connecting motors with smart phones. ②By developing new materials and structures. ③By improving Brain-Computer Interface. ④By changing the shape and look of bionic arms. A. ①② B. ②③ C. ①④ D. ③④ 4. Which of the following shows the use of bionics? A. Drawing a picture of birds by watching real birds. B. Building a house with natural materials like wood. C. Designing a camera by copying some insects' eyes. D. Learning to dance by studying monkeys' movements. 子主题5 身份认同与文化自信 Passage 7 Long ago, in ancient China, there was a story about the invention of silk. People believed that silk was first invented by Leizu, the wife of the Yellow Emperor. Leizu learned how to make cocoons (蚕茧) into soft and strong cloth. This magical cloth became known as "silk", and it was so valuable that it was called "China's Gold". Following kings' orders, the Chinese kept the secret of making silk for centuries. But then, something amazing happened! During the Han Dynasty, the brave officer Zhang Qian traveled west as far as Central Asia and brought silk there. As years passed by, silk became so important that the trade road from Europe to China got its name—the Silk Road. The Silk Road became a busy highway for traders who carried things across deserts and mountains. From China, people sold silk and tea. In return, they received treasures such as spices (香料), gold and silver from the West. At the very beginning, it was mainly about trade; then people began to share ideas, technologies and cultures. For example, Chinese inventions like papermaking were spread to the West, while new ideas about math and science came to China. Most importantly, the Silk Road helped different cultures learn from each other. Art, music and even language were shared along this ancient road. In places like the Dunhuang Grottoes (敦煌石窟) in China, you can see how art pieces combined (融合) Eastern and Western styles into something distinctive. It can not be seen anywhere else. The story of the Silk Road tells us how people from faraway lands could become friends through trade and shared ideas. Today, we remember the Silk Road as one of the greatest examples of cooperation and exchange in history. It shows us how important it is to learn about and respect each other's traditions, and that different cultures can work together to create amazing things. 1. Who invented silk in ancient China? A. Leizu. B. The kings. C. Zhang Qian. D. The Yellow Emperor. 2. What was spread from China to the West according to Paragraph 3? A. Silk and gold. B. Tea and papermaking. C. Spices and silver. D. New ideas of science. 3. What is the right order of the following facts from the passage? ①Zhang Qian traveled west with silk. ②Art and language were shared along the Silk Road. ③Traders from China and the West exchanged things. ④The Chinese were ordered to keep the secret of making silk. A. ①→④→③→② B. ①→③→④→② C. ④→①→③→② D. ④→③→②→① 4. What does the underlined word "distinctive" mean in Paragraph 4? A. Special. B. Public. C. Popular. D. Strong. 5. What does the story of the Silk Road mainly tell us? A. The change of world trade. B. The introduction of silk cloth. C. The influence of technology in history. D. The importance of cross-cultural communication. 子主题6 环境污染及原因，环保意识和行为 Passage 8 Everyone knows that forests help fight climate change. However, a recent scientific report shows that the world lost 300,000 square kilometers of forests in 2024. That's an area about the size of Italy. According to the report, for the first time ever, fires were the biggest cause of forest loss. ________ This country has the largest area of rainforest in the world. Last year, it suffered from a long period of dry weather. Wildfires broke out and spread. As a result, about 25,000 square kilometers of the primary rainforest disappeared in the country. This meant fires caused 66% of its forest loss. The second biggest cause of the world's forest loss was clearing land for farming. As people need more farmland, they keep cutting down forests every year. In 2024, the area of forest cleared for farming increased by 14% worldwide. The situation was more severe in developing countries. For example, Bolivia's forest loss doubled in 2024. Without doubt, something must be done. Experts call on governments, businesses and people to work together before it is too late. It seems that China has set a good example. Thanks to cooperation at many levels, China had the biggest increase in forest area among all countries in 2024. That year alone, newly-planted trees in China covered an area of nearly 45,000 square kilometers, according to a news report. If more countries start to take action like China, the earth will become a greener planet. 1. The size of Italy is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to show ________. A. why we need forests B. where a disaster spread C. what climate change is D. how terrible forest loss was 2. Which of the following can be put in "________" in Paragraph 2? A. Farming is a reason. B. Take Brazil for example. C. Wildfires were stopped. D. Read the report carefully. 3. What does the underlined word "severe" in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Serious. B. Boring. C. Balanced. D. Positive. 4. What was the reason for the growth of China's forest area in 2024? A. Enough land. B. Nice weather. C. Good teamwork. D. Green technology. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A. Rainforest Became Larger B. Farmland Area Grew Rapidly C. Forest Fires Caused Pollution D. Forest Loss Worried the World 子主题7 热爱与敬畏自然，与自然和谐共生 Passage 9 Lightning strikes kill millions of trees each year—but it turns out that some large tropical (热带的) trees can not only stay alive after they're hit by a strike, but also benefit from its effects, according to a recent study. Some trees are getting repeatedly hit by lightning over their lifetime. But why can they survive? Researchers don't know for sure. However, they think that trees will be heated less if they're more conductive. That means the energy from lightning is just moving to their neighbors, instead of staying in them. The lightning's strong power kills the parasitic vines (寄生藤蔓) on the trees. It also kills some other trees nearby, reducing competition. Dipteryx oleifera, a tree in Panama's forests, has probably experienced 10 lightning strikes so far. It stays safe and sound, while most of the neighboring trees were killed. If you are in the forest where it is, you'll know what it is—its huge size and height. "We believe the trees in Panama's forests have five strikes on average. But, you know, some of them obviously have a ton," Evan Gora, a forest ecologist said. How long do these trees live in the forests? People can't do tree ring dating in tropical forests because the trees don't make continuous growth rings. Researchers guess many of the trees would be hundreds, or maybe even more than 1,000 years old. What can we learn from the study? The hardest things can turn into good things, can they? 1. Why can some large tropical trees survive lightning strikes? A. They're not often hit by lightning. B. The neighboring trees protect them. C. The lightning energy moves away from them. 2. What may happen after the large trees are hit by lightning? A. They win better living conditions. B. They have more neighbors around. C. They can stand more kinds of danger. 3. What does the tree Dipteryx oleifera look like? A. Old and weak. B. Huge and tall. C. Clean and thin. 4. Why can't people tell the exact age of the large trees hit by lightning? A. The weather there is terrible. B. People don't have proper tools. C. Continuous growth rings can't be found. 5. Which part of the newspaper is this text taken from? A. Health. B. Nature. C. Technology. Passage 10 Lanternfish (灯笼鱼) are fish that carry their own lights. Most lanternfish are brown on top and silver underneath (在下面). They have very large eyes. They eat small sea animals. If you want to find them, you must go deep into the sea. As you go deeper and deeper, the daylight (日光) becomes dimmer and dimmer. At over 152 metres below the surface (表面) of the water, the daylight is almost gone. The water is dark blue. There you will find lanternfish. There are over 230 different kinds of lanternfish in the world. Most lanternfish are just as long as your fingers. Even the biggest lanternfish are only about 15 centimetres (厘米) long. They are not large in size. However, each lanternfish has about 100 small round lights on the lower part of its body. The fish use their lights to help them catch food. They also use their lights to send information so that they can recognise (认出) each other. At night, they may swim up near the surface of the sea. Their lights shine like stars under the water. Lanternfish are one of the wonders of the sea. 1. What is the colour of most lanternfish on top? A. Brown. B. Green. C. Red. D. Silver. 2. What does the underlined word "dimmer" mean in Paragraph 2? A. Quicker. B. Easier. C. Richer. D. Darker. 3. How many kinds of lanternfish are there in the world? A. Over 152. B. Over 230. C. About 15. D. About 100. 4. In order to recognise each other, lanternfish also use lights to ________. A. drink water B. cook food C. send information D. fall asleep 5. In which part of a magazine can we find the passage? A. Art. B. Space. C. Health. D. Nature. 子主题8 地球与宇宙探秘，航天事业发展 Passage 11 A Long March 5 rocket took off from the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan Province on May 3, 2024. After flying for about 37 minutes, it successfully placed the Chang'e 6 robotic lunar probe (月球探测器) into an Earth-moon transfer trajectory (转移轨道). Several days later the probe was programmed to land on the moon's far side and started its tasks, which would last about 53 days. This is the world's first try to bring samples (样本) from the moon's far side. For China, it's the second sample-return moon journey. Chang'e 5 successfully brought samples from the moon in the winter of 2020. Up to now, 10 moon sample-return tasks have been carried out by the United States, the former Soviet Union (前苏联) and China, but all these samples were collected from the moon's near side. The moon's far side has always been a subject of scientific wonder because of its many mysteries. It's facing away from Earth and it can never be seen from Earth. It was once called the "dark side of the moon" even though it receives just as much sunlight as the near side. Chinese researchers have found that the soil on the far side is much thicker than that on the near side, but they haven't found out the reason. Samples brought back by Chang'e 5 have helped scientists find that there were volcanic (火山的) activities on the near side around 2 billion years ago. Some scientists thought maybe volcanoes became inactive on the far side about 4 billion years ago. Is it true? Samples from the far side will allow them to know the answer. "Comparing the make-up of the far side samples from Chang'e 6 with those collected from the near side will be of great scientific value to the international community," said Martin Sweeting, a famous professor of space engineering. 1. When did Chang'e 6 begin to work on the moon? A. On May 3, 2024. B. After flying for about 37 minutes. C. In the winter of 2020. D. After landing on the moon's far side. 2. How many times has China got samples from the moon's near side? A. Once. B. Twice. C. Five times. D. Ten times. 3. According to the passage, the moon's far side ________. A. receives less sunlight than the near side B. has thicker soil compared with the near side C. can be seen from Earth with powerful cameras D. has more recent volcanic activities than the near side 4. What can we learn from Martin Sweeting's words? A. Chang'e 6 will stay longer on the moon for more tasks. B. Chang'e 6 is carrying out a valuable task for the world. C. Chang'e 6 will bring samples from both sides of the moon. D. Chang'e 6 can compare samples before bringing them back. 子主题9 自然灾害与人身安全，灾害防范基本常识 Passage 12 On average (平均), firefighters get a fire call every 24 seconds in the US. Every 87 seconds, a home fire happens. Just between January 1st, 2019 and January 1st, 2024, there were 11,180 home fire deaths in the country. But the best escape time for a fire is just three minutes or less. So everyone should pay attention to fire safety at home. To avoid starting a fire, we must know common causes. Cooking tools are the number-one cause of home fires. Be especially careful when using them. Never leave the kitchen while cooking and make sure the tools are completely off after cooking. Electrical appliances (电器) can lead to a fire, so check them often to make sure they are working properly. Smoking is another common cause of house fires. It's never a good idea to smoke indoors, so take a few steps to go out. Last, don't forget little kids. They usually find fire exciting and think of fire as a toy. So keep them away from fire and teach them about dangers of fire. How can we prevent home fires? The following tips may help. Get smoke alarms The first step is to install (安装) enough smoke alarms through your home. Get one in every room. Prepare fire extinguishers (灭火器) Keep fire extinguishers available at home. They can put out small fires. Check them often to make sure they work properly. Create a plan for escape A good plan should start with two escape ways from every room. Then know how fast your family can run, tell kids when and how to get out, and make a house map with all doors and windows. At last, choose a meeting place outside. And don't forget to practice it often with every family member. You might think that these fire safety tips are common sense. However, it's difficult to think of them especially when you're in a life and-death moment. Take action with the tips and never take fire safety lightly at home. 1. How does the writer start the passage? A. By asking a question. B. By introducing the causes. C. By telling a story. D. By listing some numbers. 2. What causes the most home fires? A. Cooking tools. B. Electrical appliances. C. Smoking indoors. D. Not having smoke alarms. 3. For a good escape plan, what should people do in Step ❹? CREATE AND PRACTICE A HOME FIRE ESCAPE PLAN ❶Plan two→ ❷Time how→ ❸Teach children→ ❹________→ ❺Choose a→ ❺Practice your ways out of every room fast your family can escape to get low and get out when they hear a smoke alarm meeting place away from the house fire escape plan every six months A. Talk with every family member B. Teach family members how to call 119 C. Make a house map with all doors and windows D. Think about special needs for older family members 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. Plans for Escape from Fire. B. Fire Safety at Home. C. Common Sense about Fire. D. Risks in Living Places. 类型三 说明介绍类 Passage 1 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了赤脚行走的益处和安全实践的建议。 1. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据“but my favourite is walking barefoot”可知，作者最喜欢的亲近自然的方式是赤脚行走。 2. D 【解析】词义猜测题。根据“If your feet hurt, take a break or curtail the time”可知，curtail意为“减少”，与reduce词义相近。 3. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“Choose safe places, like soft grass or warm sand”可知，赤脚行走时需选择安全的地方。 4. C 【解析】主旨大意题。文章围绕赤脚行走展开，介绍了其益处、适应方法、安全建议等，核心内容是关于赤脚行走的信息。 Passage 2 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类大脑的多种功能及其对感官的调控作用。 1. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据“Brains help our bodies work smoothly… our brains will give us orders to fix it”可知，大脑帮助我们的身体正常工作。 2. D 【解析】信息回填题。根据后文可知，此段主要讲大脑在面对危险时能快速作出反应，保护我们的生命，所以选项D“大脑也是救命英雄”可以放在________处，作为此段的主题句。 3. A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据“Our ancestors were often faced with predators. So they had to protect themselves from dangerous animals like spiders and tigers, or they would lose their lives”可知，predator指的是危险动物，老虎符合题意。 4. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“Can you imagine seeing colors when you hear music, or tasting candy when you see the sunshine? It's called sense mixing”可知，如果你的感官混合了，你可能会在看到苹果时尝到甜味。 5. B 【解析】写作意图题。根据最后一段可知，该段的写作目的是鼓励读者继续探索大脑的奥秘，进行大脑研究。 Passage 3 【导语】本文主要介绍读书的好处。 1. A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据“When you are reading books, you can keep the noisy world out and needn't worry about the problems that bother you”可知，bother意为“烦恼”，与trouble词义相近。 2. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据“If you read at least once a week, you probably have a better ability in understanding at an old age than those who do not”可知，每周至少阅读一次，理解能力会更强。 3. B 【解析】篇章结构题。 明段意 第一段 总述读书的重要性 第二至第四段 具体介绍读书的好处：能缓解压力；保护大脑健康；是优质睡前活动 第五段 总结读书有益并呼吁行动 答案 选项B的“总—分—总”结构符合 4. C 【解析】主旨大意题。分析文章内容可知，本文主要介绍读书的好处。 Passage 4 【导语】本文主要介绍了三种桥梁类型（斜拉桥、开合桥和拱桥）及其代表建筑，并鼓励读者动手制作拱桥模型。 1. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“Cable-stayed bridge”“Drawbridge”和“Arch bridge”可知，文章共提到了三种桥。 2. A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据“The construction of the HZMB requires cutting-edge technology and careful planning. Its opening proves that humans are making miracles with great effort and wisdom”可知，cutting-edge应指“先进的；领先的”，high technology符合语境。 3. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“London Tower Bridge has been standing over the River Thames since 1894”可知，伦敦塔桥自1894年矗立至今，计算至2025年已超过100年。 4. C 【解析】写作手法题。根据表格和最后一段可知，作者通过给出制作拱桥模型的步骤并鼓励读者去尝试结尾。 5. D 【解析】写作意图题。全文通过介绍桥梁类型和结尾的动手实践指导，呼应最后一句“Try it, test it...”的号召性语言，目的是鼓励读者了解和实践。 Passage 5 【导语】本文主要介绍了“天眸芯”这项发明。 知识积累 名师析语篇 1. break down分解 2. as if好像；仿佛 3. react to对……做出反应；回应 4. in different conditions在不同条件下；在不同状况中 5. have an influence on对……有影响 6. cut in（车辆）强行超车；插入（车流） 1. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“One of them is called 'Tianmouc'—the world's first smart chip that works like our eyes and brains”可知，天眸芯是世界上首款能像我们的眼睛和大脑一样工作的智能芯片。 2. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，该段介绍了天眸芯是如何运作的。 3. B 【解析】句意理解题。根据最后一段可推知，作者相信将会出现更多惊人的发明。 4. C 【解析】文章出处题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了“天眸芯”这项发明。故可推知，本文可能来自科学杂志。 Passage 6 【导语】本文介绍了仿生学这一科学领域，通过模仿自然界的生物结构和功能来解决人类面临的问题。 1. B 【解析】写作意图题。根据“This invention isn't just for fun—it shows how humans copy nature to solve problems. That is a science called bionics”可知，文章开头提到“Jinlin”是为了引出仿生学这一主题。 2. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“Motors help the bionic arms make movements”可知，马达帮助仿生手臂进行运动。 3. B 【解析】细节组合题。根据“As for bionic arms, one key area of development is Brain-Computer Interface... Researchers are also working on creating new materials and structures which can sense and repair themselves”可知，科学家们通过改进脑机接口以及开发新的材料和结构来使仿生手臂更接近真实手臂。 4. C 【解析】迁移运用题。根据第一段中“it shows how humans copy nature to solve problems. That is a science called bionics”可知，仿生学是指人类通过模仿自然来解决问题，选项C“通过模仿一些昆虫的眼睛设计相机”是典型的仿生学应用。 Passage 7 【导语】本文介绍了丝绸之路的由来以及跨文化交流的重要性。 难句通 名师解难句 The Silk Road became a busy highway for traders who carried things across deserts and mountains. 本句为一个带定语从句的主从复合句。定语从句为who carried things across deserts and mountains，关系代词为who，修饰traders。 句意：丝绸之路成了一条繁忙的“高速公路”，供商人们跨越沙漠和山脉运输货物。 1. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据“People believed that silk was first invented by Leizu, the wife of the Yellow Emperor”可知，丝绸是嫘祖发明的。 2. B 【解析】细节理解题。 明题意 题意为“根据第三段内容，中国向西方传播了什么？” 材料定位 根据“From China, people sold silk and tea. In return, they received treasures such as spices, gold and silver from the West”和“For example, Chinese inventions like papermaking were spread to the West”可知，丝绸、茶叶和造纸术从中国运到西方 答案 故选B 3. C 【解析】细节排序题。根据“Following kings' orders, the Chinese kept the secret of making silk for centuries”“Zhang Qian traveled west as far as Central Asia and brought silk there”“At the very beginning, it was mainly about trade”和“Art, music and even language were shard along this ancient road”可知，正确顺序为④①③②。 4. A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据“you can see how art pieces combined Eastern and Western styles into something distinctive”可知，中西方文化融合会出现特殊的东西。 5. D 【解析】主旨大意题。根据“The story of the Silk Road tells us how people from faraway lands could become friends through trade and shared ideas”可知，丝绸之路的故事告诉我们人们能通过贸易和分享成为朋友，因此介绍了跨文化交流的重要性。 Passage 8 【导语】本文主要讨论了全球森林面积锐减的严峻现状，并分析了森林消失的主要原因。 1. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据“That's an area about the size of Italy”可知，通过将森林消失面积与意大利国土面积对比，强调森林损失的严重程度。 2. B 【解析】信息回填题。根据“This country has the largest area of rainforest in the world”可知，空白处需引出具体国家案例来支撑前文“火灾是森林消失主因”的论点。 3. A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据“Bolivia's forest loss doubled in 2024”可知，发展中国家森林消失问题更严重，serious词义相近。 4. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“Thanks to cooperation at many levels, China had the biggest increase in forest area”可知，中国森林面积增长的原因是多方协作。 5. D 【解析】标题匹配题。文章围绕全球森林消失的危机展开，通过数据和案例分析问题，并呼吁行动。D选项“森林减少令世界担忧”最贴合主旨。 Passage 9 【导语】本文主要讲述了大型热带树木如何在被雷击后幸存并从中受益的研究发现。 1. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“However, they think that trees will be heated less if they're more conductive. That means the energy from lightning is just moving to their neighbors, instead of staying in them”可知，导电性强的树能将雷电能量传导给周围的树，从而减少自身受到的伤害。 2. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据“The lightning's strong power kills the parasitic vines on the trees. It also kills some other trees nearby, reducing competition”可知，雷击清除寄生藤蔓并减少竞争，为这些树创造了更好的生存条件。 3. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“If you are in the forest where it is, you'll know what it is—its huge size and height”可知，Dipteryx oleifera的特点是高大。 4. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“People can't do tree ring dating in tropical forests because the trees don't make continuous growth rings”可知，热带树木没有连续的年轮，因此无法准确测定年龄。 5. B 【解析】文章出处题。通读全文可知，全文围绕热带树木与雷击的生态关系展开，属于自然科学范畴。 Passage 10 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了灯笼鱼的外形特征、生活习性以及发光功能。 1. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据“Most lanternfish are brown on top and silver underneath”可知，大多数灯笼鱼顶部是棕色的。 2. D 【解析】词义猜测题。根据“the daylight becomes dimmer and dimmer... the daylight is almost gone”可知，随着深度增加，日光逐渐变弱直至几乎消失，因此dimmer意为“更暗的”。 3. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“There are over 230 different kinds of lanternfish in the world”可知，全球有超过230种灯笼鱼。 4. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“They also use their lights to send information so that they can recognise each other”可知，灯笼鱼通过发光传递信息以互相识别。 5. D 【解析】文章出处题。通读全文可知，全文围绕海洋生物灯笼鱼展开，介绍其自然特征，因此最可能出现在杂志的“自然”部分。 Passage 11 【导语】本文主要介绍了长征5号的情况，由此引出对于月球情况的介绍，突出了从月球上带回样本对于航空事业有重大帮助。 知识积累 名师析语篇 1. take off（飞机、火箭等）起飞；发射 2. land on登陆；着陆在……上 3. carry out执行；实施 4. find out查明；找出；弄清楚 5. compare… with…把……和……比较 6. be of great value有重大价值 1. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据“Several days later the probe was programmed to land on the moon's far side and started its tasks, which would last about 53 days”可知，探测器被设定在月球背面着陆后，开始了它的任务。 2. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据“This is the world's first try to bring samples from the moon's far side. For China, it's the second sample-return moon journey... but all these samples were collected from the moon's near side”可知，中国从月球近侧采集过一次样本。 3. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“Chinese researchers have found that the soil on the far side is much thicker than that on the near side”可知，月球背面的土壤比近侧厚得多。 4. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据“Comparing the make-up of the far side samples from Chang'e 6 with those collected from the near side will be of great scientific value to the international community”可知，嫦娥六号正在为世界执行一项有价值的任务。 Passage 12 【导语】本文讲述了造成家庭火灾的各种因素及如何预防家庭火灾。 1. D 【解析】写作手法题。根据“On average, firefighters get a fire call every 24 seconds in the US. Every 87 seconds, a home fire happens. Just between January 1st, 2019 and January 1st, 2024, there were 11, 180…”可知，作者通过列数字开始文章。 2. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据“Cooking tools are the number-one cause of home fires”可知，烹饪工具是家庭火灾的头号原因。 3. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“A good plan should start with two escape ways from every room. Then know how fast your family can run, tell kids when and how to get out, and make a house map with all doors and windows. At last, choose a meeting place outside. And don't forget to practice it often with every family member”可知，第四步是制作一张包含所有门窗的房屋地图。 4. B 【解析】标题匹配题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了造成家庭火灾的各种因素及如何预防家庭火灾，所以“家庭消防安全”最适合做标题。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $