专题一 名词-（Word试题版）2026年中考英语真题分类汇编分层练

**基本信息** 初中英语名词词义辨析专项训练，20道题覆盖科技（深海钻探船）、社会热点（神舟十八号斑马鱼）、文化（中国泥塑艺术）及生活场景（查词典、节水），解析含考点拓展（如advice用法），适配中考复习巩固。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单项填空|20题|名词词义辨析|结合深海钻探船（第1题）、神舟十八号斑马鱼（第12题）等科技与社会热点，融入中国泥塑艺术（第18题）等文化元素，解析含advice用法等考点拓展，贴近中考语境化命题趋势|

第一部分 语言知识运用 一、单项填空 专题一 名词 考点1 名词词义辨析 1. The use of China's first home-built ocean drilling (钻探) ship shows a big ________ forward in China's deep sea exploring. A. hole B. flag C. bridge D. step 2. —What's the advantage of your transport services? —Whether it's by land, sea or air, we use our ________ to serve you. A. courage B. challenge C. passage D. knowledge 3. Alice, you must wear a uniform because it builds school ________. A. spirit B. chance C. peace D. knowledge 4. —Alan, could you pass me the ________ over there? I want to look up a word. —Sure. Here you are. A. pen B. dictionary C. ruler D. pencil 5. She gets up early every morning. It's a good ________. A. book B. habit C. tool D. day 6. David left the school pop group. Then I took over his ________ as lead singer. A. farm B. part C. role D. sale 7. Qian Xuesen, father of China's space program, is one of the greatest ________ in the world. A. farmers B. astronauts C. directors D. scientists 8. In the art classroom, Li Li cut out a thin wood board in the ________ of Tian'anmen. A. place B. size C. shape 9. Daming often asks his teacher for ________ about how to improve his English. A. noise B. shape C. advice D. life 10. —You'd better take a compass (指南针) when you are travelling in the forest. It is difficult to find the correct ________. —OK, thanks for your advice. A. direction B. condition C. information 11. To help cut down ________ pollution, many people go to work on foot or by bike now. A. air B. land C. water 12. —Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18? —They have ________ like small size and short development cycle. A. stages B. advantages C. messages D. passages 13. —Have you set a ________ on your new phone? —Certainly. I have to protect my personal information. A. date B. lock C. wallpaper D. language 14. My birthday ________ is a toy panda. It's from my grandma. A. trip B. month C. gift D. color 15. —World Sleep Day falls on March 21st. Do you think sleep is important? —I think so. Sleeping well can give you enough ________. A. courage B. energy C. reason 16. —The movie is popular with students. Do you know the ________? —It tells the real life of the students. A. result B. reason C. choice 17. Tony turns off the shower to save ________ while he is washing his hair. A. time B. paper C. water 18. You can have a better understanding of Chinese ________ by learning about Chinese clay art. A. dream B. courage C. culture 19. —Can you give me some ________ on learning English well? —Sure. Watching English programs is a good way. A. news B. advice C. decisions D. messages 20. All in all, ________ with friends is the best medicine for your mental health (心理健康). Hope my advice can help you. A. communication B. information C. instruction 讲评式解析 第一部分 语言知识运用 一、单项填空 专题一 名词 考点1 名词词义辨析 1. D 【解析】根据“a big…forward in China's deep sea exploring”可知是中国深海勘探向前迈出了一大步。 2. D 【解析】根据“What's the advantage of your transport services?”可知，运输服务的优势在于运用（专业）知识来服务对方。 3. A 【解析】由“wear a uniform because it builds school”及常识可知，穿校服可以树立学校精神。 4. B 【解析】根据“I want to look up a word”可知，查单词需要用词典。 5. B 【解析】根据“gets up early every morning”可知，每天早起是一种好习惯。 6. C 【解析】根据“David left the school pop group. Then I took over his…as lead singer”可知，“我”接替了戴维担任主唱的角色。 7. D 【解析】句意：……是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。 8. C 【解析】根据“Li Li cut out a thin wood board in the…of Tian'anmen”可知，李丽用一块薄木板做出了天安门的形状。 9. C 【解析】句意：大明经常向老师请教关于如何提高英语的建议。 考点通 名师讲考点 advice的用法 advice为不可数名词，意思是“建议”或“忠告”。动词形式为advise。 give advice （to sb.）给（某人）建议 ask for advice寻求建议 take/ follow sb.'s advice听从某人的建议 a piece of advice一条建议 10. A 【解析】根据“You'd better take a compass”可知，指南针是用来辨别方向的。 11. A 【解析】句意：为了帮助减少空气污染，现在很多人选择步行或骑自行车去上班。 12. B 【解析】根据“Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18?”可知，答语应是介绍带它们上去的原因。再结合“like small size and short development cycle”可知，这些应是它们的优势。 13. B 【解析】根据“I have to protect my personal information”可知，设置锁保护手机里的个人信息。 14. C 【解析】句意：我的生日礼物是一只玩具熊猫。是我奶奶送的。 15. B 【解析】根据“Sleeping well can give you enough...”可知，睡得好可以给你足够的能量。 16. B 【解析】根据“It tells the real life of the students”可知，此处指原因。 17. C 【解析】根据“while he is washing his hair”可知洗头的时候关水龙头是为了节约用水。 18. C 【解析】根据“learning about Chinese clay art”可知是指更好地了解中国文化。 19. B 【解析】根据“Watching English programs is a good way”可知，这里给的是学英语的建议。 20. A 【解析】句意：总而言之，与朋友的交流是你心理健康的最佳药物。希望我的建议能帮到你。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考点2 名词所有格 1. They all think my eyes look bigger than ________. A. my brother B. my brothers C. my brother's 2. —Who left a notebook in the English club? —It's not ________. Maybe it's ________. A. me; Jack's B. mine; Jack's C. mine; Jack 考点2 名词所有格 1. C 【解析】根据“my eyes look bigger than”可知“我”的眼睛比哥哥的眼睛大，故此处用名词所有格my brother's，表示“我哥哥的眼睛”。 2. B 【解析】句意：——谁把一本笔记本落在英语俱乐部了？——它不是我的，可能是杰克的。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $