专题28 语篇类型(知识清单)-2026年小升初英语复习讲练测(山东专版)

2026-05-09
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小升初英语专题总复习 专题28 语篇类型 考点一 语篇类型核心定位与新课标依据 1.新课标核心要求 2022年版《义务教育英语课程标准》明确:语篇是语言学习与运用的基本单位,学生需通过不同类型的语篇理解语言的意义、形式与使用规则,提升语言综合运用能力。语篇分为连续性文本(记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文)和非连续性文本(图表、海报、时刻表、图示等)两大类,是山东小升初英语命题的核心载体,与三大主题范畴深度绑定。 2.山东考情分析 分值占比:语篇类型相关题型(选词填空、完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达)在山东各地市小升初试卷中占比35%-45%,是分值最高的核心板块。 教材适配:100%覆盖鲁科版、人教版、外研版小学英语教材中出现的全部语篇类型,命题深度融合山东本土文化、地域特色与生活场景。 考查重点:不仅考查基础词汇、语法知识,更侧重考查学生对不同语篇的结构逻辑、交际功能、语言特征的识别与理解能力,贴合新课标核心素养考查要求。 3.核心易错提醒 语篇类型决定阅读策略和写作结构,同一主题下,不同语篇类型的语言表达、逻辑框架完全不同,不可混用。例如“介绍泰山”,记叙文需写旅行经历,说明文需写泰山的特征与文化,应用文可写泰山旅行的邀请邮件,三者结构与语言风格差异显著。 考点二 山东小升初必考核心语篇类型 一、记叙文(山东占比最高,必考核心) 1.定义与核心特点 以叙述事件、人物经历、故事发展为主,通常按时间顺序组织内容,包含人物、时间、地点、起因、经过、结果(5W&1H)六大核心要素。语言生动,叙事类文本以一般过去时为主,人物介绍类文本以一般现在时为主。 2.山东高频考查方向 ○游记类:泰山、崂山、曲阜三孔、趵突泉、蓬莱阁等山东景点的旅行经历 ○人物故事类:孔子、孔融、鲁班等齐鲁历史名人故事,校园/家庭人物记事 ○生活记事类:山东传统节日习俗、潍坊风筝节、吕剧表演等本土活动经历 ○日记类:日常活动、研学旅行、环保志愿活动等生活记录 3.山东本土示例 My Trip to Mount Tai Last summer, I climbed Mount Tai with my parents. We started at the foot of the mountain at 8:00 in the morning. We talked and laughed all the way. At 4:00 in the afternoon, we got to the top. The next morning, we saw the amazing sunrise. I will never forget this trip. 4.阅读策略 ○第一步:抓住5W1H,快速锁定人物、时间、地点、核心事件 ○第二步:理清事件发展顺序(First/Then/Finally/At last等连接词) ○第三步:关注人物情感变化与故事结尾的道理/收获 5.写作要点 ○开头:交代背景(时间、人物、地点) ○中间:按时间顺序叙述事件经过,加入细节描写 ○结尾:表达感受、收获或感悟 二、说明文(山东第二高频,科普类核心) 1.定义与核心特点 以解释事物特征、原理、现象,或介绍事物功能、用途为主,语言客观、准确、简洁,以一般现在时为核心时态,常用定义、分类、举例、列数字、作比较等说明方法。 2.山东高频考查方向 ○景点/非遗介绍类:泰山、曲阜三孔、潍坊风筝、吕剧、山东快书等齐鲁文化相关说明 ○科普类:黄河生态、山东特色动植物(烟台苹果、莱阳梨、黄河鲤鱼)、自然现象科普 ○物品/规则介绍类:校园规则、环保方法、山东特产介绍 3.山东本土示例 Weifang Kites Weifang is famous as the World Kite Capital. Kites have a long history in Weifang. There are many kinds of kites, like animal kites, cartoon kites and traditional Chinese kites. Every April, the Weifang Kite Festival is held. People from all over the world come here to fly kites. 4.阅读策略 ○第一步:快速锁定说明对象,明确文章核心介绍的事物 ○第二步:抓取说明对象的核心特征、相关数据、功能用途 ○第三步:关注因果、并列、转折等逻辑连接词,理清说明顺序 5.写作要点 ○开头:直接点明说明对象 ○中间:分点/分段介绍对象的特征、用途、相关知识,用连接词让逻辑清晰 ○结尾:总结说明对象的意义/价值 三、应用文(山东必考实用类,书面表达核心) 1.定义与核心特点 用于日常生活、校园社交、公共场景,具有固定格式和明确的交际目的,语言简洁明了,实用性和规范性强。 2.山东高频考查类型与核心要求 应用文类型 核心格式要求 山东高频考查主题 书信/邮件 开头称呼、正文、结尾祝福语、落款署名 给笔友介绍山东家乡/景点、邀请朋友参加山东研学活动、节日问候邮件 通知(Notice) 标题NOTICE、正文、落款(发布人+日期) 学校研学旅行通知、校园风筝节活动通知、环保志愿活动通知 日记 左上角写日期、星期、天气,正文按时间顺序叙事 山东景点旅行日记、节日活动日记、日常活动记录 海报/广告 标题、活动时间/地点/内容、报名方式、落款 英语社团招募、山东景点研学海报、校园文化节广告 便条 称呼、正文、署名、日期 请假条、留言条、邀请便条 3.山东本土示例(通知) 4.阅读策略 ○第一步:识别语篇格式,快速判断应用文类型 ○第二步:提取核心关键信息(时间、地点、活动要求、联系方式、报名方式) ○第三步:明确文本的交际意图(邀请、告知、请求、招募、感谢等) 5.写作要点 ○严格遵循对应文体的固定格式,不可遗漏要素 ○语言简洁,信息完整,不写无关内容 ○根据交际场景选择恰当的语气(正式/非正式) 四、对话语篇(山东基础必考,情景交际核心) 1.定义与核心特点 以两人或多人的日常交际对话为载体,语言口语化、交际性强,有明确的对话场景和交际目的,考查学生在真实语境中的语言运用能力。 2.山东高频考查方向 ○旅行场景:山东景点问路、酒店入住、特产购物、旅行计划讨论 ○校园场景:借物品、邀请参加活动、讨论学习、周末计划 ○日常交际:问候、感谢、道歉、邀请、打电话 3.山东本土示例 A: Hi, Li Hua. The summer holiday is coming. Do you have any plans? B: Yes, I'm going to Yantai with my family. We want to visit the beach and eat fresh seafood. A: That sounds great! How will you go there? B: We will go there by high-speed train. It's fast and comfortable. A: Have a good time! B: Thank you! 4.阅读策略 ○第一步:先通读对话,明确对话场景和交际主题 ○第二步:看问句找对应答句,看答句反推问句,关注问答匹配 ○第三步:抓住对话中的关键信息(时间、地点、人物计划、态度) 5.写作/补全对话要点 ○严格遵循“问答对应”原则,问句和答句逻辑匹配 ○贴合交际场景,使用符合小学阶段的口语化表达 ○注意人称、时态、单复数的前后一致 五、非连续性文本(山东高频拓展题,阅读理解难点) 1.定义与核心特点 由图表、表格、图示、海报、时刻表、地图、说明书等组成,信息呈现直观、分散,考查学生碎片化信息整合、快速定位、对比推理的能力,是山东小升初阅读理解的高频拓展题型。 2.山东高频考查方向 ○表格类:山东景点门票价格表、研学行程表、课程表、天气统计表 ○海报类:山东文化节活动海报、校园研学海报、社团招募海报 ○图示类:山东景点导游图、垃圾分类图示、交通路线图 3.山东本土示例 Mount Tai Ticket Information Peak Season (March-November): 115 yuan per adult Off Season (December-February): 100 yuan per adult Child under 1.4m: Free Student with ID: Half price Opening Time: 5:00 am - 10:00 pm 4.阅读策略 ○第一步:先读标题和图例,明确文本核心主题 ○第二步:快速扫描数字、时间、地点、价格等关键信息 ○第三步:结合题干关键词,回原文定位比对,交叉验证信息 5.答题要点 ○不主观臆断,所有答案必须来自图表中的信息 ○关注数字、单位、限定条件,避免看错细节 注意信息的适用范围,不扩大或缩小文本内容。考点三 山东专属解题技巧(必考提分核心) 一、分语篇类型专属解题技巧 语篇类型 山东专属解题技巧 真题应用示例 记叙文 三步解题法 1. 标时间词:圈出文中的时间标志词,理清事件先后顺序 2. 划人物线:标注人物的动作、语言、情感变化 3. 定主旨句:重点看开头结尾,锁定故事核心与道理 山东真题记叙文主题为“泰山之旅”,先圈出last summer、at 8:00、at 4:00、the next morning等时间词,快速理清行程顺序,直接定位细节题答案 说明文 四抓解题法 1. 抓首句:说明文首句通常点明说明对象,直接锁定核心 2. 抓关键词:圈出专有名词、数字、形容词等特征词 3. 抓逻辑词:关注because、so、but、and等逻辑连接词 4. 抓尾句:尾句通常总结说明对象的意义,对应主旨题 山东真题说明文主题为“黄河生态”,首句直接点明说明对象,主旨题直接对应首句+尾句;细节题通过数字、专有名词快速定位 应用文 关键词定位法 1. 先看题干,圈出要找的信息(时间、地点、价格、要求) 2. 回原文扫读,精准定位关键词所在位置 3. 比对选项与原文,排除干扰项,锁定正确答案 山东真题应用文为“研学通知”,题干问集合时间,直接回原文找Time相关内容,10秒锁定答案 对话语篇 问答匹配法 1. 答句找问句:答句是具体内容,问句大概率是What/Where/When/How等特殊疑问句 2. 问句找答句:问句是一般疑问句,答句必有Yes/No;问句是特殊疑问句,答句对应具体信息 3. 场景匹配法:根据对话场景,选择符合交际习惯的表达 山东真题对话主题为“景点问路”,答句是路线描述,直接锁定问句为How can I get to... 非连续性文本 先题后文法 1. 先读题干,明确要找的信息类型 2. 再看图表标题、图例、表头,明确信息分布 3. 精准定位对应区域,比对细节,排除干扰项 山东真题非连续性文本为“泰山门票价格表”,题干问学生票价格,直接定位Student with ID相关内容,快速得出答案 二、通用解题技巧(全题型适用) 1.题文同序原则:阅读理解题目的顺序,基本和文章内容出现的顺序一致,可按顺序定位答案,避免反复通读全文浪费时间。 2.原文定位原则:所有客观题的答案,都能在原文中找到对应依据,绝对不主观臆断、凭空想象。 3.排除法优先:遇到不确定的题目,先排除明显错误的选项(和原文相反、无中生有、偷换概念的选项),缩小选择范围。 4.主旨优先原则:主旨大意题、最佳标题题,正确答案必须覆盖全文核心内容,不能只对应文中的某一个细节。考点四 山东专版备考策略 一、山东考区题型与语篇类型适配表 题型 山东高频考查语篇类型 考查核心 山东本土高频主题 语篇选词填空 记叙文、说明文 语篇整体理解、词汇语法搭配、逻辑连贯 山东旅行游记、黄河生态科普、校园生活记事 完形填空 记叙文(80%)、说明文(20%) 语篇逻辑、词汇辨析、语法运用、上下文联动 齐鲁名人故事、山东景点游记、环保志愿活动 阅读理解 记叙文、说明文、应用文、非连续性文本 细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测 泰山/曲阜景点介绍、潍坊风筝节说明文、研学通知、景点门票表格 书面表达 记叙文、应用文 内容完整性、语言准确性、结构连贯性、格式规范性 我的山东旅行、给笔友介绍家乡、节日日记、活动通知 情景交际 对话语篇 日常交际用语、问答匹配、场景交际能力 山东旅行问路、特产购物、活动邀请 二、核心易错提醒 不同题型对语篇类型的考查侧重点不同:完形填空侧重记叙文的上下文逻辑,阅读理解侧重全类型的信息提取,书面表达侧重记叙文和应用文的格式与结构,备考时需分题型针对性训练。 考点五 山东专版备考策略 1.分类型梳理语篇结构与语言特征 按照记叙文、说明文、应用文、对话语篇、非连续性文本五大类,分别整理每种语篇的结构框架、核心时态、常用连接词、高频句型,建立系统的语篇知识体系。例如:整理记叙文的叙事连接词、应用文的固定格式、说明文的说明顺序。 2.主题+语篇类型双维度综合训练 结合山东高频三大主题(人与自我、人与社会、人与自然),进行同一主题下不同语篇类型的对比训练。例如:“黄河”主题下,同时训练记叙文(黄河旅行日记)、说明文(黄河生态介绍)、应用文(黄河环保活动通知),深入理解语篇类型对语言表达的影响。 3.齐鲁本土语篇素材定向积累 重点积累山东本土相关的语篇素材,包括: ○山东地标:泰山、三孔、趵突泉、蓬莱阁、黄河入海口等相关英文表达 ○齐鲁文化:孔子、孔融、鲁班等名人故事,潍坊风筝、吕剧、山东快书等非遗英文介绍 ○山东生活:传统节日习俗、特色美食、校园研学活动等相关句型 适配山东小升初命题的本土偏好,避免考场遇到陌生素材慌乱。 4.书面表达分文体格式与模板专项训练 针对山东小升初书面表达必考的记叙文、应用文,专项训练固定格式和高分模板: ○记叙文:掌握“开头背景-中间叙事-结尾感悟”的三段式结构,积累山东本土主题的高分句型 ○应用文:背熟邮件、通知、日记的固定格式,避免格式扣分,整理不同场景的通用模板 每周练习1-2篇,贴合山东本土主题,做到格式规范、内容完整、语言准确。 5.强化非连续性文本信息提取能力 针对山东小升初高频拓展的非连续性文本,每周进行专项训练,重点练习表格、海报、行程图、门票信息类题目,提升快速定位、信息比对、数字计算的能力,攻克阅读理解难点。 【记叙文·山东本土主题】一、完形填空 My Trip to the Yellow River Last Saturday, I went to the Yellow River with my parents. The Yellow River is the 1 longest river in China. We call it the "mother river of China". It flows through my hometown Shandong. We went there 2 car. When we got to the river bank, we were very excited. The river was so wide and beautiful. We 3 a big ship on the river. My father told me a lot of stories about the Yellow River. I learned that the river 4 a lot to the people in Shandong. We walked along the river bank. We saw many birds flying in the sky. We also 5 up the rubbish on the ground. We wanted to 6 the mother river clean. At noon, we 7 lunch at a restaurant near the river. We ate delicious Shandong food. In the afternoon, we visited the Yellow River Museum. We saw many old photos and learned more 8 the ecological protection of the Yellow River. At 4:00 pm, we went back home. We were a little 9, but we felt very happy. This trip let me know more about the Yellow River. I will 10 do something to protect our mother river. ( ) 1. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth ( ) 2. A. by B. on C. in D. with ( ) 3. A. see B. saw C. are seeing D. sees ( ) 4. A. means B. mean C. meant D. meaning ( ) 5. A. pick B. picks C. picked D. picking ( ) 6. A. keep B. make C. let D. take ( ) 7. A. have B. has C. had D. having ( ) 8. A. about B. for C. with D. to ( ) 9. A. happy B. excited C. tired D. angry ( ) 10. A. never B. always C. hardly D. seldom 【应用文·通知·山东本土主题】二、阅读理解(每题3分,共30分) (A) NOTICE School Study Tour to Weifang Dear students, Our school will have a two-day study tour to Weifang, the World Kite Capital, on June 15th and 16th. Here is the schedule. Day 1 (June 15th): - 7:30 am: Gather at the school gate, take the bus to Weifang - 10:00 am: Visit the Weifang Kite Museum - 12:30 pm: Have lunch at a local restaurant - 2:30 pm: Kite making lesson with local folk artists - 6:00 pm: Check in the hotel, have dinner Day 2 (June 16th): - 8:00 am: Go to the Weifang Kite Square - 9:00 am: Kite flying competition - 12:00 pm: Have lunch - 2:00 pm: Visit the traditional folk art museum - 4:00 pm: Go back to school What to bring: - A schoolbag, a notebook, a pen - Comfortable clothes and sports shoes - A water bottle and some snacks Tips: - Please get to the school gate on time. - Don't run or play during the bus ride. - Listen to the teachers and guides carefully. Students' Union June 5th, 2026 根据短文内容,选择正确答案 ( ) 1.How long will the study tour to Weifang last? A. One day B. Two days C. Three days D. Four days ( ) 2.What will the students do on the afternoon of June 15th? A. Visit the Kite Museum B. Have a kite flying competition C. Take a kite making lesson D. Visit the folk art museum ( ) 3.Which of the following do students NOT need to bring? A. A notebook B. Sports shoes C. A water bottle D. A computer ( ) 4.When will the kite flying competition be held? A. At 9:00 am on June 15th B. At 2:30 pm on June 15th C. At 9:00 am on June 16th D. At 2:00 pm on June 16th ( ) 5.Which of the following is TRUE according to the notice? A. Students will go to Weifang by train. B. Students will have lunch at the hotel on June 15th. C. Students don't need to listen to the guides. D. Students will visit two museums during the tour. (B)【说明文·齐鲁文化主题】 Kong Rong Shares Pears Kong Rong was a famous person in ancient Shandong. He lived in the Eastern Han Dynasty, more than 1800 years ago. He was one of the sons of Confucius' 20th generation. There is a famous story about Kong Rong. When he was four years old, his father bought some pears. His father asked him and his brothers to choose a pear. Kong Rong chose the smallest one. His father was very surprised and asked, "Why do you take the smallest pear?" Kong Rong said, "I am younger than my elder brothers. I should eat the smaller one. They are older than me, so they need the bigger ones. And I am older than my little brother. I should leave the bigger one to him, too." His father was very happy after hearing his words. He praised Kong Rong for his kindness. From then on, the story of Kong Rong sharing pears spread all over China. It tells us to be kind, polite and think of others. Now, the story is still taught in primary schools in China. 根据短文内容,选择正确答案 ( ) 6.Where did Kong Rong live in ancient China? A. In Shandong B. In Beijing C. In Shanghai D. In Guangdong ( ) 7.How old was Kong Rong when the story happened? A. Three years old B. Four years old C. Five years old D. Six years old ( ) 8.Which pear did Kong Rong choose? A. The biggest one B. The smallest one C. The reddest one D. The sweetest one ( ) 9.What does the story tell us? A. We should eat more pears to keep healthy. B. We should be kind and think of others. C. We should study hard at school. D. We should listen to our parents. ( ) 10.Which of the following is NOT true? A. Kong Rong lived more than 1800 years ago. B. Kong Rong was a descendant of Confucius. C. The story of Kong Rong is only known in Shandong. D. The story is still taught in primary schools now. 三、书面表达 从以下4个山东本土高频题目中任选一个,写一篇不少于5句话、40-60词的英语短文,要求贴合语篇类型要求,语法正确,语句通顺。 1.【记叙文】题目:My Trip to ______(填写一个山东景点,如Mount Tai / Baotu Spring等) 2.【应用文·邮件】题目:给你的英国笔友Jack写一封邮件,介绍山东的一个传统美食/非遗文化。 3.【说明文】题目:My Hometown(介绍你的山东家乡,如济南、青岛、烟台等) 4.【应用文·通知】以学生会的名义,写一则关于学校“山东文化节”的活动通知。 ______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案与解析 一、完形填空 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.B 解析: 1.B 解析:黄河是中国第二长河,second符合常识。 2.A 解析:by car 乘汽车,固定搭配。 3.B 解析:全文为一般过去时,see的过去式为saw。 4.A 解析:黄河对山东人民意义重大,客观事实用一般现在时,the river是三单,用means。 5.C 解析:pick up的过去式为picked。 6.A 解析:keep the river clean 保持河流干净,固定搭配。 7.C 解析:have lunch的过去式为had lunch。 8.A 解析:learn about 了解,固定短语。 9.C 解析:我们有点累,但是很开心,tired符合语境。 10.B 解析:我会一直做些事来保护我们的母亲河,always符合语境。 二、阅读理解 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.C 解析: (A) 1.B 解析:通知明确提到two-day study tour,持续两天。 2.C 解析:6月15日下午2:30是风筝制作课。 3.D 解析:需要带的物品里没有电脑。 4.C 解析:6月16日上午9点是放风筝比赛。 5.D 解析:行程中会参观风筝博物馆和传统民间艺术博物馆,共两个博物馆,D正确。 (B) 6.A 解析:原文第一句提到Kong Rong was a famous person in ancient Shandong.。 7.B 解析:原文提到When he was four years old, his father bought some pears.。 8.B 解析:原文提到Kong Rong chose the smallest one.。 9.B 解析:原文最后一段提到It tells us to be kind, polite and think of others.。 10.C 解析:原文提到the story of Kong Rong sharing pears spread all over China,并非只在山东有名,C错误。 三、书面表达 参考范文(高分示例) 1.【记叙文】My Trip to Mount Tai Last summer holiday, I went to Mount Tai with my parents. We went there by high-speed train. We climbed the mountain all day and got to the top in the evening. The next morning, we saw the amazing sunrise. It was so beautiful. I will never forget this wonderful trip. 2.【应用文·邮件】 Dear Jack, How's everything going? Today I want to tell you about a famous traditional art in Shandong — Weifang kites. Weifang is the World Kite Capital. Kites here have a long history. There are many kinds of beautiful kites. Every April, the Kite Festival is held here. I hope you can come and see it one day. Best wishes, Li Hua 3.【说明文】My Hometown My hometown is Jinan, the spring city of Shandong. It is a beautiful city with a long history. There are many famous springs here, like Baotu Spring. Daming Lake is also a good place to visit. People here are very friendly. The food in Jinan is delicious. I love my hometown very much. 4.【应用文·通知】 NOTICE Shandong Culture Festival Dear students, Our school will hold the Shandong Culture Festival in the school hall on June 20th. We will have many interesting activities, including the Lu Opera show, Shandong food show, and Kong Rong's story speech. Time: 2:00 pm - 5:00 pm, June 20th Place: School Hall Welcome all students to join us! Students' Union June 8th, 2026 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题28 语篇类型(知识清单)-2026年小升初英语复习讲练测(山东专版)
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专题28 语篇类型(知识清单)-2026年小升初英语复习讲练测(山东专版)
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专题28 语篇类型(知识清单)-2026年小升初英语复习讲练测(山东专版)
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