专题18 Unit 12 The Wonderland of Literature（语法&写作）精讲-2025-2026学年英语八年级下册同步单元复习（新仁爱科普版）

专题18 Unit 12 The Wonderland of Literature （语法&写作）精讲 语法精讲 1.动词变-ed/-ing形容词 (1)拼写规则 情况 变-ed规则 变-ing规则 示例 一般动词 直接+ed 直接+ing interest→interested/interesting 不发音e结尾 直接+d 去e+ing excite→excited/exciting 辅音+y结尾 y→i+ed 直接+ing worry→worried/worrying 重读闭音节 (辅+元+辅) 双写尾字母+ed 双写尾字母+ing plan→planned/planning (2)-ed/-ing形容词用法解析 ①-ed形容词 核心含义；感到……的(侧重人的主观心情、感受) e.g.I'm interested in music.我对音乐感兴趣。She is excited about the trip.她对这次旅行感到很兴奋。 ②-ing形容词 核心含义：令人……的(侧重事物、事情给人的客观感受) e.g.The game is interesting.这个游戏很有趣。The movie is exciting.这部电影很刺激。 （3）常见词 动词加上形容词后缀-ed或-ing构成形容词，以-ed结尾的形容词修饰人;以-ing结尾的形容词修饰物。 后缀-ed： ......的状态，或感觉，修饰人 后缀-ing： ......的;令人......的，修饰物 tired感到疲倦的 tiring令人疲倦的 interested感到有趣的 interesting有趣的 excited感到兴奋的 exciting令人兴奋的 surprised感到惊讶的 surprising令人惊讶的 moved感动的 moving令人感动的 worried真心的 worrying令人担忧的 bored感到无聊的 boring无聊的 amazed感到惊奇的 amazing令人惊奇的 scared感到害怕的 scaring令人惊惧的 confused困惑的，糊涂的 confusing令人费解的，令人迷惑 embarrassed尴尬的，窘迫的 embarrassing使人尴尬的 随堂训练 根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形容词形式填空。 1.After reading the long and________article about Shakespeare,I felt very________.(tire) 2.The students were________in the________story about a magic book.(interest) 3.We were________to see how the author described the storm;it was so________.(surprise) 4.The ending of the novel was so________that all the readers were deeply________.(move) 5.She found the history part of the play________.(interest) 6.The children were________by the________adventure of the young hero.(excite) 7.I was________to learn the true meaning of the poem,which was really________.(amaze) 8.The dark castle in the story looked________,and it made the main character feel________.(scare) 9.They were________by the________change in the main character’s attitude.(surprise) 10.--Did you understand the rules?I found them________.(confuse) --I was________at first too,but Mr Thompson explained them to me.(confuse) 【答案】 1.tiring/tired2.interested/interesting3.surprised/surprising4.moving/moved5.interesting6.excited/exciting 7.amazed/amazing8.scaring/scared9.surprised/surprising10.confusing/confused 宾语从句(Ⅱ) 宾语从句大致可以分为三类:that引导的宾语从句、if/whether引导的宾语从句和疑问词引导的宾语从句。在本单元中,我们学习that、if和whether引导的宾语从句。 that引导的宾语从句 当谓语动词表示肯定的概念,如“希望”“相信”“知道”或“说”时,其后的宾语从句一般用that引导。that没有任何词汇意义,只具有语法功能,目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是前面动词的宾语,多数情况下that可以省略。 I hope(that)it will rain this afternoon.我希望今天下午会下雨。 不可省略that的常见情况 (1)当一个句子有多个并列的宾语从句时,通常第一个宾语从句前的that可省略,但后面的that不可省略。 She wrote(that)she would come and see him sometimes,and that she would never forget what he had done for her.她写信说,她会不时来看他,而且永远不会忘记他为她做的(事情)。 (2)句中带有插入语时,宾语从句的引导词that不可省略。 Your mother said,happily and proudly,that you had won the gold medal.你妈妈高兴又自豪地说,你赢得了金牌。 (3)带补语的宾语从句的引导词that通常不可省略。 He felt it necessary that he should give Liu Bin a call later.他觉得有必要晚些时候给刘彬打个电话。 if/whether引导的宾语从句 当一般疑问句充当句子的宾语时,用连词if或whether引导,if/whether在从句中不充当任何句子成分,意为“是否”,不可省略。宾语从句要用陈述语序。 I don't know whether/if she will come this afternoon.我不知道她今天下午是否会来。 whether与if引导宾语从句时的区别 区别 例句 whether引导的宾语从句可置于句首,而if无此功能。 Whether it is true or not,I can't tell.这是真的还是假的,我说不上来。 whether引导的宾语从句可直接用于介词之后,而if无此功能。 That depends on whether we work hard.那取决于我们是否努力。 whether可与or not直接连用,而if一般不能。 Let me know whether or not you can come.让我知道你是否能来。 疑问词引导的宾语从句 当特殊疑问句充当句子的宾语时,由原来的疑问词作为连接词,这些词在宾语从句中充当一定的句子成分,都有各自的词义,不可省略。疑问词引导的宾语从句也要用陈述语序。 常见连接词的含义及功能如下: 连接词 含义 功能 连 接 代 词 who 谁(主格) 除在句中起连接作用外,还可在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 whom 谁(宾格) whose 谁的 what 什么 which 哪个 连 接 副 词 when 什么时候 除在句中起连接作用外,还可在宾语从句中作状语。 where 什么地方 how 怎样,如何 why 为什么 He asked them what they did at the weekend.他问他们周末做了什么。(what在宾语从句中作宾语) Do you know when he was born?你知道他是何时出生的吗?(when在宾语从句中作时间状语) 连接代词who与whom都指人。who为主格,在从句中作主语或宾语;whom为宾格,在从句中作宾语。 I don't know who is playing the piano next door.我不知道谁正在隔壁弹钢琴。(who在宾语从句中作主语) Could you tell me whom you spoke to just now?你能告诉我你刚才在和谁说话吗?(whom在宾语从句中作宾语) 宾语从句的时态问题 在含有宾语从句的复合句中: (1)主句如果是一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时,从句根据实际情况选用时态。 主句 宾语从句 Mr Smith tells us Mr Smith has told us Mr Smith will tell us Smith先生告诉我们 that he works in a library.他在图书馆工作。 that he is working in a library.他目前在图书馆工作。 that he has worked in a library since 1985.自1985年以来,他一直在图书馆工作。 Mr Smith tells us Mr Smith has told us Mr Smith will tell us Smith先生告诉我们 that he worked in a library last year.去年他在图书馆工作。 that he was working in a library when we first met him.我们第一次见到他时,他在图书馆工作。 (2)主句如果是过去时态,从句通常也用与过去有关的时态。 The teacher said that the students were having an exam.老师说学生们正在考试。 The foreign guests told me that they had learnt a lot during their stay in China.这些外国客人告诉我,他们在中国逗留期间学到了很多东西。 (3)当宾语从句表示的是普遍真理、客观事实或现在看来仍然是真实的情况时,从句用一般现在时,而不受主句时态的影响。 Mother told me that honesty is the best policy.妈妈告诉我诚实总是上策。 (4)在口语中,为了强调从句涉及的某一状态在说话时仍在继续,动作是习惯性的、反复出现的,动作正在进行或尚未发生时,或主从句中所发生的动作时间在同一天,两者相隔很短时,宾语从句有时也用一般现在时、现在进行时或一般将来时。 Mary said that she usually reads a book before going to bed.Mary说她睡觉前通常会看书。 She said that she is flying to Beijing next week.她说她下周要飞往北京。 随堂训练 1.I do not know________gold medal this is.But I know its owner must be worried. A．who B．which C．whose D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我不知道这个金牌是谁的。但我知道它的主人一定很担心。 考查疑问词辨析。who谁；which哪一个；whose谁的；where哪里。“gold medal”金牌，为名词，根据句意，空格处需要一个能表示“谁的”的疑问代词，表示所有关系，询问金牌的归属，故选C。 2.Alice couldn’t find out________,so she handed it to the teacher. A．whose book was it B．who’s the book C．whose book may it D．whose book it was 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Alice找不出这是谁的书，所以她把它交给了老师。 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，此句为宾语从句，语序为陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”的语序，排除选项A和C。根据“she handed it to the teacher”可知，此处指不知道这是谁的书。用whose引导宾语从句。故选D。 3.—Do you know________the new museum will open? —Next month,I think. A．when B．where C．why D．how 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道新博物馆什么时候开放吗？——我认为，下个月。 考查疑问词辨析。when什么时候；where在哪里；why为什么；how如何。根据答句Next month“下个月”表示时间，可知空白处需填入询问时间的疑问词。故选A。 4.—Could you tell me________the nearest supermarket is? —Go along this street and turn left at the first crossing.It’s on your right. A．what B．how C．where D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我最近的超市是在哪里吗？——沿着这条街走，在第一个十字路口左转，它在你的右边。 考查疑问词辨析。what什么；how如何；where哪里；when什么时候。根据答句“Go along this street and turn left...”可知，回答的是超市的具体位置和方向，因此应使用询问地点的疑问词where。故选C。 5.—I wonder________I can protect my eyes.Can you give me some advice? —First of all,you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time. A．why B．where C．how D．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我想知道我怎样能保护我的眼睛。你能给我一些建议吗？——首先，你应该避免长时间看手机屏幕。 考查宾语从句引导词辨析。why为什么，询问原因；where在哪里，询问地点；how怎样，询问方式；which哪一个，通常用于在一定范围内进行选择。根据答语“First of all,you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time.”可知，这是在给出保护眼睛的方式建议，所以问句是在询问“怎样保护眼睛”，应该用how来引导宾语从句。故选C。 写作精讲 本单元的高频写作话题是文学作品，可以从谈论作品创作背景、作者介绍等方面人手，也可以谈论自己对作品及人物的理解、喜好以及从中明白的道理等。 一、从本单元的教材内容和前面的阅读中积累好词好句，为书面表达做好积累准备grow into成长为dream of梦想come out出版depend on依靠get into trouble陷人困境in a word总之My favorite story character is Sun Wukong.我最喜欢的故事人物是孙悟空。 I like Sun Wukong for many reasons.我喜欢孙悟空有很多原因。 He can always come up with ideas to deal with difficulties.他总能想出办法应对困难。 In a word,Sun Wukong is a popular hero among people of all ages. 总之，孙悟空是深受各个年龄段人们喜爱的英雄。 二、仿写短语和句子 1.成长为一名作家 2.出版一本书 3.依靠我们自己 4.帮助别人摆脱困境 5.我最喜欢的故事人物是哈利·波特。 6.我喜欢这个英雄有很多原因。 7.我们总能从书中学习到东西。 8.总之，这位英雄是深受各个年龄段人们喜爱的。 1.have a taste of dumplings 2.a symbol of good luck 3.perform dragon dances 4.many types of Chinese art 5.Paper cutting is a traditional art of China. 6.It began many years ago. 7.I will take you to watch dragon dances. 8.In the eyes of many people,the Great Wallis a symbol of Chinese culture. 例题讲解 为助力打造“书香校园”,学校英语社团将举办以“热爱阅读”为主题的征文活动。请以“Enjoy Reading,Enjoy Life”为题，根据下面提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍你自己的阅读情况并阐述阅读的重要性。词数80左右。开头已给出，不计人总词数。 提示：(1)Why is reading important? (2)What's your favorite book?What's it about? (3)What do you learn from the book? 1.时态：一般现在时 2.人称：第一人称 3.题型分析：这是介绍自己阅读情况的小短文，应以第一人称作主语。 4.行文思路： Enjoy Reading,Enjoy Life Reading is important for everyone,because it can open a new world and people can learn a lot from the books.【高分句型一】It has become part of my life.When reading,I feel relaxed and pleased【高分句型二】It's the best moment to get knowledge and pleasure in life.I have read more than 1,000 books.(为什么重要) My favorite book is Yu Gong Moves the Mountains.It it a story about an old man wanted to remove the mountains.Everyone laughed at him,but he never gave up.At last,the God was moved by his spirit and sent two gods to help him.(最喜欢的书和其大意)The story reminds us that nothing is impossible as long as we work hard.We should not give up.(收获) With a deep love for reading,I can't wait to read more. 随堂训练 （1） 书香浸润灵魂，阅读陪伴成长。阅读是我们一生的旅程，少年正是读书时，让我们一起读书吧!请根据以下图示及要求以“Reading—a Lifelong Journey”为题，用英语写一篇短文，倡导同学们读书。80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Reading—a Lifelong Journey As we know,reading plays an important role in our life. Reading—a Lifelong Journey As we know,reading plays an important role in our life.We can get knowledge and learn many skills from books.Besides,we can develop interests through reading and make our life colorful. There are many kinds of books we can read,such as great books,science books and even newspapers.Magazines about study are also good choices for us.We can read books in our free time,and it's a good idea to choose a quiet place to read books,like the library.How about joining the Reading Club in our school?While reading,it's necessary to take notes and write reviews.We can certainly share them with our friends in the club. In my opinion,reading is a lifelong journey. We can see the world in the books.Let's read together. （2） 请根据以下提示，写一篇短文介绍你最喜欢的文学角色。内容包括： 1. 你最喜欢的文学角色是谁？ 2. 他/她出自哪部作品？ 3. 他/她做了什么事？ 4. 他/她有什么性格特点？ 5. 你为什么喜欢他/她？ 要求：语句通顺，语法正确，词数80词左右。 My Favorite Story Character My Favorite Story Character My favorite story character is Sun Wukong, also called the Monkey King. He is the main character of the novel Journey to the West, one of the Four Classical Novels of Chinese literature. Sun Wukong has magical power. He can change into anything. He is very brave, smart and honest. He is never afraid of danger. He always comes up with ideas to deal with difficulties. I like Sun Wukong for many reasons. He teaches me to be brave and never give up. He will always hold a special place in my heart. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题18 Unit 12 The Wonderland of Literature （语法&写作）精讲 语法精讲 1.动词变-ed/-ing形容词 (1)拼写规则 情况 变-ed规则 变-ing规则 示例 一般动词 直接+ed 直接+ing interest→ 不发音e结尾 直接+d 去e+ing excite→ 辅音+y结尾 y→i+ed 直接+ing worry→ 重读闭音节 (辅+元+辅) 双写尾字母+ed 双写尾字母+ing plan→ (2)-ed/-ing形容词用法解析 ①-ed形容词 核心含义；感到……的(侧重人的主观心情、感受) e.g.I'm interested in music.我对音乐感兴趣。She is excited about the trip.她对这次旅行感到很兴奋。 ②-ing形容词 核心含义：令人……的(侧重事物、事情给人的客观感受) e.g.The game is interesting.这个游戏很有趣。The movie is exciting.这部电影很刺激。 （3）常见词 动词加上形容词后缀-ed或-ing构成形容词，以-ed结尾的形容词修饰人;以-ing结尾的形容词修饰物。 后缀-ed： ......的状态，或感觉，修饰人 后缀-ing： ......的;令人......的，修饰物 tired tiring interested interesting excited exciting surprised surprising moved moving worried worrying bored boring amazed amazing scared scaring confused confusing embarrassed embarrassing 随堂训练 根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形容词形式填空。 1.After reading the long and________article about Shakespeare,I felt very________.(tire) 2.The students were________in the________story about a magic book.(interest) 3.We were________to see how the author described the storm;it was so________.(surprise) 4.The ending of the novel was so________that all the readers were deeply________.(move) 5.She found the history part of the play________.(interest) 6.The children were________by the________adventure of the young hero.(excite) 7.I was________to learn the true meaning of the poem,which was really________.(amaze) 8.The dark castle in the story looked________,and it made the main character feel________.(scare) 9.They were________by the________change in the main character’s attitude.(surprise) 10.--Did you understand the rules?I found them________.(confuse) --I was________at first too,but Mr Thompson explained them to me.(confuse) 宾语从句(Ⅱ) 宾语从句大致可以分为三类:that引导的宾语从句、if/whether引导的宾语从句和疑问词引导的宾语从句。在本单元中,我们学习that、if和whether引导的宾语从句。 that引导的宾语从句 当谓语动词表示肯定的概念,如“希望”“相信”“知道”或“说”时,其后的宾语从句一般用that引导。that没有任何词汇意义,只具有语法功能,目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是前面动词的宾语,多数情况下that可以省略。 I hope(that)it will rain this afternoon.我希望今天下午会下雨。 不可省略that的常见情况 (1)当一个句子有多个并列的宾语从句时,通常第一个宾语从句前的that可省略,但后面的that不可省略。 She wrote(that)she would come and see him sometimes,and that she would never forget what he had done for her.她写信说,她会不时来看他,而且永远不会忘记他为她做的(事情)。 (2)句中带有插入语时,宾语从句的引导词that不可省略。 Your mother said,happily and proudly,that you had won the gold medal.你妈妈高兴又自豪地说,你赢得了金牌。 (3)带补语的宾语从句的引导词that通常不可省略。 He felt it necessary that he should give Liu Bin a call later.他觉得有必要晚些时候给刘彬打个电话。 if/whether引导的宾语从句 当一般疑问句充当句子的宾语时,用连词if或whether引导,if/whether在从句中不充当任何句子成分,意为“是否”,不可省略。宾语从句要用陈述语序。 I don't know whether/if she will come this afternoon.我不知道她今天下午是否会来。 whether与if引导宾语从句时的区别 区别 例句 whether引导的宾语从句可置于句首,而if无此功能。 Whether it is true or not,I can't tell.这是真的还是假的,我说不上来。 whether引导的宾语从句可直接用于介词之后,而if无此功能。 That depends on whether we work hard.那取决于我们是否努力。 whether可与or not直接连用,而if一般不能。 Let me know whether or not you can come.让我知道你是否能来。 疑问词引导的宾语从句 当特殊疑问句充当句子的宾语时,由原来的疑问词作为连接词,这些词在宾语从句中充当一定的句子成分,都有各自的词义,不可省略。疑问词引导的宾语从句也要用陈述语序。 常见连接词的含义及功能如下: 连接词 含义 功能 连 接 代 词 who 谁(主格) 除在句中起连接作用外,还可在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 whom 谁(宾格) whose 谁的 what 什么 which 哪个 连 接 副 词 when 什么时候 除在句中起连接作用外,还可在宾语从句中作状语。 where 什么地方 how 怎样,如何 why 为什么 He asked them what they did at the weekend.他问他们周末做了什么。(what在宾语从句中作宾语) Do you know when he was born?你知道他是何时出生的吗?(when在宾语从句中作时间状语) 连接代词who与whom都指人。who为主格,在从句中作主语或宾语;whom为宾格,在从句中作宾语。 I don't know who is playing the piano next door.我不知道谁正在隔壁弹钢琴。(who在宾语从句中作主语) Could you tell me whom you spoke to just now?你能告诉我你刚才在和谁说话吗?(whom在宾语从句中作宾语) 宾语从句的时态问题 在含有宾语从句的复合句中: (1)主句如果是一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时,从句根据实际情况选用时态。 主句 宾语从句 Mr Smith tells us Mr Smith has told us Mr Smith will tell us Smith先生告诉我们 that he works in a library.他在图书馆工作。 that he is working in a library.他目前在图书馆工作。 that he has worked in a library since 1985.自1985年以来,他一直在图书馆工作。 Mr Smith tells us Mr Smith has told us Mr Smith will tell us Smith先生告诉我们 that he worked in a library last year.去年他在图书馆工作。 that he was working in a library when we first met him.我们第一次见到他时,他在图书馆工作。 (2)主句如果是过去时态,从句通常也用与过去有关的时态。 The teacher said that the students were having an exam.老师说学生们正在考试。 The foreign guests told me that they had learnt a lot during their stay in China.这些外国客人告诉我,他们在中国逗留期间学到了很多东西。 (3)当宾语从句表示的是普遍真理、客观事实或现在看来仍然是真实的情况时,从句用一般现在时,而不受主句时态的影响。 Mother told me that honesty is the best policy.妈妈告诉我诚实总是上策。 (4)在口语中,为了强调从句涉及的某一状态在说话时仍在继续,动作是习惯性的、反复出现的,动作正在进行或尚未发生时,或主从句中所发生的动作时间在同一天,两者相隔很短时,宾语从句有时也用一般现在时、现在进行时或一般将来时。 Mary said that she usually reads a book before going to bed.Mary说她睡觉前通常会看书。 She said that she is flying to Beijing next week.她说她下周要飞往北京。 随堂训练 1.I do not know________gold medal this is.But I know its owner must be worried. A．who B．which C．whose D．where 2.Alice couldn’t find out________,so she handed it to the teacher. A．whose book was it B．who’s the book C．whose book may it D．whose book it was 3.—Do you know________the new museum will open? —Next month,I think. A．when B．where C．why D．how 4.—Could you tell me________the nearest supermarket is? —Go along this street and turn left at the first crossing.It’s on your right. A．what B．how C．where D．when 5.—I wonder________I can protect my eyes.Can you give me some advice? —First of all,you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time. A．why B．where C．how D．which 写作精讲 本单元的高频写作话题是文学作品，可以从谈论作品创作背景、作者介绍等方面人手，也可以谈论自己对作品及人物的理解、喜好以及从中明白的道理等。 一、从本单元的教材内容和前面的阅读中积累好词好句，为书面表达做好积累准备grow into成长为dream of梦想come out出版depend on依靠get into trouble陷人困境in a word总之My favorite story character is Sun Wukong.我最喜欢的故事人物是孙悟空。 I like Sun Wukong for many reasons.我喜欢孙悟空有很多原因。 He can always come up with ideas to deal with difficulties.他总能想出办法应对困难。 In a word,Sun Wukong is a popular hero among people of all ages. 总之，孙悟空是深受各个年龄段人们喜爱的英雄。 二、仿写短语和句子 1.成长为一名作家 2.出版一本书 3.依靠我们自己 4.帮助别人摆脱困境 5.我最喜欢的故事人物是哈利·波特。 6.我喜欢这个英雄有很多原因。 7.我们总能从书中学习到东西。 8.总之，这位英雄是深受各个年龄段人们喜爱的。 例题讲解 为助力打造“书香校园”,学校英语社团将举办以“热爱阅读”为主题的征文活动。请以“Enjoy Reading,Enjoy Life”为题，根据下面提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍你自己的阅读情况并阐述阅读的重要性。词数80左右。开头已给出，不计人总词数。 提示：(1)Why is reading important? (2)What's your favorite book?What's it about? (3)What do you learn from the book? 1.时态：一般现在时 2.人称：第一人称 3.题型分析：这是介绍自己阅读情况的小短文，应以第一人称作主语。 4.行文思路： Enjoy Reading,Enjoy Life Reading is important for everyone,because it can open a new world and people can learn a lot from the books.【高分句型一】It has become part of my life.When reading,I feel relaxed and pleased【高分句型二】It's the best moment to get knowledge and pleasure in life.I have read more than 1,000 books.(为什么重要) My favorite book is Yu Gong Moves the Mountains.It it a story about an old man wanted to remove the mountains.Everyone laughed at him,but he never gave up.At last,the God was moved by his spirit and sent two gods to help him.(最喜欢的书和其大意)The story reminds us that nothing is impossible as long as we work hard.We should not give up.(收获) With a deep love for reading,I can't wait to read more. 随堂训练 （1） 书香浸润灵魂，阅读陪伴成长。阅读是我们一生的旅程，少年正是读书时，让我们一起读书吧!请根据以下图示及要求以“Reading—a Lifelong Journey”为题，用英语写一篇短文，倡导同学们读书。80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Reading—a Lifelong Journey As we know,reading plays an important role in our life. （2） 请根据以下提示，写一篇短文介绍你最喜欢的文学角色。内容包括： 1. 你最喜欢的文学角色是谁？ 2. 他/她出自哪部作品？ 3. 他/她做了什么事？ 4. 他/她有什么性格特点？ 5. 你为什么喜欢他/她？ 要求：语句通顺，语法正确，词数80词左右。 My Favorite Story Character 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $