专题09 Unit 9 Forces of Nature （语法&写作）精讲-2025-2026学年新仁爱科普版英语八年级下册同步单元复习（新仁爱科普版）

专题09 Unit 9 Forces of Nature （语法&写作）精讲 语法精讲 合成词 Unit 9 课文中出现了很多合成词， 如snowstorm(暴风雨雪)， earthquake(地震)， thunderstorm(雷阵雨)， flashlight (手电筒)，aftershock(余震)，supermarket(超市)等等， 观察可知，这些单词由两个独立的单词构成。 合成词(Compound words)是指由两个或两个以上的词组成一个新词。 合成法有以下几种: 规则 典例 类型 合成 名词 snow + storm = snowstorm 暴风雪 【n.】+【n.】=【n.】 super + market = supermarket 超市 【adj.】+【n.】=【n.】 after + shock = aftershock 余震 【prep.】+【n.】=【n.】 play + ground = playground 操场 【v.】+【n.】=【n.】 reading + room = reading-room 阅览室 【v.-ing】+【n.】=【n.】 over + coat = overcoat 大衣; 外套 【adv.】+【n.】=【n.】 get + together = get-together 相聚 【v.】+【adv.】=【n.】 合成 形容词 every + day = everyday 每日的 【adj.】+【n.】=【adj.】 middle + aged = middle-aged 中间的 【adj.】+【adj.】=【adj.】 man + made = man-made 人造的 【adj.】+【pp.】=【adj.】 hard + working = hard-working 努力的 【adj.】+【v.-ing】=【adj.】 well + known = well- known 出名的 【adjv.】+【pp.】=【adj.】 peace + loving = peace-loving 热爱和平的 【n.】+【v.-ing】=【adj.】 good + looking = good-looking 好看的 【adj.】+【v.-ing】=【adj.】 warm + hearted = warm-hearted 热心的 【adj.】+【n.-ed】=【adj.】 balck + white = balck-white 黑白的 【adj.】+【adj.】=【adj.】 second + hand = second-hand 二手的 【adj.】+【n.】=【adj.】 north + eastern = north-eastern 西北的 【n.】+【adj.】=【adj.】 合成 副词 world + wide = worldwide 【n.】+【adj.】=【adv.】 some + times = sometimes 【adj.】+【n.】=【adv.】 may + be = maybe 【modal v.】+【linking v.】=【adv.】 else + where = elsewhere 【adj.】+【adv.】=【adv】 down + stairs = downstairs 【adv.】+【n.】=【adv.】 for + ever = forever 【prep.】+【adv.】=【adv.】 合成 动词 white + wash = whitewash 粉刷 【adj.】+【v.】=【v.】 over + come = overcome 克服 【adv.】+【v.】=【v.】 sleep + walk = sleepwalk 梦游 【n.】+【v.】=【v.】 down + load = download 下载 【adv.】+【v.】=【v.】 合成代词 everyone/ everybody 每个人 someone/ somebody 某人 anyone/ anybody 任何人 nobody 没有人 everything 每件事 something 某事 anything 任何事 nothing 没有事 一．合成词训练 1．T________ (团队合作) is necessary in order to achieve these aims. 【答案】Teamwork/eamwork 【详解】句意：为了实现这些目标，团队合作是必要的。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，“团队合作”英文为“teamwork”，是不可数名词，在句中作主语，置于句首首字母需大写。故填Teamwork。 2．When the r________ (暴风雨) came, he was watching TV at home. 【答案】rainstorm/ainstorm 【详解】句意：当暴风雨来临时，他正在家里看电视。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，“暴风雨”的英文为rainstorm；句中定冠词the提示此处需填单数名词。故填rainstorm。 3．True ________ (friend) is very important in our life. 【答案】friendship 【详解】句意：真正的友谊在我们生活中很重要。friend“朋友”，名词。根据“True...is very important in our life.”可知，此处指真正的友谊在我们生活中很重要，因此用friendship“友谊”。故填friendship。 4．Not everyone can become a successful ________ (business). 【答案】businessman 【详解】句意：不是每个人都能成为一名成功的商人。根据“a successful...”和备选词可知，此处需要表示“商人”的名词，business对应的表示“商人”的名词是businessman，a后接可数名词单数。故填businessman。 5．________(who) wants to watch the movie can go with us tonight. 【答案】Whoever 【详解】句意：无论谁想看这部电影，今晚都可以和我们一起去。“who” 意为 “谁” ，此处需要表达 “无论谁；任何人” 含义，用 “whoever” 引导主语从句，且位于句首首字母大写，故填 Whoever。 6．I like ________(剪纸) very much. 【答案】paper-cutting 【详解】句意：我非常喜爱剪纸。根据“like”可知后面需加名词或动名词，“剪纸”的英文表达是“paper-cutting”。故填paper-cutting。 7．The ________ (洪水) rose quickly and flooded the streets. 【答案】floodwater 【详解】句意：洪水迅速上升，淹没了街道。根据汉语提示，此处用floodwater“洪水”，复合名词，作句子主语，表达灾害背景且强调“水体上升”。 8．We can take the h________-s________ train. 【答案】 high/igh speed/peed 【详解】句意：我们可以乘坐高铁。根据首字母提示和“train”可知，此处表示“高铁”，固定表达high-speed train意为“高铁”，形容词high和名词speed构成复合形容词作定语，修饰名词train。故填high；speed。 9．My aunt’s ________ (五岁的) daughter can already count from 1 to 100 in English. 【答案】five-year-old 【详解】句意：我阿姨五岁的女儿已经能用英语从1数到100了。根据句意和所给汉语提示可知，横线处需填一个形容词来描述女儿的年龄，表示“五岁的”。“五岁”的英文表达是“five years old”，但当它用作定语，修饰名词时，需使用连字符连接，且year要使用单数形式，即“five-year-old”。故填five-year-old。 10．The city has a long history and many w________-famous cultural sites. 【答案】world/orld 【详解】句意：这座城市历史悠久，拥有许多世界闻名的文化遗址。根据首字母提示“w”和“-famous cultural sites”可知，此处构成复合形容词，表示“世界闻名的”。world-famous“世界闻名的”符合语境。故填world。 二．构词法训练 1．grow (v.) → ________ (n.) 成长；生长 2．success (n.) → ________ (adj.) 成功的 → ________ (adv.) 成功地 3．happy (adj.) → ________ (n.) 幸福；快乐 → ________ (n.) 不开心 4．meet (v.) → ________ (n.) 会议；会面 5．win (v.) → ________ (n.) 获胜者；优胜者 6．brave (adj.) → ________ (n.) 勇气；勇敢 7．choose (v.) → ________ (过去式) → ________ (过去分词) 8．act (v./n.) → ________ (n.) 行动 → ________ (adj.) 积极的 9．advise (v.) → ________ (n.) 建议 10．know (v.) → ________ (n.) 知识；了解 11．sleep (v./n.) → ________ (adj.) 困倦的 → ________ (adj.) 睡着的 12．health (n.) → ________ (adj.) 健康的 13．care (v./n.) → ________ (adj.) 仔细的 → ________ (adv.) 仔细地 14．real (adj.) → ________ (adv.) 真正地 15．different (adj.) → ________ (n.) 差异；不同 16．teach (v.) → ________ (n.) 教师 17．visit (v.) → ________ (n.) 参观者；游客 18．help (v./n.) → ________ (adj.) 有帮助的 19．hope (v./n.) → ________ (adj.) 有希望的 20．enjoy (v.) → ________ (n.) 乐趣；享受 【答案】1．growth 2.successful successfully 3.happiness unhappiness 4．meeting 5．winner 6．bravery 7.chose chosen 8.action active 9．advice 10．knowledge 11.sleepy asleep 12．healthy 13.careful carefully 14．really 15．difference 16．teacher 17．visitor 18．helpful 19．hopeful 20．enjoyment 副词的级 副词的用法 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 功能 位置 示例 修饰形容词、副词 一般位于被修饰词前，即“adv.+adj./adv.” Our family bought a new smart TV set last week. It is really cool! 修饰动词 一般位于动词之后，动词若带宾语，则放在宾语之后，即“v.（+n.） + adv.” 注意 频度副词通常放在实义动词之前，情态动词、助动词和系动词be之后 He is writing his letter carefully. People usually give gifts to someone they love or care about. 修饰整个句子 位于句首，即“adv.,+句子” Suddenly, the eagle opened its wings. 易错点 1.too、enough和so 的用法 易混词 用法 例句 too 意为“太”。“too...to...”结构表示否定意义,意为“太……而不能……” The man is too old to look after himself. enough 意为“足够”。“形容词/副词原形+enough to...”结构表示“足够……能……” The boy runs fast enough to win the game. so 意为“如此”。“so...that...”结构表示“如此……以至于……” The camera is so expensive that I can't afford it. 2.hard 和hardly 易混词 用法 例句 hard 意为“努力地;大量地;猛烈地” We should study hard. It was raining hard when we set off. hardly 意为“几乎不”,表示否定含义 We hardly know each other. 随堂训练 1．I ________ (complete) forgot to call my friend yesterday. 【答案】completely 【详解】句意：我昨天完全忘记给我的朋友打电话了。句中动词forgot需要副词来修饰，需将形容词complete变为副词形式completely，意为“完全地，彻底地”。 2．The river flows ________ (slow) through the narrow valley in spring. 【答案】slowly 【详解】句意：春天，这条河缓慢地流过狭窄的山谷。slow“慢的”，是形容词，此处修饰动词flows“流”，副词修饰动词，slow的副词是slowly。 3．You should use your time ________ (proper) to do meaningful things. 【答案】properly 【详解】句意：你应该恰当地利用时间去做有意义的事情。空格处需填副词修饰动词use，所给词proper的副词形式为properly，意为“恰当地”。 4．It’s important for us to eat ________ (healthy) and have a ________ (balance) diet. 【答案】 healthily balanced 【详解】句意：对我们来说，健康饮食和均衡饮食很重要。healthy“健康的”，形容词，此处用其副词形式healthily“健康地”修饰动词eat；balance“平衡”，名词，此处用其形容词形式balanced“均衡的”修饰名词diet。 5．We are ________ (deep) moved by the story of the climbers. 【答案】deeply 【详解】句意：我们被登山者的故事深深打动了。句中“moved”为动词的过去分词，提示此处需要一个表示“深深地”的副词来修饰动词moved，deep的副词形式是deeply，符合语义及语法要求。 6．_________ (luck), the doctor arrived just in time to save the patient. 【答案】Luckily 【详解】句意：幸运的是，医生及时赶到救了病人。此处修饰整个句子，表示“幸运地”，使用副词形式。luck的副词形式是luckily，位于句首时，首字母要大写。 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成 1.规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加-er或-est fast faster fastest near nearer nearest 以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-r或-st late later latest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把y变i，再加 -er或 -est easy easier easiest early earlier earliest 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加 -er或-est big hot fat wet thin bigger hotter fatter wetter thinner biggest hottest fattest wettest thinnest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more或most careful beautiful quickly carefully more careful more beautiful more quickly more carefully most careful most beautiful most quickly most carefully 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best many/much more most bad/badly worse worst far farther/further farthest/furthest little less least 考点四 形容词和副词的比较等级的常用结构 1.原级的常用结构 结构 意义 示例 as+形容词原形/副词原形+as 和……一样…… She is as beautiful as her mother. I worked as hard as before. not+so/as+形容词原形/副词原形+as 不如……那样…… I can't type so fast as you. 2.比较级的常用结构 结构 意义 示例 比较级+than 比……更…… Cassie's room is bigger than mine. The weather here is hotter than that in Yunnan. 比较级+and+比较级 越来越…… It's getting warmer and warmer. the+比较级， the+比较级 越……，就越…… The more books you read, the more you know. Which/What/Who...+比较级,A or B? 哪一个/什么/谁更……,A还是B? Who plays tennis better, Mike or Sam? the+比较级+of the two... 两者中较……的那一个 Anne is the taller of the two girls. 3.最高级的常用结构 结构 意义 示例 （the+）最高级（+单数名词）+in/of/among+比较范围 在……中最…… It is the biggest city in China. Soccer is the most popular sport in the country. He could jump （the） farthest of all. one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数 最……的……之一 Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers. sth.+be+the+形容词最高级+名词（+that）+ sb. have/has/had ever +过去分词 某事物是某人所有经历中最……的 He said it was the quietest and most beautiful place he had ever been to. the+序数词+形容词最高级 第几最……的 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 易错点 1.表示程度的副词（quite、very、too、so、enough等）只能修饰形容词和副词原级。 例：He is very tall. She is old enough to drive. 2.much/a lot/even/far/a little/a bit可修饰比较级，放在比较级前面，表程度。 例：It's a bit colder today than yesterday. She is much better today. 3.more只能用于构成比较级,不可用于修饰比较级。 4.形容词最高级前一般加定冠词the,但其前面有形容词性物主代词（如my/his...）或名词所有格（如Lily's）时不加the；副词最高级前的the可省略。 随堂训练 一．填空题 1．She paints not as ________ (careful) as Tom. But her paintings are ________ (create) than his. 【答案】 carefully more creative 【详解】句意：她画画不如Tom仔细。但她的画比他的更有创意。 “not as…as”结构中需用形容词或副词原级，此处修饰动词paints，要用副词形式，careful的副词形式是carefully；than提示需用形容词比较级，create对应的形容词是creative，其比较级为more creative。故填carefully；more creative。 2．Some blind animals can “see” as __________ (good) as others. 【答案】well 【详解】句意：一些失明的动物能和其他动物一样“看得”清楚。此句为“as+形容词或副词原级+as”“和……一样……”的同级比较结构。空处修饰动词“see”，填副词，作状语。good“好的”，形容词，副词为well“令人满意地”。故填well。 3．Please do your homework as ________ (careful) as you can. 【答案】carefully 【详解】句意：请尽可能认真地做你的作业。careful是形容词，此处需用副词修饰动词do，careful的副词形式是carefully，as…as中间用原级。故填carefully。 4．Li Ming can play basketball as ________ (good) as his brother. 【答案】well 【详解】句意：李明篮球打得和他的哥哥一样好。good意为“好的”，是形容词；“as+形容词或副词原级+as”为固定搭配，表示“和……一样好”；此处修饰动词play，应用副词形式well。故填well。 5．Linda did ________ (badly) than Gina in yesterday’s singing competition. 【答案】worse 【详解】句意：在昨天的歌唱比赛中，琳达的表现比吉娜差。根据“than”可知，此处用比较级形式worse。 6．She dances ________ (well) than me, she practices ________ (dance) every day. 【答案】 better dancing 【详解】句意：她跳舞比我好，她每天都练习跳舞。than是比较级的标志，修饰动词dance要用副词well的比较级better；固定搭配practice doing sth.表示“练习做某事”，practice后接动名词，dance的动名词形式是dancing，符合句子表意和语法要求。 7．This boy is ________ (fat) than that one, but he runs ________ (slow) than that one. 【答案】 fatter slower 【详解】句意：这个男孩比那个男孩胖，但他跑得比那个男孩慢。than是比较级的标志，形容词fat的比较级是fatter，系动词is后接形容词作表语，符合语法要求；修饰动词runs要用副词，slow的副词比较级是slower，符合语法要求。 8．He writes ________ (carefully) than his deskmate. 【答案】more carefully 【详解】句意：他比同桌写得更仔细。根据“than”可知，此处应用比较级，carefully是多音节副词，多音节词变比较级需要在原形前加more，因此填more carefully。 9．They work ________ (hard) than before to prepare for the speech contest. 【答案】harder 【详解】句意：他们比以前更努力工作为演讲比赛做准备。hard“努力地”，是副词，修饰动词“work”，句中有than“比”，此处要用比较级harder，意为“更努力地”。 10．—Judy practices her oral English hard every day. —So she does. She pronounces words _________ (clearly) than before. 【答案】more clearly 【详解】句意：——朱迪每天努力练习英语口语。——的确如此。她单词发音比以前更清楚了。根据than可知用比较级，clearly是多音节词，比较级为more clearly。 11．She ran ________ in the 100-metre dash and broke the school record. (fast) 【答案】fastest 【详解】句意：她在100米短跑中跑得最快，打破了学校纪录。根据“ran”及句意，此处表示在比赛中跑得最快，应用副词的最高级形式。fast的最高级是fastest。 12．She dances ________ (gracefully) in the school dance team. 【答案】most gracefully 【详解】句意：她在学校舞蹈队里跳舞最优雅。根据“in the school dance team”可知，比较范围在三者及以上，此处应用最高级，gracefully是多音节副词，其最高级形式需在原级前加most，且副词最高级前的定冠词the可以省略，因此填most gracefully。 13．He speaks English __________ (well) than his brother, but his sister speaks __________ (well) of all. 【答案】 better best 【详解】句意：他英语说得比他的哥哥好，但他妹妹是所有人中说得最好的。well意为“好”，是副词。第一空，根据句中的“than”可知，表示两者之间的比较，应用副词的比较级better。第二空，根据句中的“of all”可知，表示三者或三者以上的范围，应用副词的最高级best。故填better；best。 14．The Yangtze River travels the __________ (far) in China. 【答案】farthest 【详解】句意：长江是中国流经距离最长的河流。根据“in China”可知，三者及以上的比较应用最高级，far的最高级为farthest，侧重距离。故填farthest。 15．She eats ________ (little) of the three girls. 【答案】least/the least 【详解】句意：她是三个女孩中吃得最少的。根据“of the three girls”可知，三者及以上比较用最高级，“little”的最高级是“least”，此处修饰动词eats，用副词，副词最高级前可加定冠词“the”，也可不加。故填least/the least。 二、语法选择 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Protecting the environment helps prevent many natural disasters. Let’s see how they are connected. Trees act like natural guards. They hold soil together and help prevent floods. If we cut too many trees, rain can wash away soil 1 , causing floods or mudslides (泥石流). 2 planting more trees is a good way to prevent such disasters. Rivers and oceans need 3 too. When we throw rubbish or factories 4 wastewater into them, the environment is destroyed (破坏). Healthy oceans can reduce the strength of storms, including typhoons. Clean rivers are less likely to overflow (泛滥) when 5 rains heavily. The air matters as well. Polluted air changes the weather, making some disasters 6 frequent (频繁的). For example, rising 7 caused by pollution can lead to longer and more severe droughts (干旱). 8 short, protecting the environment means protecting ourselves. Taking care of the environment is the key to 9 natural disasters. Small actions, such as saving water or recycling, can make 10 big difference in keeping us safe. So let’s begin today. 1. A. easy B. easier C. easily 2. A. So B. But C. Because 3. A. carefully B. careful C. care 4. A. pour B. poured C. pouring 5. A. it B. its C. itself 6. A. much B. more C. most 7. A. temperatures B. temperatures’ C. temperature’s 8. A. At B. In C. For 9. A. prevent B. prevented C. preventing 10. A. a B. an C. the 1. C 副词easily修饰动词词组wash away。 2. A 3. C 4. A 本句为一般现在时态且主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。 5. A 表述天气，用it做主语。 6. B 由句意可知，此处表“更频繁”，应该用比较级。 7. A 名词作主语。 8. B in short意为“总之”。 9. C the key to doing ... 意为“做……的关键”。 10. A make a big difference意为“对……有影响”。 三、语篇填空 第一节 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 with hurt hard trouble when mix care burn passenger kid Last summer, a big forest fire broke out near our town. Firefighters arrived quickly, but they couldn’t stop it. That’s because the winds were strong, 1 the flames (火焰) with dry leaves, making it spread faster. It was a real disaster. The fire 2 for days, destroying (毁灭) trees and houses nearby. Some firefighters got 3 —their hands, faces, arms and legs were burned—but they kept working. Even 4 their best efforts, much of the forest was destroyed. Why couldn’t they put it out? Because 5 fires grow too big, they become very dangerous. The heat is too high, and the winds make it 6 to control. This shows how important forest fire prevention is. Even small acts, like making sure campfires are completely out, can prevent big 7 . For us 8 , what can we do? First, never play with matches in the woods. If we see the start of a fire, tell an adult right away. Don’t try to put it out by ourselves—we might get hurt. Fear of fires won’t help. If we are 9 and responsible, we can help prevent them from happening in the first place. Just like 10 follow rules on a bus to stay safe, we must follow forest rules to protect nature. It’s a must for everyone to prevent fires. 1. mixing 2. burned 3. hurt 4. with 5. when 6. hard 7. troubles 8. kids 9. careful 10. passengers 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Long ago, China faced terrible floods. The water covered 1 (village), destroyed (毁坏) crops (庄稼), and left people without home. The emperor tried many ways to stop the floods, but nothing worked 2 Yu came. Yu’s father had tried 3 (build) high walls to hold back the water. But the floods broke through and made things even 4 (bad). Yu thought 5 (different). He decided 6 (help) the water go away instead of stopping it. He studied the land for years, walking all over the country through rain and 7 (storm) over mountains and along rivers to find where water could flow (流动) safely to the sea. Yu worked with many people day and night. They 8 (dig) channels to lead the floodwater, cleared rocks from rivers, and built small dams to slow the water down. It was hard work. People said he walked past his own home three times during 9 (that) years but never stopped to go in because he was too busy helping others. 10 the help of people across the country, Yu’s plan worked. The water finally flowed 1 the sea, and the land became dry again. Villages 2 (be) rebuilt, crops grew again, and people lived in peace. Yu became a hero. His story 3 (teach) us a lot. Working hard, thinking wisely, and putting the people first can solve even the 4 (big) problems in the world. Till now, people remember him as 5 leader who saved China from the floods with courage and kindness. That is the story of Yu the Great Controlling Floods. 1. villages 2. until/before 3. building 4. worse 5. differently6. to help 7. storms 8. dug 9. those 10. With11. into 12. were 13. teaches 14. biggest 15. a 写作精讲 结合本单元“自然之力”主题，写一篇描述自然灾难经历、介绍自然灾害防护知识或阐述人与自然关系的短文，阐述灾害特点、防护措施及对自然的思考，达成以下目标： 1.能正确使用本单元“自然与灾害”相关核心词汇（如disaster、earthquake、typhoon、flood、snowstorm、heatwave、safety、protect、survive、damage、warning、first-aid kit等）及短语（keep safe、stay away from、hold back、put out、take action、run away from、hang on to、prepare for、in danger、aftershock等）； 2.能熟练运用复合词（如snowstorm、thunderstorm、earthquake、flashlight等），掌握副词比较级和最高级（如faster、more carefully、the safest等），正确使用“If there is a..., we should...” “When the disaster happens, it’s important to...”等常用句型； 3.能按“灾害/主题引入→核心细节（经历/防护措施）→感悟与启示”的逻辑完成写作，贴合“敬畏自然，学会自保”的单元主题。 模板一 描述一次自然灾难经历 Last ________ (时间), a ________ (灾害名称，如heavy rain/flood) happened in my area. I was ________ (当时正在做的事，如playing in the park/doing homework) when it started. The ________ (灾害) got ________ (比较级，如worse/stronger) quickly. ________ (灾害场景，如The rain poured down/The water rose fast). I remembered the safety tips and ________ (应对行动1，如ran to a high place/hid under a desk). My ________ (家人/朋友) also ________ (应对行动2，如came to find me/helped me). After the disaster, I felt ________ (情绪，如relieved/lucky). This experience taught me that ________ (感悟). We should always be careful and respect the power of nature! 模板二 介绍自然灾害防护知识 ________ (灾害名称，如Typhoon/Snowstorm) is a common natural disaster in some areas. It can ________ (灾害危害，如destroy houses/make roads dangerous), so we need to know how to protect ourselves. First, before the disaster comes, we should ________ (预防措施1，如prepare food and water/close windows tightly). Second, during the disaster, if we are indoors, we must ________ (措施2，如stay away from windows/gather in a safe room). If we are outdoors, we should ________ (措施3，如find a safe shelter/avoid tall objects). We can’t stop natural disasters, but we can ________ (行动，如learn safety skills/stay calm). Let’s ________ (行动呼吁，如remember these tips/prepare well) to stay safe when facing nature’s power! 例文1 My Experience in a Snowstorm Last winter, a fierce snowstorm hit my town. I was at school when the snow started to fall heavily. Soon, the whole world turned white, and the wind blew so strongly that the windows shook. Our teacher told us to stay in the classroom and not to go out. She taught us to close the windows tightly and gather in the center of the room. After school, my dad came to pick me up. We walked slowly on the thick snow, and he told me to hold his arm tightly to avoid falling. The snowstorm made the road very slippery, so we moved much more carefully than usual. When we got home safely, I felt relieved. This experience taught me that we should obey teachers’ instructions in disasters. It also made me understand the power of nature. We must respect nature and learn how to protect ourselves when facing its challenges! 中文翻译 我在暴风雪中的经历 去年冬天，一场猛烈的暴风雪袭击了我的小镇。我正在学校上课，雪突然下得很大。很快，整个世界都变成了白色，风刮得非常猛烈，窗户都在摇晃。 老师告诉我们待在教室里不要出去。她教我们把窗户关紧，聚集在教室中央。放学后，爸爸来接我。我们在厚厚的雪地上慢慢行走，他让我紧紧抓住他的胳膊以防摔倒。暴风雪让路面非常滑，所以我们走得比平时小心得多。 当我们安全到家时，我松了一口气。这次经历让我明白，在灾害中我们应该听从老师的指示。它也让我感受到了自然的威力。我们必须敬畏自然，并学会在面对它的挑战时保护自己！ 例文2 自然灾害无时无刻不在威胁着人类的安全。了解急救知识和自我保护技能非常重要。请以 "How to Keep Safe in an Earthquake" 为题，写一篇短文，介绍地震时的逃生与自救方法。 内容包括： 1. 保持冷静，不要惊慌； 2. 如果在室内，躲在结实的桌子下； 3. 如果在室外，远离建筑物和树木； 4. 你的感想（安全第一）。 注意：词数80左右。 How to Keep Safe in an Earthquake Earthquakes are terrible natural disasters. It is necessary for us to know how to protect ourselves when an earthquake happens. Here are some safety tips. First and most importantly, we must stay calm and not run around wildly. If we are indoors, we should hide under a strong table or desk. We must stay away from windows because the glass may hurt us. If we are outdoors, we should run to an open area. Remember to move away from tall buildings and trees. They may fall down and hit us. In short, learning self-protection skills can save our lives. Please remember: safety comes first. 随堂训练 （1） 我们每个人都会遇到一些突发情况，但只要沉着应对，总会有解决的办法。假设你是李华，在昨天放学回家的路上，大暴雨突然来袭，道路积水变深，无法行走，你没有伞，也没有手机，你该怎么办呢？请你根据提示信息，以“Surviving a Rainstorm”为题，用英语写一篇短文，并在口语课上与同学们分享。 提示信息： 1. What difficulties did you face? 2. How did you deal with them? 3. What did you learn? 写作要求： 1. 必须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名和地名； 3. 词数：80—100词，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Surviving a Rainstorm Yesterday afternoon, I was walking home from school when it started pouring. Surviving a Rainstorm Yesterday afternoon, I was walking home from school when it started pouring. I didn’t have an umbrella or a mobile phone, so I quickly rushed into a nearby shop and hoped the rain would stop soon. But the rain got even heavier. Soon, water covered the road like a small river. As it got dark, I began to feel worried. What should I do? There were no taxis. Then, I gathered my courage to ask for help. A kind man helped me call my mother. I thanked him, and soon my mom came and took me home. After that, I knew: staying calm and asking for help always works. （2） 近期你所在的地区频繁出现强暴雨天气。假设你是学校学生会安全部部长李军，请你用英语写一则通知，告知同学们上学、放学途中如何自我保护，提醒大家安全出行。 写作提示：NOTICE Wear a raincoat, non-slip shoes(防滑鞋); Stay away from deep water; Walk slowly and cross only when the traffic light turns green; . . . 写作要求： 1. 文中需包含写作提示的所有信息，可适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名和地名； 3. 词数：80—100词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Attention, please! Heavy storms hit our areas quite often. To keep safe on the way to and from school, here are some tips. 参考范文 Attention, please! Heavy storms hit our areas quite often. To keep safe on the way to and from school, here are some tips. First, wear a raincoat instead of an umbrella because it’s safer in strong winds. Also, put on your non-slip shoes to avoid falling. Second, stay away from deep water. You can’t know how deep it is, and there may be holes. Most importantly, if the river water covers the road, never walk through it. Third, be more careful on the road. Drivers can’t see very well, so walk slowly and cross only when the traffic light turns green. If you get into trouble, ask an adult for help or call your teacher or parents right away. Cherish life and pay more attention to safety. Let’s do it together. Safety Department April 28th, 20XX （3） 学校英语俱乐部正在举办题为“My Experience in a Natural Disaster”的征文活动。请你根据以下提示，写一篇短文投稿，描述你经历过或了解的一次自然灾害，并谈谈你从中学会了什么。 提示： 1. 描述自然灾害的类型、发生时间和地点； 2. 叙述你或他人在灾害中的行动； 3. 总结你从中学到的安全知识或感悟。 要求： 1. 短文须包含所有提示要点，可适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现真实人名、校名； 3. 词数100左右。 My Experience in a Natural Disaster 【答案】 My Experience in a Natural Disaster Last summer, a heavy flood hit my hometown. It rained for three days without stopping, and soon the river overflowed. The water covered roads and even entered some houses. My family and I moved to the second floor to stay safe. We also prepared clean water, food, and a flashlight. My father helped our neighbors move their things to higher places. After the flood, everyone worked together to clean up the mud and repair the damaged houses. From this experience, I learned that we should always be prepared for natural disasters. It’s also important to help each other in difficult times. Now, I know how to make a safety plan with my family. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：记叙文，一般过去时为主 明确要点：需包含灾害类型、时间地点、人物行动及学到的安全知识或感悟。 确定人称：第一人称（I），第三人称 注意事项：文中不得出现真实人名、校名；词数100左右 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：描述自然灾害的基本信息（类型、时间、地点及简要情况） 主体段：叙述灾害发生时，自己或他人的具体行动，体现应对过程 结尾段：总结从中学到的安全知识或人生感悟，呼应主题 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：自然灾害的发生背景 时间：last summer 灾害类型：a heavy flood 成因与影响：rained for three days without stopping→river overflowed→water covered roads and entered some houses 拓展词汇：natural disaster自然灾害，flood洪水，overflow泛滥，cover覆盖 要点二：灾害中的应对与互动行动 自我保护：moved to the second floor, prepared clean water, food and a flashlight 互动行为：father helped neighbors move things to higher places 灾后行动：everyone worked together to clean up the mud and repair damaged houses 拓展词汇：stay safe保持安全，prepare准备，flashlight手电筒，repair修缮，clean up清理 要点三：从经历中国获得的感悟与收获 核心感悟1：should always be prepared for the natural disasters 核心感悟2：important to help each other in difficult times 实际收获：know how to make a safety plan with family 拓展词汇：be prepared for为……做好准备，difficult times困难时期，safety plan安全计划 （4） 我们每个人都会遇到一些突发情况，但只要沉着应对，总会有解决的办法。假设你是李华，在昨天放学回家的路上，大暴雨突然来袭，道路积水变深，无法行走，你没有伞，也没有手机，你该怎么办呢？请你根据提示信息，以“Surviving a Rainstorm”为题，用英语写一篇短文，并在口语课上与同学们分享。 提示信息： 1. What difficulties did you face? 2. How did you deal with them? 3. What did you learn? 写作要求： 1. 必须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名和地名； 3. 词数：80-100词，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Surviving a Rainstorm Yesterday afternoon, I was walking home from school when it started pouring. 【答案】例文： Surviving a Rainstorm Yesterday afternoon, I was walking home from school when it started pouring. I didn’t have an umbrella or a mobile phone, so I quickly rushed into a nearby shop and hoped the rain would stop soon. But the rain got even heavier. Soon, water covered the road like a small river. As it got dark, I began to feel worried. What should I do? There were no taxis. Then, I gathered my courage to ask for help. A kind man helped me call my mother. I thanked him, and soon my mom came and took me home. After that, I knew: staying calm and asking for help always works. (词数统计：97词) 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：材料作文； ②时态：一般过去时为主，搭配过去进行时描述事件背景； ③提示：写作要点已给出，注意不要遗漏，并适当增加细节，以使行文连贯，并突出重点，注意字母大小写以及标点符号。 [写作步骤] 第一步，交代事件发生的时间、背景及遇到的困难； 第二步，描述应对困难的具体过程及心理变化； 第三步，总结事件带来的感悟与收获。 [亮点词汇] ①started pouring开始下暴雨 ②rushed into a nearby shop冲进一家附近的商店 ③covered the road淹没道路 ④gathered my courage鼓起勇气 ⑤staying calm保持冷静 [高分句型] ①Yesterday afternoon, I was walking home from school when it started pouring. (过去进行时与when引导的时间状语从句连用，表示一个动作正在进行时另一个动作突然发生) ②I didn’t have an umbrella or a mobile phone, so I quickly rushed into a nearby shop and hoped the rain would stop soon. (so连接结果状语从句，and连接并列谓语) ③A kind man helped me call my mother. (help sb. do sth.结构) （5） 台风（typhoon）是我国东南沿海常见的自然灾害，学校计划制作一份 “台风安全指南”，请你用英语写一段指南内容，告诉同学们台风来临时该如何科学防护。词数 80左右。 注意事项： 1. 包含上图中所有提示要点，可适当发挥；   2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范； 3. 用情态动词（should/must/don’t） 提建议，符合单元 “安全提示” 语法重点； 4. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名和地名 Safety Tips for Typhoons 【答案】 Safety Tips for Typhoons Typhoons are common natural disasters in coastal areas. We must follow these safety tips to stay safe. Before the typhoon, we should prepare a first-aid kit with a flashlight, cooked food and clean water. We must close windows tightly and turn off gas and electricity. During the typhoon, we should stay away from glass like windows and doors. Don’t stay near trees or power lines. If we are outside, we should find an open area quickly. Also, we must avoid walking in deep water. Following these tips can help us protect ourselves well during typhoons. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇话题作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏提示，并适当增加细节，注意字母大小写以及标点符号。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开篇点题，引出话题； 第二步，介绍具体的“安全提示”的建议； 第三步，书写结语，总结全文。 [亮点词汇] ①natural自然的 ②turn off关闭 ③stay away from远离 ④avoid doing sth.防止做某事 [高分句型] ①If we are outside, we should find an open area quickly.（if引导条件状语从句） ②Following these tips can help us protect ourselves well during typhoons.（动名词短语作主语） （6） 假设你是学校“安全小卫士”俱乐部的成员李华。你校英文报将开设“Disaster Safety”专栏，请你写一篇短文投稿，谈谈台风安全Tips。 内容包括：1. 台风可能带来的危险（如强风、暴雨、洪水）； 2. 给出三条具体的预防或应对建议； 3. 鼓励大家保持冷静，积极准备。 注意：1. 词数为80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称； 4. 短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Typhoon Safety Tips Typhoons are powerful natural disasters that can bring strong winds, heavy rain and even floods. 【答案】例文： Typhoon Safety Tips Typhoons are powerful natural disasters that can bring strong winds, heavy rain and even floods. To stay safe, we need to prepare well. First, before the typhoon comes, check your home. Close all windows and doors tightly to keep the wind and rain out. Second, prepare a disaster kit. It should include things like a flashlight, some food, clean water and a first-aid kit. Most importantly, when the typhoon is happening, stay indoors. Do not go outside. Typhoons can be scary, but if we stay calm and take action early, we can keep ourselves and our families safe. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明文，用一般现在时为主 明确要点：台风的危险性、预防或应对建议、鼓励的话语 确定人称：第三人称 注意事项：词数为80左右，文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称 ③提示：需说明台风危险、提出三条具体建议并鼓励冷静应对，词数80左右。 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：承接开头句，简要过渡到安全建议 主体段：用First/Second/Third分条列出三条具体应对建议 结尾段：用总结句强调冷静和准备的重要性，呼应鼓励要求 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：台风的危险性 强风：strong winds 暴雨：heavy rain/storm 洪水：floods 要点二：预防或应对建议 预防：check your home/close all windows and doors tightly/prepare a disaster kit等 应对建议：stay indoors/avoid going outside等 要点三：鼓励的话语 保持冷静：stay calm 积极准备：take action early （7） 假设你是李华，你们学校刚刚举行了一次“自然灾害安全演练”。请你根据以下提示，写一篇英文短文，分享你的经历和感受。 内容提示： 1. 演练时间、地点； 2. 演练内容（如：地震躲避、火灾逃生等）； 3. 你的感受与收获； 4. 呼吁大家重视安全。 要求： 1. 语句通顺，意思连贯； 2. 不少于80词； 3. 可适当发挥。 A Safety Drill for Natural Disasters 【答案】 A Safety Drill for Natural Disasters Last Friday afternoon, our school held a safety drill for natural disasters on the playground and in the classroom. First, we practiced earthquake safety. When the alarm sounded, we quickly hid under our desks. After that, we practiced fire escape. We covered our mouths with wet towels and ran downstairs in order. The whole process was fast and orderly. I learned a lot from this drill. It taught me how to stay calm and protect myself in danger. I think safety drills are very important because they help us prepare for real emergencies. I hope everyone can take them seriously and learn to stay safe. 【详解】[总体分析]   ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：主要使用一般过去时和一般现在时； ③提示：需涵盖演练时间地点、演练内容（地震躲避、火灾逃生）、感受收获及呼吁，内容具体，语言流畅。   [写作步骤]   第一步，点明演练时间（上周五下午）和地点（操场和教室）； 第二步，描述地震演练过程（警报响起、躲到桌下）； 第三步，描述火灾逃生演练（湿毛巾捂口鼻、有序下楼）； 第四步，分享个人收获（学会冷静、自我保护）； 第五步，阐述安全演练的重要性，呼吁大家重视。   [亮点词汇]   ①safety drill安全演练 ②natural disasters自然灾害 ③earthquake safety地震安全 ④fire escape火灾逃生 [高分句型]   ①When the alarm sounded, we quickly hid under our desks. (when引导时间状语从句) ②I think safety drills are very important because they help us prepare for real emergencies. (because引导原因状语从句) 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 Unit 9 Forces of Nature （语法&写作）精讲 语法精讲 合成词 Unit 9 课文中出现了很多合成词， 如snowstorm(暴风雨雪)， earthquake(地震)， thunderstorm(雷阵雨)， flashlight (手电筒)，aftershock(余震)，supermarket(超市)等等， 观察可知，这些单词由两个独立的单词构成。 合成词(Compound words)是指由两个或两个以上的词组成一个新词。 合成法有以下几种: 规则 典例 类型 合成 名词 snow + storm = snowstorm 暴风雪 【n.】+【n.】=【n.】 super + market = supermarket 超市 【adj.】+【n.】=【n.】 after + shock = aftershock 余震 【prep.】+【n.】=【n.】 play + ground = playground 操场 【v.】+【n.】=【n.】 reading + room = reading-room 阅览室 【v.-ing】+【n.】=【n.】 over + coat = overcoat 大衣; 外套 【adv.】+【n.】=【n.】 get + together = get-together 相聚 【v.】+【adv.】=【n.】 合成 形容词 every + day = everyday 每日的 【adj.】+【n.】=【adj.】 middle + aged = middle-aged 中间的 【adj.】+【adj.】=【adj.】 man + made = man-made 人造的 【adj.】+【pp.】=【adj.】 hard + working = hard-working 努力的 【adj.】+【v.-ing】=【adj.】 well + known = well- known 出名的 【adjv.】+【pp.】=【adj.】 peace + loving = peace-loving 热爱和平的 【n.】+【v.-ing】=【adj.】 good + looking = good-looking 好看的 【adj.】+【v.-ing】=【adj.】 warm + hearted = warm-hearted 热心的 【adj.】+【n.-ed】=【adj.】 balck + white = balck-white 黑白的 【adj.】+【adj.】=【adj.】 second + hand = second-hand 二手的 【adj.】+【n.】=【adj.】 north + eastern = north-eastern 西北的 【n.】+【adj.】=【adj.】 合成 副词 world + wide = worldwide 【n.】+【adj.】=【adv.】 some + times = sometimes 【adj.】+【n.】=【adv.】 may + be = maybe 【modal v.】+【linking v.】=【adv.】 else + where = elsewhere 【adj.】+【adv.】=【adv】 down + stairs = downstairs 【adv.】+【n.】=【adv.】 for + ever = forever 【prep.】+【adv.】=【adv.】 合成 动词 white + wash = whitewash 粉刷 【adj.】+【v.】=【v.】 over + come = overcome 克服 【adv.】+【v.】=【v.】 sleep + walk = sleepwalk 梦游 【n.】+【v.】=【v.】 down + load = download 下载 【adv.】+【v.】=【v.】 合成代词 everyone/ everybody 每个人 someone/ somebody 某人 anyone/ anybody 任何人 nobody 没有人 everything 每件事 something 某事 anything 任何事 nothing 没有事 一．合成词训练 1．T________ (团队合作) is necessary in order to achieve these aims. 2．When the r________ (暴风雨) came, he was watching TV at home. 3．True ________ (friend) is very important in our life. 4．Not everyone can become a successful ________ (business). 5．________(who) wants to watch the movie can go with us tonight. 6．I like ________(剪纸) very much. 7．The ________ (洪水) rose quickly and flooded the streets. 8．We can take the h________-s________ train. 9．My aunt’s ________ (五岁的) daughter can already count from 1 to 100 in English. 10．The city has a long history and many w________-famous cultural sites. 二．构词法训练 1．grow (v.) → ________ (n.) 成长；生长 2．success (n.) → ________ (adj.) 成功的 → ________ (adv.) 成功地 3．happy (adj.) → ________ (n.) 幸福；快乐 → ________ (n.) 不开心 4．meet (v.) → ________ (n.) 会议；会面 5．win (v.) → ________ (n.) 获胜者；优胜者 6．brave (adj.) → ________ (n.) 勇气；勇敢 7．choose (v.) → ________ (过去式) → ________ (过去分词) 8．act (v./n.) → ________ (n.) 行动 → ________ (adj.) 积极的 9．advise (v.) → ________ (n.) 建议 10．know (v.) → ________ (n.) 知识；了解 11．sleep (v./n.) → ________ (adj.) 困倦的 → ________ (adj.) 睡着的 12．health (n.) → ________ (adj.) 健康的 13．care (v./n.) → ________ (adj.) 仔细的 → ________ (adv.) 仔细地 14．real (adj.) → ________ (adv.) 真正地 15．different (adj.) → ________ (n.) 差异；不同 16．teach (v.) → ________ (n.) 教师 17．visit (v.) → ________ (n.) 参观者；游客 18．help (v./n.) → ________ (adj.) 有帮助的 19．hope (v./n.) → ________ (adj.) 有希望的 20．enjoy (v.) → ________ (n.) 乐趣；享受 副词的级 副词的用法 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 功能 位置 示例 修饰形容词、副词 一般位于被修饰词前，即“adv.+adj./adv.” Our family bought a new smart TV set last week. It is really cool! 修饰动词 一般位于动词之后，动词若带宾语，则放在宾语之后，即“v.（+n.） + adv.” 注意 频度副词通常放在实义动词之前，情态动词、助动词和系动词be之后 He is writing his letter carefully. People usually give gifts to someone they love or care about. 修饰整个句子 位于句首，即“adv.,+句子” Suddenly, the eagle opened its wings. 易错点 1.too、enough和so 的用法 易混词 用法 例句 too 意为“太”。“too...to...”结构表示否定意义,意为“太……而不能……” The man is too old to look after himself. enough 意为“足够”。“形容词/副词原形+enough to...”结构表示“足够……能……” The boy runs fast enough to win the game. so 意为“如此”。“so...that...”结构表示“如此……以至于……” The camera is so expensive that I can't afford it. 2.hard 和hardly 易混词 用法 例句 hard 意为“努力地;大量地;猛烈地” We should study hard. It was raining hard when we set off. hardly 意为“几乎不”,表示否定含义 We hardly know each other. 随堂训练 1．I ________ (complete) forgot to call my friend yesterday. 2．The river flows ________ (slow) through the narrow valley in spring. 3．You should use your time ________ (proper) to do meaningful things. 4．It’s important for us to eat ________ (healthy) and have a ________ (balance) diet. 5．We are ________ (deep) moved by the story of the climbers. 6．_________ (luck), the doctor arrived just in time to save the patient. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成 1.规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加-er或-est fast near 以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-r或-st late 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把y变i，再加 -er或 -est easy early 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加 -er或-est big hot fat wet thin 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more或most careful beautiful quickly carefully 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well many/much bad/badly far little 考点四 形容词和副词的比较等级的常用结构 1.原级的常用结构 结构 意义 示例 as+形容词原形/副词原形+as 和……一样…… She is as beautiful as her mother. I worked as hard as before. not+so/as+形容词原形/副词原形+as 不如……那样…… I can't type so fast as you. 2.比较级的常用结构 结构 意义 示例 比较级+than 比……更…… Cassie's room is bigger than mine. The weather here is hotter than that in Yunnan. 比较级+and+比较级 越来越…… It's getting warmer and warmer. the+比较级， the+比较级 越……，就越…… The more books you read, the more you know. Which/What/Who...+比较级,A or B? 哪一个/什么/谁更……,A还是B? Who plays tennis better, Mike or Sam? the+比较级+of the two... 两者中较……的那一个 Anne is the taller of the two girls. 3.最高级的常用结构 结构 意义 示例 （the+）最高级（+单数名词）+in/of/among+比较范围 在……中最…… It is the biggest city in China. Soccer is the most popular sport in the country. He could jump （the） farthest of all. one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数 最……的……之一 Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers. sth.+be+the+形容词最高级+名词（+that）+ sb. have/has/had ever +过去分词 某事物是某人所有经历中最……的 He said it was the quietest and most beautiful place he had ever been to. the+序数词+形容词最高级 第几最……的 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 易错点 1.表示程度的副词（quite、very、too、so、enough等）只能修饰形容词和副词原级。 例：He is very tall. She is old enough to drive. 2.much/a lot/even/far/a little/a bit可修饰比较级，放在比较级前面，表程度。 例：It's a bit colder today than yesterday. She is much better today. 3.more只能用于构成比较级,不可用于修饰比较级。 4.形容词最高级前一般加定冠词the,但其前面有形容词性物主代词（如my/his...）或名词所有格（如Lily's）时不加the；副词最高级前的the可省略。 随堂训练 一．填空题 1．She paints not as ________ (careful) as Tom. But her paintings are ________ (create) than his. 2．Some blind animals can “see” as __________ (good) as others. 3．Please do your homework as ________ (careful) as you can. 4．Li Ming can play basketball as ________ (good) as his brother. 5．Linda did ________ (badly) than Gina in yesterday’s singing competition. 6．She dances ________ (well) than me, she practices ________ (dance) every day. 7．This boy is ________ (fat) than that one, but he runs ________ (slow) than that one. 8．He writes ________ (carefully) than his deskmate. 9．They work ________ (hard) than before to prepare for the speech contest. 10．—Judy practices her oral English hard every day. —So she does. She pronounces words _________ (clearly) than before. 11．She ran ________ in the 100-metre dash and broke the school record. (fast) 12．She dances ________ (gracefully) in the school dance team. 13．He speaks English __________ (well) than his brother, but his sister speaks __________ (well) of all. 14．The Yangtze River travels the __________ (far) in China. 15．She eats ________ (little) of the three girls. 二、语法选择 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Protecting the environment helps prevent many natural disasters. Let’s see how they are connected. Trees act like natural guards. They hold soil together and help prevent floods. If we cut too many trees, rain can wash away soil 1 , causing floods or mudslides (泥石流). 2 planting more trees is a good way to prevent such disasters. Rivers and oceans need 3 too. When we throw rubbish or factories 4 wastewater into them, the environment is destroyed (破坏). Healthy oceans can reduce the strength of storms, including typhoons. Clean rivers are less likely to overflow (泛滥) when 5 rains heavily. The air matters as well. Polluted air changes the weather, making some disasters 6 frequent (频繁的). For example, rising 7 caused by pollution can lead to longer and more severe droughts (干旱). 8 short, protecting the environment means protecting ourselves. Taking care of the environment is the key to 9 natural disasters. Small actions, such as saving water or recycling, can make 10 big difference in keeping us safe. So let’s begin today. 1. A. easy B. easier C. easily 2. A. So B. But C. Because 3. A. carefully B. careful C. care 4. A. pour B. poured C. pouring 5. A. it B. its C. itself 6. A. much B. more C. most 7. A. temperatures B. temperatures’ C. temperature’s 8. A. At B. In C. For 9. A. prevent B. prevented C. preventing 10. A. a B. an C. the 三、语篇填空 第一节 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 with hurt hard trouble when mix care burn passenger kid Last summer, a big forest fire broke out near our town. Firefighters arrived quickly, but they couldn’t stop it. That’s because the winds were strong, 1 the flames (火焰) with dry leaves, making it spread faster. It was a real disaster. The fire 2 for days, destroying (毁灭) trees and houses nearby. Some firefighters got 3 —their hands, faces, arms and legs were burned—but they kept working. Even 4 their best efforts, much of the forest was destroyed. Why couldn’t they put it out? Because 5 fires grow too big, they become very dangerous. The heat is too high, and the winds make it 6 to control. This shows how important forest fire prevention is. Even small acts, like making sure campfires are completely out, can prevent big 7 . For us 8 , what can we do? First, never play with matches in the woods. If we see the start of a fire, tell an adult right away. Don’t try to put it out by ourselves—we might get hurt. Fear of fires won’t help. If we are 9 and responsible, we can help prevent them from happening in the first place. Just like 10 follow rules on a bus to stay safe, we must follow forest rules to protect nature. It’s a must for everyone to prevent fires. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Long ago, China faced terrible floods. The water covered 1 (village), destroyed (毁坏) crops (庄稼), and left people without home. The emperor tried many ways to stop the floods, but nothing worked 2 Yu came. Yu’s father had tried 3 (build) high walls to hold back the water. But the floods broke through and made things even 4 (bad). Yu thought 5 (different). He decided 6 (help) the water go away instead of stopping it. He studied the land for years, walking all over the country through rain and 7 (storm) over mountains and along rivers to find where water could flow (流动) safely to the sea. Yu worked with many people day and night. They 8 (dig) channels to lead the floodwater, cleared rocks from rivers, and built small dams to slow the water down. It was hard work. People said he walked past his own home three times during 9 (that) years but never stopped to go in because he was too busy helping others. 10 the help of people across the country, Yu’s plan worked. The water finally flowed 1 the sea, and the land became dry again. Villages 2 (be) rebuilt, crops grew again, and people lived in peace. Yu became a hero. His story 3 (teach) us a lot. Working hard, thinking wisely, and putting the people first can solve even the 4 (big) problems in the world. Till now, people remember him as 5 leader who saved China from the floods with courage and kindness. That is the story of Yu the Great Controlling Floods. 写作精讲 结合本单元“自然之力”主题，写一篇描述自然灾难经历、介绍自然灾害防护知识或阐述人与自然关系的短文，阐述灾害特点、防护措施及对自然的思考，达成以下目标： 1.能正确使用本单元“自然与灾害”相关核心词汇（如disaster、earthquake、typhoon、flood、snowstorm、heatwave、safety、protect、survive、damage、warning、first-aid kit等）及短语（keep safe、stay away from、hold back、put out、take action、run away from、hang on to、prepare for、in danger、aftershock等）； 2.能熟练运用复合词（如snowstorm、thunderstorm、earthquake、flashlight等），掌握副词比较级和最高级（如faster、more carefully、the safest等），正确使用“If there is a..., we should...” “When the disaster happens, it’s important to...”等常用句型； 3.能按“灾害/主题引入→核心细节（经历/防护措施）→感悟与启示”的逻辑完成写作，贴合“敬畏自然，学会自保”的单元主题。 模板一 描述一次自然灾难经历 Last ________ (时间), a ________ (灾害名称，如heavy rain/flood) happened in my area. I was ________ (当时正在做的事，如playing in the park/doing homework) when it started. The ________ (灾害) got ________ (比较级，如worse/stronger) quickly. ________ (灾害场景，如The rain poured down/The water rose fast). I remembered the safety tips and ________ (应对行动1，如ran to a high place/hid under a desk). My ________ (家人/朋友) also ________ (应对行动2，如came to find me/helped me). After the disaster, I felt ________ (情绪，如relieved/lucky). This experience taught me that ________ (感悟). We should always be careful and respect the power of nature! 模板二 介绍自然灾害防护知识 ________ (灾害名称，如Typhoon/Snowstorm) is a common natural disaster in some areas. It can ________ (灾害危害，如destroy houses/make roads dangerous), so we need to know how to protect ourselves. First, before the disaster comes, we should ________ (预防措施1，如prepare food and water/close windows tightly). Second, during the disaster, if we are indoors, we must ________ (措施2，如stay away from windows/gather in a safe room). If we are outdoors, we should ________ (措施3，如find a safe shelter/avoid tall objects). We can’t stop natural disasters, but we can ________ (行动，如learn safety skills/stay calm). Let’s ________ (行动呼吁，如remember these tips/prepare well) to stay safe when facing nature’s power! 例文1 My Experience in a Snowstorm Last winter, a fierce snowstorm hit my town. I was at school when the snow started to fall heavily. Soon, the whole world turned white, and the wind blew so strongly that the windows shook. Our teacher told us to stay in the classroom and not to go out. She taught us to close the windows tightly and gather in the center of the room. After school, my dad came to pick me up. We walked slowly on the thick snow, and he told me to hold his arm tightly to avoid falling. The snowstorm made the road very slippery, so we moved much more carefully than usual. When we got home safely, I felt relieved. This experience taught me that we should obey teachers’ instructions in disasters. It also made me understand the power of nature. We must respect nature and learn how to protect ourselves when facing its challenges! 中文翻译 我在暴风雪中的经历 去年冬天，一场猛烈的暴风雪袭击了我的小镇。我正在学校上课，雪突然下得很大。很快，整个世界都变成了白色，风刮得非常猛烈，窗户都在摇晃。 老师告诉我们待在教室里不要出去。她教我们把窗户关紧，聚集在教室中央。放学后，爸爸来接我。我们在厚厚的雪地上慢慢行走，他让我紧紧抓住他的胳膊以防摔倒。暴风雪让路面非常滑，所以我们走得比平时小心得多。 当我们安全到家时，我松了一口气。这次经历让我明白，在灾害中我们应该听从老师的指示。它也让我感受到了自然的威力。我们必须敬畏自然，并学会在面对它的挑战时保护自己！ 例文2 自然灾害无时无刻不在威胁着人类的安全。了解急救知识和自我保护技能非常重要。请以 "How to Keep Safe in an Earthquake" 为题，写一篇短文，介绍地震时的逃生与自救方法。 内容包括： 1. 保持冷静，不要惊慌； 2. 如果在室内，躲在结实的桌子下； 3. 如果在室外，远离建筑物和树木； 4. 你的感想（安全第一）。 注意：词数80左右。 How to Keep Safe in an Earthquake Earthquakes are terrible natural disasters. It is necessary for us to know how to protect ourselves when an earthquake happens. Here are some safety tips. First and most importantly, we must stay calm and not run around wildly. If we are indoors, we should hide under a strong table or desk. We must stay away from windows because the glass may hurt us. If we are outdoors, we should run to an open area. Remember to move away from tall buildings and trees. They may fall down and hit us. In short, learning self-protection skills can save our lives. Please remember: safety comes first. 随堂训练 （1） 我们每个人都会遇到一些突发情况，但只要沉着应对，总会有解决的办法。假设你是李华，在昨天放学回家的路上，大暴雨突然来袭，道路积水变深，无法行走，你没有伞，也没有手机，你该怎么办呢？请你根据提示信息，以“Surviving a Rainstorm”为题，用英语写一篇短文，并在口语课上与同学们分享。 提示信息： 1. What difficulties did you face? 2. How did you deal with them? 3. What did you learn? 写作要求： 1. 必须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名和地名； 3. 词数：80—100词，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Surviving a Rainstorm Yesterday afternoon, I was walking home from school when it started pouring. （2） 近期你所在的地区频繁出现强暴雨天气。假设你是学校学生会安全部部长李军，请你用英语写一则通知，告知同学们上学、放学途中如何自我保护，提醒大家安全出行。 写作提示： 写作要求： 1. 文中需包含写作提示的所有信息，可适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名和地名； 3. 词数：80—100词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 NOTICE Wear a raincoat, non-slip shoes(防滑鞋); Stay away from deep water; Walk slowly and cross only when the traffic light turns green; . . . Attention, please! Heavy storms hit our areas quite often. To keep safe on the way to and from school, here are some tips. （3） 学校英语俱乐部正在举办题为“My Experience in a Natural Disaster”的征文活动。请你根据以下提示，写一篇短文投稿，描述你经历过或了解的一次自然灾害，并谈谈你从中学会了什么。 提示： 1. 描述自然灾害的类型、发生时间和地点； 2. 叙述你或他人在灾害中的行动； 3. 总结你从中学到的安全知识或感悟。 要求： 1. 短文须包含所有提示要点，可适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现真实人名、校名； 3. 词数100左右。 My Experience in a Natural Disaster （4） 我们每个人都会遇到一些突发情况，但只要沉着应对，总会有解决的办法。假设你是李华，在昨天放学回家的路上，大暴雨突然来袭，道路积水变深，无法行走，你没有伞，也没有手机，你该怎么办呢？请你根据提示信息，以“Surviving a Rainstorm”为题，用英语写一篇短文，并在口语课上与同学们分享。 提示信息： 1. What difficulties did you face? 2. How did you deal with them? 3. What did you learn? 写作要求： 1. 必须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名和地名； 3. 词数：80-100词，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Surviving a Rainstorm Yesterday afternoon, I was walking home from school when it started pouring. （5） 台风（typhoon）是我国东南沿海常见的自然灾害，学校计划制作一份 “台风安全指南”，请你用英语写一段指南内容，告诉同学们台风来临时该如何科学防护。词数 80左右。 注意事项： 1. 包含上图中所有提示要点，可适当发挥；   2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范； 3. 用情态动词（should/must/don’t） 提建议，符合单元 “安全提示” 语法重点； 4. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名和地名 Safety Tips for Typhoons （6） 假设你是学校“安全小卫士”俱乐部的成员李华。你校英文报将开设“Disaster Safety”专栏，请你写一篇短文投稿，谈谈台风安全Tips。 内容包括：1. 台风可能带来的危险（如强风、暴雨、洪水）； 2. 给出三条具体的预防或应对建议； 3. 鼓励大家保持冷静，积极准备。 注意：1. 词数为80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称； 4. 短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Typhoon Safety Tips Typhoons are powerful natural disasters that can bring strong winds, heavy rain and even floods. （7） 假设你是李华，你们学校刚刚举行了一次“自然灾害安全演练”。请你根据以下提示，写一篇英文短文，分享你的经历和感受。 内容提示： 1. 演练时间、地点； 2. 演练内容（如：地震躲避、火灾逃生等）； 3. 你的感受与收获； 4. 呼吁大家重视安全。 要求： 1. 语句通顺，意思连贯； 2. 不少于80词； 3. 可适当发挥。 A Safety Drill for Natural Disasters 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $